The topics of the lessons, grouped into seven cycles, will be the following:

1. THE CITY FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE: URBAN PLANNING TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEORY OF THE CITY

 Cities and treatises between the 15th and 16th centuries: premises for Renaissance urban planning

 The palace as a city in nuce: Urbino, Ferrara and Pienza

 Rome in the fifteenth century - I

 Rome in the fifteenth century - II

 Rome in the first half of the sixteenth century

 Rome in the second half of the sixteenth century

 The urban planning of Naples and Palermo in the sixteenth century

2. ROME: THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE CITY BETWEEN BAROQUE MAGNIFICENCE AND NEOCLASSIC RULE

 The urban planning of Baroque Rome

 Rome in the eighteenth century - I

 Rome in the eighteenth century - II

3. THE CULTURE OF URBAN DESIGN IN ENLIGHTENMENT EUROPE

• France: Paris from the Patte plan to the Napoleonic age

• Great Britain: London from the "Great Fire" to Nash's interventions

• Some Italian situations: Turin, Milan, Rome, Naples, Messina

• St. Petersburg and Tsarist Russia

4. THE GREAT URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BIRTH OF THE URBAN PLANNING DISCIPLINE

• Haussmann's Paris.

• Vienna and the Ring.

• Berlin and the Mietkasernen.

• Barcelona and Plan Cerdà.

• Theoretical elaborations on the city in Germany between the 19th and 20th centuries: Baumeister, Stübben, Eberstadt. The thoughts of Camillo Sitte.

5. 'ANTI-URBAN' THEORIES AND EXPERIENCES

• The problem of workers' residence from the proposals of utopian socialism to the first industrial villages.

• Howard and the Garden City. Unwin and the Garden Suburb.

• The diffusion and developments of the idea of ​​the Garden City in Germany and Austria: Gartenstadt, Gartensiedlung, rural colonies and workers' cities from the beginning of the century to the Third Reich. Moments of the Italian story: 'garden cities' and 'new cities'.

• Soria y Mata and the linear city.

6. TRENDS IN URBAN DESIGN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The relationship with the historic city:

• Berlage and the Dutch affair.

• Vienna from Otto Wagner to the Höfe.

• Perret and the Le Havre case.

• The monumental city of totalitarian regimes: Rome and Berlin.

The myth of the new:

• Garnier and the Cité industrielle.

• The 'modern' metropolis. Le Corbusier and Hilberseimer.

• The rationalist Siedlungen in Weimar Germany.

• Affirmation, diffusion and crisis of the urban planning concepts of the Modern Movement: the Weissenhofsiedlung, the C.I.A.M. affair, the International Style, housing units and macrostructures, the recovery of historical memory after the Second World War.

The American city
• Notes on overseas colonies (17th century)
• Urban planning developments in the United States of America in the age of Liberalism: structure and form
• The new American frontier cities
• From the 'Park Movement' to the 'City Beautiful Movement'
• New York
• Chicago: urban developments from its birth to the '93 World's Fair. Burnham's Plan of 1909
• Washington
• San Francisco

7. THE “VERTICAL” CITY
• From nineteenth-century miradors to the symbolic skyscrapers in the urban planning of the new millennium

 Enrico GUIDONI, La Città dal Medioevo al Rinascimento, Biblioteca di Cultura moderna, 848, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1989, pp. 215-255.
 ID., Angela MARINO, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Cinquecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1982
 ID., Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Seicento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1982
 Paolo MICALIZZI, Roma nel XVIII secolo, Atlante storico delle città italiane, Roma 3, Edizioni Kappa, Roma 2003
 Paolo SICA, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Settecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981
 ID, Storia dell'urbanistica. L'Ottocento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981, voll. I-II
 Italo INSOLERA, Roma Moderna, Un secolo di Storia Urbanistica 1870-1970, Einaudi, Torino 1993
 Paolo SICA, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Novecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981

The program of the 25th edition of the Villard traveling international Design Seminar will be decided by the organizing office in September 2023

The texts and the reference bibliography will be provided once the year's theme is known

The studio project is set up as an experimental laboratory. During an initial research for design phase we will learn about passive architectural strategies that can respond to extreme heat. For that, we will look into vernacular architecture in hot climates; we will try to extract scalable design principles that could be applied today. This also includes the studying of certain materials used, and how they are linked to typological aspects of climate-responsive architecture.
We will look into what is happening in other affected cities in southern Europe; through the studying of reference projects of contemporary architecture we will understand how architecture can respond to seasonal temperature extremes.
What would work for Rome? We will move on to design experimentation, and we need radical solutions.

Thematic lectures and inspections of the areas covered are planned

The Course deals with the study of architectonic barriers and design and technological solutions able to overcome them, in order to guarantee for all the people the accessibility to settings, facilities and furniture.
The town and transport system’s planning, the new and existing building’s design must provide for all that solutions able to allow a free berries spaces, promoting orientation and both settings and hazardous situations recognition, at the same time.
Therefore, confirming the idea that man, in his broadest sense, must be placed at the centre of the project, the concepts of accessibility and availability will be integrated into those ones concerning comfort, safety and multisensory.

Tatano, V. [2018]. Atlante dell’accessibilità urbana a Venezia, Conegliano: Anteferma edizioni.

The module of Architectural Design of the Restoration and Enhancement within the course will contribute to the treatment of theoretical topics, to the illustration of tools and methods related to the design and execution processes of the restoration through the presentation of models of behavior, demonstrated through real examples at the scales of the territory, the settlement, architecture and its components.
Within the framework of this path, teaching aims to achieve the following learning outcomes:
1) understanding of the production processes of the restoration and enhancement project.
2) the ability to trace, contextualize, analyze and critically interpret the role of direct historiographical sources (critical and targeted surveys) and indirect (bibliographic, iconographic, cartographic, archival documentary) for the purpose of the project and the implementation of the restoration.
3) the propensity to practice the definition of technical solutions for restoration that are technically effective, economically sustainable, philologically compatible.

Marconi P. Restauro dei monumenti. Cultura, progetti e cantieri 1967-2010. Roma: Gangemi; 2012
Pugliano A. Con il fine di Conservare. Fisionomia professionale e ambiti operativi degli addetti alla conservazione dei beni architettonici e ambientali. In R.P. MILONE E (a cura di), l'Esame di Stato (pp. 308-327). ROMA: Prospettive Edizioni; 2007
Pugliano A. Anatomia degli organismi edilizi tradizionali. In ZEVI L (a cura di), Manuale del Restauro Architettonico (pp. A1-A45). ROMA: Mancosu Editore. 2001
Pugliano A. L'organismo architettonico premoderno. Consuetudini costruttive e compagine materiale dell'edilizia storica di ambiente romano. In Giovanetti F (a cura di), Manuale del recupero del Comune di Roma. Seconda edizione ampliata (pp. 47-121). ROMA: DEI 1997.
De Felice G, Pugliano A. Il lessico costruttivo dell'edilizia storica. In Giuffrè A (a cura di), Sicurezza e conservazione dei centri storici. Il caso di Ortigia (pp. 69-99). Roma Bari: GLF Editori Laterza 1993.

The major aim of the course is to confront the students with a critical assessment of structural systems of historical buildings, comparing design projects with historic preservation handbooks.
In order to increase the knowledge of historical heritage, the students will therefore be asked to analyse structural and morfological systems. Lectures with the course of "Design and Restoration A" are planned.
Topics of the lectures:
- The practice of architecture and the art of construction. Handbooks and technical literature between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries by way of comparing construction practices with materials. Handbooks of “Architettura Pratica” and preservation handbooks.

