Optional group:
SCELTA DA 12 CFU - (show)
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20401000 -
PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(objectives)
Provide students with the foundations of the modern techniques of imaging supplemented by some lab exercises that allow them to
deepen later the topics covered and fit into this subject field of advanced research as well as basic clinical applications
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FABBRI ANDREA
( syllabus)
Programma del Corso di Strumentazione Fisica per la Medicina e la Biologia
1. Interazione particelle e fotoni con la materia
2. Leggi del decadimento radioattivo
3. Isotopi di interesse per la medicina nucleare
4. Radiologia
5. Tomografia assiale compiute rizzata
6. Spect e Pet
7. Risonanza magnetica nucleare
8. Ecografia
9. Elementi di teoria degli acceleratori
10. Elementi di radioterapia.
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20401070 -
DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL OF EXPERIMENTS
(objectives)
To provide the student with the basic knowledge of the construction of a nuclear physics experiment as a function of data collection from
detector, control equipment and experiment, monitoring the proper functioning of the apparatus and the quality of the acquired data
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RUGGIERI FEDERICO
( syllabus)
The programme has the following topics:
- Introduction to DAQ systems
- Parallelisation and Pipelining
- De-randomisation
- DAQ and Trigger
- Data Transmission
- Front End Electronics
- Trigger
- Computing Systems Architectures
- Real Time Systems
- Real Time Operating Systems
- C Language
- TCP/IP Network Protocol
- DAQ Architectures
- Event Building
- VME Bus
- Run Control
- Farming
- Data Archiving
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20401858 -
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS
(objectives)
Introduce students to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and
the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing
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ARAGNO DANILO
( syllabus)
The development of the program will mainly take place using the field study methodology with a guided internship in a Health Physics Unit of a Hospital Company.
Basic topics.
Physical quantities and units of measurement; Typical detectors for diagnostics and therapy with ionizing radiation; Diagnostic and therapy equipment; Principles of dosimetry of radiation beams, calculation and measurement of the dose; notes on the planning of therapeutic treatment plans; Radioactive decays and main radionuclides of medical use and; General principles of radioprotection, the role of images and information systems in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields; Health effects and physical risks in Magnetic Resonance
STAGE program
SECTOR: Physics in Radiotherapy
1) Dosimetry: Dose concept and its measurement.
2) Instrumentation for relative dosimetry: point detectors and bidimensional detectors.
3) Examples of dose measurements in photon beams with different devices.
4) Vision of the Linear Accelerator installations of the Radiotherapy Unit. Description and outline of the principles of operation of a linear accelerator. Vision of the TC installation dedicated to the centering of RT patients.
5) Vision of the systems for treatment plans (TPS) supplied. Illustration of the general principles of a TPS: structure and functions.
6) Realization of a simple treatment plan with an illustration of the fundamental criteria necessary for its setting.
SECTOR: Physics in Diagnostic Imaging
7) Vision Radiiagnostics equipment, examples and illustrations. Description and overview of operating principles.
8) Mink and illustration of the instrumentation and the phantoms used for Quality Controls.
9) Examples of image analysis for the purpose of Quality Controls in MRI and Radiodiagnostics.
SECTOR: Physics in Nuclear Medicine
10) Vision of Nuclear Medicine equipment. Description and overview of operating principles.
11) Mink and illustration of the instrumentation and puppets used for Quality Controls in MN.
12) Examples of image analysis for Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine.
SECTOR: Radiation Protection and Security
13) Vision of an RM SITE: description and outline of the operating principles of an RM system. Safety issues of patients and operators.
