The course is divided in three parts:
1. Fundamental patterns and definitions of the discipline
-The languages as codes: descriptions, metaphors and representations
-The units of analysis: from the sounds to the texts
-The norms: from that systemic to that sociolinguistic
-The functions: from that communicative to that pragmatic
-The variables: time and spaces
2. Short excursus on the origins of the Linguistic Science and its sectors
3. Nouns, names and naming: definitions, classifications and psed o-names

Catricalà M., Forme parole e norme, Franco Angeli
Capitoli da Catricalà M. et alii, Metodologia della ricerca linguistica, dispensa


On the History of Linguistics
G. Graffi Due secoli di pensiero linguistico. Dai primi dell'Ottocento a oggi, Carocci
oppure
Leroy M. Profilo storico della linguistica moderna. Con appendice di Tullio De Mauro, Laterza
Catricalà M. Linguistica e vaghezza: il caso di -pseudo, Il Calamo

For the foreign students Yule G, The study of language

This is an introductive course to the study of the role of language in communication, and to the persuasion strategies, that can help to uphold and confirm one’s own opinion. The course is composed of two parts. The first module involves the analysis of the linguistic units in order to better understand how language works in communication. In the second part, the major landmarks in the development of the debate between dialectics and rhetoric will be mentioned, and the basic elements of argumentation theory as well as the most relevant figures of speech will be analyzed. In addition to theoretical notions, practice exercises will coach students to recognize persuasion strategies in the texts, with special regard to the advertising and journalistic ones.

1st part
- Fiorentino, Giuliana, La lingua nella comunicazione. Corso di linguistica generale, Le Monnier Università, Milano-Firenze, 2020 (capp. 1-2, 5-9).

2nd part
- Mortara Garavelli, Bice, Il parlar figurato. Manualetto di figure retoriche, Laterza, Bari-Roma, 2011.
- Lo Cascio, Enzo, Persuadere e convincere oggi. Nuovo manuale dell'argomentazione, Academia, Milano, 2009 (capp. 1-5, 7, 11-12; del cap. 12 solo §§ 12.1, 12.6-12.7).

Competences and skills within the Degree in Communication Studies. An introduction to Linguistics. Linguistics and morphology exercises. Varieties of the English language and an approach to Sociolinguistics.Functional English and the use of language in advertising, magazines, journalism, realia. Discourse Analysis. Functional vocabulary, register, verb patterns, phrasal verbs, linkers, collocations, word formation/word blending, prefixes, suffixes, compounds, roots, polisemy, abstract nouns. Formal Writing and argumentative writing.
At the end of the course the student will be able to produce a text in formal / academic English, a presentation, a formal letter, a text or Discourse analysis. The student will also be able to understand and analyse the use of language in different contexts.

Gramley, Stephan, Vivian Gramley, and Kurt-Michael Pätzold. "A survey of modern English". Routledge.
McLoughlin, Linda. "The language of magazines". London: Routledge.
additional texts and materials provided by the teacher during the course.

The course is organized into two main sections:

Section A - The digital world: A basic introduction. The concepts of information and digitization. Turing machine. Von Neumann machine. Computer. Networks: history, topology, protocols. Introduction to the world wide web and to mark-up languages; Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Strong and weak AI, Turing test, connectionism, neural networks. Internet as global medium and features of online communication.

Section B - Introduction to digital humanities: the definition of DH; forms of digital textuality; Introduction to textual encoding; Basic notions of Digital publishing; Digital tools for school and learning.

Section A is propedeutic to section B.

For Erasmus students and other foreign students wishing to have the final examination in English, the texts listed above can be replaced by (both)
The Digital Humanities: A Primer for Students and Scholars, edited by Eileen Gardner and Ronald G. Musto, CUP 2015
and
Information Literacy for Students, by Michael C. Alewine and Mark Canada, Wiley 2017

The course of ethics and cognitive sciences aims to present and discuss some basic ethical notions, focusing on the contemporary debate and on the relationship between moral philosophy and the cognitive sciences. The course includes two parts. In the first part, we will discuss some key notions in the interdisciplinary ethical debate at the interplay between moral philosophy and the cognitive sciences. Among the themes that will be discussed: free will and moral responsibility, neurolaw, the role of emotions and reasons in moral judgments, social cooperation. In the second part, we will focus on the role of unconscious psychological mechanisms in driving human behaviours.