- P. Marconi, F. Giovanetti, E. Pallottino [a cura], "Manuale del Recupero del Comune di Roma", DEI, Roma 1989
- F. Giovanetti [a cura], "Manuale del Recupero del Comune di Roma", II edizione ampliata, DEI, Roma 1997
- P. Marconi, "Materia e significato. La questione del restauro architettonico", Laterza, Bari 1999
- F.R. Stabile, M. Zampilli, C. Cortesi [a cura], "Centri storici minori. Progetti per il recupero della bellezza", Gangemi editore, Roma 2009
- P. Marconi, "Restauro dei monumenti – Cultura, progetti e cantieri 1967-2010", Gangemi, Roma 2012

The aims of Urban Studies course are to provide students with the essential theoretical framework for a critical understanding of urban issues and to be able to compare these with the more large vision of the urban project. The structure of the course and the issues proposed will allow the student to put his university training experience in dialogue with the themes of architecture and those of urban studies by establishing interconnections to build a more global picture of urban skills.

I testi sono quelli che saranno oggetto delle letture svolte in aula, e saranno indicate di volta in volta. A titolo esemplificativo:
Massimo Cacciari, La città, Pazzini
Leonardo Benevolo, La cattura dell'infinito, Laterza
Giovanni Ferraro, Il libro dei luoghi, Jaka book
Roberto Esposito, Communitas, Einaudi
Michel Foucault, Spazi altri, i luoghi delle eterotopie (a cura di) S. Vaccaro, Mimesis
Francesco Remotti, Contro l'identità, Laterza

The class aims at building awareness on the relationship between object oriented modeling and a tectonic approach to design. Students are exposed to te full range of digital innovation applied to architectural design, from simulation, to numeric fabrication, to operation, through the presentation of several examples of contemporary design, including a historical perspective on its evolution in the past 30 years. But all along the class students will also be constantly using BIM software directly, since the class thinks direct experience on software a crucial aspect of a full and sincere awareness on the real meaning of digital culture.
In latest years in that sense the class extended the modelling experience to the Digital Fabrication of components to produce and assemble physical prototypes of components at various scales.These are done in collaboration with the university Fab Lab and external stakeholders from the Industry.

Stefano Converso, SHoP Architects. Collaborazioni costruttive in digitale,
Collana IT Revolution in Architettura, Edilstampa, Roma, 2008

Maurizio Gargano, Forma e materia. Ratiocinatio e Fabrica nell’architettura dell’età moderna,
Officina edizioni, Roma, 2007

In 2023-2024 the course proposes an examination of the history of ancient, medieval and Renaissance architecture with particular reference to the Mediterranean and European areas.
The course is chronological, from the most ancient architecture to the architecture of the early modern age, and will include some thematic and seminar lessons, focusing on specific aspects, which may also be treated from a diachronic perspective.

PART I. COMPARED ANTIQUITIES: Architectural orders and origin of the temple; Greece and the East. From the Parthenon to the Dydimaion; ancient building techniques; the Etruscans; Roman architecture: tempio and foro; theatres and amphitheatres; domus, villa, palace.
PART II. CULTURES AND CONNECTIONS. FROM THE DECLINE OF ROME TO THE BIRTH OF EUROPE: Rome, Milan, Constantinople, Ravenna; Longobards and Carolingians in Europe; "Proto-Romanesque" and "Romanesque" in Italy and Europe; Gothic in Europe and Italy.
PART III. ARCHITECTURE IN THE HUMANISTIC AND RENAISSANCE AGES: Filippo Brunelleschi; Leon Battista Alberti; Giuliano da Sangallo; Bramante Raphael and his workshop; Michelangelo in Florence and Rome; Giulio Romano in Rome and Mantua, Andrea Palladio; tools of architect: drawings and treatises.

- A. Bruschi et al., Lineamenti di storia dell'architettura per i corsi di storia dell'architettura: introduzione e premessa di Arnaldo Bruschi e Gaetano Miarelli Mariani, Roma, Sovera, 1994

The concept of landscape lends itself to multiple views, readings and interpretations. Over the last three decades, "landscape" has increasingly been at the centre of theoretical and design discourse, even within research on the city and architecture. Discipline concerning architectural and urban design, ecology, anthropology, sociology, and landscape architecture must be able to interpret, in the design of open space, the stratification and archaeology of places, the practices of living, environmental dynamics and urban policies.
Investigating, understanding and narrating some important experiences in the evolution of the landscape architecture project and analysing the theories and methods that underlie them about the historical, cultural, geographical and social context in which they have developed, will be at the heart of the course programme.
The course will be structured in three thematic areas: the critical analysis of some projects of urban parks and gardens; the presentation of some masters; the reading of some fundamental texts of the theory of landscape architecture within a temporal interval that privileges the 20th and 21st centuries. The course aims to provide students with the theoretical and methodological tools to elaborate their interpretation of the concept of landscape and make it operative within the design experience.

A. Berque (a cura di), Cinq propositions pour une théorie du paysage, Collection Pays/Paysages, Champ-Vallon, 1994.
M. Mosser e G.Teyssot (a cura) L'architettura dei giardini d'Occidente. Dal Rinascimento al Novecento, Electa, Milano, 1990.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005.
A. Roger, Breve trattato sul paesaggio, Sellerio Editore, Palermo, 2009.
C. Raffestin, Dalla nostalgia del territorio al desiderio di paesaggio. Elementi per una teoria del paesaggio, Alinea Editrice, Firenze, 2005.

The major aim of the course is to present students with a critical assessment of different theories of restoration, by considering that all theories are linked to a particular moment in history and, above all, that contemporary theory of restoration – including the charters for conservation, programmes and the principles guiding the preservation – has to be considered as a possible interpretation of the past and not as a definitive scientific achievement.
Lectures are focused on the history of restoration from the late eighteenth century until the twentieth century in Italy and in Europe. Many examples from Rome are used to highlight the different ways of interpretation and actualization of the historical heritage.
The students will work on the construction of a type of “observatory” of contemporary restoration, through analysis and critical assessment of ongoing work on architectural heritage in Rome.

The adopted texts are selected by the students and agreed with the teacher within the list of the reference bibliography

The proposal to operate in a small town, not far from Rome, concerns the possibility of dealing with an immanent and exemplary theme with respect to the Italian urban reality, the renewal and development of smaller towns, affected in recent decades by the absence of planning and from abandonment. These places are affected by profound social transformations, some foreign communities in recent decades have been repopulating the belt of small towns around Rome given the availability of housing and a lower cost of living than the capital, where they go to work.
These processes, if understood and accompanied by institutions and by clear planning, could constitute a resource for places that need a development and transformation horizon.


The direct experience of architecture plays a decisive role in the laboratory, in order to privilege
the physical and immanent dimension with respect to the theoretical one.
Therefore, a series of educational visits to urban environments are proposed, during which the characteristics of the spaces and their relationships with the context are surveyed with the drawing.

The first exercise foresees a work of analysis and reconstruction, to be carried out in groups, of illustrious urban projects. To acquire knowledge and composition tools of urban space and its formal structures through the study of past design experiences.

The course proposes group work on an urban project as its main activity, in the ways to be defined based on the number of students enrolled.