14) Instrumentation and dosimetry of personnel exposed to ionizing radiation
( reference books)
- FONDAMENTI DI DOSIMETRIA DELLE RADIAZIONI IONIZZANTI ( IV Edizione)
Raffaele Fedele Laitano
ENEA
http://www.enea.it/it/seguici/pubblicazioni/pdf-volumi/FondamentidosimetriaradiazioniionizzantiIV.pdf
- Altro materiale didattico fornito dal docente
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20402146 -
HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
(objectives)
Provide students with an overview of the key phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to the phenomena of growth
of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and blacks holes) and the phenomena of particle acceleration
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BIANCHI STEFANO
( syllabus)
COMPACT OBJECTS: WHITE DWARFS, NEUTRON STARS, THE CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT, PULSARS, BLACK HOLES
ACCRETION: THEORY, EDDINGTON LIMIT, ACCRETION DISKS
X-RAY BINARIES: CLASSIFICATION AND PHENOMENOLOGY, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES, LOW-MASS AND HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES, BLACK HOLE CANDIDATES
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: CLASSIFICATION AND PHENOMENOLOGY, X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, JETS, SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS
GAMMA RAY BURSTS: PHENOMENOLOGY, ORIGIN, EMISSION MECHANISMS
CLUSTER OF GALAXIES: EMISSION FROM THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM, COOLING FLOWS
COSMIC RAYS: COMPOSITION, SPECTRUM AND ORIGIN, SUPERNOVA REMNANTS, ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS
( reference books)
(LONGAIR MALCOM S. ) HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS 3RD ED. [CAMBRIDGE 2011]
(KIPPENHAHN R., WEIGERT A.) STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION [SPRINGER 1994]
(G.B. RYBICKI, A.P. LIGHTMAN) RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN ASTRIPHYSICS [WILEY]
(VIETRI M.) ASTROFISICA DELLE ALTE ENERGIE [BORINGHIERI]
(SHAPIRO S.L, TEUKOLSKY S.A.) BLACK HOLES, WHITE DWARFS AND NEUTRON STARS [WILEY]
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20402151 -
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS - MODULE A
(objectives)
The course is devoted to a review of the interdisciplinar research activity in elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The main topics concerning both fields of elementary particle physics and astrophysics will be discussed in the framework of a phenomenological description and taking into account the main detectors actually on data taking or planned in the near future.
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BUSSINO SEVERINO ANGELO MARIA
( syllabus)
Phenomenological topics in Astroparticle Physics. Common problems in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.Dark Matter. Cosmic Rays. Cosmic Rays Acceleration. Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Oscillation. Lepton Number non-conservation and double beta decay. Baryon Number non-conservation and proton decay. CP violation and the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
( reference books)
K. Thomas Gaisser Cosmic rays and particle physics Cambridge 1990
Malcom S. Longair High energy astrophysics Cambridge 1992
H. V. Klapdor - Kleingrothaus and A. Staudt Non - Accelerator particle physics Bristol 1995
Donald H. Perkins Particle Astrophysics, second edition Oxford 2009
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20402152 -
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS - MODULE B
(objectives)
The course aims to introduce students to research on issues in common between Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research topics
are being studied by the international scientific community we will be discussed within a unitary scheme, with particular attention
phenomenological interpretation and proposals for the creation of new experimental setups
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MARI STEFANO MARIA
( syllabus)
Experimental Astroparticle Physics: detectors for Cosmic Ray measurement, Dark Matter search by direct approach, neutrino oscillation parameter measurement, Gravitational Wave measurement.
( reference books)
K. THOMAS GAISSER
COSMIC RAYS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS CAMBRIDGE 1990
MALCOM S. LONGAIR
HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS CAMBRIDGE 1992
H. V. KLAPDOR - KLEINGROTHAUS AND A. STAUDT NON - ACCELERATOR PARTICLE PHYSICS
BRISTOL 1995
DONALD H. PERKINS
PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS, SECOND EDITION OXFORD 2009
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20402155 -
MEASUREMENTS IN ASTROPHYSICS
(objectives)
Enable students to analyze independently and critically different types of astrophysical data
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DE ROSA Alessandra
( syllabus)
Section I: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
1. Definition and classification: BH paradigm, accretion, AGN Radio Loud / Radio quiet, Unified Model
2. AGN Astrophysics: X-ray Properties of AGN-RQ, Emission Models: Comptonization, Absorption & Outflow Properties
3. AGN astrophysics: X-ray reflection, relativistic effects observed in X-ray band
Section II: X-ray detectors and telescopes
1. X-ray detectors: Revealing Techniques
2. Solid State Detectors, Charged Coupled Devices (CCD)
3. collimated and focused optical systems
4. X-ray Telescopes: efficiency, sensitivity, energy resolution, angular resolution, effective area
5. Space Telescopes: ESA / XMM-Newton, NASA / Chandra and NASA / NuStar
Section III Data analysis
1. Analysis tools: study of energy distribution (emission spectrum), study of temporal behavior (light curve), study of variability (power spectrum and reverberation)
2. Statistical/systematics errors
3. background
4. S/N: signal to noise ratio
5. observation and maximization of the S / N
Section IV: XMM-epic data analysis tutorial
1. Searching on data archives
2. Imaging Analysis techniques: DS9
3. Spectral analysis techniques: xspec
4. Temporal analysis techniques: xronos
Section V: Optical band data analysis
Section VI: Write a (Successful?) Observational Proposal
1. Feasibility study
2. Estimating the needed exposure to achieve the scientific goal
3. Target Visibility
( reference books)
notes perpared by the teacher
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20402259 -
PHYSICS OF CLIMATE
(objectives)
The course is aimed to provide basic, theoretical and experimental knowledge in the field of Climate Physics and Climate Change
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Pasini Antonello
( syllabus)
first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani
Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).
second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini
Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.
