Aquifers: porosity and effective porosity, primary and secondary porosity. Recharge area, aquiclud and
aquitard. Porous, fractured and karst aquifers. Confined and unconfined aquifers. Shallow and basal aquifers.
River - aquifer interaction. Coastal aquifers. Groundwater resources and riserves
Regional hydrogeology (Central Italy): Hydrogeological complexes. Comparison between different
hydrodynamic attitude: Umbria Marchean domain, Latium Abruzzi domain, volcanic domain. Faults role in
hydrogeology. Main springs in the Central Italy
Spring: main spring classifications. Spring discharge (recession curves). Spring protection areas.
Base Flow of river discharge: Hydrograph basin vs hydrogeological basin
Water budget: hydrological cycle. Water budget of hydrographic basin. Groundwater budget of aquifer.
Effective infiltration evaluation
Groundwater hydrodynamics: Darcy’s law, hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity and trasmissivity,
storage. Drinance. Dupuit theory. Theis and Jacob theory.
Pumping test: Step Drawdown Test. Aquifer Pumping Test. Image well theory
Hydrochemistry (Hints): hydrogeochemical facies, environmental isotopes
Hydrological data collection, elaboration and interpretation: Rainoff, Air temperature, Evapotraspiration,
River discharge (Hydrographs analysis)
Groundwater flowpaths: piezometric surface. Hydraulic gradient
Hydrogeological maps and case studies

CASTANY G. (1982) - IDROGEOLOGIA: PRINCIPI E METODI. - FLACCOVIO ED. (PALERMO)
CELICO P. (1986) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. I. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CELICO P. (1988) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. II. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CHIESA G. (1994) - POZZI PER ACQUA. - HOEPLI ED. (MILANO)
A.A.V.V., IL MANUALE DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE, EDITRICE GEO-GRAPH - SEGRATE
MASSIMO CIVITA , IDROGEOLOGIA APPLICATA E AMBIENTALE, AMBROSIANA EDITRICE

GRAVITY METHODS
FIGURE OF THE HEARTH: NEWTON’S LAW: ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY:GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL: POTENTIAL FIELD EQUATIONS: ELLIPSOID: GRAVITY OF THE EARTH: GEOID: ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: RELATIVE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: PRINCIPAL METHODS OF DETERMINING GRAVITY: GRAVITY REDUCTIONS: GRAVITY ANOMALIES: INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALIES: DENSITIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS: GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GRAVITY
SEISMIC METHODS:
SEISMIC WAVES: D’ALAMBERT’ EQUATION: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WAVES: HARMONIC SOLUTION: SPEED OF SEISMIC BODYILY WAVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FERMAT’S PRINCIPLE: PARTITIONINGOF ENERGY AT AN INTERFACE: REFLECTION AND TRASMISSION COEFFICIENTS, TAVEL TIME OF DIRECTLY RAY, REFLECTED RAY AND REFRACTED RAY: TRAVEL TIME CURVE FOR HORIZONTAL REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY OF REFLECTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY REFRACTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: RELATION BETWEEN REFLECTION AND REFRACTION RAYPATHS ANDTRAVEL TIME CURVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FIELD METHODS AND EQUIPMENT.
INTRODUCTION TO SITE RESPONSE AND GROUND SHAKING ANALYSIS.
RESISTIVITY METHODS
ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDIA: OHM’LAW: CONDUCTOR, DIELECTRIC: POTENTIALS IN HOMOGENEUS MEDIA: ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK AND MINERALS: CONTINUITY EQUATION: LAPLACE’S EQUATION: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: RESISTIVITY: RESISTIVITY OF ROCK AND MINERALS. RESISTIVITY OF A POROUSE MEDIA, LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF RESISTIVITY:
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY, ELECTROD ARRAY FOR THE RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT ON THE SUSFACES SOIL: APPARENT RESISTIVITY: WENNER SPREAD: SHLUMBERGER SPREAD: DOUBLE-DIPOLE SPREAD: ELECTRIC DRILLING TWO HORIZONTAL BEDS: EQUIPMENT FOR RESISTIVITY FIELD WORK: INTERPRETATION OF APPARENT RESISTIVITY DATA: TWO LAYER SOIL MODEL AND MULTILAYER SOIL MODEL:
INTRODUCTION TO RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY.

TELFORD W.M. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS FEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. I METODI GRAVIMETRICO E MAGNETICO NELLA GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIFEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. LE INDAGINI GEOFISICHE PER LO STUDIO DEL SOTTOSUOLO METODI GEOELETTRICI E SISMICI, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIMUSSETT, ALAN E., AFTAB KHAN, M. ESPLORAZIONE DEL SOTTOSUOLO. UNA INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOFISICA APPLICATA ZANICHELLI

THE COURSE IS MADE OF THREE MODULES. THE FIRST MODULE PROVIDES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE STRTIGRAPHIC UNITS ARE DESCRIBED AND THEIR USE IS GAINED DURING THE EXERCISES. THE SECOND MODULE PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY WITH APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS AND TO SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY. THIS MODULE ALSO PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ASTROCHRONOLOGY. THESE CONCEPTS ARE EXAMINED IN CASE STUDIES FROM LITERATURE. THE THIRD MODULE IS DEDICATED TO REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY. STARTING FROM A PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MESOZOIC TETHYAN AREA, AN IDEAL ROUTE TROUGH THE MAIN SEDIMENTARY DOMAINS IS FOLLOWED. IN PARTICULAR, THE MAIN BASIN SUCCESSIONS (LA SPEZIA, TOSCANA, UMBRIA-MARCHE, LAGONEGRO AND MOLISE, IMERESE-SICANO BASIN) ARE EXAMINED. SOME CASES OF PELAGIC CARBONATE PLATFORM AND THE TRANSITION PLATFORM/BASIN OF THE GARGANO SUCCESSION ARE STUDIED TOO. FINALLY, THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LATIUM-ABRUZZI AND DOLOMITES CARBONATE PLATFORMS IS INVESTIGATED.

INTERNATIONAL SUBCOMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF IUGS INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY
(1976) – INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC GUIDE. SALVADOR A. (ED.)
COE A.L., BOSENCE D.W.J., CHURCH K.D., FLINT S.S., HOWELL J.A., WILSON R.C. (2002) – THE SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF SEA-LEVEL CHANGE. COE A.L. (ED.). THE OPEN UNIVERSITY - CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
EINSELE G., RICKEN W, SEILACHER A. (EDS.) (1991) – CYCLES AND EVENTS IN STRATIGRAPHY. SPRINGER-VERLAG.
GRAHAM WEEDON, 2003. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS AND CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY: EXAMINING STRATIGRAPHIC RECORDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CYCLES. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
ARTICLES FROM LITERATURE

DEFORMATION AND STRAIN; COAXIAL AND NON-COAXIAL DEFORMATION; FINITE AND INCREMENTAL DEFORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS STRAIN; THE ELLIPSOID OF STRAIN; STRAIN STATES AND QUANTIFICATION OF THE FINITE STRAIN. THE STRESS TENSOR AND THE PRINCIPAL AXES OF STRESS; MOHR'S CIRCLES. PRINCIPLES OF RHEOLOGY: DUCTILE AND BRITTLE DEFORMATION; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; CONSTITUTIVE LAWS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS; NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOUR; CREEP PROCESS IN GEOLOGY; RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLISATION (STATIC AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLISATION PROCESSES); DEFORMATION MAPS FOR MATERIALS OF GEOLOGICAL INTEREST; RHEOLOGY OF THE OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE. DEFORMATION AND BRITTLE SHEARING: MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERION; THE GRIFFITH CRITERION. ANDERSONIAN FAULTS: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION (STRESS INVERSION). JOINTS AND VEINS. STRUCTURE OF A FAULT ZONE: FAULT CORE AND DAMAGE ZONES; CLASSIFICATION OF FAULT ROCKS. GROWTH OF FAULTS AND THEIR SPATIAL ORGANIZATION; LATERAL PROPAGATION OF FAULTS, OVERLAP, LINKAGE AND ASSOCIATED FRACTURING; KINEMATIC INDICATORS ON FAULT SURFACES; RIEDEL SHEARS (SYNTHETIC AND ANTITHETIC). FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES: THE TOOLS OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: THE STUDY OF ACTIVE AND EXHUMED SEISMOGENIC FAULTS (PSEUDOTACHYLYTES). DUCTILE DEFORMATION: ROCK FABRICS, PLANO-LINEAR STRUCTURES (FOLIATION AND LINEATION), S; L; S-L TECTONITES AND THEIR TECTONICS SIGNIFICANCE. FOLDING AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION; INTERFERENCE AND OVERPRINTING CRITERIA). DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM: BLASTESIS-DEFORMATION RELATIONSHIPS (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE); DUCTILE SHEAR ZONES (MYLONITES) AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, KINEMATIC CRITERIA (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE). SHEAR ZONES AND FLUID CIRCULATION: FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION AND THE STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION. STRUCTURES ASSOCIATION AT REGIONAL SCALE AND THE STYLES OF REGIONAL TECTONICS. EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS (RIFTING): GEOMETRY OF RIFTING; MODELS PURE- AND SIMPLE-SHEAR MODELS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES; RHEOLOGY OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND TYPES OF RIFTING; THE RIFT-DRIFT TRANSITION; RIFTING AND SEDIMENTATION: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEFORMATION, SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION. COMPRESSIONAL TECTONICS: "SUBDUCTION FACTORY" AND OROGENY; DYNAMICS OF OROGENIC SYSTEMS; SUBDUCTION OROGENS, COLLISION AND SUBDUCTION-ACCRETION OROGENS: STRUCTURAL STYLES, THERMO-BARIC REGIMES AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION; THE OROGENIC WEDGE AND ITS DYNAMICS (EVOLUTION AND STYLES OF THRUST-AND-FOLD BELTS). STRIKE-SLIP TECTONICS: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES; STRIKE-SLIP AND TRANSFORM FAULTS; STRIKE-SLIP INTRAPLATE TECTONICS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS: ORE DEPOSITS, GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS AND GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS (EXAMPLES).
DURING THE COURSE PRACTICAL EXERCISES WILL BE CARRIED OUT FOCUSED ON THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURAL DATA.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, A WEEK-LONG CAMP IS SCHEDULED AIMED TO FIX THE BASIC CONCEPTS THOUGH ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES IN THE FIELD .