L. BENEVOLO, La cattura dell'infinito, Roma 1991
F. CELLINI, Architettura e città, Palermo 1991 (dispensa)
C. SITTE, L'arte di costruire la città, Roma 1969
A. e P. SMITHSON, The Space Between, Colonia 2016

Geographic information systems (GIS) today are an indispensable tool for organizing and managing the complexity of data and information describing territorial and landscape components. The course will include a theoretical introductory part on the GIS and the regulatory framework at the national and regional levels for processing and sharing geographic data for land governance. In this phase, the potential of GISs as supporting tools in the construction of the knowledge framework and in the evaluation of planning choices will also be highlighted showing how they were implemented within some municipal urban plans.
A second group of communications will include the presentation of Italian and international case studies of GIS applications having an innovative approach, in the field of urban regeneration, landscape planning and assessment, environmental and climate planning, strategic environmental assessment, and mapping and assessment of ecosystem services.
A part of the course will be devoted to acquiring the basic technical skills to build and manage a spatial database using QGIS, which is currently the most popular free and open-source GIS desktop software. This part of the course will include practical applications in the context of the Metropolitan City of Rome with in-depth examination of the following GIS functionalities: management of geographic reference systems; import of geospatial data from national and regional geoportals including through web services (WMS, WFS and WCS); georeferencing and digitization of thematic datasets; complex analysis (geoprocessing) of geographic databases, vector and raster data; and processing of maps and statistical reports.

a. Noti V., GIS open source per geologia e ambiente. Analisi e gestione di dati territoriali e ambientali con QGIS, Flaccovio Dario, 2021.
b. Van Maarseveen M., Martinez J., Flacke J., GIS in Sustainable Urban Planning and Management. A Global Perspective, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
c. Migliaccio F., Carrion D., Sistemi informativi territoriali. Principi e applicazioni, UTET Università 2019.

The course topics cover several mechanical problems approached by the Finite Element Method (FEM), and specifically addressed to both 2D and 3D beam frame systems.
Since its first applications (late 1940s) FEM naturally plays an inter/multi-disciplinary role, where physical models can be implemented by simple modular schemes and iterative algorithms.

Through both theoretical presentations and practices, lectures will focus on the key-items of the numerical implementation for structural analysis (linear and modal analysis for elastic and dynamic structural characterization, respectively); connections between such aspects and those related to tools for parametric modeling of solid geometries will be regarded as crucial.
The equilibrium field equations will be also formulated in a general mathematical format, so as to have an overview of their use in general-purpose softwares, able to simulate generic physical problems.

The course program addresses the following issues:
1. Introduction to linear algebra and analysis;
2. Linear-elastic analysis of beam frame systems;
3. Modal (vibrational) analysis of beam frame systems;
4. Generalized FEM formulation for PDEs (Partial Differential Equations).

T.J.R. Hughes. The Finite Element Method. Dover Publications, 2000.
Nam-Ho Kim, Bhavani V. Sankar, Ashok V. Kumar. Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design (2nd ed.). Wiley.

Tools and methods for diagnostic of structures in different construction materials.
Destructive Tests (DT), Semi Destructive Tests, Non Destructive Tests (NDT).
Masonry: Double and single flat jacks, penetrometric test, video endoscopy, ultrasonic detector, tomography.
Reinforced Concrete: pacometer, sclerometer, core drilling, ultrasonic detector, Sonreb, Corrosion (Gecor).
Legno: hygrometer, ultrasonic detector, penetrometric test (woodpecker), resistographic test (Resistograph).
Criteria and modelling for interpretation of non destructive measures NDT.
Diagnostic integrated with geometric models assisted by drones and photogrammetry, BIM (Building Information Modelling) and FE (Finite Element) modelling for structural analysis.
Experiences in laboratoy and in situ.

During the course the necessary material will be provided, possibly accompanied by extracts of regulations and guidelines.

The course, which is based on the results of the SIXXI research project, proposes a reading through the history of Italian structural engineering between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The stories of some works, of many protagonists (the most famous Pier Luigi Nervi and Riccardo Morandi, but also neglected designers like Silvano Zorzi, Sergio Musmeci, Giulio Krall, Gino Covre and many others), of epic yards, will be studied in depth, to grasp the identity of the Italian School of Engineering and its possible future.

By offering the course the results of a research in progress, there are no updated publications on which to study without following the lessons.
However, the 5 volumes of the SIXXI series - History of structural engineering in Italy, edited by T. Iori and S. Poretti, Gangemi publisher, published between 2014 and 2020 are useful for the preparation, together with the monographic number:
T. Iori, S. Poretti (edited by), The Italian School of Engineering, "Rassegna di Architettura e Urbanistica", 148, January-April 2016

The laboratory deals with the complex theme of urban regeneration, dealing with a large area of the existing city, within which there are a plurality of themes for the redevelopment of public space starting from the construction of a network of cycle paths.
These are the main points:

1
IDENTITY
We all live the city on the move: from one point to another, each of us dynamically builds the map of our own city day by day
Moving from one place to another we build our identity as a sum of places with which we identify ourselves
A city congested by traffic limits freedom of movement

2
MOVEMENT
Cycling is freedom of movement
A bicycle tour is an opportunity to discover the city and get in touch with people
A bicycle route must link these points together
The paths should not be imagined as single paths but must be connected in a plot that extends according to variable trajectories in the folds of the existing city

3
CHOICE
A network of cycle routes must offer itself to people as a set of choices, alternatives not only as a means of communication from A to B
People thus interpret the various routes according to the occasion or moment, moving between the various points each according to their needs
The plot of cycle paths overlaps the existing city triggering new ways of use

4
PLACES
Cities are not poor in urban resources but are often used inefficiently
Beyond the primary spaces - monumental, institutional, .... - there are a myriad of public places that for a variety of reasons - use, maintenance, safety - are not perceived as potentially habitable by the inhabitants

5
NETWORK
Drawing a cycle network can be the pretext for bringing together fragments, wrecks, margins, troughs, and abandoned areas.
Places that maybe for a period have had a collective use that then got lost
Places that are the remains of processes of erosion, fragmentation and privatization of public space

6
REGENERATION
The design of a cycle network does not only have to do with mobility but above all with public space as a place of the collective dimension of living
A cycle network can serve to materialize lines of movement along which unexpected places are reconnected to the use of people.
A cycle network can be the engine of a regeneration of the urban fabric

7
PUBLIC SPACE
Connecting residual spaces in the city to each other, allowing people to access them, by bicycle or on foot, even in passing, can be the first step in a process of re-appropriation of public space as a shared and collective place


8
SAFETY
When we think of a public space, security is fundamental: without it there is no place that can be called collective
Accessibility and visibility are minimum conditions for safe use
A network of cycle paths configures a system of flows that activates the public space of the city

NACTO National Association of City Transportation Officials, Urban Bikeway Design Guide, Whashington April 2011 Edition
NACTO National Association of City Transportation Officials, Global Street Design Guide, Global Designing Cities iniziative, Island press, New York 2016