( reference books)
Testi
F. W. Taylor (2005), Elementary Climate Physics, Oxford.
K. McGuffie & A. Henderson-Sellers (2014), The Climate Modelling Primer, 4th Edition, Wiley.
-
fiorani luca
( syllabus)
first part
Dr. Luca Fiorani
Definition of climate (climatology and meteorology). The climate system (atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, Sun).
The solar radiation and the energy balance of the Earth (solar physics calls, laws of radiation, absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere).
Atmosphere and Climate (recalls of composition, structure and circulation of the atmosphere).
Clouds and aerosols (calls processes of condensation and cloud formation).
Ocean and climate (recalls composition, structure and ocean circulation).
Radiative transfer (calls of absorption, emission and radiative transfer of the atmosphere).
The greenhouse effect (the atmosphere as greenhouse gas emissions, the calculation of the energy balance, greenhouse models).
The ozone layer (ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere, photochemical production of ozone, ozone measurements, "hole" ozone).
Climate observation with remote sensing (measurements from land, satellite measurements, infrared instruments, tools "limb viewing", applications of remote sensing to studies climate).
Climate sensitivity and climate change (changes astronomical, solar, atmospheric, oceanic and temperature fluctuations).
Atmosphere of other planets.
Climate and society.
Multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (seminar Dr. Salvatore Marullo).
Lidar measurement of greenhouse gases (visit to the ENEA Frascati Research Center).
second part
Dr. Antonello Pasini
Introduction to climate models. The conceptual path from observations to simulations. Dynamic and statistical approaches. Hierarchy of climate models and their components, types of models, the concept of parameter.
Models Power Budget (EBM). General structure of an EBM, EBM 0-dimensional, one-dimensional EBM, parameter in EBM, applications.
Radiative-convective models (RC) and models Intermediate Complexity (EMIC). Radiative-convective and radiative balance in climate models and implementation at intermediate complexity.
Global Climate Models (GCMs). Structure of a GCM, components and interactions, fundamental equations and their modeling. Activities and results of attribution. Validation of climate models.
Elements of regional climate modeling and downscaling techniques.
Scenarios and climate projections for the XXI century.
Analyze the climate and its changes from another point of view: neural network models and analysis of Granger causality. Details on techniques and results of attribution. Downscaling with neural network models.
( reference books)
Testi
F. W. Taylor (2005), Elementary Climate Physics, Oxford.
K. McGuffie & A. Henderson-Sellers (2014), The Climate Modelling Primer, 4th Edition, Wiley.
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20402026 -
PHYSICS OF THE IONOSPHERE AND PHYSICS OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE
(objectives)
Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of the ionospheric plasma and its instability through a description of the structure, composition and formation
ionosphere, as well as the main dynamics present in this transition zone. One goal is to give students the tools to enable
an analysis on the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and precipitation of magnetospheric particles in the broader framework of the study
interactions Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere. Give fundamental knowledge on the physics of magnetospheric processes, perturbation and, through the
study of the interactions earth-sun, of the particles trapped in the Van Allen belts and interactions of the latter with the residual atmosphere
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SCOTTO Carlo
( syllabus)
1. Introduction: purpose of the course and presentation of topics.
2. Fundamentals of Plasma magneto-ionospheric Physics and and magnetoionic theory
Cold plasma, frequency dispersion, plasma frequency, Debye distance, mean free path, plasma gyrofrequncy, plasma condition, betatron acceleration, Fermi acceleration. Frozen in magnetic field. Phase refractive index for radio waves in a plasma without collisions and with collisions in the absence of magnetic field, the interpretation of the imaginary part of the refractive index. Telegraph equation. Group velocity. Group refractive index without collision and without magnetic field.
Reference: lecture notes, files 1. The constitutive relations. Reference: lecture notes, files 2. Group refractive indices with magnetic field with collisions and without collisions: the Appleton-Hartree equation. Reference: lecture notes, files 3. The zeros of the phase refractive index with and without collisions. Rule of Booker. Reference:lecture notes, files 4.
3. Foundumental circum-terrestrial environment.
Structure of the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere, fundamentals of region D, the Earth's magnetic field and magnetosphere.
Reference: M. Kelley, "The Earth's Ionosphere", chapter 1.
