The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, ninth edition, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

General Part

- Introduction to the Economics of Innovation
- Innovation and Performance: Growth, Employment, Productivity, Export, Environment
- Diffusion and impact of digital technologies
- The theoretical foundations of Science, Innovation and Technology Policies
- Public policies for eco-innovation


The Italian case

- The characteristics of the Italian innovation system
- The role of public enterprises in the technological and industrial development of Italy
- Industrial Policy in Italy

Franco Malerba, Economia dell’Innovazione, Carocci editore
M. Mazzucato, Lo Stato Innovatore, Laterza, 2014

Reading list


Amatori, F., Bugamelli, M., Colli, A. (2011). Italian firms in history: size, technology and entrepreneurship. Bank of Italy Economic History Working Papers, 13, pp. 1–53.

Antonelli C., Barbiellini Amidei F., Fassio C. (2014). The mechanisms of knowledge governance: State owned enterprises and Italian economic growth, 1950–1994. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 31, pp. 43-63.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2015). Knowledge as Global Public Good. In: The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation, First Edition. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (eds). DOI: 10.1111/b.9781118739068.2015.00025.x.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2017). The retreat of public research and its adverse consequences on innovation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Article in Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.022

Calvino F. and Virgillito M. E., (2017). The innovation-employment nexus: a critical survey of theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Surveys, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12190.

Caravella, S., Crespi, F., Cucignatto, G., Guarascio, D. (2024). Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 434, 140222.

Caravella S., Crespi F. (2021) The role of public procurement as innovation lever: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 30:7, 663-68.

Cerulli, G., Poti, B., 2012. Designing ex-post assessment of corporate RDI policies: conceptualization, indicators and modeling. World Rev. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev. 9, 2–4.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., Pennacchio, L., (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector, Research Policy, Vol. 44, pp. 577-595.

Costantini V., Crespi F., Palma, A., (2017), Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: a patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies, Research Policy, Vol. 46, pp. 799-819.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Marin, G., Paglialunga, E. (2017). Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and environmental performance in European industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 155, pp. 141-154.

V Costantini, F Crespi, E Paglialunga (2018), The employment impact of private and public actions for energy efficiency: Evidence from European industries, Energy Policy 119, 250-267

Goldstein A., (2003). Privatization in Italy 1993 - 2002: Goals, Institutions, Outcomes, and Outstanding Issues. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 912. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=396324

Munari F., Roberts E. B., Sobrero M., (2002). Privatization processes and the redefinition of corporate R&D boundaries. Research policy, Vol. 31, pp. 31-53.

Sabrina Pastorelli, Lo stato imprenditore e la qualificazione tecnologica dello sviluppo economico italiano: l'esperienza dell'iri nei primi decenni del secondo dopoguerra, Banca d’Italia, Quaderni dell’ufficio ricerche storiche, 12 , Dicembre 2006.

Centro Economia Digitale (2020), Libro Bianco sull’Economia Digitale.

Centro Economia Digitale (2023), Tecnologie di Frontiera.

The first lessons will be devoted to a summary of basic statistical concepts (such as variance, covariance, correlation, linear combinations) and matrix algebra.
We will then move on to the study of possible data matrix syntheses: composite indicators, principal component analysis; cluster analysis.
Finally, after a summary of simple regression (i.e. the straight line), we will move on to the study of multiple regression.
Emphasis will be placed on case studies .

Open issues in composite indicators. Terzi, Otoiu, Mazziotta, Pareto, Grimaccia. Downloadable from Roma TrE-press
https://romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/open-togmp-2.pdf

B.F.J. Manly and J.A. Navarro Alberto. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis (2016)

Riepilogo funzioni reali di una variabile reale. Proprietà e definizioni principali, funzioni elementari, derivate e regole di derivazione. Derivate successive, derivata di funzione composta, derivata e monotonia, derivata seconda e convessità, CNeS per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Max e min globali. T. di Weierstrass.
Topologia di . Successioni di R. Lo spazio metrico . Successioni di . Topologia di : insiemi aperti. Insiemi chiusi. Insiemi compatti.
Funzioni di più variabili reali. Definizione ed esempi. Curve di livello. Funzioni lineari e forme quadratiche. Funzioni continue e teorema di Weierstrass (c.d.).
Calcolo differenziale per funzioni a più variabili. Derivate parziali. Differenziale e piano tangente. Gradiente e matrice Jacobiana. Approssimazioni mediante differenziali. Derivata lungo una curva. Derivata direzionale. Derivata di funzione composta. Derivate di ordine superiore e matrice Hessiana.
Teorema della funzione implicita: Caso di una funzione in due variabili. Interpretazione geometrica. Caso di una funzione in più variabili. Caso lineare: m equazioni, n+m incognite. Caso generale dei sistemi di m equazioni ed n+m incognite. Teorema della funzione inversa.
Ottimizzazione statica. Ottimizzazione libera. CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali (c.d.). Punti stazionari. Forme quadratiche definite e semidefinite. Criterio per 2 o 3 variabili. CS del secondo ordine per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi liberi locali. Ottimizzazione vincolata. Vincoli bilaterali. CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Vincoli unilaterali: CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Condizioni di Kuhn-Tucker per variabili non negative. Interpretazione del moltiplicatore di Lagrange (c.d.).
Funzioni omogenee. Definizione e proprietà geometriche. Teorema di Eulero. Funzioni omotetiche
Funzioni concave e convesse. Definizioni e proprietà geometriche. Proprietà e caratterizzazione. Concavità e segno della matrice Hessiana. Funzioni quasi concave e quasi convesse. Funzioni di Cobb-Douglas. Funzioni pseudoconcave Ottimizzazione libera e vincolata in ipotesi di quasi convessità e quasi concavità.
Modelli dinamici: Modello di Malthus a tempo discreto e continuo. Modelli dinamici a tempo continuo e discreto. Definizione di equazione differenziale e alle differenze. Equazioni alle differenze di passo uno: esistenza e unicità delle soluzioni.
Calcolo delle variazioni. Problema di calcolo delle variazioni. Equazione di Eulero in forma integrale (c.d.). Equazione di Eulero-Lagrange. Condizioni di trasversalità. Condizioni sufficienti in ipotesi di concavità o convessità.
Introduzione alla teoria del controllo ottimo. Problema di controllo ottimo (tempo discreto e continuo). Principio di massimo di Pontryagin. Condizioni sufficienti in ipotesi di concavità.
Programmazione dinamica. Orizzonte finito e tempo discreto: Principio di ottimalità di Bellman. Principio della programmazione dinamica. Equazione di Bellman e condizioni di ottimalità. Orizzonte infinito.
(c.d.) = ”con dimostrazione”

Libri di testo:
• Simon & Blume “Matematica per le scienze economiche” ed Egea.
• Salsa & Squellati “Modelli dinamici e controllo ottimo” ed. Egea.

Part I: Introduction to data analysis and exploratory tecniques
- Cluster analysis
- Principal component analysis

Part 2: Normal linear regression and its generalizations
- Polynomial regression
- Multiple regression
- Logistic regression
- Beta regression
- Poisson and negative binomial regression for count data
- Spatial regression models

Part 3: Panel data analysis
- Fixed effects and random effects models for dicotomous, categorical and continuous variables
- Spatial regression models for panel data.

Chatterjee,S. and Hadi, A.S. (2012), Regression Analysis by Example, 5th Edition, Wiley. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (excluding 3.9), 4 (excluding 4.3, 4.9.2, 4.9.3, 4.10, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14), 5 (excluding 5.6 and 5.7), 6 (excluding 6.6 and 6.7), 9, 11, 12 (excluding 12.8.3 and 12.8.4), 13 (excluding 13.5, 13.6, 13.7).

Fox,J. and Weisberg, S. (2010), An R companion to applied regression, 2nd Edition, SAGE publications Inc.

