Anatomical terminology, basics of cytology (plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, protein synthesis), basics of histology (epithelia, tissues). Systemic anatomy: osteo-arthro-myology (skeleton, bone classification, general information on the skull and spine, rib cage, pelvis, limbs; classification of the joints and notes on the temporomandibular, scapulohumeral, coxo-femoral, knee; classification of muscles, groups and compartments, chest and abdominal walls, diaphragm). Cardio-circulatory system: systemic and pulmonary circulation, portal systems and retia mirabilia, heart and mediastinum, aorta and its branches, peripheral pulses, visceral and parietal roots of the vena cava, structure of arteries and veins, myocardium and heart conduction system. Splanchnology: respiratory system (upper and lower airways, mucociliary clearance, lungs, pulmonary alveolus, hematosis, pleura), digestive system (gross and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestine, general information on the peritoneum; liver, pancreas and biliary tract), urinary system (kidneys and urinary tract; nephron, transitional epithelium), reproductive system (male and female internal and external genitalia, spermatogenesis and seminal fluid, ovarian and menstrual cycle). Integuments and udder. Endocrine system (hormone synthesis). Central nervous system: gross and microscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, telencephalon, cerebellum, meninges. The liquor. General information on pathways and nerve centres. Peripheral nervous system: spinal nerve, reflex arc, encephalic nerves (details on II, V, VII, VIII, X and XI pair), nerve plexuses. Autonomic nervous system: topography and functions. Sense organs: auditory (external, middle, internal ear, sound transmission) and visual (eye and ocular adnexa, nerve transmission, extrinsic muscles, lacrimation). Hemopoiesis, spleen and lymph nodes.

Anatomia Umana – Elementi - Arcuri, Artico, Bertagnolo, Cataldi et.al. Edizioni EDI ERMES
Appunti di Anatomia Microscopica – Marco Artico – Edizioni CISU
Atlante di Anatomia – Thomas R. Gest – Edizioni PICCIN

Plant cytology. Plant cells; endosymbiotic theories. Main intracellular structures. Vacuoles, Cell wall, Plastids. Cell differentiation.
Plant anatomy. Meristems and plant cell totipotency; vegetative apexes. Specialized tissues; parenchyma; integumental, mechanical, conducting, secretory tissues. The corm; anatomy and organography of root, stems, leaves; specializations and transformations. The flower, its structure, nature and formation; pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis; seeds and fruits. Vegetative reproduction. Corm development: primary and secondary growth. Primary and secondary structures of roots and stems; leaf development and organization. Sexual reproduction and ontogenetic cycle evolution.
Biodiversity, systematics and plant phylogeny. Concept of plant organisms; methods of phylogenetic investigation; classifications. Photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Phyletic lineages from photosynthetic unicellular cells. Reproductive modes and biological cycles. Fungi and Lichens. Main algal taxa. Bryophytes. Vascular plants: pteridophytes; gymnosperms; angiosperms, with examples of families. Global importance of vegetation and plant biodiversity.

Module 1: General microbiology
1) Introduction to the microbial world; 2) Structure and functions of the prokaryotic cell; 3) Cell wall of prokaryotes; 4) Cellular appendages and motility; 5) Differentiation in prokaryotes; 6) Principles of metabolism in prokaryotes; 7) Microbial cultivation techniques; 8) Bacterial chromosome and replication; 9) Accessory genetic elements (plasmids, transposons and integrons); 10) Genetic variability, mutations and horizontal gene transfer; 11) Transcription, translation and gene regulation; 12) Bacteriophages.

Microbiologia Farmaceutica
N. Carlone, R. Pompei, V. Tullio
Editore: EdiSES

Characteristics and structure of viruses, stages of viral infection and replication, Baltimore classification of viruses;
Principles of immunology, immune response to infection; viral pathogenesis;
Examples of DNA viruses: Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV);
RNA viruses: hepatitis C virus (HCV), poliovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus;
Retroviruses and HIV;
Active immunisation (vaccines);
Diagnosis of viral infections;
Antiviral drugs.