THE BASIC READINGS:
-G. DAVIS, S. REYNOLDS, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF ROCKS AND REGIONS", WILEY, 1996.
-B. A. VAN DER PLUIJM, S. MARSHAK. W.W, "EARTH STRUCTURE" (2ND ED.), NORTON, 2004.
-C. W. PASSCHIER, R. A. J. TROUW, "MICROTECTONICS” (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
COMPLEMENTARY READINGS:
-N. PRICE, J. COSGROVE, "ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES", CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1990.
-R. TWISS, E. M: MOORES, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY" (2ND ED.), FREEMAN, 2007.
-R. H. GROSHONG, "3-D STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MAP INTERPRETATION" (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
-J. SUPPE "PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY", PRENTICE-HALL, 1985.
-W. BURBANK, R. S. ANDERSON "TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY", BLACKWELL, 2005.

ACTIVITY ON THE FIELD FOR A PERIOD OF SEVEN DAYS WEEKLY WITH THE PURPOSE OF FIXING THE BASIC CONCEPTS DISCUSSED OVER THE COURSE AND TO PRESENT IN DIFFERENT STYLES DEFORMATION CONTEXT OF REGIONAL TECTONICS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

TO ADDRESS SOME BASIC NOTIONS RELATIVE TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AS A TOOL FOR RECONSTRUCTING 3D GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL DATA, BOREHOLES INFORMATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BOTH ROCK AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS; SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY, CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS OF THE MAIN REGIONS OF CENTRAL ITALY; GEOMETRICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCKS TO DEFINE THE QUALITY OF ROCK MASSES. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SEISMIC MICROZONATION PURPOSES.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL BE DONE IN FIELD TRIPS LEADED IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS FOR WORKING ON KEY AREAS OF THE CENTRAL APENNINES TO EXPERIENCE THE MAIN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING: TO ANALYSE THE BEDROCK AND THE INCOHERENT QUATERNARY COVERS; TO CHARACTERIZE GEOMETRY AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL THE DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCK MASSES; TO COLLECT SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE.
EACH FIELD TRIP WILL BE PREPARED IN CLASSROOM, LOOKING AT BOTH THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREA. SUBSEQUENTLY, ONE DAY OF FIELD TRIP ALLOW STUDENTS TO COLLECT GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE KEY AREA. LATER ON, DATA COLLECTED WILL BE ANALYSED AND PROCESSED IN THE LAB.
LAB ACTIVITIES WILL BRING STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SURVEYED AREA, TOGETHER WITH SOME THEMATIC MAPS, INCLUDING MAP KEY AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTIONS. FOR EACH FIELD TRIP, STUDENTS WILL PROVIDE, ALSO, A REPORT ON THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL CONCLUDE IN A FIELD SCHOOL FINALIZED TO PRODUCE THEMATIC MAPS AND RECONSTRUCT THE GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE AREA IN REGION OF MEDIUM-HIGH DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY.

SCESI L., PAPINI M., GATTINONI P. – GEOLOGIA APPLICATA: IL RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO-TECNICO. VOL. 1, SECONDA EDIZIONE. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA. CEAEDIZIONI, 2006.
CREMONINI G. - RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO. - ED. PITAGORA, BOLOGNA, 1985.

GEOLOGICAL MAPS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, AERO PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT WILL BE OBJECT OF THE FIELD TRIPS, WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COURSE.

INTRODUCTION (SHORT HISTORY OF THE STUDIES IN VOLCANOLOGY; TERMINOLOGY OF THE VOLCANIC PRODUCTS; FACIES ANALYSES OF VOLCANIC DEPOSITS; PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC ROCKS AS KEY- ELEMENTS TO INTERPRET THE EXPLOSIVE AND POST ERUPTIVE PROCESSES IN THE RELATED ENVIRONMENTS).

CLASSIFICATION OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE DEPOSITS. COMPONENTS, TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF VOLCANIC AND VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITS. CLASSIFICATION OF PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC DEPOSITS. DEPOSITIONAL AND EROSIVE PROCESSES IN VOLCANIC AREAS.

MORPHOLOGY OF VOLCANOES: MONOGENETIC AND POLYGENETIC VOLCANOES.

THE PROCESS OF MAGMA RISING: THE EFFUSIVE PROCESS (LAVA FLOWS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS). MAGMA ESSOLUTION AND FRAGMENTATION (THE EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS, STYLES OF MAGMA FRAGMENTATION , RELATED MICRO-TEXTURE).
TRANSPORT AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISM OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS AND RELATED DEPOSITS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS. BALLISTIC PATHWAYS OF LARGE CLASTS .

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERUPTIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE ERUPTIVE STYLES.

MAIN CONCEPTS OF VOLCANIC HAZARD AND RISK.

FROM MAGMA TO TEPHRA: MODELING PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. EDITED BY ARMIN FREUNDT AND MAURO ROSI, 2000. ELSEVIER.
VOLCANIC SUCCESSIONS. CAS R.A.F. & WRIGHT J.V., 1987. ALLEN & UNWIN
PYROCLASTIC ROCKS R.V. FISHER AND H.-U. SCHMINCKE, 1984. SPRINGER.
ENCICLOPEDIA OF VOLCANOES. EDITED BY HARALDUR SIGURDSSON, BRUCE HOUGHTON, HAZEL RYMER, JOHN STIX, STEVE MCNUTT, 2000. ACADEMIC PRESS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. E.A. PARFITT, L. WILSON 2008. BLACKWELL, OXFORD, PAPERBACK, 256 PAGES, ISBN: 978-0-632-05443-5

ORARIO DI RICEVIMENTO
LUNEDì ORE 11-12

THE COURSE IS DEVOTED TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH TOOLS AND METHODS TO IDENTIFY THE ANTHROPIC IMPACT ON NATURAL GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF ELEMENTS AND CHEMICALS. IT IS ORGANISED INTO THREE MAIN SECTIONS ON WATER POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOGEOCHEMISTRY.
THE COURSE OPENS WITH THE ILLUSTRATION OF TWO CASE-STUDIES ABOUT ACCIDENTAL SPILLS IN THE SUBSOIL OF TWO CHEMICALS (CR-VI AND ACETONE CYANOYDRIN), WITH FOLLOWING SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION. MONITORING ACTIONS TO IDENTIFY THE EXTENSION OF THE PLUME AND REMEDIATION APPROACHES ARE INTRODUCED. THESE EXAMPLES ARE USED TO PRESENT THE BASIC S OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY: SORPTION ONTO MINERAL CLAYS, ORGANIC MATTER AND FE/AL/MN OXIDES/HYDROXIDES; GEOCHEMICAL MOBILITY AND RELATED PARAMETERS; NATURAL GEOCHEMICAL BASELINES AND THE USE OF A SPECIFIC CHEMICAL MAPPING. CONTAMINATION FROM HEAVY METALS (PB AND HG).
THE SECOND SECTION DEALS WITH GREENHOUSE EFFECT, REDUCTION OF THE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, URBAN POLLUTION, ACID RAINS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG. THE CONFLICTING CONCEPTS OF NATURAL EQUILIBRIA ALTERED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND RECORDS OF PAST NATURAL DISTURBANCE IN THE GEOLOGICAL RECORDS ARE EMPHASISED.
LAST MAIN SECTION IS DEDICATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY AND RISK DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES DEALING WITH NUCLEAR ENERGY: NUCLEAR REACTORS, GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE, ACCIDENTS TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS (CHERNOBYL AND FUKUSHIMA), MILITARY USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM. FINALLY, THE FOLLOWING ISSUES ARE DESCRIBED: RADON RISK, THE USE OF RADON AS TRACER OF SINKHOLE DEVELOPMENT, AS SEISMIC PRECURSOR AND AS A TOOL TO STUDY GROUNDWATER CIRCULATION AND MIXING OR THE OCCURENCE IN THE SUBSOIL OF NON AQUEOSUS PHASE LIQUIDS (NAPL).
GENERALLY SPEAKING, THE RECENTLY INTRODUCED DISCIPLINE OF MEDICAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND THE IMPACT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ARE EXPOED WITH SPECIAL ENPHASIS ON THE LEACHATE, THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE DEGRADATION OF POLLUTANTS AND NATURAL ATTENUATION.