Andreb, H-J, Golsch, K., Schmidt, A.W. (2013), Applied panel data analysis for economic and social
surveys, Springer. Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4

1. Introduction to environmental economics
1.1 The origins of the problem
1.2 Interdependency economy-environment
1.3 GDP growth and welfare measure
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 Pollution extension and types
1.6 Natural resources

2. Ethics and economics
2.1 Natural philosophy
2.2 Libertarian philosophy
2.3 Utilitarianism
2.4 Critique to utilitarianism

3. Social welfare and environmental sustainability
3.1 Pareto efficiency
3.2 Social welfare function
3.3 Kaldor- Hicks-Scitovsky compensation tests
3.4 Market failures
3.5 Second-best theorem

4. Environmental policy
4.1 Public goods
4.2 Externalities
4.3 Environmental pollution models
4.4 Flow and stock of polluting emissions
4.5 Emission efficiency in static models
4.6 Emission efficiency in dynamic models

5 Environmental policy: instruments
5.1 Tax and subsidy
5.2 Command-and-control
5.3 Permits

6 Monetary valuation
6.1 Contingent valuation method
6.2 Hedonic price method
6.3 Cost-Benefit analysis

Cote Text
Title: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
Authors: Tom Tietenberg, Lynne Lewis
Editor: Routledge, 2024
In substitution to lecture notes:
Title: Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. 4th Edition, 2011
Authors: Perman Roger, Ma Yue, Common Micheal, Maddison David, McGilvray James.
Editor: Pearson

1.
Overview of the Neoclassical theory of the firm
The Neo-Institutional theory of the Firm
Ronald Coase and the transaction cost theory
The contribution of Oliver Williamson
Quasi-Rents: Klein, Crawford, Alchian
Property Rights Theory : Grossman, Hart e Moore
2. The organization and performance of Italian firms
From large firms and the economic miracle of the 60's to the industrial discticts of the '80s
The exogenous shocks of the '90s
3. Characteristic aspects of Italian firms
Productivity
R&D
ICT and Industry 4.0
The internationalization of the Italian economy and Italian firms
Global Value Chains
4. Characteristic indicators of industries

Che cosa sa fare l'Italia, di Giunta A., Rossi S. (2017), Roma, Laterza. Capitoli 2, 3, 4
Dinamiche industriali, di Lotti F. e Meliciani V., (2021), Bologna, Il Mulino. Capitoli VIII, IX, X
A reading list will be suggested during the course and available on the course TEAMS

Syllabus

1.Inequality between countries and within countries: definition and measures
2.Uneven growth: stylized facts and questions; Cross-country income differences
3. Economic institutions, growth and poverty traps
4. Distributional justice and inequality
a. Income inequality
b. Inequality of opportunity
c.Social mobility and intergenerational inequality
5. Inequality and redistribution: economic and political drivers
6. Inequality and labour market
a. Wage inequality: theory and evidence
b. Race and gender in the labour market
c. Discrimination: theory and evidence
7. Climate change: effects on the labor market
8. Inequality in Italy
a. Income inequality
b. Wealth inequality
c. Wage inequality

Reading list available in the course material, MTeams

Course Learning Objectives and Skill Acquisition
This course consists in two modules. The first deals with basic concepts in Energy Economics as the distribution of sources and consumption patterns at the geographical level, the analysis of demand and supply of different energy sources and the use of energy by sectors. World energy outlook scenarios are deeply investigated. The second part of the course allows students gathering main analytical tools to consider jointly energy issues and climate change impacts. The economic analysis of policy impacts over the long term and burden sharing issues in the international bargaining process are also analyzed. At the end of the course students will be able to understand global energy and climate reports, conduct their own impact analysis and be familiar with main simulation models.

Assessment
The course assessment will be based on two small dissertations that the students will write and present after the end of each part of the course, one on Energy Economics and one on Climate Policy issues, and on a final written exam formed by 5 open questions.

Course general schedule
Part I: Energy Economics
1. World Energy Outlook
2. Energy security and energy poverty
2. Fossil fuels economics
3. Energy price mechanisms
4. Alternative energy sources and clean energy technologies
Part II: Climate Change Policy
5. The science of climate change
6. Climate change impacts
7. Vulnerability and adaptation
8. Mitigation policies
7. The European low-carbon strategy

Detailed Teaching Agenda
Lecture #1: Introduction, practical information, data collection of participants
Part I: Energy Economics
Lecture #2: Introduction to the energy markets, composition of the energy mix
Lecture #3: Demand and supply, peculiarities of the energy markets
Lecture #4: How to read an energy balance: dimensions, sectors, sources
Lecture #5: Global energy markets and scenario building
Lecture #6: Energy price mechanisms: substitution elasticities
Lecture #7: Energy price mechanisms: the rebound effect
Lecture #8: Energy security and energy poverty
Lecture #9: Renewable sources: introduction and taxonomy
Lecture #10: Renewable sources: technological innovation and policy support
Lecture #11: The biofuels case: pros and cons of an eco-innovation
Lecture #12: Energy efficiency and policy support
Lecture #13: The EU Energy strategy: targets and policy instruments
Lecture #14: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Lecture #15: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Part II: Climate Change Policy
Lecture #16: The science of climate change
Lecture #17: Climate change impacts and economic damage
Lecture #18: Vulnerability and adaptation concepts
Lecture #19: The international institutional architecture for climate change
Lecture #20: Political bargaining at the international and level
Lecture #21: Mitigation actions and policy instruments
Lecture #22: The Emission Trading System and the EU experience
Lecture #23: The linkages between mitigation and economic performance
Lecture #24: Flexible mechanisms and developing countries
Lecture #25: The EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #26: Scenario building and policy impact evaluation
Lecture #27: The case of the EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #28: The case of the Green Climate Fund
Lecture #29: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II
Lecture #30: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II

Teaching material will be available to students in a dedicated Dropbox folder, whose link is given on the Moodle platform.
Textbooks (available in the corresponding folders for Lecture number)
Bhattacharyya S.C. (2011), Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, UK: Springer-Verlag. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (pp. 41-61), 4 (pp.77-81), 5 (sect. 5.1.1-5.1.5), 6 (excl. 6.5), 7 (Appendix excluded for all chapters).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), World Energy Outlook 2017. Chapters: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2016), Energy Efficiency Indicators. (pages 5-10).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Synthesis Report. (pages 1-31).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Part A. (pages 1-32).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change (pages 41-107).
Tol R.S.J. (2014), Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Edward Elgar Publ. Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6.

A refresher on multiple linear regression. Further topics in regression analysis: Instrumental variables, Differences-in-Differences, Regression Discontinuity estimators, Heckman's sample selection model, Mediation analysis, Quantile regression. Introduction to time series and forecasting. Models for univariate time series: ARMA, ARIMA, ARCH, GARC. Time series regression with additional predictors. The autoregressive distributed lag model. Estimation of dynamic causal effects. The VAR model. Breaks. Cointegration and error correction. Prediction with many regressors and big data: Ridge regression, the Lasso, tree-based methods.

Stock J.H. and Watson M.W., Introduction to Econometrics, Global edition, 4th Edition, 2020, Pearson.
Angrist, J.D. ; Pischke, J.-S., Mostly harmless econometrics : an empiricist's companion, 2009, Princeton University Press.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. (2021) An Introduction to Statistical Learning with R (2nd edition).

Relations between agriculture and the rest of the economy, with reference to the Italian agri-food sector
• Recalls of economics (market structures and consumption theory), with reference to analyse the demand for agri-food products at national and international level
• The characteristics of the agri-food consumption, consumers’ choices and certifications, with particular reference to the role of sustainability and quality as drivers of product differentiation
• The characteristics of the Italian agri-food system
• Recalls of environmental economics, with a specific focus on the relation with the agri-food system

Lecture notes (available on Moodle)
Papers and reports on agricultural and agri-food economics, with a specific focus on the Italian agri-food sector (available on Moodle)
Papers and reports on EU agri-food quality policy and Geographical Indications, with a specific focus on the Italian agri-food sector (available on Moodle)

The course emphasizes an intuitive and graphical treatment of economic theory in the CGE model and provides structured experiences running the RunGTAP software environment. RunGTAP is an intuitive, menu-driven CGE model interface that minimizes technological hurdles and allows students to begin to focus on their economic thinking and experimentation quickly.
The course will:
• review core economic theories from micro, macro, trade, and public finance and observe how they are operationalized in an applied general equilibrium model
• learn to recognize, control, and interpret the theoretically consistent behavior of consumers and producers
• observe the aggregated macroeconomic impacts of microeconomic behavior
• define model experiments that represent real-world issues
• learn to interpret general equilibrium model results by integrating their knowledge of multiple fields of economic study

Burfisher, M. (2021). Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corong, E., Hertel, T., McDougall, R., Tsigas, M., van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2017). The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7, Journal of Global Economic Analysis, 2(1), 1-119 (https://www.jgea.org/ojs/index.php/jgea/article/view/47/30 )
Hertel T. W. (2012). Global Applied General Equilibrium Analysis using the GTAP Framework. GTAP Working Paper No. 66 (https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=3751 )

A refresher on multiple linear regression. Further topics in regression analysis: Instrumental variables, Differences-in-Differences, Regression Discontinuity estimators, Heckman's sample selection model, Mediation analysis, Quantile regression. Introduction to time series and forecasting. Models for univariate time series: ARMA, ARIMA, ARCH, GARC. Time series regression with additional predictors. The autoregressive distributed lag model. Estimation of dynamic causal effects. The VAR model. Breaks. Cointegration and error correction. Prediction with many regressors and big data: Ridge regression, the Lasso, tree-based methods.

Stock J.H. and Watson M.W., Introduction to Econometrics, Global edition, 4th Edition, 2020, Pearson.
Angrist, J.D. ; Pischke, J.-S., Mostly harmless econometrics : an empiricist's companion, 2009, Princeton University Press.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. (2021) An Introduction to Statistical Learning with R (2nd edition).

The first lessons will be devoted to a summary of basic statistical concepts (such as variance, covariance, correlation, linear combinations) and matrix algebra.
We will then move on to the study of possible data matrix syntheses: composite indicators, principal component analysis; cluster analysis.
Finally, after a summary of simple regression (i.e. the straight line), we will move on to the study of multiple regression.
Emphasis will be placed on case studies .