4. Waves and instabilities in the magneto-ionospheric plasma
Electro-acoustic and ion acoustic waves.Reference: J.K. Hargreaves "The solar terrestrial environment"§2.7.3, p 39-40 in particular, for the ion acoustic waves: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_acoustic_wave, Farley-Beunmann instability Reference: M. Kelley, "The Earth's Ionosphere", §4.7 pp. 187-191, Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Reference: J.K. Hargreaves "The Solar Terrestrial Environment" §2.8.3 p . 41-42, cyclotron waves, Alfven waves, whistlers, pure and modified Alfven waves Reference: JK Hargreaves "the solar terrestrial environment" §2.7.1 p. 35-38, Lagmuir waves as example https://cds.cern.ch/record/2203630/files/1418884_51-65.pdf, §2.1 Longitudinal (Langmuir) waves, pag 58)
More simply, for this unit the student Teaching can take as reference his own lecture notes.
5. Elements of ionospheric radio propagation
Partial reflection from a layer, diffraction by a screen with small irregularities, oblique propagation.
Reference: J. K. Hargreaves "The solar terrestrial environment" §2.5.2, §2.5.3, §2.5.4, §2.6.1, §2.6.2, §2.6.3
6. Ionosphere
Absorption processes, attenuation of radiation in gases, deposition of energy in the upper atmosphere: Chapman function. Earth's ionosphere: historical notes, vertical profile of electron density, ionospheric temperature, production and loss of ionization, ionospheric regions, electronic equilibrium, vertical profile of electron density in the E region and the F2 region. Reference: G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment, § 3.2., Introduction of chapter 4, § 4.1, § 4.2, § 4.3. F1 Layer. Reference: lecture notes, files 1. E layer. Reference: lecture notes, file 2. Further notes on the F1 layer. Reference: lecture notes, file 3. Atmospheric gravity waves (GWS) Reference: lecture notes, file 4. Observation of the effect of GWS in the ionosphere: the Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). Reference: lecture notes, file 5. Petersen, Hall and parallel conductivities Reference: lecture notes, file 6. Ionograms and ionospheric models. Reference: lecture notes, files 7. Additional notes on ionograms and their inversion: Reference: lecture notes, file 8. Z ray: Reference: lecture notes, file 9.
7. Magnetosphere
Foundamentals. The geomagnetic field near the Earth. Charged particles motions in the geomagnetic field. of gyration motion, oscillatory motion ( "Bounce"), drift motions, gradient drift, neutral sheet drift, drift due to external forces, ambipolar drift (drift or ExB), drift due to the curvature of the field lines, Coulomb collisions. Particles populations in the inner magnetosphere, radiation belts, ring current, plasmasphere. The distant geomagnetic field, configuration and classification, the currents on the dayside of the magnetosphere, particle reflection and the current formation, current system of the geomagnetic tail. Particle population in the outer magnetosphere, magnetotail plasma sheet, magnetotail lobe plasma, magnetospheric boundary layer. Magnetoplasma waves in the magnetosphere. References: G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment § 5. Diffuse and discreet aurora. Reference: G.W. Prölss" Physics of the Earth's Space Environment §7.4.3, p. 372.
Textbooks:
1) G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment"
2) J. K. Hargreaves "The solar terrestrial environment"
3) M. Kelley, "The Earth's Ionosphere"
4) Appunti di lezione.
( reference books)
For Academic Year 2016-2017:
1) G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment"
2) J. K. Hargreaves "The solar terrestrial environment"
3) M. Kelley, "The Earth's Ionosphere"
4) Appunti di lezione.
For Academic Year 2016-2017 we will be using:
1) G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment"
2) Appunti di lezione.
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20402380 -
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(objectives)
The course is designed to provide basic knowledge, both theoretical and experimental, in the field of Physics Ionizing Radiation and radiometric methods
in Physics of the Earth and the Environment
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PLASTINO WOLFANGO
( syllabus)
Atoms, Nuclides, and Radionuclides
Radiation sources.
Radiation interactions.
Counting Statistics.
Geochemistry of Radiogenic Isotopes
Mixing Theory.
Origin of Igneous Rock.
Water and Sediment.
The Oceans.
Thermonuclear Radionuclides
Fission Products of Transuranium Elements.
90Sr in the Environment.
137Cs in the Environment.
The 90Sr/137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 241Am in the Arctic Ocean.
General Properties of Radiation Detectors
Ionizing chambers.
Proportional and Geiger-Mueller counters.
Scintillation Detectors.
Germanium Gamma-Ray Detectors.
Geochronometry
The Rb-Sr Method.