BAIRD C. CHIMICA AMBIENTALE. ZANICHELLI EDITORE, 2001- IN ITALIAN
DONGARRA' G., VARRICA D. GEOCHIMICA E AMBIENTE, EDISES, 2004 - IN ITALIAN
DREVER J.I. THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS - SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT, PRENTICE-HALL, 1997 - CHAPTERS 4, 5, 9 – SORPTION, IONIC EXCHANGE AND HEAVY METALS
NATHANAIL C.P., BARDOS R.P. RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED LAND, WILEY, 2004
SHERWOOD LOLLAR B. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY. VOLUME 9 DEL TREATISE ON GEOCHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER B.V. 2004
TUCCIMEI P. SPECIFIC TEACHING MATERIAL

- DEFINITION OF SEISMIC RISK; GEOLOGY FOR SEISMIC HAZARD, GENERAL ASPECTS.
- ACTIVE AND CAPABLE FAULTS: DEFINITIONS RELATED TO THE LOCAL GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK; POSSIBLE DEFINITIONS OF ACTIVE AND CAPABLE FAULTS FOR THE DIFFERENT TECTONIC DOMAINS OF THE ITALIAN TERRITORY; RECENT TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE ITALIAN TERRITORY AND CHARACTERISATION OF ACTIVE AND CAPABLE FAULTS; CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF INTEREST FOR THE STUDY OF ACTIVE AND CAPABLE FAULTS; APPLICATIONS IN THE ENGINEERING FIELD: FROM HIGH RISK PLANTS TO THE PLANNING OF THE LAND USE; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SURFACE FAULTING AND THE IMPACT ON THE ENGINEERING WORKS.
- QUATERNARY GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOSEISMOLOGY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ACTIVE AND CAPABLE FAULTS; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE RECENT FAULT ACTIVITY: FAULT SCARPS; THE DISPLACEMENTS OF QUATERNARY UNITS AND THEIR DATING; GEOLOGICAL METHODS TO DEFINE THE EVOLUTION OF FAULT ACTIVITY DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE; CONCEPTS OF RECURRENCE TIME, ELAPSED TIME SINCE THE LAST ACTIVATION, RATE OF MOVEMENT; METHODS TO IDENTIFY EVIDENCE OF HISTORICAL DISPLACEMENTS: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INFORMATION AND HISTORICAL SEISMOLOGY.
- DEFINITION OF SEISMOGENIC SOURCE; FROM SURFACE GEOLOGICAL DATA TO SUBSURFACE DATA: FROM THE ACTIVE FAULT TO THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT; CASE STUDIES OF INTEGRATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA TO DEFINE SOURCE GEOMETRIES; DEFINITION OF MAGNITUDE AND SOURCE DIMENSION; APPLICATIONS IN THE ENGINEERING FIELD: SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT, SHAKING SCENARIOS, DAMAGE SCENARIOS.
- OTHER GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTEREST FOR SEISMIC RISK: DEEP SEATED GRAVITATIONAL SLOPE DEFORMATIONS, LIQUEFACTIONS AND SINKHOLES; THEIR GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION; PROBLEMS RELATED TO ENGINEERING WORKS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

- PHYSICAL AND INDEX PROPETIES OF SOILS; SOIL CLASSIFICATION; ATTERBERG LIMITS;
- PERMEABILITY OF SOILS; DARCY’S LAW; LABORATORY PERMEABILITY TESTS;
- STRESSES (TOTAL AND EFFETTIVE) IN SOILS;
- COMPRESSIBILITY OF SOIL; ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION TEST; LOAD-DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS;
- SHEAR STREANGTH OF SOIL; MOHR’S THEORY OF FAILURE; DIRECT SHEAR TEST; TRIAXIAL TEST;
- STABILITY OF SLOPES; INFINITY SLOPES; METHOD OF SLICES (BISHOP’S SIMPLIFIED METHOD);
- CLASSIFICATION AND INDEX PROPERTIES OF ROCKS;
- ROCK STRENGTH AND FAILURE CRITERIA;
- APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS TO ROCK SLOPE ENGINEERING.

LAMBE T.W. & WHITMANN R.W., SOIL MECHANICS, J. WILEY & SONS, LONDON
LANCELLOTTA R., GEOTECNICA, ZANICHELLI, BOLOGNA.
COLOSELLI COLOMBO. ELEMENTI DI GEOTECNICA. ZANICHELLI. BOLOGNA
INTRODUCTION TO ROCK MECHANICS. R.E. GOODMAN.
VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER.

WHAT IS A VOLCANIC RISK?; DEFINITION OF UNREST; DEFINITIONS OF PRE-ERUPTIVE, SIN-ERUPTIVE AND POST-ERUPTIVE STEPS; SEISMIC, GEODETIC, GEOCHEMICAL AND VOLCANIC PRECURSORS;
MONITORING SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN CHARGE; DEFINITION OF ERUPTIVE SCENARIOS AND THE PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS; DEFINITION OF UNCERTAINTIES. BASIC PARAMETERS OF ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY.
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS: PYROCLASTIC FLOW AND FALL DEPOSITS; USEFUL ELEMENTS TO RECONSTRUCT THE DISTRIBUTION OF FALL DEPOSITS (ASH); PYROCLASTIC FLOW PROCESSES; MAIN CRITERIA IN CIVIL PROTECTION.
EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS: LAVA FLOW PROCESSES; ELEMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECONSTRUCTING OF ERUPTIVE AND COOLING RATES; NATURAL LAVA TUNNEL AND MAXIMUM RUNOUT; DOMES AND BUILDING COLLAPSES.
VOLCANOCLASTIC REMOBILIZATION PRODUCTS: LAHAR; DISTINCTION BETWEEN SIN-, POST AND INTER-ERUPTIVE LAHARS; SOURCES OF WATER AND TRIGGERING FACTORS; HAZARD FROM GAS EMISSION; SEISMIC HAZARD IN VOLCANIC AREAS; NOTES ON AVALANCHE HAZARDS.
CRITERIA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT: VULNERABILITY; LIVEABILITY; TOLERANCE LIMITS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES; EFFECTS ON THE AIR TRAFFIC; THE CIVIL PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF ITALY. READING AND USE OF THEME MAPS.
HOPEFULLY ONE OR TWO CURRICULAR OR EXTRACURRICULAR FIELD TRIPS (ROMAN AREA AND NEAPOLITAN AREA) COULD BE ACTIVATED.

-VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER
-TERRA PERICOLOSA. TERREMOTI, ERUZIONI VULCANICHE, FRANE, ALLUVIONI, TSUNAMI. PERCHÉ AVVENGONO E COME POSSIAMO DIFENDERCI. BARBERI FRANCO; SANTACROCE ROBERTO; CARAPEZZA M. LUISA, 2004, 191 P., ILL., BROSSURA
- THE MITIGATION OF VOLCANIC HAZARD. 1996. SCIENCE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT. EUROPEAN COMMISSION.

Introduction; the role of Geomophology in the assessment of natural risk; the principles of geomorphological hazard, vulnerability, risk; endogenic and exogenic morphogenesis of dangerous surface processes and methods to study them; fluvial dynamics and river erosion, relative hazard and mitigation; floods; coastal dynamics, marine erosion and mitigation; tectonic geomorphology with particular regard on active tectonics; slope dynamics: diffusion, mass wasting, soil erosion, relative hazard and mitigation. In-class activities are planned for each topic.

Alcantara-Ayala, Goudie "Geomorphological Hazards and Disaster Prevention", Cambridge University Press

Mario Panizza "Manuale di Geomorfologia Applicata", FrancoAngeli (Nuova Edizione)

Antonio Vallario "Frane e territorio", Liguori Editore

During in-class activity and lessons, scientific papers and exercises will be hand out by the professor.

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

hand-outs provided by the professor

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.


My contribution deals with:

Geochemical composition of main springs and its interpretation to reconstruct hydrogeological circuits
Soil gas (radon) measurements: geochemical prospecting and environmental hazard

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

Aquifers: porosity and effective porosity, primary and secondary porosity. Recharge area, aquiclud and
aquitard. Porous, fractured and karst aquifers. Confined and unconfined aquifers. Shallow and basal aquifers.
River - aquifer interaction. Coastal aquifers. Groundwater resources and riserves
Regional hydrogeology (Central Italy): Hydrogeological complexes. Comparison between different
hydrodynamic attitude: Umbria Marchean domain, Latium Abruzzi domain, volcanic domain. Faults role in
hydrogeology. Main springs in the Central Italy
Spring: main spring classifications. Spring discharge (recession curves). Spring protection areas.
Base Flow of river discharge: Hydrograph basin vs hydrogeological basin
Water budget: hydrological cycle. Water budget of hydrographic basin. Groundwater budget of aquifer.
Effective infiltration evaluation
Groundwater hydrodynamics: Darcy’s law, hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity and trasmissivity,
storage. Drinance. Dupuit theory. Theis and Jacob theory.
Pumping test: Step Drawdown Test. Aquifer Pumping Test. Image well theory
Hydrochemistry (Hints): hydrogeochemical facies, environmental isotopes
Hydrological data collection, elaboration and interpretation: Rainoff, Air temperature, Evapotraspiration,
River discharge (Hydrographs analysis)
Groundwater flowpaths: piezometric surface. Hydraulic gradient
Hydrogeological maps and case studies

CASTANY G. (1982) - IDROGEOLOGIA: PRINCIPI E METODI. - FLACCOVIO ED. (PALERMO)
CELICO P. (1986) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. I. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CELICO P. (1988) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. II. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CHIESA G. (1994) - POZZI PER ACQUA. - HOEPLI ED. (MILANO)
A.A.V.V., IL MANUALE DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE, EDITRICE GEO-GRAPH - SEGRATE
MASSIMO CIVITA , IDROGEOLOGIA APPLICATA E AMBIENTALE, AMBROSIANA EDITRICE

GRAVITY METHODS
FIGURE OF THE HEARTH: NEWTON’S LAW: ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY:GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL: POTENTIAL FIELD EQUATIONS: ELLIPSOID: GRAVITY OF THE EARTH: GEOID: ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: RELATIVE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: PRINCIPAL METHODS OF DETERMINING GRAVITY: GRAVITY REDUCTIONS: GRAVITY ANOMALIES: INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALIES: DENSITIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS: GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GRAVITY
SEISMIC METHODS:
SEISMIC WAVES: D’ALAMBERT’ EQUATION: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WAVES: HARMONIC SOLUTION: SPEED OF SEISMIC BODYILY WAVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FERMAT’S PRINCIPLE: PARTITIONINGOF ENERGY AT AN INTERFACE: REFLECTION AND TRASMISSION COEFFICIENTS, TAVEL TIME OF DIRECTLY RAY, REFLECTED RAY AND REFRACTED RAY: TRAVEL TIME CURVE FOR HORIZONTAL REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY OF REFLECTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY REFRACTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: RELATION BETWEEN REFLECTION AND REFRACTION RAYPATHS ANDTRAVEL TIME CURVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FIELD METHODS AND EQUIPMENT.
INTRODUCTION TO SITE RESPONSE AND GROUND SHAKING ANALYSIS.
RESISTIVITY METHODS
ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDIA: OHM’LAW: CONDUCTOR, DIELECTRIC: POTENTIALS IN HOMOGENEUS MEDIA: ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK AND MINERALS: CONTINUITY EQUATION: LAPLACE’S EQUATION: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: RESISTIVITY: RESISTIVITY OF ROCK AND MINERALS. RESISTIVITY OF A POROUSE MEDIA, LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF RESISTIVITY:
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY, ELECTROD ARRAY FOR THE RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT ON THE SUSFACES SOIL: APPARENT RESISTIVITY: WENNER SPREAD: SHLUMBERGER SPREAD: DOUBLE-DIPOLE SPREAD: ELECTRIC DRILLING TWO HORIZONTAL BEDS: EQUIPMENT FOR RESISTIVITY FIELD WORK: INTERPRETATION OF APPARENT RESISTIVITY DATA: TWO LAYER SOIL MODEL AND MULTILAYER SOIL MODEL:
INTRODUCTION TO RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY.