Open issues in composite indicators. Terzi, Otoiu, Mazziotta, Pareto, Grimaccia. Downloadable from Roma TrE-press
https://romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/open-togmp-2.pdf

B.F.J. Manly and J.A. Navarro Alberto. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis (2016)

General Part

- Introduction to the Economics of Innovation
- Innovation and Performance: Growth, Employment, Productivity, Export, Environment
- Diffusion and impact of digital technologies
- The theoretical foundations of Science, Innovation and Technology Policies
- Public policies for eco-innovation


The Italian case

- The characteristics of the Italian innovation system
- The role of public enterprises in the technological and industrial development of Italy
- Industrial Policy in Italy

Franco Malerba, Economia dell’Innovazione, Carocci editore
M. Mazzucato, Lo Stato Innovatore, Laterza, 2014

Reading list


Amatori, F., Bugamelli, M., Colli, A. (2011). Italian firms in history: size, technology and entrepreneurship. Bank of Italy Economic History Working Papers, 13, pp. 1–53.

Antonelli C., Barbiellini Amidei F., Fassio C. (2014). The mechanisms of knowledge governance: State owned enterprises and Italian economic growth, 1950–1994. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 31, pp. 43-63.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2015). Knowledge as Global Public Good. In: The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation, First Edition. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (eds). DOI: 10.1111/b.9781118739068.2015.00025.x.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2017). The retreat of public research and its adverse consequences on innovation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Article in Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.022

Calvino F. and Virgillito M. E., (2017). The innovation-employment nexus: a critical survey of theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Surveys, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12190.

Caravella, S., Crespi, F., Cucignatto, G., Guarascio, D. (2024). Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 434, 140222.

Caravella S., Crespi F. (2021) The role of public procurement as innovation lever: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 30:7, 663-68.

Cerulli, G., Poti, B., 2012. Designing ex-post assessment of corporate RDI policies: conceptualization, indicators and modeling. World Rev. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev. 9, 2–4.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., Pennacchio, L., (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector, Research Policy, Vol. 44, pp. 577-595.

Costantini V., Crespi F., Palma, A., (2017), Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: a patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies, Research Policy, Vol. 46, pp. 799-819.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Marin, G., Paglialunga, E. (2017). Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and environmental performance in European industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 155, pp. 141-154.

V Costantini, F Crespi, E Paglialunga (2018), The employment impact of private and public actions for energy efficiency: Evidence from European industries, Energy Policy 119, 250-267

Goldstein A., (2003). Privatization in Italy 1993 - 2002: Goals, Institutions, Outcomes, and Outstanding Issues. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 912. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=396324

Munari F., Roberts E. B., Sobrero M., (2002). Privatization processes and the redefinition of corporate R&D boundaries. Research policy, Vol. 31, pp. 31-53.

Sabrina Pastorelli, Lo stato imprenditore e la qualificazione tecnologica dello sviluppo economico italiano: l'esperienza dell'iri nei primi decenni del secondo dopoguerra, Banca d’Italia, Quaderni dell’ufficio ricerche storiche, 12 , Dicembre 2006.

Centro Economia Digitale (2020), Libro Bianco sull’Economia Digitale.

Centro Economia Digitale (2023), Tecnologie di Frontiera.

1. Introduction to environmental economics
1.1 The origins of the problem
1.2 Interdependency economy-environment
1.3 GDP growth and welfare measure
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 Pollution extension and types
1.6 Natural resources

2. Ethics and economics
2.1 Natural philosophy
2.2 Libertarian philosophy
2.3 Utilitarianism
2.4 Critique to utilitarianism

3. Social welfare and environmental sustainability
3.1 Pareto efficiency
3.2 Social welfare function
3.3 Kaldor- Hicks-Scitovsky compensation tests
3.4 Market failures
3.5 Second-best theorem

4. Environmental policy
4.1 Public goods
4.2 Externalities
4.3 Environmental pollution models
4.4 Flow and stock of polluting emissions
4.5 Emission efficiency in static models
4.6 Emission efficiency in dynamic models

5 Environmental policy: instruments
5.1 Tax and subsidy
5.2 Command-and-control
5.3 Permits

6 Monetary valuation
6.1 Contingent valuation method
6.2 Hedonic price method
6.3 Cost-Benefit analysis

Cote Text
Title: Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
Authors: Tom Tietenberg, Lynne Lewis
Editor: Routledge, 2024
In substitution to lecture notes:
Title: Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. 4th Edition, 2011
Authors: Perman Roger, Ma Yue, Common Micheal, Maddison David, McGilvray James.
Editor: Pearson

Relations between agriculture and the rest of the economy, with reference to the Italian agri-food sector
• Recalls of economics (market structures and consumption theory), with reference to analyse the demand for agri-food products at national and international level
• The characteristics of the agri-food consumption, consumers’ choices and certifications, with particular reference to the role of sustainability and quality as drivers of product differentiation
• The characteristics of the Italian agri-food system
• Recalls of environmental economics, with a specific focus on the relation with the agri-food system

Lecture notes (available on Moodle)
Papers and reports on agricultural and agri-food economics, with a specific focus on the Italian agri-food sector (available on Moodle)
Papers and reports on EU agri-food quality policy and Geographical Indications, with a specific focus on the Italian agri-food sector (available on Moodle)

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, ninth edition, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

This course will provide students with an analytical framework for the study of international trade. It is divided into three main parts. The first considers both the predictions of the classical trade theory (i.e., the Ricardian Model and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model) and the new trade models with imperfect competition, including the most recent developments related to firm-level evidence. The second one discusses the effects and the political economy determinants of trade policy. Preferential trade agreements will also be discussed. The third part is devoted to analyse the topic of migration flows, their characteristics, determinants and evolution.
The course considers both the theories and recent empirical works, as well as a discussion of the relevant methodological issues in measurement and estimation.
Articles on current topics will be proposed during the class with the purpose of stimulating class discussion.

Outline
First part:
International trade: stylized facts
- Facts, changes and history of globalization

Trade Theories
- The Ricardian Model
- The Specific-Factors Model
- Factor endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- Movement of labor and Capital
- The New Trade Theories
- Offshoring and Global Value Chain
- Firm Heterogeneity

Trade policy
- Import Tariffs and Quotas
- Non-tariff measures
- Preferential agreements and Multilateral trade integration (the World Trade Organization)

Second part:
Migration
- Stylized facts on migration
- Characteristics and evolution of international migration flows
- Determinants of migration
- Economic impact of migration on countries of origin and destination

Practical laboratory sessions
- Trade, trade policies and migration data sources
- Working with trade and trade policies data: country trade report and gravity empirical applications

Feenstra R. C. and A.M Taylor (2017), International Trade, Forth Edition, Worth Publishers, chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Clemens, M. A. 2011. “Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Summer), pp. 83-106

Lecture slides, articles and other teaching material will be downloadable from the Web page of the course.

Riepilogo funzioni reali di una variabile reale. Proprietà e definizioni principali, funzioni elementari, derivate e regole di derivazione. Derivate successive, derivata di funzione composta, derivata e monotonia, derivata seconda e convessità, CNeS per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Max e min globali. T. di Weierstrass.
Topologia di . Successioni di R. Lo spazio metrico . Successioni di . Topologia di : insiemi aperti. Insiemi chiusi. Insiemi compatti.
Funzioni di più variabili reali. Definizione ed esempi. Curve di livello. Funzioni lineari e forme quadratiche. Funzioni continue e teorema di Weierstrass (c.d.).
Calcolo differenziale per funzioni a più variabili. Derivate parziali. Differenziale e piano tangente. Gradiente e matrice Jacobiana. Approssimazioni mediante differenziali. Derivata lungo una curva. Derivata direzionale. Derivata di funzione composta. Derivate di ordine superiore e matrice Hessiana.
Teorema della funzione implicita: Caso di una funzione in due variabili. Interpretazione geometrica. Caso di una funzione in più variabili. Caso lineare: m equazioni, n+m incognite. Caso generale dei sistemi di m equazioni ed n+m incognite. Teorema della funzione inversa.
Ottimizzazione statica. Ottimizzazione libera. CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali (c.d.). Punti stazionari. Forme quadratiche definite e semidefinite. Criterio per 2 o 3 variabili. CS del secondo ordine per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi liberi locali. Ottimizzazione vincolata. Vincoli bilaterali. CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Vincoli unilaterali: CN per l’esistenza di massimi e minimi locali. Condizioni di Kuhn-Tucker per variabili non negative. Interpretazione del moltiplicatore di Lagrange (c.d.).
Funzioni omogenee. Definizione e proprietà geometriche. Teorema di Eulero. Funzioni omotetiche
Funzioni concave e convesse. Definizioni e proprietà geometriche. Proprietà e caratterizzazione. Concavità e segno della matrice Hessiana. Funzioni quasi concave e quasi convesse. Funzioni di Cobb-Douglas. Funzioni pseudoconcave Ottimizzazione libera e vincolata in ipotesi di quasi convessità e quasi concavità.
Modelli dinamici: Modello di Malthus a tempo discreto e continuo. Modelli dinamici a tempo continuo e discreto. Definizione di equazione differenziale e alle differenze. Equazioni alle differenze di passo uno: esistenza e unicità delle soluzioni.
Calcolo delle variazioni. Problema di calcolo delle variazioni. Equazione di Eulero in forma integrale (c.d.). Equazione di Eulero-Lagrange. Condizioni di trasversalità. Condizioni sufficienti in ipotesi di concavità o convessità.
Introduzione alla teoria del controllo ottimo. Problema di controllo ottimo (tempo discreto e continuo). Principio di massimo di Pontryagin. Condizioni sufficienti in ipotesi di concavità.
Programmazione dinamica. Orizzonte finito e tempo discreto: Principio di ottimalità di Bellman. Principio della programmazione dinamica. Equazione di Bellman e condizioni di ottimalità. Orizzonte infinito.
(c.d.) = ”con dimostrazione”

Libri di testo:
• Simon & Blume “Matematica per le scienze economiche” ed Egea.
• Salsa & Squellati “Modelli dinamici e controllo ottimo” ed. Egea.

