Week 1 – the Theory of Strategy: Basic Concepts

1. Introduction: course aims, assessment criteria, teaching format, readings. The Strategic Approach to International Relations

Michael Howard, ‘The Strategic Approach to International Relations’, British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 67-75.

Hew Strachan, 'The Lost Meaning of Strategy', Survival 47/3 (2005), 33-54

2. The Concept of Strategy: Overview and analytical framework
Bob De Wit, Strategy: An International Perspective, 6th Edition (Andover: Cengage, 2017).
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina (Lugano: StartInsight/Europa Atlantica, 2021), 27-29, 53-55.
Edward Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), levels

Week 2 – The context and elements of Strategy

3. the International System: Features and Dynamics
Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Princeton: Princeton UP: 1981), 9-39.

4. Grand Strategy and the International System
Edward Luttwak, Strategy, scope.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 30.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies “Anarchy in International Relations”.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, “Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance”.

5. The elements of Grand Strategy: Diagnosis, Objectives, Means
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 31-45.

Week 3 – How Strategy works

6. Strategy: Logic & mechanisms
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 45-51.

7. Strategy: process & contingency
Lawrence Freedman, Strategy, A History (Oxford: Oxford UP: 2013).
Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy and contingency’, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 1281-1296.

8. Strategic interaction
Bradford A. Lee, ‘Strategic Interaction: Theory and History for Practitioners’, in Thomas G. Mahnken (ed.) Competitive Strategies for the 21st Century: Theory, History, and Practice (Stanford: Stanford UP, 2012).

Week 4 – Types of Strategy

9. Strategy in Peacetime
Emily Goldman, Power in Uncertain Times (Stanford: Stanford UP, 2011), 12-36.

10. Competitive Strategy
Michael Porter, ‘What is Strategy?’, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996).
Stephen Peter Rosen, ‘Competitive Strategies Theoretical Foundations, Limits, and Extensions’ in Thomas G. Mahnken (ed.) Competitive Strategies for the 21st Century: Theory, History, and Practice (Stanford: Stanford UP, 2012), 12-19.

11. Strategy in War

Colin S. Gray, The Strategy Bridge. Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 69-74 (del file pdf).

Week 5 – Strategy in Practice

12. Analyzing and Assessing Strategy

William C. Wohlforth, ‘The Challenge of Evaluating Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

13. From Strategy to Defense Planning, basic elements

Colin Gray, Strategy and Defense Planning. Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2014), 1-43.

14.Midterm Exam (November 4)

Test with multiple answers questions, short answer questions, mid answer questions and one open question.

Week 6 – Strategy in practice (II)

15. Defense Planning in Practice

P. H. Liotta and Richmond M. Lloyd, ‘From Here to There. The Strategy and Force Planning Framework’, Naval War College Review, Spring 2005, Vol. 58, No. 2.

16. Military and Defense Innovation

Andrea Gilli and Mauro Gilli, “Why China Has Not Caught Up Yet: Military-Technological Superiority and the Limits of Imitation, Reverse Engineering, and Cyber Espionage,” International Security, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Winter 2018/19), 141–189.

17. Strategy, Innovation and Planning: Italy
Concetto Strategico del Capo di Stato Maggiore Difesa 2022

Week 7 – Strategy in practice: Case Studies

18. Strategy, Innovation and Planning: Italy (II)
Fabrizio Coticchia, 'Running in Chains. The transformation of Italian defense policy', in Matthew Evangelista (ed.) Italy from Crisis to Crisis. Political Economy, Security, and Society in the 21st Century (London: Routledge, 2018).
Alessandro Marrone & Andrea Gilli, Defense Innovation: the Italian Case.

19. Strategy, Innovation and Planning: NATO
Alessandro Marrone, 'NATO’s New Strategic Concept: Novelties and Priorities', IAI Notes.
NDC, The NATO Defense Planning Process.
Raquel Jorge Ricart, ‘NATO Defense Innovation and Deep Tech: Measuring Willingness and Effectiveness’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, August 29, 2023

20. Strategy, Innovation and Planning: the EU
Giovanni Grevi, What Grand Strategy for Europe? (Bruxelles: CSDS, 2024)
Daniel Fiott, Beyond Strategy? Industrial Strategy and the Future of European Defence (Real Instituto Elcano, May 2024).

