Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures.

Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008.

The approach of the Laboratory is applied and inter-disciplinary. The learning objectives are focused on the development of professional capacities in applied economics, with a planning that alternates lectures, practical classes and seminars with external experts.Students will acquire skills in the subsequent fields of applied economics:a) definition and interpretation of the main macroeconomic indicators; analysis of statistical sources and institutional reporting about the Italian and European Union economies;b) territorial and sectoral analysis;c) tools and methods for economic policies and planning, and application to public choices.In the current edition the seminars devoted to monographic in-depth analysis will concern these topics: the productive structure of the Italian economy and different interpretations of its points of strength and of weakness; European economic governance and national cycle of budget decision; territorial analysis of the Italian economy; services of general economic interest and public utilities: markets and regulation, with specific analysis for public transport, energy production, production and distribution of electric and gas power; relations between banks and industries in Italy; the new Cassa Depositi e Prestiti and public investment in infrastructures and industrial strategic activities in Italy; industrial policies in the Latium Region.An integrant part of the course, that constitutes element for final evaluation, is the drafting, by each student, of a research report (a written report or an exercise in applied economics or other types of monograph study chosen with the agreement of professors).The particular structure of the Laboratory requires the compulsory attendance to lectures and seminars.

The reference material is constituted mainly by reports and data bases of national and international public and research institutions (Istat, Bank of Italy, European Commission, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, etc.) and by reading lists for the thematic seminars.It will be indicated during the classes and made available for students through the website of the course.

- The information system for the managerial decision-making process
- Development of planning and budgeting functions
- The decision-making process
- Strategic planning: definition of strategy, levels of strategy (corporate strategy, business area/unit strategy, business strategy), phases of the strategic process, portfolio analysis, portfolio matrix, critical success factors
- Models of organizational growth and development. Planning topics: external growth and globalization, flexibility, just in time model, outsourcing, total quality management, cost leadership, business process reengineering, benchmarking
- From strategic planning to budgeting. The budget and its elements.
- A systemic approach to control: goals and principles. Operating control, managerial control and strategic control. Effectiveness and efficiency: definitions and indicators.
- Control requirements: methods, accounting systems (financial accounting, cost accounting, standard cost, budget, variance analysis) and organizational structure (responsibility centers). Costing systems: Direct costing - full costing Activity Based Costing.
- Reporting. Performance Evaluation Models (Balanced Scorecard, Performance Prism, Common Assessment Framework)
- Case Study

- Garrison, Norreen, Brewer, Managerial Accounting (13th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition)
- Slides and articles on the website

- THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
- DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING FUNCTIONS
- THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
- STRATEGIC PLANNING: DEFINITION OF STRATEGY, LEVELS OF STRATEGY (CORPORATE STRATEGY, BUSINESS AREA/UNIT STRATEGY, BUSINESS STRATEGY), PHASES OF THE STRATEGIC PROCESS, PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS, PORTFOLIO MATRIX, CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
- MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PLANNING TOPICS: EXTERNAL GROWTH AND GLOBALIZATION, FLEXIBILITY, JUST IN TIME MODEL, OUTSOURCING, TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, COST LEADERSHIP, BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING, BENCHMARKING)
- FROM STRATEGIC PLANNING TO OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMING. BUDGET AND ITS ELEMENTS
- A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO CONTROL: GOALS AND PRINCIPLES. OPERATING CONTROL, MANAGERIAL CONTROL AND STRATEGIC CONTROL. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY: DEFINITIONS AND INDICATORS.
- CONTROL REQUIREMENTS: METHODS, ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS (FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, COST ACCOUNTING, STANDARD COST, BUDGET, VARIANCE ANALYSIS) AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (RESPONSIBILITY CENTERS)
- REPORTING. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MODELS (BALANCED SCORECARD, PERFORMANCE PRISM, COMMON ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK, PERFORMANCE EVALUATION CYCLE)

