Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions (part 2)”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which women are fundamental, and even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

Institutions in the Greek poleis of the Hellenistic period (with a focus on the poleis of Asia Minor).

The course aims to offer:
(1) an introduction to the Hellenistic world (2 lessons);
(2) an introduction to the world of the Greek poleis at that time and to the new phenomenon of royalty (2 lessons);
(3) in-depth lessons on the relationship between poleis and sovereigns (5 lessons);
(4) in-depth lessons on the hellenistic poleis’ political institutions (in the aspects of continuity and evolution), the role of the élite, and the intense mutual interconnection between poleis, made of diplomatic relations, exchange of honors and judges, recognition of syngeneia, common participation in cults (9-10 lessons);
(5) the presentation by the students of some topics related to the course and agreed with the teacher.

The topics will be addressed taking into account literary, epigraphic, archaeological and iconographic sources.
During the lessons an introduction to the main databases of Greek literary texts and inscriptions and to the most important bibliographic research tools will also be made.

A) M. Mari (a cura di), L’età ellenistica. Società, politica, cultura, Roma, Carocci Editore, 2019 (intero volume).
B) J. Ma, “Peer Polity Interaction in the Hellenistic Age”, P&P, 180, 9-40.
C) A. Chaniotis, “The Divinity of Hellenistic Ruler”, in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford 2003, 431-445.
D) L. Moretti, La scuola, il ginnasio, l’efebia, in R. Bianchi Bandinelli (dir.), Storia e civiltà dei Greci, 8. La società ellenistica. Economia, diritto, religione, Milano 1977, 469-490.
E) Two essays chosen from the following ones:
- essays by John Ma, Riet van Bremen, Patrice Baker, David Potter in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford 2003;
- Chr. Müller, “Oligarchy and the Hellenistic City”, in H. Börm – N. Luraghi (eds.), The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart, F. Steiner Verlag, 2018, 27-52.
F) Material provided by the teacher.

The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

Bibliography

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allostudio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna, 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237-426. (reprint 2010).
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

It is recommended to attend the lectures.

Further bibliographic references and other didactic materials (in particular texts by classical authors, transcriptions of inscriptions, images) will be provided during the lectures.

STUDENTS 509/99 – Bibliographic references and didactic materials should be discussed with the Supervisor.

Ancient Christian History LM (6 ECTS = 1 module of History of Christianity and Churches LM 12 ECTS (II module = Christianity and Globalization)

Motherhood in the Ancient Christian World

Motherhood is not merely an individual experience for a woman or something confined within the narrow confines of the family circle. In the ancient world, as in any era, it is profoundly influenced by the surrounding society and culture, becoming an institution that reflects ideologies and theological visions. This course, through the presentation of some significant Christian women who lived between ancient and medieval times, aims to explore various aspects of motherhood.
How do women narrate their experiences of motherhood?
What paradigms of motherhood are conveyed by sources that represent maternity?
What theological reflection on motherhood did Christianity develop between antiquity and the Middle Ages? How did the idea of spiritual motherhood emerge even in the absence of biological children? How are the ideals of virginity and motherhood reconciled? What role does the model of Mary play? How can the Church be considered a mother?
Attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended: the instructor will also provide recorded lectures. During the course, methods of assessing proficiency will include interaction between the instructor and students, as well as the written elaboration (and possible in-class presentation) of a research paper.
II Module, Matteo mennini
LGBT believers and queer theologies in Christian churches from the 1960s to today

The sexual experience and conjugal life have represented the terrain on which the Christian churches have opposed the greatest resistance to the social and cultural transformations from the late modern age to the most recent processes of secularization. The question of the relationship between Christian faith and homosexuality, especially in the contemporary age, has triggered a lot of short circuits between the official positions of the Churches and those experiences that have favored the visibility and acceptance of LGBT believers signed by a new pastoral sensitivity and a theological thought attentive to accepting the requests coming from the social sciences and from the movements that claim full civil rights for homosexual people. In some Christian churches, at an official level, homosexuality was considered unnatural and out of the norm, an obstacle to the natural function of generation and to marriage. But the agency of LGBT Christian groups certifies the possibility of reconciliation with the institution and comes to the attention of the historian as a new religious subjectivity.
The course of study will address the topic by proposing a three-phase path: a) to offer a historical overview of the positions taken by the Christian Churches in the twentieth century on a global level on the question of homosexuality, in particular the Catholic and Protestant Churches; b) to analyze some pastoral experiences of groups and movements formed by LGBT Christians since the 1960s, especially in the United States, France and Italy, with the support of recent sociological studies; c) to follow the evolution of the so-called "queer theology", starting from the studies on the relationship between faith and homosexuality up to the most recent contributions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
For Attendees:
Compilation of texts and studies provided by the instructor
Written thesis on a topic of your choice

For Non-Attendees:
A book of your choice from the following options:

M. G. Muzzarelli, Madri. Madri mancate. Quasi madri. Sei storie medievali, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2021
C.W. ATKINSON, The Oldest Vocation: Christian Motherhood in the medieval West, Cornell University Press, 1991
Sanctity and Motherhood. Essays on Holy Mothers in the Middle Ages, ed. by A.B. MULDER-BAKKER, New York-London, Routledge, 1995
R. Franchi (ed.), Dalla Grande Madre alla Madre: la maternità nel mondo classico e cristiano: miti e modelli, vol. 3. Dalla Bibbia ai Padri della Chiesa, Torino, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2019

The following contributions (contact carla.noce@uniroma3.it for a PDF copy):

E. Prinzivalli, Maternità e madri nel pensiero e nella prassi sociale del cristianesimo antico in Eastern Theological Journal 2 (2016) 2, 175–202
A. BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI, Madri sante nella letteratura medioevale in La maternità spirituale nel cristianesimo antico, in Santa Monica nell’Urbe dalla Tarda antichità al Rinascimento. Storia, Agiografia, Arte. Atti del Convegno Ostia antica-Roma 29-30 settembre 2010, a cura di M. Chiabò, M. Gargano, R. Ronzani, Centro Culturale Agostiniano-Roma nel Rinascimento, Roma 2011, pp. 53-111

Notices

Non-attending students are invited to agree on the program with the professor.

First semester.
Hours: 6 hours/week: Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, from 12 to 14 h, Sala riunioni di Mondo Antico.
Beginning of the course: Monday 9 October 2023.

Course title 2023-2024: The "Protogospel of James" and its transformations.

Traditions about the birth and infancy of Jesus are found not only in canonical gospels (Matthew, Luke), but also in apocryphal writings, which are interesting for their content and transmission phenomena, typical of texts that do not have a status of authority. In the course, one of the oldest works will be explored in depth, according to various perspectives of investigation, and with the active involvement of students: the Nativity of Mary, better known as the Protogospel of James, from which descends the Gospel "of the Pseudo-Matthew," fundamental in the West for piety about the Virgin's childhood and the Lord's birth.
The course has a seminar character and involves the active participation of students.

Lecture materials (including critical editions of texts read in class) will be provided by the teacher.