TELFORD W.M. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS FEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. I METODI GRAVIMETRICO E MAGNETICO NELLA GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIFEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. LE INDAGINI GEOFISICHE PER LO STUDIO DEL SOTTOSUOLO METODI GEOELETTRICI E SISMICI, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIMUSSETT, ALAN E., AFTAB KHAN, M. ESPLORAZIONE DEL SOTTOSUOLO. UNA INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOFISICA APPLICATA ZANICHELLI

THE COURSE IS MADE OF THREE MODULES. THE FIRST MODULE PROVIDES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE STRTIGRAPHIC UNITS ARE DESCRIBED AND THEIR USE IS GAINED DURING THE EXERCISES. THE SECOND MODULE PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY WITH APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS AND TO SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY. THIS MODULE ALSO PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ASTROCHRONOLOGY. THESE CONCEPTS ARE EXAMINED IN CASE STUDIES FROM LITERATURE. THE THIRD MODULE IS DEDICATED TO REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY. STARTING FROM A PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MESOZOIC TETHYAN AREA, AN IDEAL ROUTE TROUGH THE MAIN SEDIMENTARY DOMAINS IS FOLLOWED. IN PARTICULAR, THE MAIN BASIN SUCCESSIONS (LA SPEZIA, TOSCANA, UMBRIA-MARCHE, LAGONEGRO AND MOLISE, IMERESE-SICANO BASIN) ARE EXAMINED. SOME CASES OF PELAGIC CARBONATE PLATFORM AND THE TRANSITION PLATFORM/BASIN OF THE GARGANO SUCCESSION ARE STUDIED TOO. FINALLY, THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LATIUM-ABRUZZI AND DOLOMITES CARBONATE PLATFORMS IS INVESTIGATED.

INTERNATIONAL SUBCOMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF IUGS INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY
(1976) – INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC GUIDE. SALVADOR A. (ED.)
COE A.L., BOSENCE D.W.J., CHURCH K.D., FLINT S.S., HOWELL J.A., WILSON R.C. (2002) – THE SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF SEA-LEVEL CHANGE. COE A.L. (ED.). THE OPEN UNIVERSITY - CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
EINSELE G., RICKEN W, SEILACHER A. (EDS.) (1991) – CYCLES AND EVENTS IN STRATIGRAPHY. SPRINGER-VERLAG.
GRAHAM WEEDON, 2003. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS AND CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY: EXAMINING STRATIGRAPHIC RECORDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CYCLES. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
ARTICLES FROM LITERATURE

DEFORMATION AND STRAIN; COAXIAL AND NON-COAXIAL DEFORMATION; FINITE AND INCREMENTAL DEFORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS STRAIN; THE ELLIPSOID OF STRAIN; STRAIN STATES AND QUANTIFICATION OF THE FINITE STRAIN. THE STRESS TENSOR AND THE PRINCIPAL AXES OF STRESS; MOHR'S CIRCLES. PRINCIPLES OF RHEOLOGY: DUCTILE AND BRITTLE DEFORMATION; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; CONSTITUTIVE LAWS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS; NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOUR; CREEP PROCESS IN GEOLOGY; RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLISATION (STATIC AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLISATION PROCESSES); DEFORMATION MAPS FOR MATERIALS OF GEOLOGICAL INTEREST; RHEOLOGY OF THE OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE. DEFORMATION AND BRITTLE SHEARING: MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERION; THE GRIFFITH CRITERION. ANDERSONIAN FAULTS: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION (STRESS INVERSION). JOINTS AND VEINS. STRUCTURE OF A FAULT ZONE: FAULT CORE AND DAMAGE ZONES; CLASSIFICATION OF FAULT ROCKS. GROWTH OF FAULTS AND THEIR SPATIAL ORGANIZATION; LATERAL PROPAGATION OF FAULTS, OVERLAP, LINKAGE AND ASSOCIATED FRACTURING; KINEMATIC INDICATORS ON FAULT SURFACES; RIEDEL SHEARS (SYNTHETIC AND ANTITHETIC). FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES: THE TOOLS OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: THE STUDY OF ACTIVE AND EXHUMED SEISMOGENIC FAULTS (PSEUDOTACHYLYTES). DUCTILE DEFORMATION: ROCK FABRICS, PLANO-LINEAR STRUCTURES (FOLIATION AND LINEATION), S; L; S-L TECTONITES AND THEIR TECTONICS SIGNIFICANCE. FOLDING AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION; INTERFERENCE AND OVERPRINTING CRITERIA). DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM: BLASTESIS-DEFORMATION RELATIONSHIPS (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE); DUCTILE SHEAR ZONES (MYLONITES) AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, KINEMATIC CRITERIA (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE). SHEAR ZONES AND FLUID CIRCULATION: FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION AND THE STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION. STRUCTURES ASSOCIATION AT REGIONAL SCALE AND THE STYLES OF REGIONAL TECTONICS. EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS (RIFTING): GEOMETRY OF RIFTING; MODELS PURE- AND SIMPLE-SHEAR MODELS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES; RHEOLOGY OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND TYPES OF RIFTING; THE RIFT-DRIFT TRANSITION; RIFTING AND SEDIMENTATION: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEFORMATION, SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION. COMPRESSIONAL TECTONICS: "SUBDUCTION FACTORY" AND OROGENY; DYNAMICS OF OROGENIC SYSTEMS; SUBDUCTION OROGENS, COLLISION AND SUBDUCTION-ACCRETION OROGENS: STRUCTURAL STYLES, THERMO-BARIC REGIMES AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION; THE OROGENIC WEDGE AND ITS DYNAMICS (EVOLUTION AND STYLES OF THRUST-AND-FOLD BELTS). STRIKE-SLIP TECTONICS: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES; STRIKE-SLIP AND TRANSFORM FAULTS; STRIKE-SLIP INTRAPLATE TECTONICS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS: ORE DEPOSITS, GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS AND GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS (EXAMPLES).
DURING THE COURSE PRACTICAL EXERCISES WILL BE CARRIED OUT FOCUSED ON THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURAL DATA.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, A WEEK-LONG CAMP IS SCHEDULED AIMED TO FIX THE BASIC CONCEPTS THOUGH ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES IN THE FIELD .

THE BASIC READINGS:
-G. DAVIS, S. REYNOLDS, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF ROCKS AND REGIONS", WILEY, 1996.
-B. A. VAN DER PLUIJM, S. MARSHAK. W.W, "EARTH STRUCTURE" (2ND ED.), NORTON, 2004.
-C. W. PASSCHIER, R. A. J. TROUW, "MICROTECTONICS” (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
COMPLEMENTARY READINGS:
-N. PRICE, J. COSGROVE, "ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES", CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1990.
-R. TWISS, E. M: MOORES, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY" (2ND ED.), FREEMAN, 2007.
-R. H. GROSHONG, "3-D STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MAP INTERPRETATION" (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
-J. SUPPE "PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY", PRENTICE-HALL, 1985.
-W. BURBANK, R. S. ANDERSON "TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY", BLACKWELL, 2005.

ACTIVITY ON THE FIELD FOR A PERIOD OF SEVEN DAYS WEEKLY WITH THE PURPOSE OF FIXING THE BASIC CONCEPTS DISCUSSED OVER THE COURSE AND TO PRESENT IN DIFFERENT STYLES DEFORMATION CONTEXT OF REGIONAL TECTONICS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

TO ADDRESS SOME BASIC NOTIONS RELATIVE TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AS A TOOL FOR RECONSTRUCTING 3D GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL DATA, BOREHOLES INFORMATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BOTH ROCK AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS; SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY, CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS OF THE MAIN REGIONS OF CENTRAL ITALY; GEOMETRICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCKS TO DEFINE THE QUALITY OF ROCK MASSES. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SEISMIC MICROZONATION PURPOSES.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL BE DONE IN FIELD TRIPS LEADED IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS FOR WORKING ON KEY AREAS OF THE CENTRAL APENNINES TO EXPERIENCE THE MAIN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING: TO ANALYSE THE BEDROCK AND THE INCOHERENT QUATERNARY COVERS; TO CHARACTERIZE GEOMETRY AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL THE DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCK MASSES; TO COLLECT SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE.
EACH FIELD TRIP WILL BE PREPARED IN CLASSROOM, LOOKING AT BOTH THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREA. SUBSEQUENTLY, ONE DAY OF FIELD TRIP ALLOW STUDENTS TO COLLECT GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE KEY AREA. LATER ON, DATA COLLECTED WILL BE ANALYSED AND PROCESSED IN THE LAB.
LAB ACTIVITIES WILL BRING STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SURVEYED AREA, TOGETHER WITH SOME THEMATIC MAPS, INCLUDING MAP KEY AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTIONS. FOR EACH FIELD TRIP, STUDENTS WILL PROVIDE, ALSO, A REPORT ON THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL CONCLUDE IN A FIELD SCHOOL FINALIZED TO PRODUCE THEMATIC MAPS AND RECONSTRUCT THE GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE AREA IN REGION OF MEDIUM-HIGH DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY.