Week 8 – Strategy & conflict in the International System

21. War in Ukraine
Lawrence Freedman, ‘Escalation, Red Lines, Risk and the Russo-Ukraine War’, Alexander Dallin Memorial Lecture delivered to the Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies, Stanford University, 18 April 2024.

22. US-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific
Stephen Biddle and Ivan Oelrich, “Future Warfare in the Western Pacific: Chinese Antiaccess/Area Denial, U.S. AirSea Battle, and Command of the Commons in East Asia,” International Security, vol. 41. no. 1. (Summer 2016), pp. 7-48.

23. Students' presentations

Week 9 - Presentations

24. Students' presentations

25. Students' presentations

26. Students' presentations

Week 10

27. Final Exam

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE COURSE PROGRAMME -

- Human rights in the philosophical perspective: ontological and epistemological approaches
- The psychological foundation of the fruition of fundamental rights: self-respect, self-trust and self-esteem
- The struggles for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflict: the analysis of society as a theory of justice
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathological turn
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Recognition and the free market: the sphere of consumption, labour markets and environmental sustainability
- Human rights in contemporary ethical debates
- Moral reflection, rights and legislation
- Rights and duties
- The challenges of our time

This course is taught in Italian.

1) HONNETH, Axel, "Il diritto della libertà. Lineamenti per un’eticità democratica", trad. C. Sandrelli, Codice Edizioni, Torino 2015 (fino a pagina 308).

2) MILL, John Stuart Mill, Sulla libertà (testo inglese a fronte), a cura di G. Mollica, Bompiani, Milano 2000 (ISBN 978-88-4529-072-5). Alteranativly, the following edition is also admissible: MILL, John Stuart, Saggio sulla libertà, trad. S. Magistretti, Il Saggiatore, Milano 2023 (ISBN 978-88-4283-256-0)

3) GALEOTTI, Anna E., “Hate Speech: un dibattito lungo due decenni” in «Biblioteca della libertà», vol. 54, n. 224, 2019, pp. 3-17 (the article is available in the section FILES of the Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 on the platform MICROSOFT TEAMS. In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly)

4) BESUSSI, Antonella, “Hate Speech: una categoria inattendibile” in «Biblioteca della libertà», vol. 54, n. 224, 2019, pp. 39-54 (the article is available in the section FILES of the Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 on the platform MICROSOFT TEAMS. In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly)

For centuries humankind has desired peace and a peaceful resolution of conflicts; only in the last few centuries peace has been perceived as an attainable political objective. In this way, the idea of the abolition of war became conceivable, associations dedicated to peace arose (and pacifism was also considered as a kind of peace party) and international organisations were founded, with the aim of banning war and promoting peacekeeping operations.

The course offers a historical introduction to the theme of peace as one of the focal points of contemporary politics until the beginning of the 21st century. It is dedicated to the international history of peace ideas, peace movements and peace institutions.

The course aims to encourage students to think critically on the theme of war/peace in history, focusing on past centuries, but with an introduction to why, during Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern age, the desire for peace and the rejection of war never became a political objective.

By the end of the course, students will be able to better comprehend the main aspects of the peace/war debate and the importance and limitations of peace movements and peace institutions in the contemporary world. Furthermore, they will acquire an understanding of the main interpretations and methodologies proposed and used by scholars to analyze the history of peace.

The course is taught in English.