The course emphasizes an intuitive and graphical treatment of economic theory in the CGE model and provides structured experiences running the RunGTAP software environment. RunGTAP is an intuitive, menu-driven CGE model interface that minimizes technological hurdles and allows students to begin to focus on their economic thinking and experimentation quickly.
The course will:
• review core economic theories from micro, macro, trade, and public finance and observe how they are operationalized in an applied general equilibrium model
• learn to recognize, control, and interpret the theoretically consistent behavior of consumers and producers
• observe the aggregated macroeconomic impacts of microeconomic behavior
• define model experiments that represent real-world issues
• learn to interpret general equilibrium model results by integrating their knowledge of multiple fields of economic study

Burfisher, M. (2021). Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corong, E., Hertel, T., McDougall, R., Tsigas, M., van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2017). The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7, Journal of Global Economic Analysis, 2(1), 1-119 (https://www.jgea.org/ojs/index.php/jgea/article/view/47/30 )
Hertel T. W. (2012). Global Applied General Equilibrium Analysis using the GTAP Framework. GTAP Working Paper No. 66 (https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=3751 )

Part I: Introduction to data analysis and exploratory tecniques
- Cluster analysis
- Principal component analysis

Part 2: Normal linear regression and its generalizations
- Polynomial regression
- Multiple regression
- Logistic regression
- Beta regression
- Poisson and negative binomial regression for count data
- Spatial regression models

Part 3: Panel data analysis
- Fixed effects and random effects models for dicotomous, categorical and continuous variables
- Spatial regression models for panel data.

Chatterjee,S. and Hadi, A.S. (2012), Regression Analysis by Example, 5th Edition, Wiley. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (excluding 3.9), 4 (excluding 4.3, 4.9.2, 4.9.3, 4.10, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14), 5 (excluding 5.6 and 5.7), 6 (excluding 6.6 and 6.7), 9, 11, 12 (excluding 12.8.3 and 12.8.4), 13 (excluding 13.5, 13.6, 13.7).

Fox,J. and Weisberg, S. (2010), An R companion to applied regression, 2nd Edition, SAGE publications Inc.

Andreb, H-J, Golsch, K., Schmidt, A.W. (2013), Applied panel data analysis for economic and social
surveys, Springer. Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4

- Recalls of basic statistics and statistical inference
- Hypothesis test on a parameter (mean, proportion, variance)
- Hypothesis test for the difference between means and proportions in the case of independent and paired samples
- independence tests
- Variance Analysis (ANOVA)
- Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kuskal-Wallis, Spearman sign tests)
- Simple and multiple linear model
- Factorial analysis
- Cluster analysis
- Logistics regression
- Elements of sampling techniques and websurvey

Agresti A., Finlay B.(2015) Metodi statistici di base e avanzati, Pearson Editore
Zani S., Cerioli A. (2007) Analisi dei dati e data mining per le decisioni aziendali, Giuffrè Editore.
Notes and handout (in Italian) are available at the web page of the course.

1) Sustainable Development and SDGs
• Sustainable Development concept and models
• SDGs importance and origins
• Culture and Sustainable Development
2) Culture, Cultural Domains and creative and cultural firms
• Definition(s) of culture and cultural domain
• Cultural development measurement.
• Tangible Cultural Heritage: the offering system
• Creative and cultural firms and the benefits deriving from cultural goods’ consumption.
• Cultural participation: measurement and data.
3) Well-being and Resilience
• Well-being: definition, dimensions and measurements;
• Resilience: definition and measurements;
• Impact of art consumption and cultural participation on well-being;
4) Innovation and Digital Technologies in the cultural sector
• Innovation, Open Innovation
• Digital technologies and their impact on the sector
5) Business Models and Business Model Innovation in the cultural sector.

Slides, reports, and other study materials will be supplied on the Moodle and Teams platforms. Further indications will be provided during the course.

Review of the basics of marketing management (analysis, strategy and marketing mix). The basics of business sustainability with particular focus on the food sector. The principles of innovation in the company: conception, development and marketing of new products.

(2023) Ideazione, sviluppo e marketing dei nuovi prodotti (con A. Geremicca), Edizioni Roma TrE-Press, ISBN 979-12-5977-197-1
(2022) Il cibo perfetto. Aziende, consumatori e impatto ambientale del cibo (con M.Marino) seconda edizione, Edizioni Ambiente, ISBN 978-88-6627-344-8

Syllabus

1.Inequality between countries and within countries: definition and measures
2.Uneven growth: stylized facts and questions; Cross-country income differences
3. Economic institutions, growth and poverty traps
4. Distributional justice and inequality
a. Income inequality
b. Inequality of opportunity
c.Social mobility and intergenerational inequality
5. Inequality and redistribution: economic and political drivers
6. Inequality and labour market
a. Wage inequality: theory and evidence
b. Race and gender in the labour market
c. Discrimination: theory and evidence
7. Climate change: effects on the labor market
8. Inequality in Italy
a. Income inequality
b. Wealth inequality
c. Wage inequality

Reading list available in the course material, MTeams

1.
Overview of the Neoclassical theory of the firm
The Neo-Institutional theory of the Firm
Ronald Coase and the transaction cost theory
The contribution of Oliver Williamson
Quasi-Rents: Klein, Crawford, Alchian
Property Rights Theory : Grossman, Hart e Moore
2. The organization and performance of Italian firms
From large firms and the economic miracle of the 60's to the industrial discticts of the '80s
The exogenous shocks of the '90s
3. Characteristic aspects of Italian firms
Productivity
R&D
ICT and Industry 4.0
The internationalization of the Italian economy and Italian firms
Global Value Chains
4. Characteristic indicators of industries

Che cosa sa fare l'Italia, di Giunta A., Rossi S. (2017), Roma, Laterza. Capitoli 2, 3, 4
Dinamiche industriali, di Lotti F. e Meliciani V., (2021), Bologna, Il Mulino. Capitoli VIII, IX, X
A reading list will be suggested during the course and available on the course TEAMS

Course Learning Objectives and Skill Acquisition
This course consists in two modules. The first deals with basic concepts in Energy Economics as the distribution of sources and consumption patterns at the geographical level, the analysis of demand and supply of different energy sources and the use of energy by sectors. World energy outlook scenarios are deeply investigated. The second part of the course allows students gathering main analytical tools to consider jointly energy issues and climate change impacts. The economic analysis of policy impacts over the long term and burden sharing issues in the international bargaining process are also analyzed. At the end of the course students will be able to understand global energy and climate reports, conduct their own impact analysis and be familiar with main simulation models.

Assessment
The course assessment will be based on two small dissertations that the students will write and present after the end of each part of the course, one on Energy Economics and one on Climate Policy issues, and on a final written exam formed by 5 open questions.