SCESI L., PAPINI M., GATTINONI P. – GEOLOGIA APPLICATA: IL RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO-TECNICO. VOL. 1, SECONDA EDIZIONE. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA. CEAEDIZIONI, 2006.
CREMONINI G. - RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO. - ED. PITAGORA, BOLOGNA, 1985.

GEOLOGICAL MAPS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, AERO PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT WILL BE OBJECT OF THE FIELD TRIPS, WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COURSE.

INTRODUCTION (SHORT HISTORY OF THE STUDIES IN VOLCANOLOGY; TERMINOLOGY OF THE VOLCANIC PRODUCTS; FACIES ANALYSES OF VOLCANIC DEPOSITS; PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC ROCKS AS KEY- ELEMENTS TO INTERPRET THE EXPLOSIVE AND POST ERUPTIVE PROCESSES IN THE RELATED ENVIRONMENTS).

CLASSIFICATION OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE DEPOSITS. COMPONENTS, TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF VOLCANIC AND VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITS. CLASSIFICATION OF PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC DEPOSITS. DEPOSITIONAL AND EROSIVE PROCESSES IN VOLCANIC AREAS.

MORPHOLOGY OF VOLCANOES: MONOGENETIC AND POLYGENETIC VOLCANOES.

THE PROCESS OF MAGMA RISING: THE EFFUSIVE PROCESS (LAVA FLOWS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS). MAGMA ESSOLUTION AND FRAGMENTATION (THE EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS, STYLES OF MAGMA FRAGMENTATION , RELATED MICRO-TEXTURE).
TRANSPORT AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISM OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS AND RELATED DEPOSITS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS. BALLISTIC PATHWAYS OF LARGE CLASTS .

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERUPTIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE ERUPTIVE STYLES.

MAIN CONCEPTS OF VOLCANIC HAZARD AND RISK.

FROM MAGMA TO TEPHRA: MODELING PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. EDITED BY ARMIN FREUNDT AND MAURO ROSI, 2000. ELSEVIER.
VOLCANIC SUCCESSIONS. CAS R.A.F. & WRIGHT J.V., 1987. ALLEN & UNWIN
PYROCLASTIC ROCKS R.V. FISHER AND H.-U. SCHMINCKE, 1984. SPRINGER.
ENCICLOPEDIA OF VOLCANOES. EDITED BY HARALDUR SIGURDSSON, BRUCE HOUGHTON, HAZEL RYMER, JOHN STIX, STEVE MCNUTT, 2000. ACADEMIC PRESS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. E.A. PARFITT, L. WILSON 2008. BLACKWELL, OXFORD, PAPERBACK, 256 PAGES, ISBN: 978-0-632-05443-5

ORARIO DI RICEVIMENTO
LUNEDì ORE 11-12

INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM GEOLOGY. GEOLOGY APLIED TO RESERARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCARBONS. THE ROLO OF HYDROCARCON ENERGY IN THE PRESENT DAY SOCIETY. STATISTICS ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS. THE ROLE OF THE PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST. NATURE ANS ORIGIN OF HYDROCARBONS. HYDROCARBON COMPOSITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION. THE PETROLEUM ACCUMULATION CYCLE. ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NATURE. SOURCE ROCKS. PRINCIPLES OF TRASFORMATION OF ORGANIC MATTER INTO HYDROCARBONS. MIGRATION PROCESSES AND TRAPPING. ACCUMULTION OF PETROLEUM. RESERVOIR ROCKS. HYDROCARBON TRAPS ANS THEIR CLASSIFICATION. WELL LOGS TYPES AND INTERPRETATION. SEISMIC EXPLORATION. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES RELATED TO GEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS. PREPARATION OF BALANCED CROSS SECTIONS AND THEIR RESTORATION. PRACTICAL WORK. ONE DAY FIELD TRIP TO OUTCROPS OF SOURCE ROCKS, RESERVOIR ROCKS AND VISIT TO AN ACTIVE OIL FIELD.

- J. GLUYAS, R. SWARBRICK - PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING (2003).
- SELLEY - ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY-SECOND EDITION ACADEMIC PRESS (1998).
- N.B. WOODWARD, S.E. BOYER, J. SUPPE - BALANCED GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTIONS: AN ESSENTIAL TECHNIQUE IN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION. - AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION. R.C. (1989).

PART I - DEFINITIONS AND INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
THE HEAT OF THE EARTH: ORIGIN, MEASUREMENT, TRANSPORTATION, GEODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PANORAMA OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND LOW CO2 EMISSIONS.
PART II - CLASSIFICATION OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
STRUCTURE OF GEOTHERMAL AREAS, HEAT SOURCE, THE RESERVOIR, THE CAP ROCKS. RESOURCES OF HIGH, MEDIUM AND LOW ENTHALPY. WATER-DOMINATED SYSTEMS, VAPOR-DOMINATED SYSTEMS, GEOPRESSURED SYSTEMS, DRY ROCK.
PART III - GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY METHODOLOGIES: ESTIMATION OF THE AGE, SIZE, DEPTH AND T OF THE HEAT SOURCE, EVALUATION OF THE PRESENCE OF RESERVOIR ROCKS AND CAP ROCKS, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PERMEABILITY OF THE RESERVOIR AS A FUNCTION OF SURFACE DATA, REMOTE SENSING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL MODEL; EXPLORATION OF THE CAP ROCK. HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY METHODOLOGIES: ESTIMATION OF THE TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE GEOTHERMAL FLUID FROM HOT SPRINGS AND GASES AT THE SURFACE EVALUATION OF THE DEEP CIRCULATION, AND THE RECHARGE POTENTIAL OF THE RESERVOIR. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY METHODS: GRAVIMETRY, GEOELECTRIC, MAGNETOTELLURIC, SEISMIC, RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT. DEEP-DRILLING: PLANNING, EXECUTION, COMMISSIONING, DOWN HOLE MEASURES. USE OF GIS FOR MANAGING AND MODELING OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS. NUMERICAL MODELING OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
PART IV - REGIONAL GEOTHERMAL
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ITALY, GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MAGMATIC PROVINCES OF TUSCANY AND LAZIO AND CAMPANIA, EOLIAN ARC ASSOCIATED WITH THE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM, GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS OF FORELAND: SARDINIA, THE PIANURA PADANA, SICILY.
PART V - USE OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY; DIRECT USE OF HOT WATER, THE VERY LOW ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL AND HEAT PUMPS; INTRODUCTION TO LEGISLATION

B. TORO, T. RUSPANDINI TANIA, 2009, NUOVE FRONTIERE DELLE ENERGIE RINNOVABILI. ASPETTI GEOLOGICI, RICERCA, UTILIZZAZIONE. EDITORE: FLACCOVIO DARIO
R. DIPIPPO, 2008, GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS: PRINCIPLES, APPLICATIONS, CASE STUDIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, EDITORE: BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
A. MANZELLA, C. UNGARELLI, 2011, LA GEOTERMIA, EDITORE: IL MULINO, COLLANA “FARSI UN’IDEA”

ORARIO DI RICEVIMENTO
LUNEDì ORE 12-13

REMOTE SENSING ORIGIN AND HISTORY. INTRODUCTION TO THE OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING. THE ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR THE MONITORING OF THE GEO-ENVIRONMENT AND GEO-TECTONICS. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS (WATER, VEGETATION, SOILS AND ROCKS). SPECIFICATIONS OF SEVERAL OPTICAL SENSOR. SPATIAL RESOLUTION, SPECTRAL RESOLUTION, RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF SATELLITE IMAGES. PRINCIPLES OF SPECTRORADIOMETRY, REFLECTANCE, TRANSMITTANCE AND EMITTANCE. ATMOSPHERIC EMR INTERACTION WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH SURFACE. SPECTRAL SIGNATURES. CHARACTERISTICS OF PANCHROMATIC, MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES. IMAGE PROCESSING, ENHANCEMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF SYNTHETIC AND LOCAL SCALE SATELLITE DATASET. SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED IMAGE CLASSIFICATION. ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RADAR SYSTEMS. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF RADAR REMOTE SENSING FOR GEOLOGICAL STUDIES. THERMAL IMAGES. LAB EXERCISES USING SEVERAL TYPES OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA.

GOMARASCA M.A., 2004. ELEMENTI DI GEOMATICA. ED. ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA DI TELERILEVAMENTO
S A DRURY 2001. IMAGE INTERPRETATION IN GEOLOGY. BLACKWELL SCIENCE
DESSENA MA E MELIS MT, 2006. TELERILEVAMENTO APPLICATO. MAKO EDIZIONI
SABINS F. F., 2007. REMOTE SENSING: PRINCIPLES AND INTERPRETATION. WAVELAND PRESS, INC.

THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MODULES, NOT DISTINCT IN TERMS OF CREDITS:
1. THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TECTONICS. MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS SEDIMENTARY BASINS. GEOMETRY, KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF BASINS: EXTENSIONAL, FLEXURE AND STRIKE-SLIP. THE SEDIMENTARY BASINS AS THE LOCATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES (EXAMPLES APPLIED TO THE SEARCH FOR OIL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY).
2. QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR STUDYING THE DYNAMICS AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BURIAL HISTORY, SUBSIDENCE AND THERMAL EVOLUTION; MODELING OF HYDROCARBON GENERATION STAGES (WITH TUTORIALS AND BY USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE PACKAGES).
3. OPTICAL METHODS AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF FACIES AND THERMAL MATURITY OF ORGANIC MATTER DISPERSED IN SEDIMENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DEFINITION OF PETROLEUM CHARGE: COMPOSITION AND PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION, PRESERVATION AND STORAGE OF DISPERSED ORGANIC MATTER IN SEDIMENTS, CLASSIFICATION AND THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF KEROGEN DURING EOGENESIS; MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF SOURCE ROCKS (PRESENT-DAY AND PAST CASE HISTORIES WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE WORLD), AND THERMAL EVOLUTION OF KEROGEN AND HYDROCARBONS GENERATION (CATAGENESIS AND METAGENESIS PHASES), HINTS ON PRIMARY MIGRATION. OUTLINE ON OTHER METHODS AIMING AT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PALEO-THERMAL CONSTRAINTS AND THERMO-CHRONOLOGICAL IN DIAGENESIS (THERMAL HISTORY AT A LOW TEMPERATURE, MINERALOGY OF CLAYS, PETROGRAPHY AND MICRO-THERMOMETRY OF FLUID INCLUSIONS).
4. DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPLORATION PROJECT ON THE THERMAL EVOLUTION OF A SEDIMENTARY BASIN WITH CASE HISTORIES FROM THE ITALIAN TERRITORY, THROUGH THE USE OF A COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE.