The course develops a series of cutting-edge topics hinged on the subject of the healthiness of confined spaces and oriented toward the possibility of developing this subject through design tools, practical-operational protocols and diagnostic methodologies capable of directing towards a true specialist profession.
The quality of life inside confined environments is determined by the external pollutant load and a considerable contribution of internal contaminants. The ratio between the generic quality of an outdoor environment and that of an indoor space results in a ratio of 1 to 5, that is, under indoor conditions we can be influenced by up to five times more pollutants than outside. Inside a confined environment we can detect everything that is also present outdoors with the addition of contaminants generated by the building envelope, the furnishings in it, the cleaning, cosmetic and personal hygiene products of the occupants, as well as the presence of animals, insects, fungi, bacteria viruses and microorganisms. Since there are no ventilation and aeration conditions inside comparable to those outside, concentrations of pathogens are multiplied and aggravated by the small size of living, study and/or work spaces.
These assumptions give rise to a subject capable of design intervention in the emissive characteristics of a building envelope and the creation of indoor living conditions that form the backbone of proper primary environmental prevention prophylaxis.
The contents of the course are dedicated to raising the quality of the built environment through the development of protocols (of analysis and intervention) aimed at the containment of pollutants present within confined spaces; its scope of action, on the other hand, is characterized by two precise branches of activity that are often synergistic: one of audit and one of certification. The former consists of the measurement of compounds potentially present within confined spaces in order to assess their concentration and possibly intervene to lower it; the latter, on the other hand, is declined through the application of protocols capable of managing each building process (both renovation and new construction) from the design phase and guaranteeing the low emissivity of a building at the time of its delivery.

[01] Giancarlo UGAZIO,
Compendio di Patologia Ambientale,
Torino, Minerva Medica, 2008.
[02] Nicholas ASHFORD, Claudia MILLER,
Chemical Exposure: Low Levels and High Stakes,
Toronto, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
[03] Leopoldo BUSA,
Determinazione Attraverso Spazio di Testa Diretto in GC-SM dei Composti Volatili Nocivi Rilasciati dai Materiali Isolanti,
Tesi di Master CasaClima, LUB, prof. S. Angeli, prof.sa C. Benedetti, a.a. 2010-‘11.
[04] Leopoldo BUSA et al.,
Linee Guida ARCA per la Salubrità dell’Aria Indoor,
Rovereto (TN), ARCA Casa Legno, 2015.
[05] Leopoldo BUSA,
Progettare l’Aria,
Rimini (RN), Maggioli, 2020
[06] Carla IACOBELLI et al.,
Fattori di Inquinamento Ambientale: I Composti Volatili Organici (VOCs),
Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 2008.
[07] Gaetano SETTIMO, Lucia BONADONNA,
Qualità dell’Aria Indoor negli Ambienti Sanitari: Strategie di Monitoraggio degli Inquinanti Chimici e Biologici,
Roma, ISS Serie Rapporti ISTISAN 19/17, 2019.
[08] Bill C. WOLVERTON,
Amiche piante,
Milano, Armenia 1998.

The program of the 25th edition of the Villard traveling international Design Seminar will be decided by the organizing office in September 2023

The texts and the reference bibliography will be provided once the year's theme is known

Through a series of lectures, seminars, workshops and case studies, the course endeavours to impart a critical understanding of the economics governing urban development and the real estate market, enabling students to appreciate and assess the contexts within which a city economy operates.
Focusing on case studies will be the teaching core of the course and a rich basis for developing students’ problem solving and decision making skills will be provided.
In order to strengthen participants' analytical skills, the course also provides: a) training in the critical assessment and use of micro- and macro-economic data, b) the analysis of urban economic activity and the application of economic criteria to urban projects. The main learning goals are the following: a) to use simple empirical tools of economic analysis and evaluation, b) to articulate a critical analysis of competing viewpoints and cooperative assessments, and c) to integrate various analytic steps into some simple overall assessments of the relationship between markets and policy that relies on sound principles and is well argued. Mostly regarding the goal sub letter c), students will be expected to actively participate and make presentations.

L. Gaeta, Il mercato immobiliare. Beni, diritti, valori, Carocci, 2009.

The course program is composed of three sections.
1) History of archaeological restoration culture, with specific focus on Rome (Roman Forum, Palatine Hill, Imperial Fora). The lectures aim to highlight the history of changes and re-use which have led to the loss of the original architectural identity up to the time of its intentional “re-creation”, starting from the second half of the Eighteenth Century. This new culture and its different outcomes developed during the last two centuries will be analyzed: excavations, restorations, reconstructions, anastylosis and enhancement projects.
2) Lectures on the restoration culture relating to its interdisciplinary point of view.
3) Small group activities (critical analysis on design projects strictly related to cultural heritage).

Section 1
- I. Insolera, Roma moderna. Un secolo di storia urbanistica 1870-1970, Roma 1962.
- R. Krautheimer, Roma. Profilo di una città, 312-1308, Roma 1981 (1° ed. 1980).
- I. Insolera-F. Perego, Archeologia e città. Storia moderna dei Fori di Roma, Bari 1983.
- M. Jonsson, La cura dei monumenti alle origini. Restauro e scavo di monumenti antichi a Roma 1800-1830, Stockholm 1986.
- S. Settis, Continuità, distanza, conoscenza. Tre usi dell'antico, in S. Settis (a cura di), Memoria dell'antico nell'arte italiana, vol. III, Dalla tradizione all'archeologia, Torino 1986, pp. 373-486.
- S. Casiello, Problemi di conservazione e restauro nei primi decenni dell’Ottocento, in Id. (a cura di), Restauro tra metamorfosi e teorie, Napoli 1992.
- E. Pallottino, Roma 1846-1878: restauro di monumenti antichi tra rappezzi mimetici e ricostruzioni semplificate, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 52, 1994, pp.69-71.
- P. D'Orsi, Roma: Pantheon, Portico degli Dei Consenti, Colosseo. Tre monumenti antichi restaurati a metà Ottocento, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 52, 1994, pp.72-77.
- E. Pallottino, Restauro e ricostruzione dell'antico, dopo le esperienze del Governatorato di Roma e i loro precedenti ottocenteschi, in L. Prisco (a cura), Architettura moderna a Roma e nel Lazio, 1920-1945. Conoscenza e tutela, Roma 1996, pp. 55-62.
- S. Casiello (ed.), Verso una storia del restauro. Dall'età classica al primo Ottocento, Firenze 2008.
- P. Porretta, Antonio Muñoz e via dei Fori Imperiali a Roma, in E. Pallottino (ed.), Architetti e archeologi costruttori d’identità, in Ricerche di Storia dell’arte, 95, 2008, pp. 30-43.

Sections 2 e 3
- A. Ricci, Attorno alla nuda pietra. Archeologia e città tra identità e progetto, Roma 2006.
- E. Pallottino (ed.), Architetti e archeologi costruttori d’identità, in Ricerche di Storia dell’arte, 95, 2008, pp. 30-43.
- D. Manacorda, R. Santangeli Valenzani, L. Franciosini, E. Pallottino, S. Picciola, A. Carlini, P. Porretta (eds.), Arch.it.arch, dialoghi di archeologia e architettura, seminari 2005|2006, Roma 2009.
- E. Pallottino (ed.), Roma, Torre dei Conti. Ricerca, formazione, progetto, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, n. 108, 2012.
- P. Porretta, L'invenzione moderna del paesaggio antico della Banditaccia. Raniero Mengarelli a Cerveteri, Roma 2019.

Slides will be available to all students.
Further bibliographical references will be suggested during the course.