General section.
For students who have never taken an exam in Ancient Christian Literature: M. SIMONETTI - E. PRINZIVALLI, Storia della letteratura cristiana antica, Bologna: EDB, 2022.
For students who have already taken exams in Ancient Christian Literature: H.Y. GAMBLE, Libri e lettori nella chiesa antica, Brescia: Paideia, 2006.

Presentation of the essential notions of the typology, such as the relationship between typology and universals, the notion of 'type' at the various levels of analysis, and the relationship of typology with sociolinguistics, language teaching, areal and genetic comparison. Deepening of the mechanisms and explanations of linguistic change, also from the typological perspective. Special reflection on the concepts of grammaticalization and reanalysis. Case study on the diachronic typology of the perfect.

Grandi, N., 2003, Fondamenti di tipologia linguistica, Roma, Carocci.
Napoli, M., 2019, Linguistica diacronica, Roma Carocci.

The Course aimed to provide a geographically wider overview of the catacombs of Italy, analysing in detail those of Umbria and Tuscany.

Text:
M. Braconi, D. Cascianelli, G. Ferri (edd.), Semel pro semper. Trent’anni di ricerche della Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra nelle catacombe d’Italia. Atti dell’incontro di studio in memoria di Fabrizio Bisconti (Roma, 14 ottobre 2022), Città del Vaticano 2023.

Not attending students should agree a bibliography with the professor.

Ceramic productions in mainland Greece between the 7th and early 4th centuries will be analyzed, specifying iconographic and technical aspects: from the reading of figurative themes, to working techniques and the organization of work in the workshops. TLectures will be accompanied by didactic field trips with thematic insights and classroom activities

The bibliography will be discussed during the first lessons.

Second semester
Timetable: Wednesday, 5-8 pm (Aula 25); Thursday, 8-10 am (Aula 2 ex Italianistica)
Start date: February 28, 2024

Title of the class: Between Antiquity and Byzantium: Synesius of Cyrene, Neoplatonic Philosopher and Christian Bishop (“Eppure quale realtà è più reale in sé/ che nella sua trasformazione in altro – potrei quasi ripetere a memoria./ E non è altro, è la sua profondità medesima – anche questo non devo impararlo”, Mario Luzi)

The class shall deal with an emblematic figure of Late Antiquity: Synesius of Cyrene. After being a student of the pagan philosopher Hypatia at her school in Alexandria in the 390s, Synesius was consecrated bishop of Ptolemais by the intransigent patriarch Theophilus in 411 AD. With the exception of a few introductory lectures, each meeting shall be devoted to the analysis of a specific aspect of the author’s cultural legacy – which ranges from parenetics to literary criticism, from the philosophy of history to sacred poetry – with a particular focus on his work On Dreams.

MANDATORY TEXTS:
- Neil, B., “Synesius of Cyrene on Dreams as a Pathway to the Divine”, Phronema 30/2 (2015), pp. 19-36.
- Viltanioti, I.-F., “Synesius of Cyrene: Philosophy and Poetry ʻSharing the Same Templeʼ”, in Edwards, M. J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Philosophy, Routledge, Abingdon-New York 2020, pp. 528-548.

Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions (part 2)”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which women are fundamental, and even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

Aristotle's Metaphysics Book 4:
1: The science of being
2: The principles of contradiction and of the excluded middle
3: Dialectic and philosophy

[a] Aristotele, Metafisica, con testo originale a fronte, Traduzione, introduzione e note di Enrico Berti, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2017, pp. 127-183.
Aristotle, Metaphysics: Books Γ, Δ, and Ε, Translated with Notes by Christopher Kirwan, Oxford 1998, pp. 76-121 (Metaphysics Book Gamma: Notes).

Michael W. Wedin, “The Science and Axioms of Being”, in G. Anagnostopoulos, A Companion to Aristotle, Blackwell, Oxford 2009, pp. 125-143.

Cohen, S. Marc and C. D. C. Reeve, "Aristotle’s Metaphysics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/

Gottlieb, Paula, "Aristotle on Non-contradiction", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/aristotle-noncontradiction/

[b] Students are required to prepare a paper (3.000 words ca.) on one of the topics listed below:

i: Being and Existence

Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen, “Aristotle on the Snares of Ontology”, in R. Bambrough (ed.), New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, London-New York 2013 (1965), pp. 69-95.
Stephen Menn, “Aristotle on the Many Senses of Being”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 59 (2021), pp. 187–263.

ii: Metaphysics and Logic

Alan Code, “Aristotle’s investigation of a basic logical principle”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16 (1986), pp. 341–358.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§§ 1-3)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 1 (2007), pp. 123-169.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§ 4)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 2 (2008), pp. 159-187.

War and Peace in Renaissance Literature

Renaissance is first and foremost an age of war, in which war enters powerfully into everyday life with a violence hitherto unknown and, by contrast, the past is mythologized as an age of peace and prosperity. The course will follow representations of war and peace in Renaissance literature, focusing primarily on epic-chivalric literature, which makes war its driving force (Pulci, Boiardo, Ariosto, Tasso, and also examples of other forms of octava rima such as war poems), but also examining historical works (Machiavelli and Guicciardini) and theatrical works (Ruzante’s Parlamento).

Syllabus for attending students

Handouts supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici:
- excerpts from: Luigi Pulci, Morgante; Matteo Maria Boiardo, Inamoramento de Orlando; Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando furioso; Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata; Niccolò Machiavelli, L’arte della guerra; Francesco Guicciardini, Storia d’Italia; Ruzante, Parlamento di Ruzante che l’era vegnù de campo;
-critical bibliography

Syllabus for not-attendig students

Non-attending students are required to add to the syllabus:
- Nicolò Maldina, Ariosto e la battaglia della Polesella: guerra e poesia nella Ferrara di inizio Cinquecento, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2016
-additional handouts provided by the professor, downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici

This course focuses on practice of teaching Latin language in the schools with reference to morphology, metrical analysis and prose text translation

Didactic handouts available on the teacher's online page

SENTENCE AS A TRUE SIGN
The course deals with the syntax of contemporary Italian, with particular reference to the complex sentence and its constituent parts. Through the observation of the functioning of the structures of Italian, students will acquire full awareness of syntactic mechanisms, improve their grammatical and linguistic knowledge and identify the most appropriate methodologies for the treatment of the sentence in L1 and L2 teaching.

Linguistica e testi letterari. Modelli, strumenti e analisi, a cura di Sveva Frigerio, Roma, Carocci, 2022.
Handouts available on the Teams platform.

The course is dedicated to the history and evolution of a particular genre of literary criticism: the Lectura Dantis. After a first part of lessons dedicated to focusing on the particular critical genre, some examples of Lectura Dantis will be presented and analysed. During the course, in addition to a series of seminar activities, students will be asked to produce their own Lectura Dantis.

Dante Alighieri, Inferno (any edition; a good one is that edited by Giorgio Inglese for the pubblisher Carocci).

The Course aimed to provide a geographically wider overview of the catacombs of Italy, analysing in detail those of Umbria and Tuscany.

Text:
M. Braconi, D. Cascianelli, G. Ferri (edd.), Semel pro semper. Trent’anni di ricerche della Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra nelle catacombe d’Italia. Atti dell’incontro di studio in memoria di Fabrizio Bisconti (Roma, 14 ottobre 2022), Città del Vaticano 2023.