ALLEN P.A. & ALLEN R.R. (2005) – "BASIN ANALYSIS PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS". 2A ED., BLACKWELL, OXFORD.
KATZ B. (ED.) (1994) – "PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS", 2A ED. SPRINGER VERLAG, BERLIN.
HUNT J.M. (1996) – "PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOLOGY". W.H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY, NEW YORK.
ARTICOLI VARI DA RIVISTE SPECIALIZZATE
CAPITOLI SELEZIONATI DA LIBRI DI TESTO
APPUNTI DISTRIBUITI A LEZIONE

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

hand-outs provided by the professor

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.


My contribution deals with:

Geochemical composition of main springs and its interpretation to reconstruct hydrogeological circuits
Soil gas (radon) measurements: geochemical prospecting and environmental hazard

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

Aquifers: porosity and effective porosity, primary and secondary porosity. Recharge area, aquiclud and
aquitard. Porous, fractured and karst aquifers. Confined and unconfined aquifers. Shallow and basal aquifers.
River - aquifer interaction. Coastal aquifers. Groundwater resources and riserves
Regional hydrogeology (Central Italy): Hydrogeological complexes. Comparison between different
hydrodynamic attitude: Umbria Marchean domain, Latium Abruzzi domain, volcanic domain. Faults role in
hydrogeology. Main springs in the Central Italy
Spring: main spring classifications. Spring discharge (recession curves). Spring protection areas.
Base Flow of river discharge: Hydrograph basin vs hydrogeological basin
Water budget: hydrological cycle. Water budget of hydrographic basin. Groundwater budget of aquifer.
Effective infiltration evaluation
Groundwater hydrodynamics: Darcy’s law, hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity and trasmissivity,
storage. Drinance. Dupuit theory. Theis and Jacob theory.
Pumping test: Step Drawdown Test. Aquifer Pumping Test. Image well theory
Hydrochemistry (Hints): hydrogeochemical facies, environmental isotopes
Hydrological data collection, elaboration and interpretation: Rainoff, Air temperature, Evapotraspiration,
River discharge (Hydrographs analysis)
Groundwater flowpaths: piezometric surface. Hydraulic gradient
Hydrogeological maps and case studies

CASTANY G. (1982) - IDROGEOLOGIA: PRINCIPI E METODI. - FLACCOVIO ED. (PALERMO)
CELICO P. (1986) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. I. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CELICO P. (1988) - PROSPEZIONI IDROGEOLOGICHE. VOL. II. - LIGUORI ED. (NAPOLI)
CHIESA G. (1994) - POZZI PER ACQUA. - HOEPLI ED. (MILANO)
A.A.V.V., IL MANUALE DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE, EDITRICE GEO-GRAPH - SEGRATE
MASSIMO CIVITA , IDROGEOLOGIA APPLICATA E AMBIENTALE, AMBROSIANA EDITRICE

GRAVITY METHODS
FIGURE OF THE HEARTH: NEWTON’S LAW: ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY:GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL: POTENTIAL FIELD EQUATIONS: ELLIPSOID: GRAVITY OF THE EARTH: GEOID: ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: RELATIVE MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY: PRINCIPAL METHODS OF DETERMINING GRAVITY: GRAVITY REDUCTIONS: GRAVITY ANOMALIES: INTERPRETATION OF ANOMALIES: DENSITIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS: GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GRAVITY
SEISMIC METHODS:
SEISMIC WAVES: D’ALAMBERT’ EQUATION: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WAVES: HARMONIC SOLUTION: SPEED OF SEISMIC BODYILY WAVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FERMAT’S PRINCIPLE: PARTITIONINGOF ENERGY AT AN INTERFACE: REFLECTION AND TRASMISSION COEFFICIENTS, TAVEL TIME OF DIRECTLY RAY, REFLECTED RAY AND REFRACTED RAY: TRAVEL TIME CURVE FOR HORIZONTAL REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY OF REFLECTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: GEOMETRY REFRACTION PATH FOR DIPPING REFLECTOR: RELATION BETWEEN REFLECTION AND REFRACTION RAYPATHS ANDTRAVEL TIME CURVES: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION FIELD METHODS AND EQUIPMENT.
INTRODUCTION TO SITE RESPONSE AND GROUND SHAKING ANALYSIS.
RESISTIVITY METHODS
ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDIA: OHM’LAW: CONDUCTOR, DIELECTRIC: POTENTIALS IN HOMOGENEUS MEDIA: ELECTICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK AND MINERALS: CONTINUITY EQUATION: LAPLACE’S EQUATION: DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: RESISTIVITY: RESISTIVITY OF ROCK AND MINERALS. RESISTIVITY OF A POROUSE MEDIA, LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF RESISTIVITY:
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY, ELECTROD ARRAY FOR THE RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT ON THE SUSFACES SOIL: APPARENT RESISTIVITY: WENNER SPREAD: SHLUMBERGER SPREAD: DOUBLE-DIPOLE SPREAD: ELECTRIC DRILLING TWO HORIZONTAL BEDS: EQUIPMENT FOR RESISTIVITY FIELD WORK: INTERPRETATION OF APPARENT RESISTIVITY DATA: TWO LAYER SOIL MODEL AND MULTILAYER SOIL MODEL:
INTRODUCTION TO RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY.

TELFORD W.M. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS FEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. I METODI GRAVIMETRICO E MAGNETICO NELLA GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIFEDI M., RAPOLLA, A. LE INDAGINI GEOFISICHE PER LO STUDIO DEL SOTTOSUOLO METODI GEOELETTRICI E SISMICI, COLLANA GEOFISICA PER L’AMBIENTE ED IL TERRITORIO LIGUORI, NAPOLIMUSSETT, ALAN E., AFTAB KHAN, M. ESPLORAZIONE DEL SOTTOSUOLO. UNA INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOFISICA APPLICATA ZANICHELLI

THE COURSE IS MADE OF THREE MODULES. THE FIRST MODULE PROVIDES THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE STRTIGRAPHIC UNITS ARE DESCRIBED AND THEIR USE IS GAINED DURING THE EXERCISES. THE SECOND MODULE PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY WITH APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS AND TO SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY. THIS MODULE ALSO PROVIDES THE PRINCIPLES OF CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ASTROCHRONOLOGY. THESE CONCEPTS ARE EXAMINED IN CASE STUDIES FROM LITERATURE. THE THIRD MODULE IS DEDICATED TO REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY. STARTING FROM A PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MESOZOIC TETHYAN AREA, AN IDEAL ROUTE TROUGH THE MAIN SEDIMENTARY DOMAINS IS FOLLOWED. IN PARTICULAR, THE MAIN BASIN SUCCESSIONS (LA SPEZIA, TOSCANA, UMBRIA-MARCHE, LAGONEGRO AND MOLISE, IMERESE-SICANO BASIN) ARE EXAMINED. SOME CASES OF PELAGIC CARBONATE PLATFORM AND THE TRANSITION PLATFORM/BASIN OF THE GARGANO SUCCESSION ARE STUDIED TOO. FINALLY, THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LATIUM-ABRUZZI AND DOLOMITES CARBONATE PLATFORMS IS INVESTIGATED.

INTERNATIONAL SUBCOMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF IUGS INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHY
(1976) – INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC GUIDE. SALVADOR A. (ED.)
COE A.L., BOSENCE D.W.J., CHURCH K.D., FLINT S.S., HOWELL J.A., WILSON R.C. (2002) – THE SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF SEA-LEVEL CHANGE. COE A.L. (ED.). THE OPEN UNIVERSITY - CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
EINSELE G., RICKEN W, SEILACHER A. (EDS.) (1991) – CYCLES AND EVENTS IN STRATIGRAPHY. SPRINGER-VERLAG.
GRAHAM WEEDON, 2003. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS AND CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY: EXAMINING STRATIGRAPHIC RECORDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CYCLES. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
ARTICLES FROM LITERATURE