Cultural Heritage and regionalist architecture
From Modernism to the revival of Medieval architecture: history, studies and projects. Gustavo Giovannoni: urban restoration and decentralization of the residential neighbourhoods. It is possible to compare Giovannoni’s thoughts and interventions in the architectural field to interpret various aspects of his ideology on the ideal purpose and physical structure of the city. The debate on the “ambientismo” – fuelled by architects and honorary fellows, led by Giovannoni and the Associazione Artistica fra i Cultori di Architettura – recognise the historical architecture, as well as the picturesque feeling inherent the historical urban pattern, as a possible model both to thin out the urban pattern for a healthiness reason and to decentralize new residential districts. Therefore, the “ambientista” approach is clearly influenced by the urban principles of Camillo Sitte, Charles Buls and Joseph Stübben and by the idea of garden city of Ebenezer Howard and Raymond Unwin. Hence, between the 1910s and the 1920s, the ambientismo became the core principle of the urban and architectural project, identifying and reinterpreting the artistic and environmental features typical of each country, while considering the instances of modern building. It is possible to find this cultural orientation in various projects in Rome, such as San Saba, Aniene’s garden city in Montesacro, Ostia Nuova, the garden neighbourhood of Garbatella; all these projects were planned following Giovannoni’s theories and taking care of the relationship between “Vecchie città ed edilizia nuova”.

- P. MARCONI, "Il restauro architettonico. Mentalità, ideologie, pratiche", in "Storia dell'architettura italiana. Il secondo Novecento", a cura di F. dal Co, Electa, Milano, 1997, pp. 368-391
- G. CIUCCI, G. MURATORE [a cura di], "Storia dell’architettura italiana - Il primo Novecento", Electa, Milano 2004, in particolare G. MURATORE, "Uno sperimentalismo eclettico", pp. 10-37; G. ZUCCONI, "Gli anni dieci tra riscoperte regionali e aperture internazionali", pp. 38-55; G. MURATORE, "Edilizia e architetti a Roma negli anni venti", pp. 74-99; S. PORETTI, "Modernismi e autarchia", pp. 442-476.
- P. MARCONI, "Il recupero della bellezza", Skira, Milano 2005, in particolare, "L’architettura regionalista e il restauro come replica", pp. 8-27.
- F.R. STABILE, in F.R. STABILE, M. ZAMPILLI, C. CORTESI [a cura di], "Centri storici minori. Progetti per il recupero della bellezza", Gangemi editore, Roma 2009.
- F.R. STABILE, "La Garbatella a Roma. Architettura e regionalismo", Editrice Librerie Dedalo, Roma 2012, pp. 47-66.
- G. BONACCORSO, F. MOSCHINI (a cura di), “Gustavo Giovannoni e l’architetto integrale”, Atti del convegno internazionale Accademia Nazionale di San Luca 25-27 novembre 2015, Roma 2019.

Thinking about heritage is thinking about time, identity, memory and storytelling.
Landscape coincides with these values, it can be considered as the connective tissue: a memories repository of the material and immaterial values.
In order to develop an experience of contemporary landscape and physical heritage we have to conduct a multidisciplinary analysis, both direct and indirect.
Landscape and its history can be investigated through the expressions of tangible and intangible culture, through the study of visible and invisible data.
Indirect and regressive analysis (archival studies, topography, geomorphology, historical and modern maps, iconography, etc.) will be integrated with the investigation on field, with the intention to recognize, distinguish, identify, and measure the place.
The different layers, which have constantly interacted through the historical development, will be identified, studied and described by students in different ways such as mapping, storytelling collection, archival research etc.
Diachronic analysis of the different layers will be essential to identify and distinguish shapes and permanent values compared to the structural changes introduced in the contemporary physical environment
From this analysis we will begin the representation and interpretation of the landscape aiming at critically examining and synthesizing archaeological and urban artefacts, matching them with other memories of human experience in the urban landscape.

L.Benevolo, (1977) Roma oggi, Roma-Bari
R.Funiciello, A.Praturlon, G.Giordano (2008): La geologia di Roma dal centro storico alla periferia. Memorie descrittive della carta geologica d’Italia, Firenze, S.EL.CA.
P.Handke, (1995) Canto della Durata, Einaudi Milano.
I.Insolera, (1965): Roma. Immagini e realtà dal X al XX secolo, Roma-Bari 1965 (Grandi opere. Le città nella storia d’Italia).
R.Lanciani, (1988): Forma Urbis Romae.
S.Muratori, R.Bollati, S.Bollati, G.Marinucci (1963): Studi per una operante storia urbana di Roma, Roma, Centro Studi di Storia Urbanistica.
L.Quaroni (1975), Immagine di Roma, Laterza
P.O.Rossi, (2009): Roma. Guida all’architettura moderna. 1909-2000, Roma-Bari.
S.Schama,(2004): Landscape and memory, Harper Perennial.

The course of History of Architecture and Methods of Analysis aims at critically retracing the composition process - either ideological, methodical or procedural- at the basis of every architecture. Lessons in chronological sequence, from the Italian Quattrocento to the XX century, are dedicated to masterworks or lesser known architectures, discussing the sources required by selected "history making" processes.
This section of the course aims at presenting a series of different historical analysis and interpretations, considered of significant value with respect to the scientific background of the author, to her/his methods of investigations, to research goals, patronage and chronological context. Written sources, such as texts and visual representations, as well as built architectures and urban complexes, are discussed in a critical perspective. A special focus is dedicated to the selection and interpretation of historical sources and to the use of "diagrams" in architectural representations.

ESSAYS (Required Reading of at least of TWO of the followings):
- James Ackerman, La villa. Forma e ideologia, Torino
- Rafael Moneo, La solitudine degli edifici e altri scritti, vol 1, Torino 1999.
- John Summerson, Il linguaggio classico dell’Architettura, Torino 1970.

- Manfredo Tafuri, Progetto e utopia, Roma-Bari, 1973.

SOURCES (required excerpt at least ONE among the following collections, with reference to the topic of "Parallel & Contrasts" elaborate):
Ulrich Conrads (a c.d.), Manifesti e programmi per l'architettura del 20. secolo, Firenze 1970.

Joan Ockman (ed.), Architecture, culture 1943-1968. a Documentary Anthology,  New York 1993.

