Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

Provide knowledge and basic skills in the theory of general relativity to study the structure of space / time and the most important implications of
astrophysical

TO GIVE A PERSPECTIVE OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS.
STARTING FROM THE THEORY OF THE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA, IT IS SHOWN ARE HOW THE CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH IS NOWDAYS LARGELY USED IN SEVERAL FIELDS OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS. THE CRITICAL PHENOMENA IS THE CLASSICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD. THE FIRST 6 CFU ARE SUITABLE FOR VARIOUS CURRICULA.

Provide students with the knowledge base and expertise needed to tackle the study of cosmic ray physics. In particular highlight the
physical processes involved in the propagation of galactic cosmic rays and solar nell'eliosfera, their modulation during the different phases of the solar activity, the processes
particle acceleration and the variability of the physical state interplanetary environment in relation to different types of solar activity. Underline
as many of these physical phenomena can be extrapolated to a larger scale astrophysics heliosphere

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

Provide knowledge and basic skills in the theory of general relativity to study the structure of space / time and the most important implications of
astrophysical

TO GIVE A PERSPECTIVE OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS.
STARTING FROM THE THEORY OF THE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA, IT IS SHOWN ARE HOW THE CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH IS NOWDAYS LARGELY USED IN SEVERAL FIELDS OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS. THE CRITICAL PHENOMENA IS THE CLASSICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD. THE FIRST 6 CFU ARE SUITABLE FOR VARIOUS CURRICULA.

Provide students with the knowledge base and expertise needed to tackle the study of cosmic ray physics. In particular highlight the
physical processes involved in the propagation of galactic cosmic rays and solar nell'eliosfera, their modulation during the different phases of the solar activity, the processes
particle acceleration and the variability of the physical state interplanetary environment in relation to different types of solar activity. Underline
as many of these physical phenomena can be extrapolated to a larger scale astrophysics heliosphere

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

Provide knowledge and basic skills in the theory of general relativity to study the structure of space / time and the most important implications of
astrophysical

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

Provide knowledge and basic skills in the theory of general relativity to study the structure of space / time and the most important implications of
astrophysical

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

Provide students with the knowledge base and expertise needed to tackle the study of cosmic ray physics. In particular highlight the
physical processes involved in the propagation of galactic cosmic rays and solar nell'eliosfera, their modulation during the different phases of the solar activity, the processes
particle acceleration and the variability of the physical state interplanetary environment in relation to different types of solar activity. Underline
as many of these physical phenomena can be extrapolated to a larger scale astrophysics heliosphere

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

Provide knowledge and basic skills in the theory of general relativity to study the structure of space / time and the most important implications of
astrophysical

Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications

To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data

Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing

Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration

The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.

The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups

The course aims at providing basic and advanced knowledge needed to study the structure, the characteristics and the variations of the geomagnetic field. Moreover, the student will study the physical processes involved in the interaction of interplanetary plasma with the Earth's magnetosphere. The purpose of the course is also the acquisition of appropriate knowledge of the measurement and the analysis methods of geomagnetic data recorded by instrumentation on the ground and on satellites.

Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data

first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani

Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).



second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini

Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.

Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere

The course objective is to provide adequate methodological knowledge regarding non-destructive geophysical techniques, focused on the investigation of the subsurface
particularly with regard to environmental issues

Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations

The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment

Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition

Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology

Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces

This course provides the foundation for understanding and description of volcanic phenomena through physical methods

The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions

TO GIVE A PERSPECTIVE OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS.
STARTING FROM THE THEORY OF THE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CRITICAL PHENOMENA, IT IS SHOWN ARE HOW THE CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED. THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH IS NOWDAYS LARGELY USED IN SEVERAL FIELDS OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS. THE CRITICAL PHENOMENA IS THE CLASSICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD. THE FIRST 6 CFU ARE SUITABLE FOR VARIOUS CURRICULA.

Quantum Theory of Matter:

The aim of this course is to introduce the methods of quantum field theory applied to the many body problems in the Physics of Matter. The first part focuses on the perturbative methods and the response function theory applied to the electron gas with the use of the Green functions and the Feynman diagrams. In the second part it will be considered the quantum phenomena at low temperatures, superfluidity and superconductivity.

To provide the student with the conceptual foundations and the observational
general theory of relativity, as the geometric theory
gravitation, and its implications and phenomenological
philosophical; teach him to master the formalism
four-dimensional space-time Einstein, which variety
Riemann, in its aspects of tensor calculus and geometry
differential

Forse cercavi: Far maturare dello studente una coscienza critica ed una sensibilità specifica nei confronti della teoria dei gruppi. Particolare enfasi è rivolta alle applicazioni fisiche della materia
Ripen in the student a critical awareness and sensitivity
specific in respect of the theory of groups. Particular emphasis is
devoted to the applications of physical matter