The K-Ar Method.
The 40Ar/39Ar Method.
The Sm-Nd Method.
The U-Pb, Th-Pb, and Pb-Pb Methods.
The 14C Method.
The 3H/3He Method.
Application of Tracer Technology to the Environment
Atmospheric Transport Modeling.
Groundwater dynamics.
Nuclear non-proliferation.
( reference books)
Knoll G.F. - Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, 2010 - ISBN:9780470649725
Faure G. and Mensing T.M - Isotopes-Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2004 - ISBN:9780471384373
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20401253 -
Physics of Liquids
(objectives)
Physics of Liquids:
The course offers an introduction to modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of the fluids from the laws of force
interatomic. We will be studied theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow to describe the structure of the liquid. Will introduce methods
numerical simulation on computer applied to the physics of liquids. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with
application to the study of the dynamics of fluids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic. Memory functions will be introduced. They will be treated the
physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition
-
ROVERE MAURO
( syllabus)
1- Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.
Extensive and intensive thermodynamics functions. Equilibrium conditions. Legendre transforms and thermodynamic potentials. Stability conditions for the phases. Phase transitions and their classification. Van der Waals equation. Recall theory of ensembles in Statistical Mechanics. Fluctuations.
2- Atomic interactions and short range order.
Characterization of the liquid state of matter. Forces between atoms and effective potentials. Distribution functions in canonical and grand canonical ensembles. Radial distribution function and relationship with thermodynamics. The static structure factor. Measurement of the structure of a liquid by diffusion techniques. Hierarchical equation for distribution functions. Mean force potential. Ornstein-Zernike equation. Direct correlation function. Static response function. Closure relations. Approximation of hypernetted chains (HNC). Approximation of Percus-Yevick (PY). PY Solution for hard sphere liquid. State equation for hard spheres. Thermodynamic inconsistency. Modified HNC theory. Structure factor of liquid mixtures and molecular fluids.
3- Computer simulation of fluid systems.
Stochastic and deterministic simulation methods. Method of Molecular Dynamics. Algorithms à la Verlet. Molecular dynamics at constant temperature and constant pressure. The Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo simulation in different ensembles.
4- Liquid dynamics.
Time dependent correlation functions. Anelastic diffusion of neutrons and measure of the dynamic structure factor. Van Hove's correlation functions. Principle of detailed balance. Linear response theory. Response function. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Particle diffusion. Diffusion coefficient. Velocity correlation function. Hydrodynamics and collective modes. Brillouin scattering.
5- Metastable states, supercooled liquids and glass transtion.
Stability and metastability. Spinodal curve from the Van der Waals equation. Fluctuations and behavior of the correlation functions close to the critical point. Supercooled liquids and glass transition. Angell diagram. Outline of the dynamics and the Mode Coupling theory. Configurational entropy and the Kauzmann's temperature.
( reference books)
J.P. Hansen and I.R. McDonald, Theory of Simple Liquids, seconda edizione, Academic Press.
N. H. March and M. P. Tosi, Introduction to Liquid State Physics, World Scientific.
P. G. Debenedetti, Metastable Liquids, Princeton University Press.
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20410050 -
FISICA DELLE NANOSTRUTTURE
(objectives)
Give the student a thorough understanding of the physical properties of low dimensional systems with nanometer feature sizes.
Illustrate the principles and methods of realization of nanotechnology
-
DI GASPARE LUCIANA
( syllabus)
HETEROJUNCTIONS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES. 2, 1, -0 DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS: ELECTRONIC STATES AND DENSITY OF STATES. 2DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES. CHARACTERISTICS LENGTHS FOR THE ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN LOW DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS. T-MATRICES AN RESONANT TUNNELLING. INTERFERENCE OF WAVE FUNCTIONS. AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT. BALISTIC TRANSPORT AND CONDUCTANCE QUANTIZATION IN 1D SYSTEMS. MAGNETOTRANSPORT: SHUBNIKOV-DE HAAS OSCILLATIONS AND QUANTUM HALL EFFECT. SINGLE ELECTRON TUNNELING AND COULOMB BLOCKAFDE EFFECTS. SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR. GRAPHENE: STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES: INTERBAND TRANSITIONS IN QUANTUM WELLS; EXCITONS IN 2D SYSTEMS; INTERSUBBANDTRANSITIONS. LIGHT-EMITTERS: GAIN COEFFICIENT; DIODE LASERS, HETEROSTRUCTURE LASERS, QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS (BRIEF).