MAIN SUBJECTS:

1. The concept of peace; 2. Peace and historical research; 3. Antiquity: Ancient Eastern Civilizations, War and peace in the Bible, Ancient Greece, Rome. The Christian Tradition; 4. The Middle Ages: Islam, Christianity and holy war; the ‘just war’ theory; 5. The refusal of war: Christian approaches; 6. The refusal of war in the age of absolute Monarchies; 7. Enlightenment and peace projects; Rousseau; Kant; Revolutionary war and the birth of the ‘friends of peace’; 8. Conservatism, liberalism, radicalism, socialism and the peace issue; Moderates and radicals inside peace societies; 9. The age of militarism and pacifism (1870-1914); 10. The failure of peace and a new pacifism (1914-1918); 11. ‘No More Wars’ (1914-1931): Wilsonianism and the League of Nations; Gandhi and nonviolence; 12. Pacifism and Totalitarianism (1931-1945); 13. Peace and world federalism in the age of the Cold War; 14. Peace and Protest (1954-1978); 15. The Peacekeeping Years (1989-2001)

REQUIRED READINGS:
- David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
- Michael Howard, War and the Liberal Conscience (London: Temple Smith, 1978) (or any later edition).
- Assigned readings (on Moodle)


REQUIRED WORK FOR NOT ATTENDING STUDENTS (ONLY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDENTS)
• In English:
1. David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
2. Michael Howard, War and the Liberal Conscience (London: Temple Smith, 1978) (or any later edition).
3. One book chosen among the recommended readings (the list will be available on Moodle)
4. Another book chosen among the recommended readings (the list will be available on Moodle)

The course is divided into two parts: the first dedicated to the definition of the concept of terrorism and a historical reconstruction of its main manifestations.
The second dedicated to the scientific debate on Italian terrorism: causes, origins and its significance in national history.

Books for students attending the course:
Francesco Benigno, Terrore e terrorismo. Saggio storico sulla violenza politica, Einaudi, Torino, 2018
Giovanni Mario Ceci, Il terrorismo italiano. Storia di un dibattito, Carocci, Roma, 2013

Books for students not attending the course::
Francesco Benigno, Terrore e terrorismo. Saggio storico sulla violenza politica, Einaudi, Torino, 2018
Giovanni Mario Ceci, Il terrorismo italiano. Storia di un dibattito, Carocci, Roma, 2013

Part I. Introduction to European environmental law
- The legal concept of “environment”
- Environment and plurality of legal systems
- Environmental law and European constitutional law
- The institutional framework of the European Union (brief outline)
- The sources of European environmental law

Part II. Principles of European environmental law
- Environmental law and European integration
- Environmental protection in the European Treaties in force. The Treaty of Lisbon
- General principles of Union's action: The principle of sustainable development
- Environmental protection in the light of subsidiarity and solidarity
- Principle of integration
- Fundamental principles of the Union's environmental policies
- Principle that preventive action should be taken
- Precautionary principle
- Principle that environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source
- Principle that the polluter should pay


Part III. European decision-making processes and securities concerning environmental law
- Environmental protection and division of powers between the European Union and the Member States
- Objectives and criteria on Union policy on the environment
- European legislative proceedings
- European legislation on Environmental protection and its implementation within Member States
- General action programmes and soft law
- Art. 37 European Charter of Fundamental Rights
- The right to a healthy environment and the Court of Strasbourg

In addition to the materials provided by the lecturer, students are required to attend to the relevant parts of the recommended textbooks.
Students should also be in full possession of the fundamental texts of European law, such as, for example, P. Scarlatti (ed.), Codice essenziale di diritto costituzionale dell'Unione europea, Roma, Aracne, 2011.

We will explore the advent of fossil fuels with the emergence of the age of coal, then of hydrocarbons, and the most recent trend towards renewable energy sources. This will be done by analysing great power politics, political and economic debates on energy, the expansion of Fordism and consumerism, the role of multinational oil companies, the pressures stemming from decolonization and form the emergence of the environmentalist debate from the 1970s up to the more recent debate on the "Anthropocene" and "decarbonization".

Questions and concepts such as “resource curse”, “conservationism”, “Dutch disease”, “limits of growth”, "peak oil", "sustainable development", "extractivism", will be discussed and informed by the relevant literature (and possibly archival material), and with the help images and documentaries.

This course is taught in English.