The course includes a series of lessons centered on the topic of collective housing, with particular reference to the experimentations proposed by architectural culture in Rome and Madrid from the beginning of the 20th century to more recent years. The lessons will tend to highlight the forms assumed by collective housing over the different periods and in the research of the protagonists of the architectural scene who have worked in these two cities, with a specific attention to the topic of urban form and the relation between dwelling and city.
The case of Rome assumes an emblematic value in this context. In fact Rome was a particularly fertile field of experimentation during the 20th century, in which the collective housing took on extreme and original forms ranging from the emphasis on domestic and individual scale in the Ina Casa neighborhoods, to monumental scale of the great projects of the Seventies in which the collective dimension prevails. But during the 20th century Rome was also a field of spontaneous practices of "colonization" of urban spaces, through which domestic elements infiltrated the ancient monuments of its huge territory. The ambiguity of the relations between domesticity and the material persistence of monuments, which the city itself has promoted in the course of its history, can be considered one of the specific characters of Roman dwelling, a consequence of practices that can be analyzed and codified as a source of inspiration for contemporary projects.
The long phase of experimentation on collective housing in Rome ended in the Eighties. Although the city continued to grow through the construction of residential units, there were no significant architectural researches (except for sporadic cases).
On the contrary, Madrid has been interested in the last decades by a ohase of rich experimentation on the topic of the collective housing, which has involved the local and international architectural culture in the design of whole urban areas. The practices promoted by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y el Suelo (EMVS) through open competitions and invitations to international architects consolidated the role of the city as a laboratory of experimentation and reflection on the new forms of collective housing. The most well-known, and even the most controversial, outcomes, such as the Mirador building in Sanchinarro or the projects by Tom Mayne (Morphosis), David Chipperfiled, Wiel Arets or Ricardo Legorreta, appeared as elements of comparison and renewal for a research in which important local architects such as Amann, Cánovas and Maruri, Soto and Maroto, Espegel and Fisac, Burgos and Garrido, Blanca Lleó, Ábalos and Herreros, or Frechilla and Peláez, participated with significant contributions.
The Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos of Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid – ETSAM, also stood out for its research on this topic, in particular through the activities of the GIVCO Research Groups (Grupo de Investigación en Vivienda Colectiva) with Carmen Espegel as principal researcher and with the relevant participation of professors such as Andrés Cánovas and José María de Lapuerta, and NuTAC (Nuevas Técnicas Arquitectura Ciudad), with José María Ezquiaga as principal researcher and contributions of works directed by Sergio Martín Blas. The parallel relation between research and practice built by these and other professors in the field of contemporary collective housing makes it possible to identify Madrid, and the Departamento de Proyectos of ETSAM, as a partner of extraordinary interest in promoting student training in the housing project.

M. Farina (a cura di), Studi sulla casa urbana. Sperimentazioni e temi di progetto, Gangemi, Roma 2009
A. Cánovas, C. Epegel, J. M. De Lapuerta, C. Martínez Arroyo, R. Penjeam, Vivienda Colectiva en España. 1992- 2015. TC cuadernos, Valencia, 2017
S. Martín Blas et al. (Editores). Holanda en Madrid: social housing and urban regeneration. Mairea libros, Madrid, 2014

The course's main objective is to introduce students to the themes and tools that concern the relationship between climate change and the design of public space, but not with the exclusively "technical" logic with which it is often addressed. The ability to read the spatial characteristics, in terms of geography, morphology, and typology, is considered the first interpretive key for a project that can deal with the effects of climate change in the urban environment.
The course is composed of two parts:

The first part of the program consists of a series of seminars led by external guests, focusing on thematic framing and acquiring fundamental knowledge and techniques for a contemporary public space project that addresses themes of mitigation and adaptation to climate change (CC).

The second part is practical and involves a design application where students can engage with the course themes through hands-on experimentation. During this phase, students will be provided with foundational concepts for using the microclimatic simulation software ENVI-met.

D’Olimpio (2008) La progettazione del microclima urbano. Le caratteristiche microclimatiche in ambiente urbano come fattori per la definizione della qualità ecosistemica dei sistemi insediativi; Roma: Kappa.

Georgiadis T. (2018) "Cambiamenti climatici ed effetti sulle città" in REBUS. Renovation of public Building and Urban Space / 3° Edizione

Musco F, Fregolent L. (2014) (a cura di) Pianificazione urbanistica e clima urbano. Manuale per la riduzione dei fenomeni di isola di calore urbano. Padova: Il Poligrafo

Pone M (2023) (a cura di) «CLIMACTIONS» La mitigazione dell’Isola di Calore Urbana tra salute e pratiche di rigenerazione. Macerata: Quodlibet

Pone M (2019) Pone M. (2019) ‘Paesaggi dell’Antropocene’, in Op.Cit Selezione della critica d’arte contemporanea,165.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008) Reducing urban heat islands: Compendium of strategies [online] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

UCCRN (2018) Climate Change and Cities. Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press
Ulteriori riferimenti verranno eventualmente forniti nel corso delle lezioni

Reuse processes represent an opportunity to rethink the city through regeneration strategies that act as drivers for new urban visions.
The course will focus on the general issues of adaptive reuse, presenting project and best practice to outline cases and opportunities for this kind of intervention. Special consideration will be given to temporary reuse processes, seen as moments of experimentation and prologue for longer-term interventions.
The course aims to provide students with a critical approach of the issues related to adaptive reuse, stimulating the student’s capacity to envision incremental processes that consider economic and social factors in development perspectives.
Students will be asked to explore the tangible and intangible aspects of a given urban context, with the aim of increasing their ability to interpret the existing heritage and develop strategies aimed at accommodating new temporary and permanent functions that can reactivate the architectural asset and its context.

The texts are those that will be the subject of the lectures conducted in the classroom, and will be indicated from time to time. The reference bibliography is given as an example.

The proposed training activity is divided into a common part, with an interdisciplinary slant, and in a deepening part with a disciplinary slant, differentiated in the various Departments and study courses, as described below.
The common part consists of 2-hour lessons on the 17 objectives of the 2030 Agenda, supplemented by the study of the text of the 2030 Agenda, by the in-depth readings indicated by the speakers and by the tutoring of the professors in charge of each Department.
The lessons, barring any exceptions, will be entrusted to one or more external speakers and one internal speaker who will discuss the topic of the lesson.
The specific part will consist of a guided study, differentiated in the various Departments and oriented towards some of the topics of the 2030 Agenda; it will be of a disciplinary nature, consistent with the study programs of the students of the Departments involved.

Agenda 2030
ASVIS online module, uploaded on MOODLE
At the end of every lesson, the teacher will suggests books and documents relating with the concerned Agenda 2030 goal and targets.

The aim of the course is the exploration and re-appropriation of the city through the arts. It will take place entirely in the urban space using walks, performative actions, installations. The Course teaches us to get lost, to recognize the arts of discovery, of the encounter with the Other. It proposes walking as a research method, with the intent to reactivate in the students and in the inhabitants their innate capacity for creative transformation of the space in which they live, to remind them that they have a body and the desires with which they can modify it.
In the first days of the course there will be an introductory phase on the relationship between arts and cities, between arts and nomadism, on the practices conducted by Francesco Careri together with Stalker in Rome in the last twenty years. Then the peripatetic phase will begin, through long, aimless walks, with the intention of consciously get lost in the city. At this stage there will be some rules to follow: we don’t walk on sidewalks or asphalt; we can never go back; we don’t believes in private property; but above all: who waste time gain space. We will try to stay behind the built city, along the margins and borders, to reconstruct a unitary thread to the fragments of separate cities in which we live. But we will proceed in a cross-eyed way, towards a goal and towards what diverts it from the goal, disposing itself to road accidents, to the possibility of stumbling and of making a mistake. We will try to take the city by surprise, indirectly, sideways, playful, non-functional, to stumble into unexplored territories where new questions arise. Students will be asked to try to look at reality "with their heads under their legs", to overturn their points of view, to produce places through their actions, to transform their own living spaces with material and immaterial interventions, to find new ways to tell them.

molte informazioni sui contenuti e i risultati dei corsi degli ultimi anni si trovano nel blog: http://articiviche.blogspot.com/

testi da adottare
- FRANCESCO CARERI, WALKSCAPES. EL ANDAR COMO PRÀCTICA ESTÉTICA / WALKING AS AN AESTHETIC PRACTICE, EDITORIAL GUSTAVO GILI, BARCELLONA 2002, TRAD IT. WALKSCAPES. IL CAMMINARE COME PRATICA ESTETICA, EINAUDI, TORINO 2006.
- BRUCE CHATWIN, THE SONGLINES (1987), TRAD. IT. LE VIE DEI CANTI, ADELPHI, MILANO, 1988