- TERZANI S., LINEAMENTI DI PIANIFICAZIONE E CONTROLLO, CEDAM, PADOVA, 1999
- BASTIA P., SISTEMI DI PIANIFICAZIONE E CONTROLLO, IL MULINO, BOLOGNA, 2008
- GARRISON R., NOREEN E., PROGRAMMAZIONE E CONTROLLO. MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING PER LE DECISIONI AZIENDALI, MCGRAW-HILL, MILANO
- ANTHONY R.N., HAWKINS D.F., MACRÌ D.M., MERCHANT K.A., SISTEMI DI CONTROLLO. ANALISI ECONOMICHE PER LE DECISIONI AZIENDALI, MCGRAW-HILL, MILANO
- COURSE NOTES AND HANDOUTS

- The information system for the managerial decision-making process
- Development of planning and budgeting functions
- The decision-making process
- Strategic planning: definition of strategy, levels of strategy (corporate strategy, business area/unit strategy, business strategy), phases of the strategic process, portfolio analysis, portfolio matrix, critical success factors
- Models of organizational growth and development. Planning topics: external growth and globalization, flexibility, just in time model, outsourcing, total quality management, cost leadership, business process reengineering, benchmarking
- From strategic planning to budgeting. The budget and its elements.
- A systemic approach to control: goals and principles. Operating control, managerial control and strategic control. Effectiveness and efficiency: definitions and indicators.
- Control requirements: methods, accounting systems (financial accounting, cost accounting, standard cost, budget, variance analysis) and organizational structure (responsibility centers). Costing systems: Direct costing - full costing Activity Based Costing.
- Reporting. Performance Evaluation Models (Balanced Scorecard, Performance Prism, Common Assessment Framework)
- Case Study

- Garrison, Norreen, Brewer, Managerial Accounting (13th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition)
- Slides and articles on the website

- THE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
- DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING FUNCTIONS
- THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
- STRATEGIC PLANNING: DEFINITION OF STRATEGY, LEVELS OF STRATEGY (CORPORATE STRATEGY, BUSINESS AREA/UNIT STRATEGY, BUSINESS STRATEGY), PHASES OF THE STRATEGIC PROCESS, PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS, PORTFOLIO MATRIX, CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
- MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PLANNING TOPICS: EXTERNAL GROWTH AND GLOBALIZATION, FLEXIBILITY, JUST IN TIME MODEL, OUTSOURCING, TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, COST LEADERSHIP, BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING, BENCHMARKING)
- FROM STRATEGIC PLANNING TO OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMING. BUDGET AND ITS ELEMENTS
- A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO CONTROL: GOALS AND PRINCIPLES. OPERATING CONTROL, MANAGERIAL CONTROL AND STRATEGIC CONTROL. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY: DEFINITIONS AND INDICATORS.
- CONTROL REQUIREMENTS: METHODS, ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS (FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, COST ACCOUNTING, STANDARD COST, BUDGET, VARIANCE ANALYSIS) AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE (RESPONSIBILITY CENTERS)
- REPORTING. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MODELS (BALANCED SCORECARD, PERFORMANCE PRISM, COMMON ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK, PERFORMANCE EVALUATION CYCLE)

- TERZANI S., LINEAMENTI DI PIANIFICAZIONE E CONTROLLO, CEDAM, PADOVA, 1999
- BASTIA P., SISTEMI DI PIANIFICAZIONE E CONTROLLO, IL MULINO, BOLOGNA, 2008
- GARRISON R., NOREEN E., PROGRAMMAZIONE E CONTROLLO. MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING PER LE DECISIONI AZIENDALI, MCGRAW-HILL, MILANO
- ANTHONY R.N., HAWKINS D.F., MACRÌ D.M., MERCHANT K.A., SISTEMI DI CONTROLLO. ANALISI ECONOMICHE PER LE DECISIONI AZIENDALI, MCGRAW-HILL, MILANO
- COURSE NOTES AND HANDOUTS

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures.

Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008.

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures.

Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008.