Not attending students should agree a bibliography with the professor.

On the basis of documents and contemporary testimonies to the different linguistic phenomena, the course will illustrate some aspects of linguistic communication in Latin, considered in its diachronic development (from protohistory to the Romance) and in its various registers (standard and informal). The reading and analysis of texts in prose and in poetry is aimed at providing the tools to grasp the specificities of the historical evolution of the Latin language and to identify its morphosyntactic and stylistic peculiarities. For this purpose the course consists of:
(1) A number of lessons minded in particular to offer an overview of the history of the Latin language from its origins up to the 6th century A.D., through the reconstruction of its evolution in the dimension of language of everyday use and literary language;
(2) Setting, reading, italian translation and commentary of a text in prose and a text in poetry:
a) Anonimus Caesarianus, Bellum Africum, selected chapters;
b) Lucanus, Pharsalia, book IX, selected verses.

As far as point 1:
- (a) F. Berardi, Le vie del latino. Storia della lingua latina con elementi di grammatica storica, Galatina, Congedo Editore, 2021 (2a ediz.).
- (b) Further bibliography and tools about the texts in the syllabus will be given during the course, and made available on line at Teams of the course.

As far as point 2:
- (a) Anonimo Cesariano, La guerra d'Africa (Bellum Africum), traduzione e note a cura di C. Cioffi, Firenze, Le Monnier, 2022.
- (b) Lucano, Pharsalia o la Guerra civile, saggio introduttivo a c. di P. Esposito, nuova traduzione a c. di N. Lanzarone, commento a c. di Valentino D’Urso, Milano, Rusconi, 2022 (soltanto il libro I).

Non-attending students will integrate the program with the individual study of the following text:

- Elena Malaspina, La comunicazione linguistica in latino. Testimonianze e documenti, Seconda edizione riveduta e ampliata con la collaborazione di Ermanno Malaspina, Alessandria, Ediz. dell’Orso, 2014.

First semester.
Hours: 6 hours/week: Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, from 12 to 14 h, Sala riunioni di Mondo Antico.
Beginning of the course: Monday 9 October 2023.

Course title 2023-2024: The "Protogospel of James" and its transformations.

Traditions about the birth and infancy of Jesus are found not only in canonical gospels (Matthew, Luke), but also in apocryphal writings, which are interesting for their content and transmission phenomena, typical of texts that do not have a status of authority. In the course, one of the oldest works will be explored in depth, according to various perspectives of investigation, and with the active involvement of students: the Nativity of Mary, better known as the Protogospel of James, from which descends the Gospel "of the Pseudo-Matthew," fundamental in the West for piety about the Virgin's childhood and the Lord's birth.
The course has a seminar character and involves the active participation of students.

Lecture materials (including critical editions of texts read in class) will be provided by the teacher.

General section.
For students who have never taken an exam in Ancient Christian Literature: M. SIMONETTI - E. PRINZIVALLI, Storia della letteratura cristiana antica, Bologna: EDB, 2022.
For students who have already taken exams in Ancient Christian Literature: H.Y. GAMBLE, Libri e lettori nella chiesa antica, Brescia: Paideia, 2006.

The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of Latin and Greek manuscripts, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, both the external characteristics of manuscripts will be examined (material techniques for the preparation of the book as a physical object, methods and tools for its preparation, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), and the cultural panorama of the times and places of origin of manuscript books. Therefore, each aspect will be illustrated by choosing a reference manuscript witness.
This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Second semester
Timetable: Wednesday, 5-8 pm (Aula 25); Thursday, 8-10 am (Aula 2 ex Italianistica)
Start date: February 28, 2024

Title of the class: Between Antiquity and Byzantium: Synesius of Cyrene, Neoplatonic Philosopher and Christian Bishop (“Eppure quale realtà è più reale in sé/ che nella sua trasformazione in altro – potrei quasi ripetere a memoria./ E non è altro, è la sua profondità medesima – anche questo non devo impararlo”, Mario Luzi)

The class shall deal with an emblematic figure of Late Antiquity: Synesius of Cyrene. After being a student of the pagan philosopher Hypatia at her school in Alexandria in the 390s, Synesius was consecrated bishop of Ptolemais by the intransigent patriarch Theophilus in 411 AD. With the exception of a few introductory lectures, each meeting shall be devoted to the analysis of a specific aspect of the author’s cultural legacy – which ranges from parenetics to literary criticism, from the philosophy of history to sacred poetry – with a particular focus on his work On Dreams.

MANDATORY TEXTS:
- Neil, B., “Synesius of Cyrene on Dreams as a Pathway to the Divine”, Phronema 30/2 (2015), pp. 19-36.
- Viltanioti, I.-F., “Synesius of Cyrene: Philosophy and Poetry ʻSharing the Same Templeʼ”, in Edwards, M. J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Philosophy, Routledge, Abingdon-New York 2020, pp. 528-548.

Judeophobia in the Roman Empire

The course is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the ways in which
the Roman world was confronted with the Jewish culture and religion in the
first three centuries of the Empire.

G. Geraci-A. Marcone, Storia romana (editio maior), Le Monnier, Firenze 2017
A. Angius- P. Arena- A. Marcone- Fonti per la storia romana. Economia, cultura, società, Carocci, Roma, 2023.
Giulio Firpo, Le rivolte giudaiche, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2023
P. Schäfer- Giudeofobia: L'antisemitismo nel mondo antico, Carocci, Roma 2011
A. Marcone- Vespasiano, Salerno, Roma 2024

Course title:
The pseudo-Augustinian treatise De spiritu et anima (late 12th-early 13th century).

Course description:
First of all, the course intends to outline, in broad terms, the developments of a theme - that of the soul - dear to the tradition of Western thought since its beginnings, and capable, in addition to incessantly nourishing high-level philosophical and religious reflection, also to have a singular impact on mentalities, on the imaginary, on life conduct, on the self-perception and representation of man in Western culture, and in particular in the Latin Middle Ages. A work will then be analyzed - the De spiritu et anima - of uncertain attribution, datable between the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century, which enjoyed great success in the Middle Ages, and which - due to its eclectic character, but not lacking of originality - is well suited to provide a complex and problematic status quaestionis on the subject, before the most complete elaborations of Scholasticism. - As part of the module will also be activated exercises designed to guide the knowledge and use of the main electronic resources for the study and research on the Latin authors of the Middle Ages.

- Alcherus Claraeuallensis (dubium) [= ps. Augustinus], De spiritu et anima, PL 40, coll. 779-832.
- Anima e corpo nella cultura medievale, a cura di C. Casagrande e S. Vecchio, Ed. SISMEL, Firenze 1999 (Millennio medievale, 15).

The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of Latin and Greek manuscripts, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, both the external characteristics of manuscripts will be examined (material techniques for the preparation of the book as a physical object, methods and tools for its preparation, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), and the cultural panorama of the times and places of origin of manuscript books. Therefore, each aspect will be illustrated by choosing a reference manuscript witness.
This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Early Christian buildings and the mosaic decorations in the Italian peninsula (4th-6th century)

The aim of the course is to reconstruct the diffusion and the characteristics of the mosaic production of the Early Christian buildings in the main centers of the peninsula between the 4th and 6th centuries.
The study will focus on archaeological, iconographic, stylistic and artistic issues.
The course includes visits.