Introduction to analytical chemistry
Glassware and laboratory equipment
Measurement errors
- Classic methods of analysis: Gravimetric analyses; Volumetric analyses: acid-base, redox, complexation and precipitation titrations
- Analysis with electrochemical methods: direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations
- Analysis with spectrochemical methods: molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIs and IR); fluorescence spectroscopy; atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; mass spectrometry
- Analysis methods by phase distribution: GC and HPLC chromatography

D.S. Hage, J.D. Carr "Analytical Chemistry and Quantitative analysis"
F.J.Holler, S.R. Crouch "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry" Feltrinelli

Part 1. Business economics
1.1. Business economics and business behavior; scientific and historical perspectives.
1.2. The business as a coordinated and purposeful system: wealth, management and organization.
1.3. The function of business in the context of human needs.
1.4. Classification of businesses: firms and other establishments.

Part 2. Business accounting
2.1. Income and wealth: nature and measurement.
2.2. The financial statements.
2.3. Costs and returns; efficiency and economic value.

Part 3. Business management
3.1. Legal subject and economic subject: the legal framework that applies to a business
3.2. Governance: actors, structures and processes
3.3. Providers of capital and their interests; the financial structure of a business
3.4. Definitions, structures, classifications of groups

Part 4. Business and society
4.1. Agency theory
4.2. Stakeholder theory
4.3. New ways of thinking

Mauro Paoloni and Paola Paoloni (eds.). Introduzione ed orientamento allo studio delle aziende. 2nd edition. Torino: Giappichelli 2021

The concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases. The causes of cellular damage: ischemia, toxic radicals, chemical agents. Necrosis and apoptosis. The cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, and metaplasia. Vascular and cellular events in acute inflammation, chemical mediators, outcome, and morphological patterns of acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation with special reference to granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects and effects of deranged inflammation. The acute and chronic inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute inflammation and their role. Histological features of the chronic inflammation. The granulomas of tuberculosis as an example of chronic inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation: fever and protein of acute phase. Diagnostic markers of inflammation (ESR, blood count, proteins of acute phase, the complement). Tissue renewal and repair: Regeneration healing and fibrosis. Control of normal cell proliferation and tissue growth, mechanism of tissue regeneration, repair by healing and fibrosis. The natural and acquired immunity. The cells of the immune system. The antigen processing and the HLA system. The lymphocytes: their maturation and activation. The concept of immune tolerance. The characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Morpho-functional characteristics of the transformed cells. The role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of tumors. The chemical, physical and biological carcinogenesis. The DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Some diagnostic markers of cancer. Definition, nomenclature, and biology of tumour growth. Molecular basis of cancer with special reference to carcinogenic agents and molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis. Grading, staging and laboratory diagnosis of cancer.

Pontieri, Russo, Frati - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale -Tomo I - VI Edizione a cura di F.Mainiero, R.Misasi, M.Sorice - Edito da Picccin, 2018; ISBN: 978-88-299-2963-4 oppure IV Edizione ISBN: 978-88-299-2036-5

Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Volume Unico di Patologie Generale. Edito da Elsevier, 8° Edizione 2010; ISBN:9788821431746

Moncharmont e coll. - Patologia Generale. Edito da Idelson - Gnocchi, 2012; ISBN:978-88-7947-542

The professor receives every day by appointment via e-mail: alessandra.cona@uniroma3.it

Phytotherapy, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology. Historical development of the use of medicinal plants from the ancient time to the modern age. Medical school in the ancient times. Natural pharmacy, medicinal plants. Drugs and Natural products.
(1 CFU)
Plants Biodiversity of pharmaceutical interest. Main families of medicinal interest and common pharmacological features. Study of the main plant species of medicinal and interest: botanical description, geographical distribution, part of the plant used, active principles of pharmaceutical interest, mechanism of action, pharmaceutical forms.
(2 CFU + LAB)
Products of primary and secondary metabolism. Role of secondary metabolites in plants. Compartmentation and accumulation. Secretion and secondary metabolism. Metabolism of secretion and secretory systems. The biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. Mechanisms to produce substances of pharmaceutical interest. Endogenous and exogenous factors, which influences the production of active ingredients in plants of pharmaceutical interest.
(2 CFU)