For everyone (2 books):

1. Textbook:
- Bruce Podobnik, "Global Energy Shifts. Fostering Sustainability in a Turbulent Age"

2. One book among the following:
- Giuliano Garavini, "The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the 20th Century"
- Adam Hanieh, "Crude Capitalism: Oil, Corporate Power, and the Making of the World Market"
- Stephen G. Gross, "Energy and Power: Germany in the Age of Oil, Atoms, and Climate Change"
- Brett Christophers, "The Price is Wrong: Why Capitalism Won't Save the Planet"

3. Only for "non frequentanti", in addition to the above books also:
- Van De Graaf/Sovacool, "Global Energy Politics"

We will explore the advent of fossil fuels with the emergence of the age of coal, then of hydrocarbons, and the most recent trend towards renewable energy sources. This will be done by analysing great power politics, political and economic debates on energy, the expansion of Fordism and consumerism, the role of multinational oil companies, the pressures stemming from decolonization and form the emergence of the environmentalist debate from the 1970s up to the more recent debate on the "Anthropocene" and "decarbonization".

Questions and concepts such as “resource curse”, “conservationism”, “Dutch disease”, “limits of growth”, "peak oil", "sustainable development", "extractivism", will be discussed and informed by the relevant literature (and possibly archival material), and with the help images and documentaries.

This course is taught in English.

For everyone (2 books):

1. Textbook:
- Bruce Podobnik, "Global Energy Shifts. Fostering Sustainability in a Turbulent Age"

2. One book among the following:
- Giuliano Garavini, "The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the 20th Century"
- Adam Hanieh, "Crude Capitalism: Oil, Corporate Power, and the Making of the World Market"
- Stephen G. Gross, "Energy and Power: Germany in the Age of Oil, Atoms, and Climate Change"
- Brett Christophers, "The Price is Wrong: Why Capitalism Won't Save the Planet"

3. Only for "non frequentanti", in addition to the above books also:
- Van De Graaf/Sovacool, "Global Energy Politics"

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE COURSE PROGRAMME -

- Human rights in the philosophical perspective: ontological and epistemological approaches
- The psychological foundation of the fruition of fundamental rights: self-respect, self-trust and self-esteem
- The struggles for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflict: the analysis of society as a theory of justice
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathological turn
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Recognition and the free market: the sphere of consumption, labour markets and environmental sustainability
- Human rights in contemporary ethical debates
- Moral reflection, rights and legislation
- Rights and duties
- The challenges of our time

This course is taught in Italian.

1) HONNETH, Axel, "Il diritto della libertà. Lineamenti per un’eticità democratica", trad. C. Sandrelli, Codice Edizioni, Torino 2015 (fino a pagina 308).

2) MILL, John Stuart Mill, Sulla libertà (testo inglese a fronte), a cura di G. Mollica, Bompiani, Milano 2000 (ISBN 978-88-4529-072-5). Alteranativly, the following edition is also admissible: MILL, John Stuart, Saggio sulla libertà, trad. S. Magistretti, Il Saggiatore, Milano 2023 (ISBN 978-88-4283-256-0)

3) GALEOTTI, Anna E., “Hate Speech: un dibattito lungo due decenni” in «Biblioteca della libertà», vol. 54, n. 224, 2019, pp. 3-17 (the article is available in the section FILES of the Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 on the platform MICROSOFT TEAMS. In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly)

4) BESUSSI, Antonella, “Hate Speech: una categoria inattendibile” in «Biblioteca della libertà», vol. 54, n. 224, 2019, pp. 39-54 (the article is available in the section FILES of the Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 on the platform MICROSOFT TEAMS. In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly)

Course Learning Objectives and Skill Acquisition
This course consists in two modules. The first deals with basic concepts in Energy Economics as the distribution of sources and consumption patterns at the geographical level, the analysis of demand and supply of different energy sources and the use of energy by sectors. World energy outlook scenarios are deeply investigated. The second part of the course allows students gathering main analytical tools to consider jointly energy issues and climate change impacts. The economic analysis of policy impacts over the long term and burden sharing issues in the international bargaining process are also analyzed. At the end of the course students will be able to understand global energy and climate reports, conduct their own impact analysis and be familiar with main simulation models.

Assessment
The course assessment will be based on two small dissertations that the students will write and present after the end of each part of the course, one on Energy Economics and one on Climate Policy issues, and on a final written exam formed by 5 open questions.