Book:
F. Bisconti, A. Nestori, I mosaici paleocristiani di Santa Maria Maggiore negli acquerelli della collezione Wilpert, Città del Vaticano 2000.
Papers:
F. Bisconti, Imprese musive paleocristiane negli edifici di culto dell’Italia Meridionale, in Atti del IV Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Palermo 9-13 dicembre 1996, Tivoli 1997, pp. 733-746.
F. Bisconti, M. Braconi, Il mosaico parietale nella Roma paleocristiana: dalla committenza imperiale ai programmi pontifici, in XII Colloquio AIEMA, Venezia 11-15 settembre 2012, Verona 2015, pp. 47-55.
F. Bisconti, Napoli. Catacombe di San Gennaro. Cripta dei vescovi. Restauri ultimi, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 91 (2015), pp. 7-34.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici cristiani della tarda antichità. Orizzonti figurativi e programmi iconografici, in G. Castiglia, Ph. Pergola (ed.), Instrumentum Domesticum. Archeologia Cristiana, temi, metodologie e cultura materiale della tarda antichità e dell’alto medioevo, Città del Vaticano 2020, pp. 483-527.
Ulteriori indicazioni bibliografiche saranno fornite durante il corso.

Not attending student must add:
F. Bisconti, Temi di iconografia paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000, Introduzione (pp. 13-86) e 20 voci a scelta.

"Painting in the Ancient Rome" - The course aims to show the development of Roman artistic production, between the middle republican age and the early Constantinian age, in particular classes of materials chosen from year to year. The theme of the 2023/2024 course is painting, and classroom lessons are necessarily accompanied by educational visits to museums, monuments and sites, in Rome and the surrounding area, that still offer the opportunity to appreciate this form of artistic expression, which has also influenced later european art, both for continuity and for rediscovery by the Renaissance artists

1. lecture notes
2. exhibition catalog "Roma. La pittura di un impero", Stefano Tortorella, Serena Ensoli, Eugenio La Rocca (eds.), Skira
3. Stella Falzone, Ornata Aedificia. Pitture parietali delle case ostiensi, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato

1453: Notes from Underground (“La chute de Constantinople est un malheur personnel qui nous est arrivé la semaine dernière”, Antoine Bibesco)

The Byzantine Philology LM module, which is designed for students of Philology, Literature and History of Antiquity, will be devoted to a careful reading of the most relevant sources - from both a historical and a specifically poliorcetic point of view - of the fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453.
The course will provide a topographical overview of the Eastern capital before attempting a reconstruction of the phases of the long siege that brought an end, at least politically, to the eleven centuries of 'Byzantine life' in Constantinople. The analysis of the events will be carried out, first of all, through a comparative reading of 'official' sources of both sides in the field, i.e. the Byzantine (George Sphrantzes, Doukas, Critoboulus, Laonikos Chalkokondyles) and the Western ones (Isidore of Kiev, Leonardo di Chio, Niccolò Barbaro, Angelo Giovanni Lomellino, Ubertino Pusculo), but also the Ottoman ones (Tursun Beg and Ibn Kemâl). At a later stage, however, the exegesis of this first group of sources will be supplemented by the examination of lesser-known testimonies whose origins can more likely be traced to intelligence circles. Aside from being extremely valuable for reconstructing the last, decisive hours of the siege, they are also extremely useful for understanding how such an event influenced the entire Mediterranean geopolitical environment. By participating in such an exegetical work, which is partially interactive, students have direct access to the research activity carried out by the chair of Byzantinistics at Roma Tre on the fall of Constantinople.
For the conclusion of the course, students will have the opportunity to attend an educational trip to Patmos (May 1-6, 2024), organized in collaboration with the Byzantine Chair of the Saras Department at the Sapienza University of Rome. The main purpose of the event will be to present on site to the participants various elements illustrated during the course of the lectures, with special emphasis on the celebration of the Orthodox Easter (η Μεγάλη Εβδομάδα).

MANDATORY TEXTS:

- S. Ronchey, Lo Stato bizantino, Torino, Einaudi, 2002
- A. Pertusi (a c. di), La caduta di Costantinopoli, 2 voll., Fondazione Lorenzo Valla / Mondadori, Milano 1976

1453: The 55 days that Changed the World (“Ci sono luoghi in cui la storia è inevitabile come un incidente automobilistico — luoghi in cui la geografia provoca la storia. Uno è Istanbul, alias Costantinopoli, alias Bisanzio”. Iosif Brodskij)

Byzantine History and Civilisation LM module, which primarily targets Art History; Archaeology; Religions, Cultures, History; History and Society; Philology, Literatures and History of Antiquity students, examines the fall of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks on 29 May 1453, following fifty-five days of siege led by the young and ambitious Sultan Mehmet II Fatih.
A topographical survey of the Byzantine capital will be provided in the course: Using maps, a faithful reconstruction of the city on the eve of its fall will be presented, highlighting the defensive structures, including the great Theodosian walls, the sea walls around the Sea of Marmara and the Golden Horn, and the walls surrounding the imperial palace of the Blacherne.; finally, the harbour, which was barred to enemy ships in the event of an attack by stretching a long chain from Constantinople to Pera/Galata in front). After that, the course will clearly reconstruct the various phases of the siege and the final battle, illustrating the findings of the research conducted by the chair of Byzantinistics at Roma Tre and corroborated by articles published and presentations given in national and international scientific contexts. These findings contradict the widely held view that the victory of the Turks was inevitable, due to superior numerical strength and armament, or even due to the "will to fall" (Braudel) of an exhausted Byzantium on a political level.
For the conclusion of the course, students will have the opportunity to attend an educational trip to Patmos (May 1-6, 2024), organized in collaboration with the Byzantine Chair of the Saras Department at the Sapienza University of Rome. The main purpose of the event will be to present on site to the participants various elements illustrated during the course of the lectures, with special emphasis on the celebration of the Orthodox Easter (η Μεγάλη Εβδομάδα).

MANDATORY TEXTS:

- S. Ronchey, Lo Stato bizantino, Torino, Einaudi, 2002
- A. Pertusi (a c. di), La caduta di Costantinopoli, 2 voll., Fondazione Lorenzo Valla / Mondadori, Milano 1976

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

Virgil’s Bucolics. In the course a literary setting of the book of the Eclogues will be offered toghether with a reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical shape and form (models, metrics, style).

- Publio Virgilio Marone, Le Bucoliche. Introduzione e commento di A. Cucchiarelli. Traduzione di A. Traina, ed. Carocci.

- Futher bibliography will be given at the beginning of the course.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.

Horace’s Epodes. In this course a literary setting of the liber Epodum by Horace will be offered, toghether with a philological reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical form (models, metrics, style).

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);
- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line ]
- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura).

- Orazio, Il libro degli Epodi, a cura di A. Cavarzere, Venezia (ed. Marsilio).
- E. Fraenkel, Horace, Clarendon Press: Chapters I (‘Vita Horati’) e II (‘The Epodes’).