Course general schedule
Part I: Energy Economics
1. World Energy Outlook
2. Energy security and energy poverty
2. Fossil fuels economics
3. Energy price mechanisms
4. Alternative energy sources and clean energy technologies
Part II: Climate Change Policy
5. The science of climate change
6. Climate change impacts
7. Vulnerability and adaptation
8. Mitigation policies
7. The European low-carbon strategy

Detailed Teaching Agenda
Lecture #1: Introduction, practical information, data collection of participants
Part I: Energy Economics
Lecture #2: Introduction to the energy markets, composition of the energy mix
Lecture #3: Demand and supply, peculiarities of the energy markets
Lecture #4: How to read an energy balance: dimensions, sectors, sources
Lecture #5: Global energy markets and scenario building
Lecture #6: Energy price mechanisms: substitution elasticities
Lecture #7: Energy price mechanisms: the rebound effect
Lecture #8: Energy security and energy poverty
Lecture #9: Renewable sources: introduction and taxonomy
Lecture #10: Renewable sources: technological innovation and policy support
Lecture #11: The biofuels case: pros and cons of an eco-innovation
Lecture #12: Energy efficiency and policy support
Lecture #13: The EU Energy strategy: targets and policy instruments
Lecture #14: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Lecture #15: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Part II: Climate Change Policy
Lecture #16: The science of climate change
Lecture #17: Climate change impacts and economic damage
Lecture #18: Vulnerability and adaptation concepts
Lecture #19: The international institutional architecture for climate change
Lecture #20: Political bargaining at the international and level
Lecture #21: Mitigation actions and policy instruments
Lecture #22: The Emission Trading System and the EU experience
Lecture #23: The linkages between mitigation and economic performance
Lecture #24: Flexible mechanisms and developing countries
Lecture #25: The EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #26: Scenario building and policy impact evaluation
Lecture #27: The case of the EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #28: The case of the Green Climate Fund
Lecture #29: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II
Lecture #30: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II

Teaching material will be available to students in a dedicated Dropbox folder, whose link is given on the Moodle platform.
Textbooks (available in the corresponding folders for Lecture number)
Bhattacharyya S.C. (2011), Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, UK: Springer-Verlag. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (pp. 41-61), 4 (pp.77-81), 5 (sect. 5.1.1-5.1.5), 6 (excl. 6.5), 7 (Appendix excluded for all chapters).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), World Energy Outlook 2017. Chapters: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2016), Energy Efficiency Indicators. (pages 5-10).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Synthesis Report. (pages 1-31).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Part A. (pages 1-32).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change (pages 41-107).
Tol R.S.J. (2014), Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Edward Elgar Publ. Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Module 1: Preliminaries
Development Economics: An Overview
Understanding Development: Concepts and Definitions
Historical Perspectives on Development Thought
Assessing the State of Development

Module 2: Poverty
Theoretical Approaches & empirical Issues
Social Programs

Module 3: Inequality
Theoretical Approaches & empirical Issues

Module 4: Economic Growth
Stylized Facts of Economic Growth
The Solow Model: A Framework for Understanding Growth
Applying the Solow Model to Real-world Contexts
Public Spending and its Impact on Economic Growth

Module 5: Conflict and Development
Determinants of Conflict
The Interplay between Conflict and Development
Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development

Alain De Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet (2021) Development Economics, Theory and Practice (Second edition). Routledge, New York.
Jurgen Brauer & J. Paul Dunne (2012) Peace Economics: A Macroeconomic Primer for Violence-afflicted States. United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC.

Industrial development and innovation are the essential forces that determine growth, development and structural change. In particular, innovation plays an essential role in the developing world and its role will be increasingly important. This course will give students the tools and analytical methods to think systematically about industrial development and innovation in developing countries, and provide them with a practical understanding of these phenomena.

Part one of the course lays the theoretical foundations of industrial development, including traditional, as well as, new and unorthodox approaches, with a focus on the theory of the firm and of innovation in emerging countries.
Part two of the course explores in detail the tools and mechanisms frequently implemented in industrial and innovation policies and programs, and analyzes the approaches followed by some governments and international organizations using concrete empirical examples from policies and projects implemented.

Selected Chapters from:
Szirmai A. (2015) Socio-Economic Development: Cambridge University Press, 2nd Ed.., chapters 8 and 9.
Crespi G., Fernandez-Arias E. and Stein E. (Eds.), 2014, Rethinking Productive Development: Sound Policies and Institutions for Productive Transformation, Development in the Americas, London: Palgrave for Inter-American Development Bank. Chapters 1, 2 and 3.
Cirera X. and Maloney W.F., 2017, The Innovation Paradox: Developing Country Capabilities and the Unrealized Promise of Technological Catch-Up, Washington DC: The World Bank, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28341 chapters 1, 2, and 4.
Articles:
1. Bell M.R. and Pavitt K., 1993, ‘Technological Accumulation and Industrial Growth: Contrasts between Developed and Developing Countries’, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol.2 No.2.
2. Casaburi G., Maffioli A., Pietrobelli C., 2014, Policies to Promote Coordination among Interlinked Firms, in Crespi et al., Rethinking Industrial Policy: Sound Policies and Institutions for Productive Transformation, Palgrave, chapter 7.
3. Fagerberg J., 2006, “Innovation. A Guide to the Literature”, in J.Fagerberg and D.Mowery (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Gereffi G., Humphrey J., Sturgeon T., 2005, “The governance of global value chains”, Review of International Political Economy, 12:1, 78-104.
5. Giuliani E., Pietrobelli C. and Rabellotti R. (2005) “Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Lessons from Latin American Clusters”, World Development, Vol.33(4), pp. 549–73.
6. Hallward-Driemeier, M. and Pritchett L., 2015. "How Business Is Done in the Developing World: Deals versus Rules." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3): 121-40. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.29.3.121
7. Hausmann R. and Rodrik D. (2006) “Doomed to Choose: Industrial Policy as a Predicament”, Harvard Kennedy School Working Paper. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/index.php/content/download/69495/1250790/version/1/file/hausmann_doomed_0609.pdf
8. Hausmann R. and Rodrik D., (2003), “Economic Development as Self Discovery,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol.72, Issue 2, pages 603-33, December (also NBER Working Paper No. 8952).
9. Lall S. and Pietrobelli C., 2005, “National Technology Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa”, International Journal of Technology and Globalization, KSG, Harvard, Vol.1 No.3-4, 2005.
10. Lall S., 1992, "Technological Capabilities and Industrialization", World Development, Vol.20 No.2
11. Lin J. and Chang H.J., 2009, “Should Industrial Policy in Developing Countries Conform to Comparative Advantage or Defy it? A Debate Between Justin Lin and Ha-Joon Chang”, Development Policy Review, 2009, 27 (5): 483-502
12. Lundvall B‐Å. (2007) “National Innovation Systems—Analytical Concept and Development Tool”, Industry and Innovation, 14:1, 95-119, DOI: 10.1080/13662710601130863
13. Maffioli A., Pietrobelli C. and Stucchi R., 2016, The Impact Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs, Washington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000335 Chapter 1.
14. McMillan, M., Rodrik, D., Verduzco-Gallo, I., 2014, “Globalization, Structural Change, and Productivity Growth, with an Update on Africa”. World Development 63: 11-32, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.012
15. Nelson R.R., 2008, “Economic Development from the Perspective of Evolutionary Theory”, Oxford Development Studies Vo.36 No.1 March, pp.9-22
16. Pietrobelli C., 1997, ‘On the Theory of Technological Capabilities and Developing Countries’ Dynamic Comparative Advantage in Manufactures’, Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali, Vol.XLIV, No. 2, June.
17. Pietrobelli, C. & Staritz, C., 2017, “Upgrading, Interactive Learning, and Innovation Systems in Value Chain Interventions”, European Journal of Development Research, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-017-0112-5
18. Rodrik D., 2013, “Unconditional Convergence in Manufacturing”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp.165-204, doi:10.1093/qje/qjs047

OPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS
 Chatterji A., Glaeser E.L., Kerr W.K., 2013, “Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation”, NBER Working Paper 19013 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19013
 EIU, “Innovation Clusters: Understanding life cycles”, The Economist Intelligence Unit, London http://destinationinnovation.economist.com/category/cluster-effects/
 Fernández-Arias E., Sabel C., Stein E., Trejos A., 2017, “Two to Tango: Public-Private Collaboration for Productive Development Policies”, IDB Working Paper IDB-WP-855, Washington D.C.: The Inter-American Development Bank. https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/8697
 Fu X., Pietrobelli C., Soete L., 2011, “The Role of Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in the Emerging Economies: Technological Change and Catching-up”, World Development Vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 1204–1212
 Humphrey J. and Schmitz H. (2002) “How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading industrial clusters?”, Regional Studies, Vol. 36, No.9.
 Podcast on Structural Change, Interview to Dani Rodrik, IMF Podcast, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2013/INT062813A.htm
 Schmitz H. and Nadvi K., (1999). "Clustering and Industrialization: Introduction”, World Development, Vol. 27, No.9., pp. 1503-14.
 Szirmai A., 2011, “Manufacturing and Economic Development”, UNU-WIDER Working Paper No. 2011/75, November, https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/manufacturing-and-economic-development

Review of the basics of marketing management (analysis, strategy and marketing mix). The basics of business sustainability with particular focus on the food sector. The principles of innovation in the company: conception, development and marketing of new products.

(2023) Ideazione, sviluppo e marketing dei nuovi prodotti (con A. Geremicca), Edizioni Roma TrE-Press, ISBN 979-12-5977-197-1
(2022) Il cibo perfetto. Aziende, consumatori e impatto ambientale del cibo (con M.Marino) seconda edizione, Edizioni Ambiente, ISBN 978-88-6627-344-8

1) Sustainable Development and SDGs
• Sustainable Development concept and models
• SDGs importance and origins
• Culture and Sustainable Development
2) Culture, Cultural Domains and creative and cultural firms
• Definition(s) of culture and cultural domain
• Cultural development measurement.
• Tangible Cultural Heritage: the offering system
• Creative and cultural firms and the benefits deriving from cultural goods’ consumption.
• Cultural participation: measurement and data.
3) Well-being and Resilience
• Well-being: definition, dimensions and measurements;
• Resilience: definition and measurements;
• Impact of art consumption and cultural participation on well-being;
4) Innovation and Digital Technologies in the cultural sector
• Innovation, Open Innovation
• Digital technologies and their impact on the sector
5) Business Models and Business Model Innovation in the cultural sector.