Written exam, please check "Moodle-Annunci" for info and get in touch with the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1 – M. De Caro, M. Marraffa (2016). Mente e morale. Una piccola introduzione, Luiss University Press
2 – Parts from: G. Gigerenzer (2015). Imparare a rischiare. Come prendere decisioni giuste, Cortina; R.H. Thaler & C. Sunstein, Nudge. La spinta gentile, Feltrinelli

Written exam, please check "Moodle-Annunci" for info and get in touch with the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO DO NOT ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1 – M. De Caro, M. Marraffa (2016). Mente e morale. Una piccola introduzione, Luiss University Press
2 – G. Gigerenzer (2015). Imparare a rischiare. Come prendere decisioni giuste, Cortina (whole text);
3 - R.H. Thaler & C. Sunstein, Nudge. La spinta gentile, Feltrinelli (whole text)

The course aims to explore the history and present of journalistic photography, its role as a 'window on the world' in modern visual culture and in the formation of what can be considered a 'global consciousness'.

The work of the main personalities who have marked the history of photojournalism will be retraced, as well as the relationship between myth and reality of the profession, between the aspiration to objectivity and the compromises of the editorial chain, between denunciation and censorship, from its origins to the present day. From the golden age of magazines to war photography. The current crisis of the profession. The new challenges of information through images to the aestheticisation and decontextualisation of journalistic photography in the digital age.

Elements of knowledge will be provided on the themes of digital manipulation, debunking of 'hoaxes' in the age of fakenews, political storytelling and post-truth, with an emphasis on the ethics of photography, the main codes of ethics, the legal rules for the use of images and copyright.

The workshop will make students measure themselves directly with the analysis of the snapshots of the major photoreporters and the most significant magazines, enabling them to read them also in relation to the era, the economy, the publishing market, figurative art and the history of the mentality of the societies in which they were taken, so as to contribute to consolidating their overall knowledge of the modern and contemporary age.

Dondero, Mario with Giordana, Emanuele. Lo scatto umano. Viaggio nel fotogiornalismo da Budapest a New York. Bari: Laterza, 2017

Sontag, Susan. Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Picador, 2004

Pastoureau, Michel. Dizionario dei colori del nostro tempo. Milan: Ponte alle Grazie, 2018 (it may be replaced by pdf of lectures)

Fadigati, Neri. Il mestiere di vedere. Introduction to photojournalism. Pisa University Press, 2019

Lucas, Uliano and Agliani, Tatiana. La realtà e lo sguardo. Storia del fotogiornalismo in Italia. Turin: Einaudi, 2016

Capa, Robert. Slightly Out of Focus. New York: Modern Library, 2001

Morris, John G. Get the Picture. A personal History of Photojournalism, University of Chicago Press, 2002

Pdf (or notes) of classroom lectures

Title: Free Will, Intentionality, and Habits of Action.
The course aims to provide conceptual and historical tools around the philosophy of action, privileging the analysis of the relationship between free will, determinism, intentionality, daily life and habits of action. The first module is aimed at providing a synthetic framework of theories on free will and intentionality in correlation with contemporary debate. The second module will focus on the specificity of the habitual actions, on which only recently philosophy, also of analytical area, has resumed to deal, in a close dialogue with psychology, sociology and neuroscience. For this purpose, some doctrines will be examined that provide key elements for reflection on the relationship between action, freedom and habits, including Aristotelian and Pragmatist.

For Erasmus Students:
D.U. 1:
M. De Caro, Free Will and Free Rides. ACTA PHILOSOPHICA, 2018, pp. 15-25.
D.M. Wegner, Précis of the illusion of conscious will. Behav Brain Sci. 2004 Oct;27(5):pp. 649-59.

D.U. 2:
B. Pollard, “Habitual Actions”, in T. O’Connor, C. Sandis (ed. by), A Companion to the Philosophy of Action, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 74-81
B. Pollard, “Identification, Psychology, and Habits”, in New Waves in Philosophy of Action, edited by J. Aguilar, A. Buckareff and K. Frankish, 8 New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, pp. 81–97
A. Noë, Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain, and Other Lessons from the Biology of Consciousness. Hill and Wang, 2010 (limited to chap. V).

Alongside an overview of the key elements of contemporary journalism, the programme envisages the formation of working groups dedicated to the three topics on which the workshop focuses most specifically: 1) War; 2) City; 3) Health.

1) Facts and news (definitions, examples); newsworthiness; construction of the news
2) Speed and duration: hard, soft, breaking, slow
3) Multiplication of sources and verification tools, rights and duties of journalists
4) Investigative and reporting journalism (with the participation of journalist Giuliano Battiston)
5) The interview
6) Around and beyond current affairs. Comments, columns, reviews
7) Forms and styles of written journalism: paper and web (with the participation of journalist Matteo Bartocci)
8) Journalism through images: photo, video, instagram
9) Journalism through voice: podcasts, audioseries, radio
10) Collective analysis of group final papers (War)
11) Collective analysis of final group papers (City)
12) Collective analysis of final group papers (Health)

Each student must choose one topic from the three suggested topics and read in full the book indicated for that topic

La guerra:
Nancy Porsia, Mal di Libia. I miei giorni sul fronte del Mediterraneo, Bompiani, 2023.

La città:
Lucia Tozzi, L'invenzione di Milano, Cronopio, 2023.

La salute:
Jessica Mariana Masucci, Il fronte psichico. Inchiesta sulla salute mentale degli italiani, Nottetempo, 2023.

The laboratory will consist of lectures which will also include case studies and classroom exercises

FOR ATTENDING STUDENTS:

- G. Celata, A. Marinelli CONNECTING TELEVISION. TELEVISION IN THE TIME OF THE INTERNET, Guerini Associati, 2012
- A. Bisogno, INVADENT TV. THE REALITY OF VERMICINO PAIN IN AVETRANA, Carocci, 2015
- A. Bisogno, HISTORY ON TV. IMAGE AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY, Carocci, 2011

FOR NON-ATTENDING PEOPLE:
- G. Celata, A. Marinelli CONNECTING TELEVISION. TELEVISION IN THE TIME OF THE INTERNET, Guerini Associati, 2012
- A. Bisogno, INVADENT TV. THE REALITY OF VERMICINO PAIN IN AVETRANA, Carocci, 2015
- A. Bisogno, HISTORY ON TV. IMAGE AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY, Carocci, 2011
- A. Pinotti, A. Somaini VISUAL CULTURE. IMAGES, LOOKS, MEDIA, DEVICES, Einaudi 2016

The course introduces the voices and problems of political thought.
It provides a focus on the different forms of conflict in politics in the history of political thought and in contemporary debates.

- Handouts (ED. 23/24)
- F. Castelli, F. Giardini, F. Raparelli, Conflitti. Filosofia e politica, Le Monnier, 2020
- N. Loraux, The Divided City: On Memory and Forgetting in Ancient Athens, Zone Books, 2002

For those not attending we recommend the reading of F. Giardini, L’alleanza Inquieta. Dimensioni politiche del linguaggio, Le lettere, Firenze 2010.

The course introduces the different forms of social and political relations.
Further focus will concern a specific issue or author.

F. Giardini, L'alleanza inquieta, capp. 1 e 5 (testo reperibile in rete)
F. Giardini, I nomi della crisi, capp. 1, 3, 4 (testo reperibile in rete)
M. Foucault, Sicurezza, territorio, popolazione (Lezioni del 11, 18 e 25 gennaio; 22, 29 marzo e 5 aprile)

The course will analyse the history of radio and television during the 20th century, with reference both to the Italian and the international contexts.
The course will propose a history of radio and television media in which an internal dimension (relating to technologies, broadcasting, programmes, languages, etc.) will be integrated with an external one (relating to the relationship between the mass media and the politics, economy, culture and societies of the various contexts analysed).

The course syllabus consists of the following textbooks:

- Franco Monteleone, Storia della radio e della televisione in Italia. Costume, società e politica, Marsilio, 2005 and later editions (only regarding chapters 1-8, pp. 1-267).

- Irene Piazzoni, Storia delle televisioni in Italia. Dagli esordi alle web tv, Carocci, 2014 (pp. 1-320, the entire volume).

The course will develop in three main segments and will focus on the relationship between the philosophy of art, myth and mythology. The first part will discuss the philosophy of mythology and myth criticism from the perspective of aesthetics, showing their main historical-philosophical trajectories. In the second part, it will address the debate on the new mythology and on the possibility of a mythology of reason. Finally, in the last part, some authors and texts concerning contemporary critique of myth and mythologies will be addressed.

- Diego Lanza, Tempo senza tempo. La riflessione sul mito dal Settecento a oggi, Carocci, Roma 2017.

In addition, students (both attending and non-attending) are required to select two texts from the following:

- J. G. Herder, Iduna o il pomo del ringiovanimento, a cura di M. Latini, postfazione di M. Cometa, ETS, Pisa 2019.

- Hegel (?), Schelling (?), Hölderlin (?), Il più antico programma di sistema dell'idealismo tedesco, introduzione, traduzione e commento di Leonardo Amoroso, ETS, Pisa 2009.

- F. Schlegel, Dialogo sulla poesia, in Athenaeum [1798-1800]. Tutti i fascicoli della rivista di August Wilhelm Schlegel e Friedrich Schlegel, a cura di G. Cusatelli, E. Agazzi e D.
Mazza, postfazione di E. Lio, Bompiani, Milano 2008, pp. 651-694, 781-792.

- R. Barthes, Miti d'oggi, Einaudi, Torino 2016, pp. 191-238.

- P. Lacoue-Labarthe, J.-L. Nancy, Il mito nazi, Il Melangolo, Genova 2013.

- F. Jesi, L’accusa del sangue. La macchina mitologica antisemita, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2007.

The course aims at introducing the key questions of the philosophy and methodology of science, among these the competing theories of scientific explanation, the nature of scientific method, the relation between hypotheses and evidence and the cognitive content of scientific theories in light of their historical change. While the first part of the course will consist in an introduction to these general topics (by using Godfrey-Smith's text), in the second, longer part we will read excerpts of three classics authors of 20th-century philosophy of science, namely Karl Popper, Rudolf Carnap and Carl Hempel. The main problem of the course is the objectivity of scientific knowledge.

Godfrey-Smith P., Theory and Reality Chicago University Press 2021, second Edition
Popper K. Conjectures and Refutations.
Hempel C Philosophy of the Natural Sciences, Prentice Hall, 1966
Carnap R. Philosophical Foundations of Physics 1966

Information theory and coding, elaboration and data structuring.
Introduction to programming languages, in particular the Python language and the NLTK tool

slides and handouts available on the course webpage https://sites.google.com/view/intro-info-rm3/home

The main lines of Italy’s history from Risorgimento to the crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s. The module aims to tackle, with a reading of the long run, the most important issues in the history of Italy from Risorgimento to the crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s. Attention will be devoted to the features of the Italian political system and to the electoral events.

Alberto M. Banti, Il Risorgimento italiano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2004.
Aurelio Lepre e Claudia Petraccone, Storia d'Italia dall'Unità a oggi, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2008.
Guido Formigoni, Storia essenziale dell'Italia Repubblicana, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2021.

First and foremost, the course aims to provide an overview of the main aesthetic categories--from the beautiful to the ugly, from the interesting to the Kitsch, from the sublime to horror and terror--to assess their relevance in contemporary art practices.
In addition to this, it will explore - in general - the conception of the museum between past and present, tradition and innovation.

Francesca Iannelli: Dissonanze contemporanee. Arte e vita in un tempo inconciliato. Quodlibet 2010 (up p. 206).
Krzysztof Pomian: Il museo. Una storia mondiale. Vol. 2: affermazione europea, 1789-1850, only cap. 23: "La Germania", Einaudi 2022, pp. 231-299.
Evelina Christillin, Christian Greco: Le memorie del futuro. Musei e ricerca, Einaudi 2021.
Musei e media digitali, di Nicolette Mandarano, Carocci 2019

The course aims to provide students with a historical-conceptual and methodological introduction to cognitive science. This is the study of the mind through the effort of synthesizing contributions from research fields such as philosophy, artificial intelligence, linguistics, neuroscience, psychology and social sciences. Its intellectual origins date back to the mid-1950s, when researchers from different disciplinary fields began to develop theories of mind based on the notions of representation and computation. Its institutional origins date back to the 1970s, when the Cognitive Science Society was founded and the publication of the journal Cognitive Science began. Since then more than one hundred universities in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia have established cognitive science programs, and many more have established cognitive science courses.