Testi consigliati :
- FRANCESCO CARERI, LORENZO ROMITO, CAMPUS ROM, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, MATERA 2017
- ANNA DETHERIDGE, SCULTORI DELLA SPERANZA. L'ARTE NEL CONTESTO DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE, EINAUDI 2012
- AA.VV., INTERNAZIONALE SITUAZIONISTA 1958-69, NAUTILUS/STAMPATRE, TORINO, 1994
- FRANCESCO CARERI, CONSTANT / NEW BABYLON, UNA CITTÀ NOMADE, TESTO & IMMAGINE, TORINO, 2001
- FRANCO LA CECLA., PERDERSI, L'UOMO SENZA AMBIENTE, LATERZA, BARI, 1988
- PETER LANG, A CURA DI., SUBURBAN DISCIPLINE, PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, NEW YORK, 1997
- ROSALIND KRAUSS, PASSAGES IN MODERN SCULPTURE, MIT PRESS, 1981, TR. IT. PASSAGGI, BRUNO MONDADORI, MILANO, 1998

SYLLABUS
Basics of the harmonic motion of a simple oscillator.
Damped motion, forced motion, and resonance conditions.
Diffusion of longitudinal/transverse waves in a fluid and in a solid, and in particular wave propagation in soils.
Mechanical models of simple oscillators applied to structural problems
Study of frequencies and modes of proper oscillation in structures (modal analysis)
Dynamic effects of earthquake and wind on the morphological characteristics of buildings.

- Elementi di dinamica delle strutture, Luca Facchini, Esculapio
- Dinamica delle strutture e ingegneria sismica. Principi e applicazioni, Iunio Iervolino, Hoepli
- Dinamica delle strutture, Carlo Gavarini, ESA
- Appunti di lezione

The course will be mainly given following an inductive method, hints on theoretical models will be treated anyway.
In general, each topic will be introduced with the following scheme:
1) Practical exercise or study of example architectures
2) Interpretive theoretical models
3) Numerical Simulations

Following this scheme we will proceed to recall the basic concepts of some important structural types:
a) Rope, arch, elastic curve
b) Cable nets, systems of beams
c) Plates and Shells

The structural models will be presented through synthetic formulations and the solution of the model equations will be found through software. The students will be guided in software simulations and will learn the tools necessary to control the result of the simulations.
After the introduction of structural models, an overview of some methods for structural surfaces design will be given:
1) Form finding
a. Physical models
b. computational models
2) Optimization
a. Topological
b. Shape
Some software dedicated to such methods will be used.
The students, divided into groups, will develop a simple project by choosing one or more of the proposed methods.

1) Sigrid Adriaenssens, Philippe Block
Shell Structures for Architecture: Form Finding and Optimization
2) Giulio Pizzetti - Zorgno Trisciuoglio A. Maria
Principi statici e forme strutturali

The course “Transitional landscapes. Heritage making and mindscapes in time of global change” is structured in two main parts, intersected by small scale activities that involve the students’ participation throughout the whole duration of the course (oral presentations, short texts or drawings, etc.). Individual (preferred) and group works (max two members) are admitted.
The first engages in a cross-disciplinary debate intersecting heritage, architecture, social innovation, urban practice and psychology. It will include seminars held by scholars and practitioners from different fields to dive into the multiple – urban, human, non-human – layers composing the legacy of the city, considering their impact on social and mental wellbeing.
The second part will present a selection of national and international case studies, with a specific focus on some historical and present-day experiences in Rome and in the Lazio region. To explore the production of new urban common by means of heritage, the course will include site visits in some Living Labs of the city. Particularly, it will consider the Vigne Nuove Lab, activated in the district with the same name, where some of the activities of the CHANGES project (EU funded) will take place, and local experiences such as Museo della Mente (https://www.museodellamente.it/museo-laboratorio-della-mente/) and Mente in rete.
The course will conclude with the presentation of students’ research results, discussed in a final seminar collectively designed.

Boano, Camillo, and Cristina Bianchetti. 2022. Lifelines: Politics, Ethics, and the Affective Economy of Inhabiting. Berlin: Jovis.
Coolsaet, Brendan, ed. 2021. Environmental Justice: Key Issues. Abingdon; New York: Routledge.
DAAR Hilal, Sandi, and Alessandro Petti. 2021. Refugee Heritage. Riga: Livonia Print.
Lefebvre, Henri. 2014. Toward an Architecture of Enjoyment. edited by Ł. Stanek. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press.
Rodney Harrison, Caitlin DeSilvey, Cornelius Holtorf, Sharon Macdonald, Nadia Bartolini, Esther Breithoff, Harald Fredheim, Antony Lyons, Sarah May, Jennie Morgan, and Sefryn Penrose, eds. 2020. Heritage Futures: Comparative Approaches to Natural and Cultural Heritage Practices. London: UCL Press.
Russo, Michelangelo, Anna Attademo, Formato, and Francesca Garzilli. 2023. Transitional Landscapes. Macerata: Quodlibet.
Smith, Laurajane. 2021. Emotional Heritage: Visitor Engagement at Museums and Heritage Sites. Routledge.
Winnicott, D. W. 1971. Playing and Reality. London: Routledge.

Course 2023-24 traces the history of 20th century Italian architecture, from the Unification of Italy to the end of the century, focusing on the protagonists, works and themes of the architectural and urban planning debate. The course is divided into classroom lessons and outdoor visits. In A.Y. 2023-24 the course is dedicated to architecture in Rome, with particular attention to completed and unbuilt works, to the various movements read in relation to the international debate, to competitions and exhibitions, and to moments of continuity and discontinuity of theoretical discourse.
There will be talks by specialist scholars and a seminar dedicated to the work and figure of Marcello Piacentini, held by Prof. Paolo Nicoloso.

Marco Biraghi, Storia dell’architettura contemporanea 1945-2008, vol. II, Einaudi, Torino 2008.
Marco Biraghi, Storia dell’architettura italiana 1985-2015, Einaudi, Torino 2013.
Giorgio Ciucci, Gli architetti e il fascismo. Architettura e città 1922-1944, Einaudi, Torino 1989.
Giorgio Ciucci, Giorgio Muratore (a cura di), Storia dell’architettura contemporanea. Il primo Novecento, Electa, Milano 2004.
Francesco Dal Co (a cura di), Storia dell’architettura italiana. Il secondo Novecento, Electa, Milano 1997.
Manfredo Tafuri, Storia dell’architettura italiana 1944-1985, Einaudi, Torino 1986.

The course in Urban Morphology, optional, in English, provides 4 credits and is open to all students, including Erasmus ones.
The purpose of the morphological studies proposed by the course is the knowledge of the characters of the built environment and the recognition of its formation and transformation having as ultimate goal the architectural design open to multiple estetic synthesis.
It aims to teach a method of reading the physical form of the city through the understanding of the forming process common to urban fabrics and buildings, The term "reading" not indicates the neutral recording of phenomena, but an awareness which requires the active and dynamic contribution of the reader.
The basic notions of urban organism and forming process will be provided.