Dante's «Purgatory»

The course aims to offer a comprehensive and in-depth reading of Dante's "Purgatorio." Defined by the historian Jacques Le Goff as the "poetic triumph" of the purgatorial realm, the second cantica of the "Commedia" represents the first and most significant artistic elaboration of this afterlife zone, the existence of which had been definitively recognized by the Church only a few years earlier (1274). Special attention will be given to the ways in which the poet constructs an extremely detailed and profoundly coherent space from multiple perspectives (cosmological, theological, penitential). Its various will be examined, with special attention to the religious practices of the time. Furthermore, the course will delve deeply into Dante's reflection on poetry in this cantica: from his encounters with Casella, the troubadour Sordello, and the classical poet Statius; to his investigation of fame and artistic progress in Canto 11, and the pivotal Cantos 24 and 26 where Dante engages with various predecessors, fully defining his own poetics and a tradition of reference.

Texts:
- Dante, "Divina Commedia. Purgatorio", a cura di Anna Maria Chiavacci Leonardi, Milano, Mondadori, 2014 [first ed. 1994; reprinted several times, also in scholastic editions]
NB: The cantica shall be read and studied in its entirety.

Essays:
- Anna Pegoretti, Dal «lito diserto» al giardino. La costruzione del paesaggio nel «Purgatorio» di Dante, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2007.
During the course, a list of reference studies will also be provided, from which students can choose which ones to prepare, also taking into account their academic background. Erasmus students and those unable to attend are kindly requested to subscribe the Moodle account of the course, where they will find all the info and materials to prepare the exam.

The history of our language can also be read and studied using dictionaries which have described and codified it. The module focuses on the diachronic and synchronic study of the Italian lexicon through lexicography. After having clarified the basic terms of the discipline, we will retrace the history of dictionaries in Italy, from its origins to the present day; typologies and compositional structures of some important dictionaries will be examined.

- V. Della Valle (2005), Dizionari italiani: storia, tipi, struttura, Roma, Carocci.
- C. Marazzini (2009), L’ordine delle parole. Storia di vocabolari italiani, Bologna, il Mulino: chapters III, VI, VIII.2 and 3 (photocopies made available by the teacher.).
- I. Consales (2021), Nell’officina del lessicografo. Saggi di lessicografia italiana, Roma, Aracne, 2021.

The course aims to provide essential tools for critically and consciously addressing the contents and the challenges posed by the teaching of Ancient Greek in secondary schools today. The lessons will follow two main thematic strands:
(A) The regulatory framework governing the teaching of Greek language and literature in secondary schools;
(B) Methodologies and tools, especially digital ones, useful for developing educational pathways (for themes, literary genres, and historical-cultural contexts); in this context, the reference texts will be Plato's Protagoras and Phaedrus.
Attendance at the course is optional. Attending students must ensure attendance at at least two-thirds of the classes (24 out of 36 hours). For attending students, a reduction of the program is provided (see section C in Bibliography).

For sections A and B, the bibliographic material will be provided to students by the teacher at the beginning of the lessons; (C) a choice of one volume among: F. Carta Piras, Didattica della lingua e della letteratura greca. Materiali per la didattica del greco e per la funzione docente (Sandhi: Ortacesus 2011); L. Canfora – U. Cardinale (eds.), Disegnare il futuro con intelligenza antica. L’insegnamento del latino e del greco antico in Italia e nel mondo (Il Mulino: Bologna 2012); R. Oniga – U. Cardinale (eds.), Lingue antiche e moderne dai licei alle università (Il Mulino: Bologna 2012). Attending students are not required to prepare this part of the bibliography

Literature and autobiography between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Iacopone da Todi - Francesco Petrarca - Giovanni Boccaccio - Benvenuto Cellini

Texts:
Iacopone da Todi e la poesia religiosa del Duecento, a cura di P. Canettieri, Milano, BUR Rizzoli
Francesco Petrarca, epistola Posteritati, Giovanni Boccaccio, dalle Rime (testi scelti saranno messi a disposizione a lezione)
Benvenuto Cellini, Vita, a cura di E. Camesasca, Milano, BUR Rizzoli

Bibliography:
F. Suitner, Iacopone da Todi. Poesia, mistica, rivolta nell'Italia del medioevo, Firenze, Le Lettere
E. Kris, O. Kurz, La leggenda dell'artista, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri

Further information on the texts to be prepared will be provided during the lessons.
Non-attending students will contact the teacher for instructions and additions to the program.

The course “Greek Literature I LM” (“Materials for a cognitive criticism of literary texts in ancient Greece”) is intended for students who wish to combine deepening their knowledge of Ancient Greek with acquiring valid critical tools for interpreting literary texts. The course includes:
(A) a series of lectures aimed at illustrating the assumptions and methods of a cognitive-based literary criticism calibrated on the forms of ancient Greek literature;
(B) reading, translation, and commentary in class on a selection of texts (both in poetry and prose). Part of the texts to be worked on in class will be assigned to students so that they can be the subject of personal elaboration and presentation in class.
Attendance at the course is optional. Attending students must ensure attendance at at least two-thirds of the classes (24 out of 36 hours). For attending students, a reduction of the program is provided (see section C in Bibliography).

(A) An essential bibliography will be indicated by the teacher at the beginning of the course; it is strongly recommended to study T. Cave, Thinking with Literature: Towards a Cognitive Criticism (Oxford University Press: Oxford 2016); (B) The selection of texts to be examined in the course will be distributed by the teacher through e-learning channels (Teams); (C) M. Fantuzzi - R. L. Hunter, Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry (CUP: Cambridge 2004). Attending students are not required to prepare on this volume.

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

Biblical fiction largely depicts a world inhabited and performed by men, but it also provides space for many female figures, who stand out strongly against a landscape of consistently male protagonists. The way in which these figures are portrayed is a reflection on the one hand of the authors' own worldviews and beliefs about women and their milieu, but also of more general literary and ideological choices. The analysis of these figures will cover both the biblical texts and the narrative traditions of ancient and late antique Judaism, where some minor figures in the biblical narrative (such as Joseph's wife, or Moses' adoptive mother) receive extraordinary attention, a product of new social scenarios and new reflections on the relationship with other peoples. Other topics covered in the course will be the place of the feminine in the divine, the creation of woman, and views on conception and pregnancy.

Notes and texts distributed during lessons.

The course will address the following main topics: languages and writing systems of pre-Roman Italy; methodologies for decoding the epigraphic messages; inscribed artifacts as archaeological finds; the contribution of epigraphic documentation to the study of institutions, society, handicraft, and religion.

G. Bartoloni (ed.), Introduzione all’etruscologia, Hoepli, Milano, 2012 (and reprints): chapters 1, 3-6, 8-12.
M. Cristofani (ed.), Etruschi: una nuova immagine, Giunti, Firenze, 1985 (and reprints): pp. 33-72.
V. Bellelli, E. Benelli, Etruschi. La scrittura, la lingua, la società, Carocci, Roma, 2018 (and reprints).

Papyrus in the Middle Ages: A Mediterranean History (4th-11th Centuries).