DEFORMATION AND STRAIN; COAXIAL AND NON-COAXIAL DEFORMATION; FINITE AND INCREMENTAL DEFORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENEOUS STRAIN; THE ELLIPSOID OF STRAIN; STRAIN STATES AND QUANTIFICATION OF THE FINITE STRAIN. THE STRESS TENSOR AND THE PRINCIPAL AXES OF STRESS; MOHR'S CIRCLES. PRINCIPLES OF RHEOLOGY: DUCTILE AND BRITTLE DEFORMATION; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; CONSTITUTIVE LAWS AND STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS; NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOUR; CREEP PROCESS IN GEOLOGY; RECOVERY AND RECRYSTALLISATION (STATIC AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLISATION PROCESSES); DEFORMATION MAPS FOR MATERIALS OF GEOLOGICAL INTEREST; RHEOLOGY OF THE OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE. DEFORMATION AND BRITTLE SHEARING: MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERION; THE GRIFFITH CRITERION. ANDERSONIAN FAULTS: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION (STRESS INVERSION). JOINTS AND VEINS. STRUCTURE OF A FAULT ZONE: FAULT CORE AND DAMAGE ZONES; CLASSIFICATION OF FAULT ROCKS. GROWTH OF FAULTS AND THEIR SPATIAL ORGANIZATION; LATERAL PROPAGATION OF FAULTS, OVERLAP, LINKAGE AND ASSOCIATED FRACTURING; KINEMATIC INDICATORS ON FAULT SURFACES; RIEDEL SHEARS (SYNTHETIC AND ANTITHETIC). FAULTS AND EARTHQUAKES: THE TOOLS OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: THE STUDY OF ACTIVE AND EXHUMED SEISMOGENIC FAULTS (PSEUDOTACHYLYTES). DUCTILE DEFORMATION: ROCK FABRICS, PLANO-LINEAR STRUCTURES (FOLIATION AND LINEATION), S; L; S-L TECTONITES AND THEIR TECTONICS SIGNIFICANCE. FOLDING AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION; INTERFERENCE AND OVERPRINTING CRITERIA). DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM: BLASTESIS-DEFORMATION RELATIONSHIPS (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE); DUCTILE SHEAR ZONES (MYLONITES) AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, KINEMATIC CRITERIA (MESO-AND MICRO-SCALE). SHEAR ZONES AND FLUID CIRCULATION: FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION AND THE STRUCTURAL CONTROLS ON HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION. STRUCTURES ASSOCIATION AT REGIONAL SCALE AND THE STYLES OF REGIONAL TECTONICS. EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS (RIFTING): GEOMETRY OF RIFTING; MODELS PURE- AND SIMPLE-SHEAR MODELS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES; RHEOLOGY OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND TYPES OF RIFTING; THE RIFT-DRIFT TRANSITION; RIFTING AND SEDIMENTATION: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEFORMATION, SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION. COMPRESSIONAL TECTONICS: "SUBDUCTION FACTORY" AND OROGENY; DYNAMICS OF OROGENIC SYSTEMS; SUBDUCTION OROGENS, COLLISION AND SUBDUCTION-ACCRETION OROGENS: STRUCTURAL STYLES, THERMO-BARIC REGIMES AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION; THE OROGENIC WEDGE AND ITS DYNAMICS (EVOLUTION AND STYLES OF THRUST-AND-FOLD BELTS). STRIKE-SLIP TECTONICS: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES; STRIKE-SLIP AND TRANSFORM FAULTS; STRIKE-SLIP INTRAPLATE TECTONICS: REGIONAL EXAMPLES. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS: ORE DEPOSITS, GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS AND GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS (EXAMPLES).
DURING THE COURSE PRACTICAL EXERCISES WILL BE CARRIED OUT FOCUSED ON THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STRUCTURAL DATA.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, A WEEK-LONG CAMP IS SCHEDULED AIMED TO FIX THE BASIC CONCEPTS THOUGH ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES IN THE FIELD .

THE BASIC READINGS:
-G. DAVIS, S. REYNOLDS, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF ROCKS AND REGIONS", WILEY, 1996.
-B. A. VAN DER PLUIJM, S. MARSHAK. W.W, "EARTH STRUCTURE" (2ND ED.), NORTON, 2004.
-C. W. PASSCHIER, R. A. J. TROUW, "MICROTECTONICS” (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
COMPLEMENTARY READINGS:
-N. PRICE, J. COSGROVE, "ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES", CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1990.
-R. TWISS, E. M: MOORES, "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY" (2ND ED.), FREEMAN, 2007.
-R. H. GROSHONG, "3-D STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MAP INTERPRETATION" (2ND ED.), SPRINGER, 2006.
-J. SUPPE "PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY", PRENTICE-HALL, 1985.
-W. BURBANK, R. S. ANDERSON "TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY", BLACKWELL, 2005.

ACTIVITY ON THE FIELD FOR A PERIOD OF SEVEN DAYS WEEKLY WITH THE PURPOSE OF FIXING THE BASIC CONCEPTS DISCUSSED OVER THE COURSE AND TO PRESENT IN DIFFERENT STYLES DEFORMATION CONTEXT OF REGIONAL TECTONICS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

TO ADDRESS SOME BASIC NOTIONS RELATIVE TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AS A TOOL FOR RECONSTRUCTING 3D GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL DATA, BOREHOLES INFORMATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BOTH ROCK AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS; SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY, CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS OF THE MAIN REGIONS OF CENTRAL ITALY; GEOMETRICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCKS TO DEFINE THE QUALITY OF ROCK MASSES. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SEISMIC MICROZONATION PURPOSES.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL BE DONE IN FIELD TRIPS LEADED IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS FOR WORKING ON KEY AREAS OF THE CENTRAL APENNINES TO EXPERIENCE THE MAIN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING: TO ANALYSE THE BEDROCK AND THE INCOHERENT QUATERNARY COVERS; TO CHARACTERIZE GEOMETRY AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL THE DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCK MASSES; TO COLLECT SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE.
EACH FIELD TRIP WILL BE PREPARED IN CLASSROOM, LOOKING AT BOTH THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREA. SUBSEQUENTLY, ONE DAY OF FIELD TRIP ALLOW STUDENTS TO COLLECT GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE KEY AREA. LATER ON, DATA COLLECTED WILL BE ANALYSED AND PROCESSED IN THE LAB.
LAB ACTIVITIES WILL BRING STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SURVEYED AREA, TOGETHER WITH SOME THEMATIC MAPS, INCLUDING MAP KEY AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTIONS. FOR EACH FIELD TRIP, STUDENTS WILL PROVIDE, ALSO, A REPORT ON THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL CONCLUDE IN A FIELD SCHOOL FINALIZED TO PRODUCE THEMATIC MAPS AND RECONSTRUCT THE GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE AREA IN REGION OF MEDIUM-HIGH DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY.

SCESI L., PAPINI M., GATTINONI P. – GEOLOGIA APPLICATA: IL RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO-TECNICO. VOL. 1, SECONDA EDIZIONE. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA. CEAEDIZIONI, 2006.
CREMONINI G. - RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO. - ED. PITAGORA, BOLOGNA, 1985.

GEOLOGICAL MAPS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, AERO PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT WILL BE OBJECT OF THE FIELD TRIPS, WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COURSE.

TO ADDRESS SOME BASIC NOTIONS RELATIVE TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AS A TOOL FOR RECONSTRUCTING 3D GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF BOTH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL DATA, BOREHOLES INFORMATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BOTH ROCK AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT MATERIALS; SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY, CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS OF THE MAIN REGIONS OF CENTRAL ITALY; GEOMETRICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCKS TO DEFINE THE QUALITY OF ROCK MASSES. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SEISMIC MICROZONATION PURPOSES.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL BE DONE IN FIELD TRIPS LEADED IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS FOR WORKING ON KEY AREAS OF THE CENTRAL APENNINES TO EXPERIENCE THE MAIN ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND MAPPING: TO ANALYSE THE BEDROCK AND THE INCOHERENT QUATERNARY COVERS; TO CHARACTERIZE GEOMETRY AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL THE DISCONTINUITIES AFFECTING ROCK MASSES; TO COLLECT SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND INCOHERENT PLIO-QUATERNARY COVERS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE SUBSURFACE.
EACH FIELD TRIP WILL BE PREPARED IN CLASSROOM, LOOKING AT BOTH THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREA. SUBSEQUENTLY, ONE DAY OF FIELD TRIP ALLOW STUDENTS TO COLLECT GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE KEY AREA. LATER ON, DATA COLLECTED WILL BE ANALYSED AND PROCESSED IN THE LAB.
LAB ACTIVITIES WILL BRING STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE SURVEYED AREA, TOGETHER WITH SOME THEMATIC MAPS, INCLUDING MAP KEY AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTIONS. FOR EACH FIELD TRIP, STUDENTS WILL PROVIDE, ALSO, A REPORT ON THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THIS COURSE WILL CONCLUDE IN A FIELD SCHOOL FINALIZED TO PRODUCE THEMATIC MAPS AND RECONSTRUCT THE GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE AREA IN REGION OF MEDIUM-HIGH DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY.

SCESI L., PAPINI M., GATTINONI P. – GEOLOGIA APPLICATA: IL RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO-TECNICO. VOL. 1, SECONDA EDIZIONE. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA. CEAEDIZIONI, 2006.
CREMONINI G. - RILEVAMENTO GEOLOGICO. - ED. PITAGORA, BOLOGNA, 1985.
GEOLOGICAL MAPS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, AERO PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT WILL BE OBJECT OF THE FIELD TRIPS, WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COURSE.

INTRODUCTION (SHORT HISTORY OF THE STUDIES IN VOLCANOLOGY; TERMINOLOGY OF THE VOLCANIC PRODUCTS; FACIES ANALYSES OF VOLCANIC DEPOSITS; PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC ROCKS AS KEY- ELEMENTS TO INTERPRET THE EXPLOSIVE AND POST ERUPTIVE PROCESSES IN THE RELATED ENVIRONMENTS).

CLASSIFICATION OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE DEPOSITS. COMPONENTS, TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF VOLCANIC AND VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSITS. CLASSIFICATION OF PYROCLASTIC AND VOLCANOCLASTIC DEPOSITS. DEPOSITIONAL AND EROSIVE PROCESSES IN VOLCANIC AREAS.

MORPHOLOGY OF VOLCANOES: MONOGENETIC AND POLYGENETIC VOLCANOES.

THE PROCESS OF MAGMA RISING: THE EFFUSIVE PROCESS (LAVA FLOWS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS). MAGMA ESSOLUTION AND FRAGMENTATION (THE EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS, STYLES OF MAGMA FRAGMENTATION , RELATED MICRO-TEXTURE).
TRANSPORT AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISM OF THE EFFUSIVE AND EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS AND RELATED DEPOSITS IN SUBAERIAL AND SUBACQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS. BALLISTIC PATHWAYS OF LARGE CLASTS .

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERUPTIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE ERUPTIVE STYLES.

MAIN CONCEPTS OF VOLCANIC HAZARD AND RISK.