Slides, reports, and other study materials will be supplied on the Moodle and Teams platforms. Further indications will be provided during the course.

- Deneulin S. with Shahani L.(eds.), An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency, Earthscan, London, 2009.
The text can be downloaded for free from the website:
https://idrc-crdi.ca/en/book/introduction-human-development-and-capability-approach-freedom-and-agency

- United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2020. The next frontier: Human development and the Anthropocene, UNDP, New York, 2020
The text can be downloaded for free from the website:
https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2020

- Finance as usual (shareholder value theory): traditional tools to analyze stocks, bonds, and their portfolios
➡️Basics of fundamental analysis of stocks and estimating their financial value
➡️Basics of bond and credit risk analysis
➡️Basics of portfolio performance and risk analysis
- From shareholder value to sustainable finance: theory, approaches, and ongoing debate
➡️Finance as usual and Milton Friedman
➡️Enlightened shareholder value
➡️Stakeholder value (Triple Bottom Line)
➡️Pieconomics and common good value: Principles of materiality, comparative advantage, and multiplication
- Estimating social and environmental values
➡️Determining relevant social and environmental issues: the concept of materiality
➡️Quantifying social and environmental impacts
➡️Monetizing social and environmental impacts: the concept of shadow prices
➡️Discounting social and environmental impacts: the social discount rate
- Externalities and internalization
➡️Pricing externalities
➡️How to internalize social and environmental externalities into the financial value
➡️The concept and estimation of integrated value
- Social and environmental risks
➡️Risk forms: physical, transition and litigation risks
➡️Incorporating social and environmental risks into the cost of capital: multifactor pricing models
➡️The cost of integrated capital
➡️The impact of social and environmental risks on bond valuation and credit risk
- Sustainable financial products
➡️Green bonds
➡️Social bonds
➡️Sustainability-linked bonds
➡️Social impact bonds
- Integrating ESG issues in equity investment strategies
➡️Negative screening, integration, best-in-class, impact investing, and other strategies
➡️Is sustainability a source of higher investment performance? Evidence from ESG funds’ performance and risk
- The role of a firm’s corporate governance for creating long term value
➡️Optimizing executive and employee compensation
➡️Investor engagement: the role of hedge funds; mutual, pension, and index funds
➡️Incorporating sustainability into the board of director and internal committees
➡️Investment coalitions for sustainability: PRI and other initiatives
- Measuring and disclosing a firm’s sustainability
➡️Common metrics and Integrated Reporting
➡️ESG data providers: scores and rating
➡️Pros and cons of ESG ratings
➡️Sustainability reporting standards: IFRS S and ESRS
- EU Regulation on sustainability
➡️Taxonomy (Regulation (EU) 2020/852)
➡️Non-Financial Reporting Directive (2014/95, NFRD) and Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (2022/2464, CSRD)
➡️Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (2019/2088, SFDR)
➡️Greenwashing: supervising sustainability issues
- Firm performance and sustainability: Empirical evidence
- The bottom line: conclusions, proposals, guidelines, and challenges of tomorrow’s sustainable finance

Textbooks

a) Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2023), Corporate finance for long-term value, Springer
b) Edmans, A. (2021). Grow the pie: How great companies deliver both purpose and profit, updated and revised version. Cambridge University Press
c) Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2018). Principles of sustainable finance. Oxford University Press.

Detailed outline of chapters and sections for each book will be explained during the course

- Recalls of basic statistics and statistical inference
- Hypothesis test on a parameter (mean, proportion, variance)
- Hypothesis test for the difference between means and proportions in the case of independent and paired samples
- independence tests
- Variance Analysis (ANOVA)
- Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kuskal-Wallis, Spearman sign tests)
- Simple and multiple linear model
- Factorial analysis
- Cluster analysis
- Logistics regression
- Elements of sampling techniques and websurvey

Agresti A., Finlay B.(2015) Metodi statistici di base e avanzati, Pearson Editore
Zani S., Cerioli A. (2007) Analisi dei dati e data mining per le decisioni aziendali, Giuffrè Editore.
Notes and handout (in Italian) are available at the web page of the course.

The course emphasizes an intuitive and graphical treatment of economic theory in the CGE model and provides structured experiences running the RunGTAP software environment. RunGTAP is an intuitive, menu-driven CGE model interface that minimizes technological hurdles and allows students to begin to focus on their economic thinking and experimentation quickly.
The course will:
• review core economic theories from micro, macro, trade, and public finance and observe how they are operationalized in an applied general equilibrium model
• learn to recognize, control, and interpret the theoretically consistent behavior of consumers and producers
• observe the aggregated macroeconomic impacts of microeconomic behavior
• define model experiments that represent real-world issues
• learn to interpret general equilibrium model results by integrating their knowledge of multiple fields of economic study

Burfisher, M. (2021). Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corong, E., Hertel, T., McDougall, R., Tsigas, M., van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2017). The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7, Journal of Global Economic Analysis, 2(1), 1-119 (https://www.jgea.org/ojs/index.php/jgea/article/view/47/30 )
Hertel T. W. (2012). Global Applied General Equilibrium Analysis using the GTAP Framework. GTAP Working Paper No. 66 (https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=3751 )

Course Learning Objectives and Skill Acquisition
This course consists in two modules. The first deals with basic concepts in Energy Economics as the distribution of sources and consumption patterns at the geographical level, the analysis of demand and supply of different energy sources and the use of energy by sectors. World energy outlook scenarios are deeply investigated. The second part of the course allows students gathering main analytical tools to consider jointly energy issues and climate change impacts. The economic analysis of policy impacts over the long term and burden sharing issues in the international bargaining process are also analyzed. At the end of the course students will be able to understand global energy and climate reports, conduct their own impact analysis and be familiar with main simulation models.

Assessment
The course assessment will be based on two small dissertations that the students will write and present after the end of each part of the course, one on Energy Economics and one on Climate Policy issues, and on a final written exam formed by 5 open questions.

Course general schedule
Part I: Energy Economics
1. World Energy Outlook
2. Energy security and energy poverty
2. Fossil fuels economics
3. Energy price mechanisms
4. Alternative energy sources and clean energy technologies
Part II: Climate Change Policy
5. The science of climate change
6. Climate change impacts
7. Vulnerability and adaptation
8. Mitigation policies
7. The European low-carbon strategy

Detailed Teaching Agenda
Lecture #1: Introduction, practical information, data collection of participants
Part I: Energy Economics
Lecture #2: Introduction to the energy markets, composition of the energy mix
Lecture #3: Demand and supply, peculiarities of the energy markets
Lecture #4: How to read an energy balance: dimensions, sectors, sources
Lecture #5: Global energy markets and scenario building
Lecture #6: Energy price mechanisms: substitution elasticities
Lecture #7: Energy price mechanisms: the rebound effect
Lecture #8: Energy security and energy poverty
Lecture #9: Renewable sources: introduction and taxonomy
Lecture #10: Renewable sources: technological innovation and policy support
Lecture #11: The biofuels case: pros and cons of an eco-innovation
Lecture #12: Energy efficiency and policy support
Lecture #13: The EU Energy strategy: targets and policy instruments
Lecture #14: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Lecture #15: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Part II: Climate Change Policy
Lecture #16: The science of climate change
Lecture #17: Climate change impacts and economic damage
Lecture #18: Vulnerability and adaptation concepts
Lecture #19: The international institutional architecture for climate change
Lecture #20: Political bargaining at the international and level
Lecture #21: Mitigation actions and policy instruments
Lecture #22: The Emission Trading System and the EU experience
Lecture #23: The linkages between mitigation and economic performance
Lecture #24: Flexible mechanisms and developing countries
Lecture #25: The EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #26: Scenario building and policy impact evaluation
Lecture #27: The case of the EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #28: The case of the Green Climate Fund
Lecture #29: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II
Lecture #30: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II

Teaching material will be available to students in a dedicated Dropbox folder, whose link is given on the Moodle platform.
Textbooks (available in the corresponding folders for Lecture number)
Bhattacharyya S.C. (2011), Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, UK: Springer-Verlag. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (pp. 41-61), 4 (pp.77-81), 5 (sect. 5.1.1-5.1.5), 6 (excl. 6.5), 7 (Appendix excluded for all chapters).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), World Energy Outlook 2017. Chapters: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2016), Energy Efficiency Indicators. (pages 5-10).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Synthesis Report. (pages 1-31).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Part A. (pages 1-32).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change (pages 41-107).
Tol R.S.J. (2014), Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Edward Elgar Publ. Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6.

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, ninth edition, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

General Part

- Introduction to the Economics of Innovation
- Innovation and Performance: Growth, Employment, Productivity, Export, Environment
- Diffusion and impact of digital technologies
- The theoretical foundations of Science, Innovation and Technology Policies
- Public policies for eco-innovation


The Italian case

- The characteristics of the Italian innovation system
- The role of public enterprises in the technological and industrial development of Italy
- Industrial Policy in Italy

Franco Malerba, Economia dell’Innovazione, Carocci editore
M. Mazzucato, Lo Stato Innovatore, Laterza, 2014

Reading list


Amatori, F., Bugamelli, M., Colli, A. (2011). Italian firms in history: size, technology and entrepreneurship. Bank of Italy Economic History Working Papers, 13, pp. 1–53.