This course aims to address, through seminar-style approaches, the history of papyrus in the Middle Ages. It is a classic topic that, starting from Henri Pirenne's research, has been consistently investigated by scholars of written culture, who have viewed papyrus as a writing material, as well as by historians of economics, who have regarded papyrus as an indicator of trade relations across the Mediterranean.

Taking into account interpretations and debates surrounding this topic or related themes, the lessons aim to discuss studies (books, essays), and especially sources (translated into Italian) based on a specific questionnaire: in which areas of the Mediterranean was papyrus produced, and how? What were the logics, dynamics, and economic actors of its circulation across the Mediterranean after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476)? Did circulation encounter obstacles after the 7th century due to religious differences between Islam and Christianity? What were its areas of usage? How did these areas of usage vary depending on the cultural, geographical, economic, and political contexts? What impact did the economic logic of papyrus have on European cultural dynamics? When did the history of papyrus end, and why? How does the history of papyrus interact with our understanding of the cultural and economic history of the medieval Mediterranean?

Note well: In addition to participating in the discussions during the lessons, in the final section of the course students will be required to prepare and discuss, individually or in groups, a brief written text.

For attending students, the exam is essentially based on the materials provided by the professor and discussed in class. For reference reading, one can consider D. Internullo, Il papiro, la pergamena e le origini della memoria archivistica dell’Europa occidentale (secoli VI-XI), in Segni, sogni, materie e scrittura dall’Egitto tardoantico all’Europa carolingia, ed. by A. Ghignoli, M. Boccuzzi, A. Monte, N. Sietis, Roma 2023, pp. 119-162 (it will be available in the proper Teams channel)

For non-attending students, the examination is based on the comprehensive study of:
H. Pirenne, Maometto e Carlomagno, any of the many editions available
- C. Picard, Il mare dei califfi. Storia del Mediterraneo musulmano (secoli VII-XII), Roma, Carocci, 2017
- D. Internullo, Il papiro, la pergamena e le origini della memoria archivistica dell’Europa occidentale (secoli VI-XI), in Segni, sogni, materie e scrittura dall’Egitto tardoantico all’Europa carolingia, ed. by A. Ghignoli, M. Boccuzzi, A. Monte, N. Sietis, Roma 2023, pp. 119-162
Note well: in addition to an integral study, non-attending students are also asked to make the three readings interact with each other, trying in particular to understand: a) how our knowledge of Mediterranean history has changed since Pirenne's book publication - thus paying attention to Picard's book in this regard; b) how the data on papyrus circulation (cf. Internullo's essay) interacts with our knowledge of the Mediterranean.

Note well 2: A remedial programme must be agreed with the lecturer for those who have never taken a basic Medieval History examination (M-STO/01).

Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions (part 2)”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which women are fundamental, and even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

Bibliography

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allostudio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna, 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237-426. (reprint 2010).
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

It is recommended to attend the lectures.

Further bibliographic references and other didactic materials (in particular texts by classical authors, transcriptions of inscriptions, images) will be provided during the lectures.

STUDENTS 509/99 – Bibliographic references and didactic materials should be discussed with the Supervisor.

The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of Latin and Greek manuscripts, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, both the external characteristics of manuscripts will be examined (material techniques for the preparation of the book as a physical object, methods and tools for its preparation, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), and the cultural panorama of the times and places of origin of manuscript books. Therefore, each aspect will be illustrated by choosing a reference manuscript witness.
This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Early Christian buildings and the mosaic decorations in the Italian peninsula (4th-6th century)

The aim of the course is to reconstruct the diffusion and the characteristics of the mosaic production of the Early Christian buildings in the main centers of the peninsula between the 4th and 6th centuries.
The study will focus on archaeological, iconographic, stylistic and artistic issues.
The course includes visits.

Book:
F. Bisconti, A. Nestori, I mosaici paleocristiani di Santa Maria Maggiore negli acquerelli della collezione Wilpert, Città del Vaticano 2000.
Papers:
F. Bisconti, Imprese musive paleocristiane negli edifici di culto dell’Italia Meridionale, in Atti del IV Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Palermo 9-13 dicembre 1996, Tivoli 1997, pp. 733-746.
F. Bisconti, M. Braconi, Il mosaico parietale nella Roma paleocristiana: dalla committenza imperiale ai programmi pontifici, in XII Colloquio AIEMA, Venezia 11-15 settembre 2012, Verona 2015, pp. 47-55.
F. Bisconti, Napoli. Catacombe di San Gennaro. Cripta dei vescovi. Restauri ultimi, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 91 (2015), pp. 7-34.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici cristiani della tarda antichità. Orizzonti figurativi e programmi iconografici, in G. Castiglia, Ph. Pergola (ed.), Instrumentum Domesticum. Archeologia Cristiana, temi, metodologie e cultura materiale della tarda antichità e dell’alto medioevo, Città del Vaticano 2020, pp. 483-527.
Ulteriori indicazioni bibliografiche saranno fornite durante il corso.

Not attending student must add:
F. Bisconti, Temi di iconografia paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000, Introduzione (pp. 13-86) e 20 voci a scelta.

Ceramic productions in mainland Greece between the 7th and early 4th centuries will be analyzed, specifying iconographic and technical aspects: from the reading of figurative themes, to working techniques and the organization of work in the workshops. TLectures will be accompanied by didactic field trips with thematic insights and classroom activities

The bibliography will be discussed during the first lessons.

Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions (part 2)”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which women are fundamental, and even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

Aristotle's Metaphysics Book 4:
1: The science of being
2: The principles of contradiction and of the excluded middle
3: Dialectic and philosophy

[a] Aristotele, Metafisica, con testo originale a fronte, Traduzione, introduzione e note di Enrico Berti, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2017, pp. 127-183.
Aristotle, Metaphysics: Books Γ, Δ, and Ε, Translated with Notes by Christopher Kirwan, Oxford 1998, pp. 76-121 (Metaphysics Book Gamma: Notes).

Michael W. Wedin, “The Science and Axioms of Being”, in G. Anagnostopoulos, A Companion to Aristotle, Blackwell, Oxford 2009, pp. 125-143.

Cohen, S. Marc and C. D. C. Reeve, "Aristotle’s Metaphysics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/

Gottlieb, Paula, "Aristotle on Non-contradiction", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/aristotle-noncontradiction/

[b] Students are required to prepare a paper (3.000 words ca.) on one of the topics listed below:

i: Being and Existence

Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen, “Aristotle on the Snares of Ontology”, in R. Bambrough (ed.), New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, London-New York 2013 (1965), pp. 69-95.
Stephen Menn, “Aristotle on the Many Senses of Being”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 59 (2021), pp. 187–263.

ii: Metaphysics and Logic

Alan Code, “Aristotle’s investigation of a basic logical principle”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16 (1986), pp. 341–358.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§§ 1-3)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 1 (2007), pp. 123-169.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§ 4)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 2 (2008), pp. 159-187.

Il corso intende offrire una lettura delle maggiori opere di Niccolò Machiavelli.