Basic text in online format (in English)
1. G. Strappa, L’architettura come processo (translated chapters), Franco Angeli, Milano 2015
The main chapters translated into English (useful to take the exam) can be found on the teacher's website (http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/) and are indicated below:
- Notes on base building - http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8400
- Learned language/everyday language . http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8340
- The aggregation process and the form of the fabric, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8380
- Special nodal building, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8159
- Architectural knotting, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8414
- Territory as architecture - http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8355 (text not incuded in the book)
Basic text in paper format (in English)
2. G. Caniggia, G.L. Maffei, Interpreting basic building (pages. 53 –164) , Altralinea, Firenze 2017
A good translation in French (on line) is: G. Caniggia, G.L. Maffei, Composition architectural et typologie du bati. 1 lecture du bati de base, traduit par p. larochelle, Université Laval, 2000 -http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/G.-Caniggia-Lecture-du-b%C3%A2ti-de-base-traduit-par-P.-Larochelle.pdf

Sentimental Topography. Project and site in the Other Modernity.
The course proposes a series of study itineraries through heterodox experiences of Modernity, in tension between the Baltic and the Mediterranean. Paths transversal to the canons crystallized by internationalism, which outline differentiated design approaches, supported by a common intention.
These are investigated not so much - or not only - in terms of their relations with local building traditions and site characteristics, but rather in terms of the compositional procedures that root the design of the new to the specificity of the site, through a hand-to-hand encounter between artefact and nature. The productive force of memory feeds the design thought, grafting the interventions on a terrain treated not as inert ground - as a pattern punctuated by isolated actions - but as a stratified system of signs, traceable and measurable, revealed by the design of the new.
Composition is the organization of the formal discourse, and of this the lectures - as well as the operative experiments that the students are required to carry out within the course - privilege the analysis of the criteria and procedures implemented to generate form and the study of the figurative variations that determine the character of architecture.
The aim is thus to bring out that inseparable link between analytical excavation and formal research, anchoring the theoretical dimension to the operative one and restoring to the project the role of a moment of synthesis of the relations between figure, form and construction. A poetic synthesis between art and technique, which denies the adoption of standardized procedures and redefines itself from time to time, in a cyclic dimension of time.
With these assumptions, the course will bring Scandinavian and from Iberian peninsula architects to the stage, passing from the Mediterranean as an obligatory reference for that search for origins that leads to another modernity, the path of which is still open today, in the topicality of its lesson.

Fernando Távora, On space organization (1962), in Estudo Prévio n. 20, Lisbon: CEACT/UAL Center for Studies of Architecture, City and Territory of the Autonomous University of Lisbon, 2022, p.29- 39.
Jörn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan 1962.
Christian Norberg-Schulz, Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, Rizzoli, New York, 1979.
Dimitris Pikionis, architect 1887-1968: A Sentimental Topography, Architectural Association, London, 1989.
Sigurd Lewerentz 1885-1975: The Dilemma of Classicism, Architectural Association, London, 1989.
José Ignacio Linazasoro, La memoria del orden. Paradojas del sentido de la arquitectura moderna, Abada Editores, Madrid, 2013.
Carlotta Torricelli, Classicismo di frontiera. Sigurd Lewerentz e la Cappella della Resurrezione/Frontier Classicism. Sigurd Lewerentz and the Chapel of the Resurrection, Il Poligrafo, Padova 2014.
Luigi Franciosini e Cristina Casadei, a cura di, Architettura e Patrimonio: progettare in un paese antico, Mancosu Editore, Roma 2015. (Edizione Italiana e Inglese).
Kenneth Frampton, The Other Modern Movement: Architecture, 1920–1970, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2021.
Álvaro Siza, Imagining the Evident, Monade, Lisbona, 2021.

The course is integrated and multidisciplinary, including Landscape Architecture and Urbanism. It is articulated in a series of theoretical-critical insights referring to the contemporary culture of landscape and urbanism. In parallel, a number of interaction practices are performed that require direct observation of the landscape and interaction with it, verifying over the duration of the course the effects of human/non-human, biotic/abiotic coexistence at the site taken as a study and action case.

• Bee, M. (2020). Spaces of indecision Manifatture Knos Setting a Precedent in Italy. In M. F. De Tullio (Ed.), Commons. Between Dreams and Reality (pp. 102–120). Creative Industry Košice.
• Care Collective, (2021). Manifesto della cura. Per una politica dell’interdipendenza. Alegre Edizioni.
• Celestini, G. (2018). Agire con il paesaggio. Aracne.
• Coccia, E. (2022). Metamorfosi. Siamo un’unica sola vita. Einaudi.
• de la Bellacasa, Maria (2017). Matters of Care: Speulative Ethics in More Than Human Words. University of Minnesota Press.
• Hirsch, A. (2014). The Landscape Imagination: Collected Essays of James Corner 1990-2010. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Metta, A. (2022). Il paesaggio è un mostro. Città selvatiche e nature ibride. Deriveapprodi.
• Papadopoulos, D. (2018). Experimental Practice. Technoscience, Alterontologies, and More-Than-Social Movements, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.
• Pellizzoni, L. (2016). Ontological Politics in a Disposable World: The New Mastery of Nature. Routledge.
• Ranzato, M., Vanin, F. (2021). Veneto 2100. Living with water. Silvana Editore.

The workshop proposes the theme "Rome in movement". In an increasingly digitalized world, open spaces for movement in a dense urban context are of immense importance. Students will be asked to map and analyze the current situation in some selected Roman neighborhoods to then develop an architectural landscape project on the theme "The courage to move, the courage to play".

The bibliography will be assigned by the teacher during the lessons

This course covers a temporal space between the last decade of the XIX century and the end of the XX century and gets through the complexity of historical tangles, which carried out to the birth of the modern forms and their rise. It is considered as a wide-ranging space that comprises not only the works of the innovative architects, bound up with the avant-garde or with the great ideals (like the design of machinery or the organicism), but also the works sometimes revolutionary that refers to the vernacular tradition.
This course is divided into different lines: the great, general themes (the historical contest, the programmes, the ideas, Modern and Tradition); the great figures of architects; the philology and constructive analysis of works (both realized and only planned) and the historiographical interpretations.

Sigfried Giedion, Spazio, Tempo ed Architettura, Ulrico Hoepli Editore, Milano 1954.
William.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Phaidon Press, Milano 1996.
Elie G. Haddad, David Rifkind (ed.), A Critical History of Contemporary Architecture: 1960-2010, Routledge, Oxford 2014.

This course aims at providing a critical approach towards the “changing ideals” of contemporary architecture, starting from the opposing forces of the notions of classical and modern during the Age of Enlightenment. Through descriptions of different historical and geographical contexts, a selected series of masterworks from XIX to XX Century will be discussed in terms of form, structure, functions, specifically considering how they have contributed to past and contemporary architectural debate. This path will include the "architecture parlante" by C.-N. Ledoux up to Le Corbusier, the Arts and Craft Movement and the organic approach by Frank Lloyd Wright, from the British 2ndPost-war Neoavant-gardes to the Dutch architecture of diagrams in the 1990's.

P. Burger, Teoria dell’avanguardia, Torino 1990 (1974)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
R. Middleton, D. Watkin, Architettura dell’Ottocento, Milano 1977
N. Pevsner, J. Fleming, H. Honour, Dizionario di architettura, Torino 1981 (1966)
H. Sedlmayr, Perdita del centro: le arti figurative del diciannovesimo e ventesimo secolo come sintomo e simbolo di un'epoca, Torino 1967 (1947)
M. Tafuri, La sfera e il labirinto, Torino 1980