Anatomical terminology, basics of cytology (plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, protein synthesis), basics of histology (epithelia, tissues). Systemic anatomy: osteo-arthro-myology (skeleton, bone classification, general information on the skull and spine, rib cage, pelvis, limbs; classification of the joints and notes on the temporomandibular, scapulohumeral, coxo-femoral, knee; classification of muscles, groups and compartments, chest and abdominal walls, diaphragm). Cardio-circulatory system: systemic and pulmonary circulation, portal systems and retia mirabilia, heart and mediastinum, aorta and its branches, peripheral pulses, visceral and parietal roots of the vena cava, structure of arteries and veins, myocardium and heart conduction system. Splanchnology: respiratory system (upper and lower airways, mucociliary clearance, lungs, pulmonary alveolus, hematosis, pleura), digestive system (gross and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestine, general information on the peritoneum; liver, pancreas and biliary tract), urinary system (kidneys and urinary tract; nephron, transitional epithelium), reproductive system (male and female internal and external genitalia, spermatogenesis and seminal fluid, ovarian and menstrual cycle). Integuments and udder. Endocrine system (hormone synthesis). Central nervous system: gross and microscopic anatomy of the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, telencephalon, cerebellum, meninges. The liquor. General information on pathways and nerve centres. Peripheral nervous system: spinal nerve, reflex arc, encephalic nerves (details on II, V, VII, VIII, X and XI pair), nerve plexuses. Autonomic nervous system: topography and functions. Sense organs: auditory (external, middle, internal ear, sound transmission) and visual (eye and ocular adnexa, nerve transmission, extrinsic muscles, lacrimation). Hemopoiesis, spleen and lymph nodes.

Anatomia Umana – Elementi - Arcuri, Artico, Bertagnolo, Cataldi et.al. Edizioni EDI ERMES
Appunti di Anatomia Microscopica – Marco Artico – Edizioni CISU
Atlante di Anatomia – Thomas R. Gest – Edizioni PICCIN

Plant cytology. Plant cells; endosymbiotic theories. Main intracellular structures. Vacuoles, Cell wall, Plastids. Cell differentiation.
Plant anatomy. Meristems and plant cell totipotency; vegetative apexes. Specialized tissues; parenchyma; integumental, mechanical, conducting, secretory tissues. The corm; anatomy and organography of root, stems, leaves; specializations and transformations. The flower, its structure, nature and formation; pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis; seeds and fruits. Vegetative reproduction. Corm development: primary and secondary growth. Primary and secondary structures of roots and stems; leaf development and organization. Sexual reproduction and ontogenetic cycle evolution.
Biodiversity, systematics and plant phylogeny. Concept of plant organisms; methods of phylogenetic investigation; classifications. Photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Phyletic lineages from photosynthetic unicellular cells. Reproductive modes and biological cycles. Fungi and Lichens. Main algal taxa. Bryophytes. Vascular plants: pteridophytes; gymnosperms; angiosperms, with examples of families. Global importance of vegetation and plant biodiversity.

Module 1: General microbiology
1) Introduction to the microbial world; 2) Structure and functions of the prokaryotic cell; 3) Cell wall of prokaryotes; 4) Cellular appendages and motility; 5) Differentiation in prokaryotes; 6) Principles of metabolism in prokaryotes; 7) Microbial cultivation techniques; 8) Bacterial chromosome and replication; 9) Accessory genetic elements (plasmids, transposons and integrons); 10) Genetic variability, mutations and horizontal gene transfer; 11) Transcription, translation and gene regulation; 12) Bacteriophages.

Microbiologia Farmaceutica
N. Carlone, R. Pompei, V. Tullio
Editore: EdiSES

Characteristics and structure of viruses, stages of viral infection and replication, Baltimore classification of viruses;
Principles of immunology, immune response to infection; viral pathogenesis;
Examples of DNA viruses: Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV);
RNA viruses: hepatitis C virus (HCV), poliovirus, coronavirus, influenza virus;
Retroviruses and HIV;
Active immunisation (vaccines);
Diagnosis of viral infections;
Antiviral drugs.