Antonelli C., Barbiellini Amidei F., Fassio C. (2014). The mechanisms of knowledge governance: State owned enterprises and Italian economic growth, 1950–1994. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 31, pp. 43-63.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2015). Knowledge as Global Public Good. In: The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation, First Edition. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (eds). DOI: 10.1111/b.9781118739068.2015.00025.x.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2017). The retreat of public research and its adverse consequences on innovation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Article in Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.022

Calvino F. and Virgillito M. E., (2017). The innovation-employment nexus: a critical survey of theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Surveys, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12190.

Caravella, S., Crespi, F., Cucignatto, G., Guarascio, D. (2024). Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 434, 140222.

Caravella S., Crespi F. (2021) The role of public procurement as innovation lever: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 30:7, 663-68.

Cerulli, G., Poti, B., 2012. Designing ex-post assessment of corporate RDI policies: conceptualization, indicators and modeling. World Rev. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev. 9, 2–4.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., Pennacchio, L., (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector, Research Policy, Vol. 44, pp. 577-595.

Costantini V., Crespi F., Palma, A., (2017), Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: a patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies, Research Policy, Vol. 46, pp. 799-819.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Marin, G., Paglialunga, E. (2017). Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and environmental performance in European industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 155, pp. 141-154.

V Costantini, F Crespi, E Paglialunga (2018), The employment impact of private and public actions for energy efficiency: Evidence from European industries, Energy Policy 119, 250-267

Goldstein A., (2003). Privatization in Italy 1993 - 2002: Goals, Institutions, Outcomes, and Outstanding Issues. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 912. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=396324

Munari F., Roberts E. B., Sobrero M., (2002). Privatization processes and the redefinition of corporate R&D boundaries. Research policy, Vol. 31, pp. 31-53.

Sabrina Pastorelli, Lo stato imprenditore e la qualificazione tecnologica dello sviluppo economico italiano: l'esperienza dell'iri nei primi decenni del secondo dopoguerra, Banca d’Italia, Quaderni dell’ufficio ricerche storiche, 12 , Dicembre 2006.

Centro Economia Digitale (2020), Libro Bianco sull’Economia Digitale.

Centro Economia Digitale (2023), Tecnologie di Frontiera.

The first lessons will be devoted to a summary of basic statistical concepts (such as variance, covariance, correlation, linear combinations) and matrix algebra.
We will then move on to the study of possible data matrix syntheses: composite indicators, principal component analysis; cluster analysis.
Finally, after a summary of simple regression (i.e. the straight line), we will move on to the study of multiple regression.
Emphasis will be placed on case studies .

Open issues in composite indicators. Terzi, Otoiu, Mazziotta, Pareto, Grimaccia. Downloadable from Roma TrE-press
https://romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/open-togmp-2.pdf

B.F.J. Manly and J.A. Navarro Alberto. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis (2016)

Part I: Introduction to data analysis and exploratory tecniques
- Cluster analysis
- Principal component analysis

Part 2: Normal linear regression and its generalizations
- Polynomial regression
- Multiple regression
- Logistic regression
- Beta regression
- Poisson and negative binomial regression for count data
- Spatial regression models

Part 3: Panel data analysis
- Fixed effects and random effects models for dicotomous, categorical and continuous variables
- Spatial regression models for panel data.

Chatterjee,S. and Hadi, A.S. (2012), Regression Analysis by Example, 5th Edition, Wiley. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (excluding 3.9), 4 (excluding 4.3, 4.9.2, 4.9.3, 4.10, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14), 5 (excluding 5.6 and 5.7), 6 (excluding 6.6 and 6.7), 9, 11, 12 (excluding 12.8.3 and 12.8.4), 13 (excluding 13.5, 13.6, 13.7).

Fox,J. and Weisberg, S. (2010), An R companion to applied regression, 2nd Edition, SAGE publications Inc.

Andreb, H-J, Golsch, K., Schmidt, A.W. (2013), Applied panel data analysis for economic and social
surveys, Springer. Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4

A refresher on multiple linear regression. Further topics in regression analysis: Instrumental variables, Differences-in-Differences, Regression Discontinuity estimators, Heckman's sample selection model, Mediation analysis, Quantile regression. Introduction to time series and forecasting. Models for univariate time series: ARMA, ARIMA, ARCH, GARC. Time series regression with additional predictors. The autoregressive distributed lag model. Estimation of dynamic causal effects. The VAR model. Breaks. Cointegration and error correction. Prediction with many regressors and big data: Ridge regression, the Lasso, tree-based methods.

Stock J.H. and Watson M.W., Introduction to Econometrics, Global edition, 4th Edition, 2020, Pearson.
Angrist, J.D. ; Pischke, J.-S., Mostly harmless econometrics : an empiricist's companion, 2009, Princeton University Press.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. (2021) An Introduction to Statistical Learning with R (2nd edition).

This course will provide students with an analytical framework for the study of international trade. It is divided into three main parts. The first considers both the predictions of the classical trade theory (i.e., the Ricardian Model and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model) and the new trade models with imperfect competition, including the most recent developments related to firm-level evidence. The second one discusses the effects and the political economy determinants of trade policy. Preferential trade agreements will also be discussed. The third part is devoted to analyse the topic of migration flows, their characteristics, determinants and evolution.
The course considers both the theories and recent empirical works, as well as a discussion of the relevant methodological issues in measurement and estimation.
Articles on current topics will be proposed during the class with the purpose of stimulating class discussion.

Outline
First part:
International trade: stylized facts
- Facts, changes and history of globalization

Trade Theories
- The Ricardian Model
- The Specific-Factors Model
- Factor endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- Movement of labor and Capital
- The New Trade Theories
- Offshoring and Global Value Chain
- Firm Heterogeneity

Trade policy
- Import Tariffs and Quotas
- Non-tariff measures
- Preferential agreements and Multilateral trade integration (the World Trade Organization)

Second part:
Migration
- Stylized facts on migration
- Characteristics and evolution of international migration flows
- Determinants of migration
- Economic impact of migration on countries of origin and destination

Practical laboratory sessions
- Trade, trade policies and migration data sources
- Working with trade and trade policies data: country trade report and gravity empirical applications

Feenstra R. C. and A.M Taylor (2017), International Trade, Forth Edition, Worth Publishers, chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Clemens, M. A. 2011. “Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Summer), pp. 83-106

Lecture slides, articles and other teaching material will be downloadable from the Web page of the course.

Over the past decades the importance of cities and regions has increased in parallel with
the ‘globalisation’ of the world economy. The expansion of trade, the internationalization
of firms, the galloping process of outsourcing, and the emergence of digital technologies
are not creating a 'flat world’. Numerous forces are coalescing in order to provoke the
emergence of urban 'mountains' where wealth, economic activity, and innovative capacity
agglomerate.
Not all regions have the same capacity to maximize the benefits and opportunities and
minimize the risks linked to globalization. Not all regions will experience successful
recovery and resilience trajectories.
The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of key conceptual
tools for the analysis of local economic development and policies. Lectures, seminal
focuses and practical classes will drive students in analyzing why and how local
trajectories of development can be so different and how to ensure that they are virtuous.

Conceptualization of regional growth and local development
Neo-classical approach and the regional convergence debate
Local economic development: institutions, innovation, proximities, competitiveness
Regional Policies: motivation, implementation, and impacts
Empirical analysis of regional economics and policies: data and measurement, growthdeterminants
modelling, introduction to policy evaluation approaches

Capello R., Regional Economics, Routledge 2nd Edition, 2016.
European Commission, 8th Cohesion Report, 2022

The course emphasizes an intuitive and graphical treatment of economic theory in the CGE model and provides structured experiences running the RunGTAP software environment. RunGTAP is an intuitive, menu-driven CGE model interface that minimizes technological hurdles and allows students to begin to focus on their economic thinking and experimentation quickly.
The course will:
• review core economic theories from micro, macro, trade, and public finance and observe how they are operationalized in an applied general equilibrium model
• learn to recognize, control, and interpret the theoretically consistent behavior of consumers and producers
• observe the aggregated macroeconomic impacts of microeconomic behavior
• define model experiments that represent real-world issues
• learn to interpret general equilibrium model results by integrating their knowledge of multiple fields of economic study

Burfisher, M. (2021). Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corong, E., Hertel, T., McDougall, R., Tsigas, M., van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2017). The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7, Journal of Global Economic Analysis, 2(1), 1-119 (https://www.jgea.org/ojs/index.php/jgea/article/view/47/30 )
Hertel T. W. (2012). Global Applied General Equilibrium Analysis using the GTAP Framework. GTAP Working Paper No. 66 (https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=3751 )

The course will present alternative theories of primary income distribution and employment and draw their implications for
- the analysis of growth,
- the causes and effects of technical change
- the impact of labour market reforms and macroeconomic policies
- the interpretation of the changes in income distribution and their impact on employment and growth
During the course, data and results of empirical literature will lso be presented.