( reference books)
DATTA S.: ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT IN MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ]
FERRY D.K. AND GOODNICK S.M.: TRANSPORT IN NANOSTRUCTURES [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ]
DAVIES J. H. : THE PHYSICS OF LOW DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS)
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20410051 -
FISICA DELLE SUPERFICI E INTERFACCE
(objectives)
Introduce students to basic knowledge of properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces
-
OFFI FRANCESCO
( syllabus)
- Surface of a solid and solid/solid interface: general notions, historical development and applications
- Thermodynamics, crystallography and structure: two-dimensional lattices and superstructures; reciprocal lattice and Brillouin azone - surface tension and crystals shape; structural defects; relaxation and reconstruction; solid/solid interfaces; nucleation and thin film growth
- Electronic properties: surface electronic states; three-dimensional bands; band mapping with the photoemission technique; image states and core level shift; electronic states in semiconductors; the work function; surface and adsorbed vibrations; surface phonon observation methods; surface plasmons and polaritons
- Adsorption and desorption: physisorption and chemisorption; dissociative adsorption; adsorption and work function; interactions between adsorbed species; bi-dimensional phase transitions; adsorption kinetics; desorption
- Experimental techniques: general concepts of ultra high vacuum; pumping systems; vacuum components; preparation of a clean surface; vacuum deposition techniques
- Surface magnetism: electronic structure and anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials; magnetization and magnetic surface anisotropy; spin-polarized photoemission; magnetic dichroism; photoemission electron microscope for detecting magnetic domains
- Microscopy: scanning and transmission electron microscope; probe scanning microscopy: scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope
( reference books)
Philip Hofmann, Surface Physics
Hans Lüth, Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films (Springer-Verlag, 2010)
K. Oura, et al., Surface Science, An Introduction (Springer-Verlag, 2003)
Andrew Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces (Cambridge University press, 1992)
Gabor A. Somorjai, Introduction to surface chemistry and catalysis (Wiley, 2010)
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6
|
FIS/03
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20410049 -
FISICA DEI DISPOSITIVI ELETTRONICI ED OPTOELETTRONICI
(objectives)
The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methodologies for the study, simulation and analysis of electronic and optoelectronic devices solid state.
Will discuss the physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on wide-gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, so
as the more traditional ones manufactured in silicon. In addition, through appropriate scaling laws, the analyzed glimpsed limits for current technologies with
the indication of the possible solutions
-
CONTE GENNARO
( syllabus)
Metal-Semiconductor junction. The Schottky diode. Work function and electronic affinity. Ideal I-V curve. Ohmic contact. Surface charge and Debye length. Transport inside the SCR. Thermionic current. Drift-diffusion components. Schottky effect. Charge carriers in the SCR: evaluation of Nd and Vbi. Uniform doping. Metal-n+-n eteroface.
Charge transport mechanisms in dielectric and semiconductor materials. Point defects and electronic states. Frenkel-Poole and Poole effect. Child-Langmuir law. Space charge limited current (SCLC regime). Fowler-Nordheim current. Impedance Spectroscopy. Applications: characterization of thin oxides; polycrystalline materials; silicon nanowires.
Unipolar devices: JFET e MESFET. Channel resistance. iDS VGS trans-characteristic. iDS VDS. Transconductance, gm. Channel conductance, gd. The JFET used as a signal amplifier. MESFET static and dynamic response. Gradual channel model. Small signal model. Series resistance effects. Deviations from ideality. Field dependent charge mobility.
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor structures. MIS diode. Overall capacitance. Thermal equilibrium analysis. Interface states. Charge inside the oxide. MOS electronics. Frequency dependent diode’s capacitance. Depletion and enrichment mode MOSFET. Threshold voltage. Characteristic parameters. Charge control model. Channel modulation. Floating gate MOSFET. FAMOS. CMOS. Latch-up. Geometrical effects of miniaturization: Sub-threshold currents. Hot carriers. Scale law. Pspice model.
( reference books)
S.M. Sze, K. K. Ng - Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3rd ed., Wiley
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6
|
FIS/03
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20402354 -
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
(objectives)
This course aims to provide a perspective on the modern developments of Statistical Mechanics. In particular, by starting from the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, it is shown how the concepts lying at the basis of the Renormalization Group method emerged. This method is nowadays largely used in several different fields of Statistical Mechanics. Its application to critical phenomena is the classical and paradigmatic example and, as such, is illustrated in detail in the course.
|
6
|
FIS/02
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20410097 -
FOTONICA QUANTISTICA
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to familiarise with the basic concepts of laser physics, as well with the second-quantisation description of the electromagnetic field. A phenomenological approach will be followed throughout the lectures.