Course general schedule
Part I: Energy Economics
1. World Energy Outlook
2. Energy security and energy poverty
2. Fossil fuels economics
3. Energy price mechanisms
4. Alternative energy sources and clean energy technologies
Part II: Climate Change Policy
5. The science of climate change
6. Climate change impacts
7. Vulnerability and adaptation
8. Mitigation policies
7. The European low-carbon strategy

Detailed Teaching Agenda
Lecture #1: Introduction, practical information, data collection of participants
Part I: Energy Economics
Lecture #2: Introduction to the energy markets, composition of the energy mix
Lecture #3: Demand and supply, peculiarities of the energy markets
Lecture #4: How to read an energy balance: dimensions, sectors, sources
Lecture #5: Global energy markets and scenario building
Lecture #6: Energy price mechanisms: substitution elasticities
Lecture #7: Energy price mechanisms: the rebound effect
Lecture #8: Energy security and energy poverty
Lecture #9: Renewable sources: introduction and taxonomy
Lecture #10: Renewable sources: technological innovation and policy support
Lecture #11: The biofuels case: pros and cons of an eco-innovation
Lecture #12: Energy efficiency and policy support
Lecture #13: The EU Energy strategy: targets and policy instruments
Lecture #14: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Lecture #15: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Part II: Climate Change Policy
Lecture #16: The science of climate change
Lecture #17: Climate change impacts and economic damage
Lecture #18: Vulnerability and adaptation concepts
Lecture #19: The international institutional architecture for climate change
Lecture #20: Political bargaining at the international and level
Lecture #21: Mitigation actions and policy instruments
Lecture #22: The Emission Trading System and the EU experience
Lecture #23: The linkages between mitigation and economic performance
Lecture #24: Flexible mechanisms and developing countries
Lecture #25: The EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #26: Scenario building and policy impact evaluation
Lecture #27: The case of the EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #28: The case of the Green Climate Fund
Lecture #29: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II
Lecture #30: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II

Teaching material will be available to students in a dedicated Dropbox folder, whose link is given on the Moodle platform.
Textbooks (available in the corresponding folders for Lecture number)
Bhattacharyya S.C. (2011), Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, UK: Springer-Verlag. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (pp. 41-61), 4 (pp.77-81), 5 (sect. 5.1.1-5.1.5), 6 (excl. 6.5), 7 (Appendix excluded for all chapters).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), World Energy Outlook 2017. Chapters: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2016), Energy Efficiency Indicators. (pages 5-10).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Synthesis Report. (pages 1-31).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Part A. (pages 1-32).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change (pages 41-107).
Tol R.S.J. (2014), Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Edward Elgar Publ. Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Software R-studio and R: installation and main features. Project creation in R studio. First step with R: elementary operations, descriptive statistics, graphs. Statistical inference refresher. Sampling distribution, confidence intervals and tests. Environmental data. Maximum likelihood estimation. Linear models: parameter estimation, model selection and goodness of fit. Generalized linear models: parameter estimation, model selection and goodness of fit. Logistic regression. Poisson regression.

Carsten Dormann (2020) Environmental Data Analysis: An introduction with Examples in R, Springer

CONTENT

PART I – TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Definition of sustainability: link between transport, environment and development
Preserving resilient transport to climate change
Wide reforms on a low-carbon path
Financing issues for mitigation and adaptation

PART II – URBAN FREIGHT AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
Relevance of sustainable urban freight transport
Stakeholders involved and their role
Types of intervention measures, innovative solutions and best practices
Behavioural analysis and planning

This course is taught in English.

Required readings:

Block, R., Kopp, A., Limi, A. (2013). Turning the right corner : ensuring development through a low-carbon transport sector. Directions in development: environment and sustainable development. Washington DC; World Bank.

Curtis C. (2020). Handbook of Sustainable Transport. Research Handbooks in Transport Studies series. Edward Elgar, USA.

Marcucci E., Gatta V., Le Pira M. (2023). Handbook on City Logistics and Urban Freight. Edward Elgar, UK.

Articles published in High-Quality Scientific Journals will be provided during the course