TESTI:
--Niccolò Machiavelli, Il Principe. Nuova edizione annotata, a cura di Gabriele Pedullà, Donzelli, Roma 2022 (integrale: introduzione, grafiche e note comprese). ISBN 9788855223041
NB: È ESSENZIALE prendere questa nuova edizione 2022, e non quella del 2013, o la editio minor 2022. Altre edizioni non saranno accettate
--Niccolò Machiavelli, Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, a cura di Giorgio Inglese, Bur, Milano 1984 (integrale: introduzione e note comprese).
--Niccolò Machiavelli, La Mandragola, a cura di Pasquale Stoppelli, Mondadori, Milano 2016 (integrale: introduzione e note comprese).
--Alcuni testi di Machiavelli in Pdf

STUDI CRITICI (da leggere integralmente):
--Gabriele Pedullà, On Niccolò Machiavelli: The Bonds of Politics, Columbia University Press, New York 2023.
--Alcuni saggi in Pdf

LETTURE IN PIU’ PER I NON FREQUENTANTI
--John P. McCormick, Democrazia machiavelliana (2011), Viella, Roma 2020.
--in pdf: *Gabriele Pedullà, Giro d’Europa. Le mille vite di Dionigi di Alicarnasso (XV-XIX secolo), introduzione a Dionigi di Alicarnasso, Storia di Roma antica, a cura di Francesco Donadi e Gabriele Pedullà, Einaudi, Torino 2010, pp. LIX-CLIX.
--in pdf: *Gabriele Pedullà, Athenian Democracy in Late Middle Ages and Early Humanism, e Id., Athenian Democracy in the Italian Renaissance, in Dino Piovan e Giovanni Giorgini (a cura di), Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy, Brill, Leiden 2020, pp. 57-152.

O pdf in più sono disponibili su TEAMS.

Love lyric in the Renaissance Italian Renaissance: A Dual Gender Perspective. The course aims to analyze the dialogic and lyrical tradition of Renaissance Italy, with a focus on love-themed production. It intends to explore literary texts from a dual-gender perspective. Therefore, it will consider both the authors who established the Renaissance literary canon (such as Bembo and Tasso) but female authors like, for instance, Vittoria Colonna, Veronica Gambara, or Gaspara Stampa. The study aims at a literary analysis of the works and an examination of their historical, political, and cultural context.

L. Marcozzi, Bembo, Firenze, Cesati, 2017
P. Bembo, Gli Asolani e le Rime, in any edition, even in digital format.
G. Della Casa, Rime, edizione a cura di S. Carrai, Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2014.
Further bibliography and a digital anthology of the texts will be provided during the course and made available in the course teams channel.

Judeophobia in the Roman Empire

The course is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the ways in which
the Roman world was confronted with the Jewish culture and religion in the
first three centuries of the Empire.

G. Geraci-A. Marcone, Storia romana (editio maior), Le Monnier, Firenze 2017
A. Angius- P. Arena- A. Marcone- Fonti per la storia romana. Economia, cultura, società, Carocci, Roma, 2023.
Giulio Firpo, Le rivolte giudaiche, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2023
P. Schäfer- Giudeofobia: L'antisemitismo nel mondo antico, Carocci, Roma 2011
A. Marcone- Vespasiano, Salerno, Roma 2024

Course title:
The pseudo-Augustinian treatise De spiritu et anima (late 12th-early 13th century).

Course description:
First of all, the course intends to outline, in broad terms, the developments of a theme - that of the soul - dear to the tradition of Western thought since its beginnings, and capable, in addition to incessantly nourishing high-level philosophical and religious reflection, also to have a singular impact on mentalities, on the imaginary, on life conduct, on the self-perception and representation of man in Western culture, and in particular in the Latin Middle Ages. A work will then be analyzed - the De spiritu et anima - of uncertain attribution, datable between the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century, which enjoyed great success in the Middle Ages, and which - due to its eclectic character, but not lacking of originality - is well suited to provide a complex and problematic status quaestionis on the subject, before the most complete elaborations of Scholasticism. - As part of the module will also be activated exercises designed to guide the knowledge and use of the main electronic resources for the study and research on the Latin authors of the Middle Ages.

- Alcherus Claraeuallensis (dubium) [= ps. Augustinus], De spiritu et anima, PL 40, coll. 779-832.
- Anima e corpo nella cultura medievale, a cura di C. Casagrande e S. Vecchio, Ed. SISMEL, Firenze 1999 (Millennio medievale, 15).

Ancient Christian History LM (6 ECTS = 1 module of History of Christianity and Churches LM 12 ECTS (II module = Christianity and Globalization)

Motherhood in the Ancient Christian World

Motherhood is not merely an individual experience for a woman or something confined within the narrow confines of the family circle. In the ancient world, as in any era, it is profoundly influenced by the surrounding society and culture, becoming an institution that reflects ideologies and theological visions. This course, through the presentation of some significant Christian women who lived between ancient and medieval times, aims to explore various aspects of motherhood.
How do women narrate their experiences of motherhood?
What paradigms of motherhood are conveyed by sources that represent maternity?
What theological reflection on motherhood did Christianity develop between antiquity and the Middle Ages? How did the idea of spiritual motherhood emerge even in the absence of biological children? How are the ideals of virginity and motherhood reconciled? What role does the model of Mary play? How can the Church be considered a mother?
Attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended: the instructor will also provide recorded lectures. During the course, methods of assessing proficiency will include interaction between the instructor and students, as well as the written elaboration (and possible in-class presentation) of a research paper.
II Module, Matteo mennini
LGBT believers and queer theologies in Christian churches from the 1960s to today

The sexual experience and conjugal life have represented the terrain on which the Christian churches have opposed the greatest resistance to the social and cultural transformations from the late modern age to the most recent processes of secularization. The question of the relationship between Christian faith and homosexuality, especially in the contemporary age, has triggered a lot of short circuits between the official positions of the Churches and those experiences that have favored the visibility and acceptance of LGBT believers signed by a new pastoral sensitivity and a theological thought attentive to accepting the requests coming from the social sciences and from the movements that claim full civil rights for homosexual people. In some Christian churches, at an official level, homosexuality was considered unnatural and out of the norm, an obstacle to the natural function of generation and to marriage. But the agency of LGBT Christian groups certifies the possibility of reconciliation with the institution and comes to the attention of the historian as a new religious subjectivity.
The course of study will address the topic by proposing a three-phase path: a) to offer a historical overview of the positions taken by the Christian Churches in the twentieth century on a global level on the question of homosexuality, in particular the Catholic and Protestant Churches; b) to analyze some pastoral experiences of groups and movements formed by LGBT Christians since the 1960s, especially in the United States, France and Italy, with the support of recent sociological studies; c) to follow the evolution of the so-called "queer theology", starting from the studies on the relationship between faith and homosexuality up to the most recent contributions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
For Attendees:
Compilation of texts and studies provided by the instructor
Written thesis on a topic of your choice

For Non-Attendees:
A book of your choice from the following options:

M. G. Muzzarelli, Madri. Madri mancate. Quasi madri. Sei storie medievali, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2021
C.W. ATKINSON, The Oldest Vocation: Christian Motherhood in the medieval West, Cornell University Press, 1991
Sanctity and Motherhood. Essays on Holy Mothers in the Middle Ages, ed. by A.B. MULDER-BAKKER, New York-London, Routledge, 1995
R. Franchi (ed.), Dalla Grande Madre alla Madre: la maternità nel mondo classico e cristiano: miti e modelli, vol. 3. Dalla Bibbia ai Padri della Chiesa, Torino, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2019

The following contributions (contact carla.noce@uniroma3.it for a PDF copy):

E. Prinzivalli, Maternità e madri nel pensiero e nella prassi sociale del cristianesimo antico in Eastern Theological Journal 2 (2016) 2, 175–202
A. BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI, Madri sante nella letteratura medioevale in La maternità spirituale nel cristianesimo antico, in Santa Monica nell’Urbe dalla Tarda antichità al Rinascimento. Storia, Agiografia, Arte. Atti del Convegno Ostia antica-Roma 29-30 settembre 2010, a cura di M. Chiabò, M. Gargano, R. Ronzani, Centro Culturale Agostiniano-Roma nel Rinascimento, Roma 2011, pp. 53-111

Notices

Non-attending students are invited to agree on the program with the professor.