Various papers and essays collected in hand-outs available online (moodle) and at the library. Below the detail:

INTRODUCTORY - FOUNDATIONS:
hand-outs with copy of:
Fabio Petri, "What capital theory can teach us"
Pierangelo Garegnani "Two routes to effective demand"
Antonella Stirati “Unemployment, institutions and the living standard in the classical theory of wages”
Antonella Stirati “Employment theories from Adam Smith to the present: an overview”

PART II PRODUCTIVITY EMPLOYMENT AND GROWTH:
R. Harrod, "An essay on dynamic theory
R. Solow, "A contribution to the theory of Economic growth
Cesaratto, Serrano e Stirati “Technical change, effective demand and employment”
N. Kaldor, On the causes of slow growth in UK
A. Okun “Potential GNP: its measurement and significance”
“Puzzles, paradoxes, and regularities: cyclical and structural productivity in the United States (1950-2005)” di Jeon e Vernengo, da pag. 237 a 243

PART III - READINGS ON: FLEXIBILITY and EMPLOYMENT; CAUSES OF THE CHANGES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTION; CONFLICT OVER INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC POLICY
The professor will propose readings that will be presented by the students. Intersted students will be given the opportunity to read papers on these themes relating to the Italian Economy.
All the reading for the course will be made available online to the students attending the course

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, ninth edition, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli I, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

General Part

- Introduction to the Economics of Innovation
- Innovation and Performance: Growth, Employment, Productivity, Export, Environment
- Diffusion and impact of digital technologies
- The theoretical foundations of Science, Innovation and Technology Policies
- Public policies for eco-innovation


The Italian case

- The characteristics of the Italian innovation system
- The role of public enterprises in the technological and industrial development of Italy
- Industrial Policy in Italy

Franco Malerba, Economia dell’Innovazione, Carocci editore
M. Mazzucato, Lo Stato Innovatore, Laterza, 2014

Reading list


Amatori, F., Bugamelli, M., Colli, A. (2011). Italian firms in history: size, technology and entrepreneurship. Bank of Italy Economic History Working Papers, 13, pp. 1–53.

Antonelli C., Barbiellini Amidei F., Fassio C. (2014). The mechanisms of knowledge governance: State owned enterprises and Italian economic growth, 1950–1994. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 31, pp. 43-63.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2015). Knowledge as Global Public Good. In: The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation, First Edition. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (eds). DOI: 10.1111/b.9781118739068.2015.00025.x.

Archibugi D. and Filippetti A., (2017). The retreat of public research and its adverse consequences on innovation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Article in Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.022

Calvino F. and Virgillito M. E., (2017). The innovation-employment nexus: a critical survey of theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Surveys, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12190.

Caravella, S., Crespi, F., Cucignatto, G., Guarascio, D. (2024). Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 434, 140222.

Caravella S., Crespi F. (2021) The role of public procurement as innovation lever: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 30:7, 663-68.

Cerulli, G., Poti, B., 2012. Designing ex-post assessment of corporate RDI policies: conceptualization, indicators and modeling. World Rev. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev. 9, 2–4.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., Pennacchio, L., (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector, Research Policy, Vol. 44, pp. 577-595.

Costantini V., Crespi F., Palma, A., (2017), Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: a patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies, Research Policy, Vol. 46, pp. 799-819.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Marin, G., Paglialunga, E. (2017). Eco-innovation, sustainable supply chains and environmental performance in European industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 155, pp. 141-154.

V Costantini, F Crespi, E Paglialunga (2018), The employment impact of private and public actions for energy efficiency: Evidence from European industries, Energy Policy 119, 250-267

Goldstein A., (2003). Privatization in Italy 1993 - 2002: Goals, Institutions, Outcomes, and Outstanding Issues. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 912. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=396324

Munari F., Roberts E. B., Sobrero M., (2002). Privatization processes and the redefinition of corporate R&D boundaries. Research policy, Vol. 31, pp. 31-53.

Sabrina Pastorelli, Lo stato imprenditore e la qualificazione tecnologica dello sviluppo economico italiano: l'esperienza dell'iri nei primi decenni del secondo dopoguerra, Banca d’Italia, Quaderni dell’ufficio ricerche storiche, 12 , Dicembre 2006.

Centro Economia Digitale (2020), Libro Bianco sull’Economia Digitale.

Centro Economia Digitale (2023), Tecnologie di Frontiera.

The first lessons will be devoted to a summary of basic statistical concepts (such as variance, covariance, correlation, linear combinations) and matrix algebra.
We will then move on to the study of possible data matrix syntheses: composite indicators, principal component analysis; cluster analysis.
Finally, after a summary of simple regression (i.e. the straight line), we will move on to the study of multiple regression.
Emphasis will be placed on case studies .

Open issues in composite indicators. Terzi, Otoiu, Mazziotta, Pareto, Grimaccia. Downloadable from Roma TrE-press
https://romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/open-togmp-2.pdf

B.F.J. Manly and J.A. Navarro Alberto. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis (2016)

Part I: Introduction to data analysis and exploratory tecniques
- Cluster analysis
- Principal component analysis

Part 2: Normal linear regression and its generalizations
- Polynomial regression
- Multiple regression
- Logistic regression
- Beta regression
- Poisson and negative binomial regression for count data
- Spatial regression models

Part 3: Panel data analysis
- Fixed effects and random effects models for dicotomous, categorical and continuous variables
- Spatial regression models for panel data.

Chatterjee,S. and Hadi, A.S. (2012), Regression Analysis by Example, 5th Edition, Wiley. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (excluding 3.9), 4 (excluding 4.3, 4.9.2, 4.9.3, 4.10, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14), 5 (excluding 5.6 and 5.7), 6 (excluding 6.6 and 6.7), 9, 11, 12 (excluding 12.8.3 and 12.8.4), 13 (excluding 13.5, 13.6, 13.7).

Fox,J. and Weisberg, S. (2010), An R companion to applied regression, 2nd Edition, SAGE publications Inc.

Andreb, H-J, Golsch, K., Schmidt, A.W. (2013), Applied panel data analysis for economic and social
surveys, Springer. Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4

A refresher on multiple linear regression. Further topics in regression analysis: Instrumental variables, Differences-in-Differences, Regression Discontinuity estimators, Heckman's sample selection model, Mediation analysis, Quantile regression. Introduction to time series and forecasting. Models for univariate time series: ARMA, ARIMA, ARCH, GARC. Time series regression with additional predictors. The autoregressive distributed lag model. Estimation of dynamic causal effects. The VAR model. Breaks. Cointegration and error correction. Prediction with many regressors and big data: Ridge regression, the Lasso, tree-based methods.

Stock J.H. and Watson M.W., Introduction to Econometrics, Global edition, 4th Edition, 2020, Pearson.
Angrist, J.D. ; Pischke, J.-S., Mostly harmless econometrics : an empiricist's companion, 2009, Princeton University Press.
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. (2021) An Introduction to Statistical Learning with R (2nd edition).

- Recalls of basic statistics and statistical inference
- Hypothesis test on a parameter (mean, proportion, variance)
- Hypothesis test for the difference between means and proportions in the case of independent and paired samples
- independence tests
- Variance Analysis (ANOVA)
- Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kuskal-Wallis, Spearman sign tests)
- Simple and multiple linear model
- Factorial analysis
- Cluster analysis
- Logistics regression
- Elements of sampling techniques and websurvey

Agresti A., Finlay B.(2015) Metodi statistici di base e avanzati, Pearson Editore
Zani S., Cerioli A. (2007) Analisi dei dati e data mining per le decisioni aziendali, Giuffrè Editore.
Notes and handout (in Italian) are available at the web page of the course.

Review of the basics of marketing management (analysis, strategy and marketing mix). The basics of business sustainability with particular focus on the food sector. The principles of innovation in the company: conception, development and marketing of new products.

(2023) Ideazione, sviluppo e marketing dei nuovi prodotti (con A. Geremicca), Edizioni Roma TrE-Press, ISBN 979-12-5977-197-1
(2022) Il cibo perfetto. Aziende, consumatori e impatto ambientale del cibo (con M.Marino) seconda edizione, Edizioni Ambiente, ISBN 978-88-6627-344-8

- Recalls of basic statistics and statistical inference
- Hypothesis test on a parameter (mean, proportion, variance)
- Hypothesis test for the difference between means and proportions in the case of independent and paired samples
- independence tests
- Variance Analysis (ANOVA)
- Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, Kuskal-Wallis, Spearman sign tests)
- Simple and multiple linear model
- Factorial analysis
- Cluster analysis
- Logistics regression
- Elements of sampling techniques and websurvey

Agresti A., Finlay B.(2015) Metodi statistici di base e avanzati, Pearson Editore
Zani S., Cerioli A. (2007) Analisi dei dati e data mining per le decisioni aziendali, Giuffrè Editore.
Notes and handout (in Italian) are available at the web page of the course.