-
BARBIERI MARCO
( syllabus)
The physics of laser: blackbody radiation, Einstein equation, interaction of light with a two-level atom, gain and attenuation. Optical transitions in semiconductors. CW and pulsed operation of a laser.
Optical coherence and quantisation of the e.m. field: classical theory of fluctuations, first- and second-order coherence. E.m. field as a harmonic oscillator, quantisation and quantum theory of optical coherence. Number states, coherent states, and thermal states. Interaction picture: beam splitter and squeezing hamiltonians. Homodyne detection and photon counting. Quasi-probability distributions.
Non-linear optics: introduction and classical treatment. Brief sketching of the quantum treatment. Second-order non-linear effects: second-harmonic generation, sum- and difference-frequency generation, parametric down conversion. Third-order effects: optical Kerr effect and self-phase modulation, filamentation. Nonlinear Schroedinger equation and temporal solitons.
Quantum correlations: local realism and EPR-Bohm paradox. Bell's inequality, and its optical test.
( reference books)
R. Loudon, The quantum theory of light.
O. Svelto, Principles of lasers.
R. Boyd, Nonlinear optics.
J.S. Bell, Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics.
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6
|
FIS/03
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20410098 -
FISICA DEI PIANETI DEL SISTEMA SOLARE ED ESOPIANETI
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide adequate knowledge about the physics of the solar system planets and exoplanets, regarding in particular atmospheric, surface and sub-superficial surveying techniques.
Group:
1
-
CERRONI Priscilla
( syllabus)
1 Solar System Part
- Overall description of the Solar System, mass and angular momentum distribution, astrophysical variables.
- Overall description of planets, their main characteristics ; description of planetary satellites systems and of minor bodies of the Solar System.
- Terrestrial planets: main characteristics and evolutive processes of planetary surfaces.
- Terrestrial planets: thermal history, impact cratering processes, volcanism, tectonics.Comparative planetology.
- Meteorites and minor bodies; radiometric dating and clues for the formation of the Solar System.
- Giant planets
- Planetary satellites
- Internal structure of planets, different evolution of terrestrial and giant planets.
- Planetary atmospheres
2 Extrasolar Planets Part
- Historical Introduction
- Exo planets Indirect discovery methods
- Exo planets Direct discovery methods
- Exo Planets Characteristics
- Physics of extrasolar Planets
- Characterization and results
- Which Life?
- Habitability and Habitable Zone
- The search for life
3 Common Part
- Introduction to the Planetary formation Theory
( reference books)
- There is no official text of the course. A suggested text is the following: Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer, Planetary Sciences, Cambridge University Press. During the course several scientific review papers will be suggested by the lecturers.
Material
- Course slides
- Scientific papers
Group:
2
-
CLAUDI Riccardo
( syllabus)
1 Solar System Part
- Overall description of the Solar System, mass and angular momentum distribution, astrophysical variables.
- Overall description of planets, their main characteristics ; description of planetary satellites systems and of minor bodies of the Solar System.
- Terrestrial planets: main characteristics and evolutive processes of planetary surfaces.
- Terrestrial planets: thermal history, impact cratering processes, volcanism, tectonics.Comparative planetology.
- Meteorites and minor bodies; radiometric dating and clues for the formation of the Solar System.
- Giant planets
- Planetary satellites
- Internal structure of planets, different evolution of terrestrial and giant planets.
- Planetary atmospheres
2 Extrasolar Planets Part
- Historical Introduction
- Exo planets Indirect discovery methods
- Exo planets Direct discovery methods
- Exo Planets Characteristics
- Physics of extrasolar Planets
- Characterization and results
- Which Life?
- Habitability and Habitable Zone
- The search for life
3 Common Part
- Introduction to the Planetary formation Theory
( reference books)
- There is no official text of the course. A suggested text is the following: Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer, Planetary Sciences, Cambridge University Press. During the course several scientific review papers will be suggested by the lecturers.
Material
- Course slides
- Scientific papers
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6
|
FIS/05
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20410096 -
Educational & Outreach - La comunicazione della scienza
(objectives)
Provide students with the basic concepts of communication, such as techniques for public speaking and for the preparation of presentation materials and scientific communication texts. To gain expertise on the design and implementation of communication products (images, audio, video) and the Communication Plan (to organize the communication of an event or science project) .
Group:
1
-
BERNIERI ENRICO
( syllabus)
This course is based on the use of case studies, intersting examples of science communication that will be presented and analysed during the lessons.