Virgil’s Bucolics. In the course a literary setting of the book of the Eclogues will be offered toghether with a reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical shape and form (models, metrics, style).

- Publio Virgilio Marone, Le Bucoliche. Introduzione e commento di A. Cucchiarelli. Traduzione di A. Traina, ed. Carocci.

- Futher bibliography will be given at the beginning of the course.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.

Horace’s Epodes. In this course a literary setting of the liber Epodum by Horace will be offered, toghether with a philological reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical form (models, metrics, style).

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);
- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line ]
- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura).

- Orazio, Il libro degli Epodi, a cura di A. Cavarzere, Venezia (ed. Marsilio).
- E. Fraenkel, Horace, Clarendon Press: Chapters I (‘Vita Horati’) e II (‘The Epodes’).

Il corso intende offrire una lettura delle maggiori opere di Niccolò Machiavelli.

TESTI:
--Niccolò Machiavelli, Il Principe. Nuova edizione annotata, a cura di Gabriele Pedullà, Donzelli, Roma 2022 (integrale: introduzione, grafiche e note comprese). ISBN 9788855223041
NB: È ESSENZIALE prendere questa nuova edizione 2022, e non quella del 2013, o la editio minor 2022. Altre edizioni non saranno accettate
--Niccolò Machiavelli, Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio, a cura di Giorgio Inglese, Bur, Milano 1984 (integrale: introduzione e note comprese).
--Niccolò Machiavelli, La Mandragola, a cura di Pasquale Stoppelli, Mondadori, Milano 2016 (integrale: introduzione e note comprese).
--Alcuni testi di Machiavelli in Pdf

STUDI CRITICI (da leggere integralmente):
--Gabriele Pedullà, On Niccolò Machiavelli: The Bonds of Politics, Columbia University Press, New York 2023.
--Alcuni saggi in Pdf

LETTURE IN PIU’ PER I NON FREQUENTANTI
--John P. McCormick, Democrazia machiavelliana (2011), Viella, Roma 2020.
--in pdf: *Gabriele Pedullà, Giro d’Europa. Le mille vite di Dionigi di Alicarnasso (XV-XIX secolo), introduzione a Dionigi di Alicarnasso, Storia di Roma antica, a cura di Francesco Donadi e Gabriele Pedullà, Einaudi, Torino 2010, pp. LIX-CLIX.
--in pdf: *Gabriele Pedullà, Athenian Democracy in Late Middle Ages and Early Humanism, e Id., Athenian Democracy in the Italian Renaissance, in Dino Piovan e Giovanni Giorgini (a cura di), Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy, Brill, Leiden 2020, pp. 57-152.

O pdf in più sono disponibili su TEAMS.

Love lyric in the Renaissance Italian Renaissance: A Dual Gender Perspective. The course aims to analyze the dialogic and lyrical tradition of Renaissance Italy, with a focus on love-themed production. It intends to explore literary texts from a dual-gender perspective. Therefore, it will consider both the authors who established the Renaissance literary canon (such as Bembo and Tasso) but female authors like, for instance, Vittoria Colonna, Veronica Gambara, or Gaspara Stampa. The study aims at a literary analysis of the works and an examination of their historical, political, and cultural context.

L. Marcozzi, Bembo, Firenze, Cesati, 2017
P. Bembo, Gli Asolani e le Rime, in any edition, even in digital format.
G. Della Casa, Rime, edizione a cura di S. Carrai, Milano-Udine, Mimesis, 2014.
Further bibliography and a digital anthology of the texts will be provided during the course and made available in the course teams channel.

Dante's «Purgatory»

The course aims to offer a comprehensive and in-depth reading of Dante's "Purgatorio." Defined by the historian Jacques Le Goff as the "poetic triumph" of the purgatorial realm, the second cantica of the "Commedia" represents the first and most significant artistic elaboration of this afterlife zone, the existence of which had been definitively recognized by the Church only a few years earlier (1274). Special attention will be given to the ways in which the poet constructs an extremely detailed and profoundly coherent space from multiple perspectives (cosmological, theological, penitential). Its various will be examined, with special attention to the religious practices of the time. Furthermore, the course will delve deeply into Dante's reflection on poetry in this cantica: from his encounters with Casella, the troubadour Sordello, and the classical poet Statius; to his investigation of fame and artistic progress in Canto 11, and the pivotal Cantos 24 and 26 where Dante engages with various predecessors, fully defining his own poetics and a tradition of reference.

Texts:
- Dante, "Divina Commedia. Purgatorio", a cura di Anna Maria Chiavacci Leonardi, Milano, Mondadori, 2014 [first ed. 1994; reprinted several times, also in scholastic editions]
NB: The cantica shall be read and studied in its entirety.

Essays:
- Anna Pegoretti, Dal «lito diserto» al giardino. La costruzione del paesaggio nel «Purgatorio» di Dante, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2007.
During the course, a list of reference studies will also be provided, from which students can choose which ones to prepare, also taking into account their academic background. Erasmus students and those unable to attend are kindly requested to subscribe the Moodle account of the course, where they will find all the info and materials to prepare the exam.

War and Peace in Renaissance Literature

Renaissance is first and foremost an age of war, in which war enters powerfully into everyday life with a violence hitherto unknown and, by contrast, the past is mythologized as an age of peace and prosperity. The course will follow representations of war and peace in Renaissance literature, focusing primarily on epic-chivalric literature, which makes war its driving force (Pulci, Boiardo, Ariosto, Tasso, and also examples of other forms of octava rima such as war poems), but also examining historical works (Machiavelli and Guicciardini) and theatrical works (Ruzante’s Parlamento).

Syllabus for attending students

Handouts supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici:
- excerpts from: Luigi Pulci, Morgante; Matteo Maria Boiardo, Inamoramento de Orlando; Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando furioso; Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata; Niccolò Machiavelli, L’arte della guerra; Francesco Guicciardini, Storia d’Italia; Ruzante, Parlamento di Ruzante che l’era vegnù de campo;
-critical bibliography

Syllabus for not-attendig students

Non-attending students are required to add to the syllabus:
- Nicolò Maldina, Ariosto e la battaglia della Polesella: guerra e poesia nella Ferrara di inizio Cinquecento, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2016
-additional handouts provided by the professor, downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici