Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

- The information system for the managerial decision-making process
- Development of planning and budgeting functions
- The decision-making process
- Strategic planning: definition of strategy, levels of strategy (corporate strategy, business area/unit strategy, business strategy), phases of the strategic process, portfolio analysis, portfolio matrix, critical success factors
- Models of organizational growth and development. Planning topics: external growth and globalization, flexibility, just in time model, outsourcing, total quality management, cost leadership, business process reengineering, benchmarking
- From strategic planning to budgeting. The budget and its elements.
- A systemic approach to control: goals and principles. Operating control, managerial control and strategic control. Effectiveness and efficiency: definitions and indicators.
- Control requirements: methods, accounting systems (financial accounting, cost accounting, standard cost, budget, variance analysis) and organizational structure (responsibility centers). Costing systems: Direct costing - full costing Activity Based Costing.
- Reporting. Performance Evaluation Models (Balanced Scorecard, Performance Prism, Common Assessment Framework)
- Case Study

- Garrison, Norreen, Brewer, Managerial Accounting (13th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition)
- Slides and articles on the website

- The information system for the managerial decision-making process
- Development of planning and budgeting functions
- The decision-making process
- Strategic planning: definition of strategy, levels of strategy (corporate strategy, business area/unit strategy, business strategy), phases of the strategic process, portfolio analysis, portfolio matrix, critical success factors
- Models of organizational growth and development. Planning topics: external growth and globalization, flexibility, just in time model, outsourcing, total quality management, cost leadership, business process reengineering, benchmarking
- From strategic planning to budgeting. The budget and its elements.
- A systemic approach to control: goals and principles. Operating control, managerial control and strategic control. Effectiveness and efficiency: definitions and indicators.
- Control requirements: methods, accounting systems (financial accounting, cost accounting, standard cost, budget, variance analysis) and organizational structure (responsibility centers). Costing systems: Direct costing - full costing Activity Based Costing.
- Reporting. Performance Evaluation Models (Balanced Scorecard, Performance Prism, Common Assessment Framework)
- Case Study

- Garrison, Norreen, Brewer, Managerial Accounting (13th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition)
- Slides and articles on the website

The approach of the Laboratory is applied and inter-disciplinary. The learning objectives are focused on the development of professional capacities in applied economics, with a planning that alternates lectures, practical classes and seminars with external experts.Students will acquire skills in the subsequent fields of applied economics:a) definition and interpretation of the main macroeconomic indicators; analysis of statistical sources and institutional reporting about the Italian and European Union economies;b) territorial and sectoral analysis;c) tools and methods for economic policies and planning, and application to public choices.In the current edition the seminars devoted to monographic in-depth analysis will concern these topics: the productive structure of the Italian economy and different interpretations of its points of strength and of weakness; European economic governance and national cycle of budget decision; territorial analysis of the Italian economy; services of general economic interest and public utilities: markets and regulation, with specific analysis for public transport, energy production, production and distribution of electric and gas power; relations between banks and industries in Italy; reform of popular banks.An integrant part of the course, that constitutes element for final evaluation, is the drafting, by each student, of a research report (a written report or an exercise in applied economics or other types of monograph study chosen with the agreement of professors).The particular structure of the Laboratory requires the compulsory attendance to lectures and seminars.

The reference material is constituted mainly by reports and data bases of national and international public and research institutions (Istat, Bank of Italy, European Commission, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, etc.) and by reading lists for the thematic seminars.It will be indicated during the classes and made available for students through the website of the course

The approach of the Laboratory is applied and inter-disciplinary. The learning objectives are focused on the development of professional capacities in applied economics, with a planning that alternates lectures, practical classes and seminars with external experts.Students will acquire skills in the subsequent fields of applied economics:a) definition and interpretation of the main macroeconomic indicators; analysis of statistical sources and institutional reporting about the Italian and European Union economies;b) territorial and sectoral analysis;c) tools and methods for economic policies and planning, and application to public choices.In the current edition the seminars devoted to monographic in-depth analysis will concern these topics: the productive structure of the Italian economy and different interpretations of its points of strength and of weakness; European economic governance and national cycle of budget decision; territorial analysis of the Italian economy; services of general economic interest and public utilities: markets and regulation, with specific analysis for public transport, energy production, production and distribution of electric and gas power; relations between banks and industries in Italy; reform of popular banks.An integrant part of the course, that constitutes element for final evaluation, is the drafting, by each student, of a research report (a written report or an exercise in applied economics or other types of monograph study chosen with the agreement of professors).The particular structure of the Laboratory requires the compulsory attendance to lectures and seminars.

The reference material is constituted mainly by reports and data bases of national and international public and research institutions (Istat, Bank of Italy, European Commission, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, etc.) and by reading lists for the thematic seminars.It will be indicated during the classes and made available for students through the website of the course

DescriptionThe course is dedicated to studying the methods used to define the quality of life in an urban environment. Quality indicators will be analysed in detail by taking account of the complex relationships that arise from different kinds of wellbeing (economic, social, environmental). Our case study will focus on the urban area of Ostiense-Marconi and the socio-economic, urban and environmental effects caused by the arrival of the University Roma Tre in the 1990s. We will begin by introducing basic concepts, and discussing some of the problems regarding the different priorities of the city and of citizens’ quality of life. Existing studies on the quality of life elsewhere and under different administrative systems will also be studied, along with their respective theoretical approaches and quality indicator systems.A body of information covering comparable data in different time periods will be provided, although this information will be dependent on the accessibility and availability of such data.The course will attach great importance to the applied approach. Students will acquire basic concepts in the construction and management of databases, analytical research and spatial statistics. There will also be some lessons on the use of GIS and its application in the presentation of the results of practical exercises.Databases and additional material These will be provided to students during the course.

Camagni R. (1998) Principi di economia urbana e territoriale, Roma, CarocciStorper M., Scott A.J. (2009) Rethinking human capital, creativity and urban growth, Journal of Economic Geography 9, pp.147-167van Kamp I., Leidelmeijer K., Marsman G., de Hollander A. (2003) Urban environmental quality and human well-being. Towards a conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts; a literature study, Landscape and Urban Planning 65, pp. 5–18Robeyns I . (2005) The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey, Journal of Human Development 6(1), pp. 93-117Smith T., Nelischer M., Perkins N. (1997) Quality of an urban community: a framework for understanding the relationship between quality and physical form, Landscape and Urban Planning 39, pp 229-241Martínez, J.A., Pfeffer, K. and Baud, I. (2016) Factors shaping cartographic representations of inequalities : maps as products and processes, Habitat International : A Journal for the Study of Human Settlements, 51 (2016) pp. 90-102.ISTAT (2015) La nuova geografia dei sistemi locali, on-line: http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/172444ISTAT (2014) Rapporto BES 2014, on-line: www.istat.it/it/archivio/126613Roma città “fai da te”, Quaderni urbanistica 02/2013.Lelo K. (2006) Le «frontiere» dell’urbano, in M.F. Boemi, C.M. Travaglini (a cura di ) Roma dall'alto, pp. 69-74, Roma, Roma Tre.Lelo K. (2006) La forma della città, in M.F. Boemi, C.M. Travaglini (a cura di) Roma dall'alto, pp. 75-100, Roma, Roma Tre.Lelo K. (2011) Sistemi informativi geografici, in M. Munafò (a cura di), Rappresentare il territorio e l'ambiente, pp. 265-274, Roma, Bonanno.Lelo K. (2011) Principi di basi di dati, in M. Munafò (a cura di), Rappresentare il territorio e l'ambiente, pp. 287-292, Avarello A., d’Errico R., Palazzo A.L., Travaglini C.M. (a cura di), Il quadrante Ostiense tra Otto e Novecento, “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, XII, 2004, 1-2;D’Errico R., Travaglini C.M. (a cura di), Economia, società e politiche urbane del territorio ostiense (secc. XIX-XX), “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, XX, 2012, 1;D’Errico R., Travaglini C.M. (a cura di), Ricerche sul patrimonio urbano tra Testaccio e Ostiense, “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, XX, 2012, 2;Neri M.L., Parisella A., Racheli A.M. (a cura di), Industria e città. I luoghi della produzione fra archeologia e recupero, “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, VIII, 2000, 1-2;Racheli A., Ostiense Novissima: quale futuro per questa area urbana? “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, XIV, 2006, 1-3, pp. 381-386;Travaglini C.M. (a cura di), Un patrimonio urbano tra memoria e progetti. Roma. L’area Ostiense-Testaccio, Roma, CROMA-Università Roma Tre, 2004.Travaglini C.M., Tra Testaccio e l’Ostiense i segni di Roma produttiva: un paesaggio urbano e un patrimonio culturale per la città, “Roma moderna e contemporanea”, XIV, 2006, 1-3, pp. 343-380.

The course provides an overview of the fundamental economic-corporate aspects of the processes of restructuring and reorganization of companies, both when these processes come from within the corporate structures, and when they are imposed by the economic and legal system in which they operate.The course is divided into two parts.The first part of the course focuses on the economic-business aspects of the main insolvency procedures and of the other instruments for overcoming and / or managing the crisis.The second part of the course is dedicated to the in-depth study of the main extraordinary operations used in the context of corporate restructuring processes, with a focus on fundamental strategic, regulatory, accounting and fiscal profiles.Module 1 program:Business balances and crisis: introductory conceptsTheory and practice of insolvency proceduresThe business crisisBusiness cases and insightsThe business plan: referencesRecovery plansBusiness cases and insightsRevocation action and exemptionPlans for reorganization certificatesBusiness cases and insightsAlert procedures and settlement of the crisisDebt restructuring agreementsBusiness cases and insightsCreditors AgreementBusiness cases and insightsExtraordinary administrationBusiness cases and insights

The teaching material is made available by the teachers through the website: techniquesblog.wordpress.com

The approach of the Laboratory is applied and inter-disciplinary. The learning objectives are focused on the development of professional capacities in applied economics, with a planning that alternates lectures, practical classes and seminars with external experts.
Students will acquire skills in the subsequent fields of applied economics:
a) definition and interpretation of the main macroeconomic indicators; analysis of statistical sources and institutional reporting about the Italian and European Union economies;
b) territorial and sectoral analysis;
c) tools and methods for economic policies and planning, and application to public choices.
In the current edition the seminars devoted to monographic in-depth analysis will concern these topics: the productive structure of the Italian economy and different interpretations of its points of strength and of weakness; European economic governance and national cycle of budget decision; territorial analysis of the Italian economy; services of general economic interest and public utilities: markets and regulation, with specific analysis for public transport, energy production, production and distribution of electric and gas power; relations between banks and industries in Italy; reform of popular banks.
An integrant part of the course, that constitutes element for final evaluation, is the drafting, by each student, of a research report (a written report or an exercise in applied economics or other types of monograph study chosen with the agreement of professors).
The particular structure of the Laboratory requires the compulsory attendance to lectures and seminars.

The reference material is constituted mainly by reports and data bases of national and international public and research institutions (Istat, Bank of Italy, European Commission, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, etc.) and by reading lists for the thematic seminars.
It will be indicated during the classes and made available for students through the website of the course

The approach of the Laboratory is applied and inter-disciplinary. The learning objectives are focused on the development of professional capacities in applied economics, with a planning that alternates lectures, practical classes and seminars with external experts.
Students will acquire skills in the subsequent fields of applied economics:
a) definition and interpretation of the main macroeconomic indicators; analysis of statistical sources and institutional reporting about the Italian and European Union economies;
b) territorial and sectoral analysis;
c) tools and methods for economic policies and planning, and application to public choices.
In the current edition the seminars devoted to monographic in-depth analysis will concern these topics: the productive structure of the Italian economy and different interpretations of its points of strength and of weakness; European economic governance and national cycle of budget decision; territorial analysis of the Italian economy; services of general economic interest and public utilities: markets and regulation, with specific analysis for public transport, energy production, production and distribution of electric and gas power; relations between banks and industries in Italy; reform of popular banks.
An integrant part of the course, that constitutes element for final evaluation, is the drafting, by each student, of a research report (a written report or an exercise in applied economics or other types of monograph study chosen with the agreement of professors).
The particular structure of the Laboratory requires the compulsory attendance to lectures and seminars.

The reference material is constituted mainly by reports and data bases of national and international public and research institutions (Istat, Bank of Italy, European Commission, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, etc.) and by reading lists for the thematic seminars.
It will be indicated during the classes and made available for students through the website of the course

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions which best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of company. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of twentieth century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods; finally, we will use the example of specific companies to further understand the situation in Italy, a country which has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the twentieth century. This will allow us to reflect upon current theories of Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects.The following themes will be covered during the course:• Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’• Businesses and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions• The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups.• Company management and governance: organisation, work and advances in techniques.• The rise and fall of public companies.• Industrial concentration and corporate groups in twentieth century Italy.• Business and government in Italy, from the birth of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI) to privatisation policies.• The scale of companies: big businesses v small and medium companies.• Technological innovation and work in Italian industries during the last decades of the twentieth century.• The fourth capitalism: scale and distribution; physiognomy; internationalisation; organisational structures

- Alfred D. Chandler Jr., Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997.- Geoffrey Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008

Module I (Company)CompanyCost-effectiveness, systematicness and business purposesCorporate governance: content and purposeCompany strategy and policyModule II (Corporate crises)Corporate crises: types and causesThe crisis of the small businessTechniques and models for predicting corporate crisesCriteria for the management of corporate crisesModule III (Modalities of corporate crisis management)Extra-judicial strategies and tools for corporate crisis managementIndustrial plansModule IV (In-depth accounting)Nature of the accounts and their placing on the balance sheetForeign currency transactionsWrite-down and write-back of depreciable assetsThe Equity Method for the valuation of equity investmentsWarehouse evaluation (Lifo, Fifo, Cmp)Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator

I° Module:Besanko D., Dranove D., Schaefer S., Shanley M.T.,Economics of Strategy, Wiley, 2015II° Module:Bernstein J., Manager’s Guide to Crisis Management, Briefcase Books, 2011Quagli A., Danovi A., Crisi Aziendali e processi di risanamento, Ipsoa, 2012