On the examples of these case studies, communication laboratories and practical activities will be organized. Students will work in team, guided by researchers and professional communicators, to plan and produce specific communication tools (articles, websites, blogs, audio/video etc).
The course will also take in account the technological aspects related to communication, introducing and examining selected open source software.
The program
The course is 52 hours long, including 40 ore of lessons and 12 hours of lab activities. 12 hours are in common with the “Communcating Science” PhD course.
Introduction to science communication
• The postulates of communication: from body language to the communication plan
• About science communication: why should we communicate science?
• Different types of communication, including in the academic & research world
• Planning an event for the public: the 5 steps strategy
• Visual communication and science
Speaking to the public about science
• Introduction to verbal communication: from public talks to press conferences
• The basics of public speaking in science
• Slides, audio/video and multimedia tools
Writing about science
• Introducing science journalism
• Differences between a scientific article, a press release and outreach articles
• Writing for video: the storyboard
Visual communication of science
• How to communicate science with images
• How to plan and produce an image
Communicating science on web
• How is science communicated on the web
• Science and web 2.0
• How to plan and produce a website
Organization of a public event
• The communication plan of a public event
• Organizing an astronomical observation event
( reference books)
"The hands-on guide for science communicators: a step.by-step approach to public outreach" di Lars Lindberg Christensen
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdid=book-GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
Group:
2
-
GIACOMINI Livia
( syllabus)
Communicating science
This course is based on the use of case studies, intersting examples of science communication that will be presented and analysed during the lessons.
On the examples of these case studies, communication laboratories and practical activities will be organized. Students will work in team, guided by researchers and professional communicators, to plan and produce specific communication tools (articles, websites, blogs, audio/video etc).
The course will also take in account the technological aspects related to communication, introducing and examining selected open source software.
The program
The course is 52 hours long, including 40 ore of lessons and 12 hours of lab activities. 12 hours are in common with the “Communcating Science” PhD course.
Introduction to science communication
• The postulates of communication: from body language to the communication plan
• About science communication: why should we communicate science?
• Different types of communication, including in the academic & research world
• Planning an event for the public: the 5 steps strategy
• Visual communication and science
Speaking to the public about science
• Introduction to verbal communication: from public talks to press conferences
• The basics of public speaking in science
• Slides, audio/video and multimedia tools
Writing about science
• Introducing science journalism
• Differences between a scientific article, a press release and outreach articles
• Writing for video: the storyboard
Visual communication of science
• How to communicate science with images
• How to plan and produce an image
Communicating science on web
• How is science communicated on the web
• Science and web 2.0
• How to plan and produce a website
Organization of a public event
• The communication plan of a public event
• Organizing an astronomical observation event
( reference books)
"The hands-on guide for science communicators: a step.by-step approach to public outreach" di Lars Lindberg Christensen
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdid=book-GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
Group:
3
-
DE ANGELIS ILARIA
( syllabus)
Communicating science
This course is based on the use of case studies, intersting examples of science communication that will be presented and analysed during the lessons.
On the examples of these case studies, communication laboratories and practical activities will be organized. Students will work in team, guided by researchers and professional communicators, to plan and produce specific communication tools (articles, websites, blogs, audio/video etc).
The course will also take in account the technological aspects related to communication, introducing and examining selected open source software.
The program
The course is 52 hours long, including 40 ore of lessons and 12 hours of lab activities. 12 hours are in common with the “Communcating Science” PhD course.
Introduction to science communication
• The postulates of communication: from body language to the communication plan
• About science communication: why should we communicate science?
• Different types of communication, including in the academic & research world
• Planning an event for the public: the 5 steps strategy
• Visual communication and science
Speaking to the public about science
• Introduction to verbal communication: from public talks to press conferences
• The basics of public speaking in science
• Slides, audio/video and multimedia tools
Writing about science
• Introducing science journalism
• Differences between a scientific article, a press release and outreach articles
• Writing for video: the storyboard
Visual communication of science
• How to communicate science with images
• How to plan and produce an image
Communicating science on web
• How is science communicated on the web
• Science and web 2.0
• How to plan and produce a website
Organization of a public event
• The communication plan of a public event
• Organizing an astronomical observation event
( reference books)
"The hands-on guide for science communicators: a step.by-step approach to public outreach" di Lars Lindberg Christensen
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdid=book-GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
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6
|
FIS/08
|
40
|
12
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
20410173 -
Numerical Methods for Differential Equations
(objectives)
Study and implement the most advanced techniques of numerical approximation, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution
of Ordinary Differential Equations
|
6
|
MAT/08
|
48
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Elective activities
|
ITA |
|
Università Roma Tre