Introduction to analytical chemistry
Glassware and laboratory equipment
Measurement errors
- Classic methods of analysis: Gravimetric analyses; Volumetric analyses: acid-base, redox, complexation and precipitation titrations
- Analysis with electrochemical methods: direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations
- Analysis with spectrochemical methods: molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIs and IR); fluorescence spectroscopy; atomic emission and absorption spectroscopy; mass spectrometry
- Analysis methods by phase distribution: GC and HPLC chromatography

D.S. Hage, J.D. Carr "Analytical Chemistry and Quantitative analysis"
F.J.Holler, S.R. Crouch "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry" Feltrinelli

Part 1. Business economics
1.1. Business economics and business behavior; scientific and historical perspectives.
1.2. The business as a coordinated and purposeful system: wealth, management and organization.
1.3. The function of business in the context of human needs.
1.4. Classification of businesses: firms and other establishments.

Part 2. Business accounting
2.1. Income and wealth: nature and measurement.
2.2. The financial statements.
2.3. Costs and returns; efficiency and economic value.

Part 3. Business management
3.1. Legal subject and economic subject: the legal framework that applies to a business
3.2. Governance: actors, structures and processes
3.3. Providers of capital and their interests; the financial structure of a business
3.4. Definitions, structures, classifications of groups

Part 4. Business and society
4.1. Agency theory
4.2. Stakeholder theory
4.3. New ways of thinking

Mauro Paoloni and Paola Paoloni (eds.). Introduzione ed orientamento allo studio delle aziende. 2nd edition. Torino: Giappichelli 2021

The concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases. The causes of cellular damage: ischemia, toxic radicals, chemical agents. Necrosis and apoptosis. The cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, and metaplasia. Vascular and cellular events in acute inflammation, chemical mediators, outcome, and morphological patterns of acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation with special reference to granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects and effects of deranged inflammation. The acute and chronic inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute inflammation and their role. Histological features of the chronic inflammation. The granulomas of tuberculosis as an example of chronic inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation: fever and protein of acute phase. Diagnostic markers of inflammation (ESR, blood count, proteins of acute phase, the complement). Tissue renewal and repair: Regeneration healing and fibrosis. Control of normal cell proliferation and tissue growth, mechanism of tissue regeneration, repair by healing and fibrosis. The natural and acquired immunity. The cells of the immune system. The antigen processing and the HLA system. The lymphocytes: their maturation and activation. The concept of immune tolerance. The characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Morpho-functional characteristics of the transformed cells. The role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of tumors. The chemical, physical and biological carcinogenesis. The DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Some diagnostic markers of cancer. Definition, nomenclature, and biology of tumour growth. Molecular basis of cancer with special reference to carcinogenic agents and molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis. Grading, staging and laboratory diagnosis of cancer.

Pontieri, Russo, Frati - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale -Tomo I - VI Edizione a cura di F.Mainiero, R.Misasi, M.Sorice - Edito da Picccin, 2018; ISBN: 978-88-299-2963-4 oppure IV Edizione ISBN: 978-88-299-2036-5

Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Volume Unico di Patologie Generale. Edito da Elsevier, 8° Edizione 2010; ISBN:9788821431746

Moncharmont e coll. - Patologia Generale. Edito da Idelson - Gnocchi, 2012; ISBN:978-88-7947-542

The professor receives every day by appointment via e-mail: alessandra.cona@uniroma3.it

Phytotherapy, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology. Historical development of the use of medicinal plants from the ancient time to the modern age. Medical school in the ancient times. Natural pharmacy, medicinal plants. Drugs and Natural products.
(1 CFU)
Plants Biodiversity of pharmaceutical interest. Main families of medicinal interest and common pharmacological features. Study of the main plant species of medicinal and interest: botanical description, geographical distribution, part of the plant used, active principles of pharmaceutical interest, mechanism of action, pharmaceutical forms.
(2 CFU + LAB)
Products of primary and secondary metabolism. Role of secondary metabolites in plants. Compartmentation and accumulation. Secretion and secondary metabolism. Metabolism of secretion and secretory systems. The biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. Mechanisms to produce substances of pharmaceutical interest. Endogenous and exogenous factors, which influences the production of active ingredients in plants of pharmaceutical interest.
(2 CFU)