FROM MAGMA TO TEPHRA: MODELING PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. EDITED BY ARMIN FREUNDT AND MAURO ROSI, 2000. ELSEVIER.
VOLCANIC SUCCESSIONS. CAS R.A.F. & WRIGHT J.V., 1987. ALLEN & UNWIN
PYROCLASTIC ROCKS R.V. FISHER AND H.-U. SCHMINCKE, 1984. SPRINGER.
ENCICLOPEDIA OF VOLCANOES. EDITED BY HARALDUR SIGURDSSON, BRUCE HOUGHTON, HAZEL RYMER, JOHN STIX, STEVE MCNUTT, 2000. ACADEMIC PRESS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. E.A. PARFITT, L. WILSON 2008. BLACKWELL, OXFORD, PAPERBACK, 256 PAGES, ISBN: 978-0-632-05443-5

ORARIO DI RICEVIMENTO
LUNEDì ORE 11-12

The following topics will be addressed: a) Introduction on experimental modelling: what is an experimental models; history of experimental modeling; overview on the activity realized in worldwide Laboratories of Experimental Tectonics. b) Analogue materials and material properties (this session includes the measurements of material properties); c) Scaling; d) Overview on image analysis techniques; e) Building crustal-scale brittle models for the study of convergent, estensional and transcurrent systems. f) Building mantle-scale viscous models for the study of the subduction process; g) Building visco-elastic models for the study of subduction earthquakes.
All the realized models will be analyzed and modeling results interpreted. Moreover, it will be highlighted potential applications to natural examples.

- Geodynamics: Second Edition, Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
- Mantle Dynamics: Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets, Schubert, G., Turcotte, D. L. and P. Olson, Cambridge University Press, 2001
- Dynamic Earth, Plates, Plumes and Mantle Convection, Davies, G.F., Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Treatise on Geophysics, volumi 1, 3, 6, 7, 9 Ed. Schubert G., Elsevier 2007
- Bibliography given by the instructors during the classes.

All the reference sources are available at library BAST Roma Tre University.

The following topics will be addressed: a) Experimental modelling: introduction; history of experimental modeling; overview on the activity realized in national and international laboratories of Experimental Tectonics. b) Analogue materials and material properties (this session includes the measurements of material properties); c) Scaling; d) Quantifying experimental results; e) Overview on image analysis techniques; f) Exercise with PIVLAB (and intro to MATLAB); g) Building crustal-scale brittle models for the study of convergent, extensional and strike-slip systems. h) Building mantle-scale viscous models for the study of the subduction process; i) Visco-elastic models for the study of subduction earthquakes.
All the realized models will be analyzed and modeling results interpreted. Moreover, it will be highlighted potential applications to natural examples.

- Geodynamics: Second Edition, Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
- Mantle Dynamics: Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets, Schubert, G., Turcotte, D. L. and P. Olson, Cambridge University Press, 2001
- Dynamic Earth, Plates, Plumes and Mantle Convection, Davies, G.F., Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Treatise on Geophysics, volumi 1, 3, 6, 7, 9 Ed. Schubert G., Elsevier 2007
- Bibliography given by the instructors during the classes.

All the reference sources are available at library BAST of Roma Tre University.

INTRODUCTION AND PRINCIPLES. GEODYNAMICS OF PLATE TECTONICS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, PLATE MARGINS, PLATE MOTION AND ROTATION, INTERACTION WITH OCEANS. CONTINUUM MECHANICS APPLIED TO MACRO-SYSTEMS: STRESS AND STRAIN, ELASTICITY, DEFORMATION, FLEXURE, ROCK RHEOLOGY. FAULTING AND EXTENSIONAL FRACTURING. GRAVITY. GEODYNAMICS OF THE EARTH LITHOSPHERE. OVERVIEW OF PLANETARY GEODYNAMICS. APPLICATION OF GEODYNAMICS IN THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL (MINERAL AND ENERGY) RESOURCES.

- GEODYNAMICS: SECOND EDITION, TURCOTTE, D. L. AND SCHUBERT, G., JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK, 2002 (AVAILABLE AT BAST).

REFERENCES PROVIDED DURING THE CLASS

VOLCANISM AND PLATE-TECTONICS; MAGMA-TRIGGERING AND MAGMA-INDUCED STRUCTURES.
- DEFORMATIONS INDUCED BY MAGMATIC ACTIVITY: RISE OF MAGMA THROUGH DIAPIRS; PROPAGATION AND EMPLACEMENT OF DIKES; FORMATION OF SILLS, LACCOLITHS AND MAGMA CHAMBERS; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS IN VOLCANIC AREAS (CALDERAS, RESURGENCES, BRADYSEISMS); SECTOR COLLAPSES OF VOLCANIC EDIFICES; MONITORING OF VOLCANIC AREAS: ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION AND SOURCES.
- REGIONAL CONTROL OF EXTENSIONAL, STRIKE-SLIP AND COMPRESSIVE TECTONICS ON VOLCANISM: CONTINENTAL, TRANSITIONAL AND OCEANIC RIFTS, OBLIQUELY AND ORTHOGONALLY CONVERGENT MARGINS, BACK-ARC BASINS; EARTHQUAKE-VOLCANO INTERACTIONS; HOT SPOTS.
- VOLCANO-TECTONICS AND ERUPTIONS: HAZARD MITIGATION AND APPLICATIONS TO ITALIAN VOLCANOES.
- VOLCANO-TECTONICS AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

1) TECTONIC STRUCTURE GENERAL AREA CIRCUM - MEDITERRANEAN. PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MAIN EVENTS GEODYNAMIC. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS. 2) THE CALEDONIAN AND HERCYNIAN OROGENESIS IN EUROPE; THE CIMMERIAN OROGENESIS. 3) THE PALEOGEOGRAPHICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PALEOTETHYAN AND NEOTETHYAN OCEANS. THE AFRICA-EUROPE KUNEMATICS AND THE OPENING OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN; THE ALPS; THE REGIONAL NAPPE STRUCTURE OF THE ALPS; METAMORPHIC FACIES DISTRIBUTION IN THE ALPINE CHAIN; AGE OF THE SILICICLASTIC FLYSCH DEPOSITS OF THE ALPS. THE WESTERN ALPS: STRUCTURAL SETTING AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE DEFORMATION. THE ALPINE CHAIN: SUBSURFACE DATA FROM SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES CROP-ECORS, NFP20. 4) THE CIRCUM-MEDITERRANEAN REGION: EVOLUTION OF THE METAMORPHIC CORES AND OF THE CHAIN-FOREDEEP SYSTEMS; BACK-ARC BASINS; PRESENT-DAY KINEMATICS.

- AA.VV. – ARTICOLI SCIENTIFICI PUBBLICATI SU RIVISTE NAZIONALI E INTERNAZIONALI, CONSIGLIATI DAL DOCENTE DURANTE IL CORSO.
- AA.VV.- CARTOGRAFIA GEOLOGICA REGIONALE A VARIE SCALE.
- AA.VV. GUIDE GEOLOGICHE REGIONALI, A CURA DELLA SOCIETÀ GEOLOGICA ITALIANA. BE-MA EDITRICE MILANO.
- BALLY A.W., CATALANO R. & OLDOW J. – ELEMENTI DI TETTONICA REGIONALE. PITAGORA EDITRICE BOLOGNA.
- BIGI G., COSENTINO D., PAROTTO M., SARTORI R. & SCANDONE P. (COORDS) – STRUCTURAL MODEL OF ITALY. SHEETS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, AND 6. SCALE 1:500,000. QUADERNI DE “LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA”, 114, VOL. 3. CNR.
- BIGI G., CASTELLARIN A., CATALANO R., COLI M., COSENTINO D., DAL PIAZ G.V., LENTINI F., PAROTTO M., PATACCA E., PRATURLON A., SALVINI F., SARTORI R., SCANDONE P. & VAI G.B. – SYNTHETIC STRUCTURAL-KINEMATIC MAP OF ITALY. SCALE 1:500,000. QUADERNI DE “LA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA”, 114, VOL. 3. CNR.
- GASPERI G. – GEOLOGIA REGIONALE. PITAGORA EDITRICE BOLOGNA.

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

hand-outs provided by the professor

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IS PROPOSED TO STUDENTS WITH THE GOAL TO STIMULATE FROM THEIR SIDE THE SOLUTIONS BY APPLICATIONS WHICH AIM AT DEFINING, IN TERMS OF GEOLOGICAL, ISSUES FOR PROJECT WORKS AND MITIGATION OF GEOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT.
THIS LEARNING FIELDWORK IS INTEGRATED BY MEETINGS WITH LOCAL PROFESSIONAL FIRMS AND THE REPRESENTATIVES OF LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES.
THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES INCLUDE SEMINARS ON RELATED TOPICS.
THE EVALUATION ACTS BY A POWER POINT REPORT DONE FROM A RESTRICTED GROUP OF STUDENTS.


My contribution deals with:

Geochemical composition of main springs and its interpretation to reconstruct hydrogeological circuits
Soil gas (radon) measurements: geochemical prospecting and environmental hazard

VARIOUS MATERIAL PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

Structure of silicate melts. Effect of temperature pressure and composition of the structural configuration of silicate melts. Glass transition temperature and relaxation times.
Chemical and physical properties of magma: density, viscosity, volatile solubility, diffusivity, compressibility and electrical conductivities of magmas. Termodynamic properties of magmas: enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity. Effect of chemical composition, temperature and pressure on the density and viscosity of magmas. The influence of degassing crystallization and deformation regime on the rheological properties of magmas.
Control of the physical and chemical properties on the ascent of magma and on the eruptive style of volcanoes.
Magma ascent: Nucleation and growth of bubbles. Crystallization processes. Fragmentation criteria and magma explosivity. Evolution of physical parameters of magma and flow dynamics during magma ascent
Lava flows: Types of lava flows and rheological control of lava flow geometry. Lava flow motion and effects of ground slope.
Explosive eruptions: Influence of physical parameters on eruptive styles. Steady explosive eruptions: eruption plumes formation. Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes and unstable eruption columns. Formation of piroclastic density currents.
The course will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of iuvenile products (cristallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.

FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. ELISABETH A. PARFITT AND LIONEL WILSON. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
Material furnished by the Professor