J. Bermudez, Cognitive Science. An Introduction to the Science of the Mind. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2023 (4th edition).

1. General neuroscience principles for understanding self-control and emotions.
- Brain and mind. Between biological evolution, heredity, environment and experience
- The maturation of brain circuits of emotion and voluntary control of behavior
- Attention, working memory, self-control
Exercises:
- How do you feel? Description of affective states and emotional literacy
- The experience of (dis)control of the mind

2. We become what we repeatedly do: the plasticity of the brain and behavior
- How the neuron and neurotransmission work
- Neuroplasticity and learning
- The different types of associative learning
- Construction and fixation of habits and automatisms
Exercises:
- Exploring memory
- Training attention with breathing

3. What is an emotion?
- Emotions as adaptive programs/ Emotions as constructs
- The main theories of emotion
- Human history and the evolutionary mismatch of emotional programs
Exercises:
- Basic meditation
- Remembered wellness and reactivated wellness

4. The regulation of emotions
- Introdutciont to the psychobiology of emotions
- Emotions and language, Recognizing and naming an emotion as implicit emotional regulation
- The different possible strategies of emotional regulation, adaptive/ dysfunctional
- Learning and modification of emotional response styles
Exercises:
- Naming emotions (Strengthening emotional vocabulary)
- Introduction to body scan
- STOP technique - Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Proceed

5. Emotions and stress
- Brief history of the concept of stress, from pathophysiology, to the cognitive dimension of emotions
- The mechanisms of stress
- The impact of chronic stress on the brain and cognitive and executive functions
Exercises:
- Measuring perceived stress
- Relaxation training
- Gratitude journal


6. Cognitive training and contemplative practices. Mindfulness-based practices: scientific evidence and general introduction
- What is Mindfulness
- Risks and consequences of chronic distraction and mind wandering
- Mind wandering and negative mood
- Mindfulness and emotion regulation
- Mindfulness and neuroplasticity
Exercises:
- Basic Mindfulness Meditation
- Meditation in motion


7. Voluntary control of behavior: how it works, how it discharges, how it is enhanced
- The neural basis of self-control
- Attention and self-control
- Self-control and ego depletion (Ego depletion)
Exercises:
- Self-affirmation;
- Implementation of intentions


8. Voluntary control of behavior: how to enhance it
- Self-control can be trained and enhanced
- Physical exercise as a form of training self-control
- Ego depletion, Mindfulness and other exercises to train the "muscle" of self-control
Exercises:
- Basic Mindfulness Meditation
- Mindfulness meditation on emotions

9. Prosocial behaviors, cognitive empathy
- Prosocial behaviors, executive functions and self-control
- Prosocial behaviors, health and psychological well-being
- What is empathy 1: Cognitive empathy and brain correlates
Exercises:
- The Reflective Listening Technique;
- Cultivating loving kindness


10. Prosocial behaviors, affective empathy and compassion
- What is affective empathy and its brain correlates
- Empathy as an embodied simulation of others' emotions
- Neuroplasticity and the prosocial brain
Exercises:
- Compassion meditation
- Feeling connected

Stefano Canali, Regolare le emozioni. Teorie e metodi per lo sviluppo e il potenziamento dell’autocontrollo. Carocci, Roma, 2021

The course develops methodological skills in order to undertake research in the field of communication studies and social sciences. The first part of the course will examine the methodological framework for the study of culture and communication. The main stages and strategies of the field research, with particular emphasis on the ethnographic method, will be explored during the second part.

Wendy Griswold (2009), Un framework metodologico per lo studio della cultura, in M. Santoro, R. Sassatellin(a cura di), Studiare la cultura. Nuove prospettive sociologiche, Il Mulino, Bologna, pp. 253-285
Giampietro Gobo (2001), Descrivere il mondo. Teoria e pratica del metodo etnografico in sociologia, Carocci, Roma

Travelling, seeing, XXth Century and Beyond

a-b) two among next texts (or combinations of texts):

Carlo Emilio Gadda, Verso la Certosa, Milano, Adelphi, 2013 + I viaggi la morte, Milano, Adelphi, 2023; or

Guido Piovene, Viaggio in Italia, Milano, Bompiani, 2017; or

Pier Paolo Pasolini, La lunga strada di sabbia, Roma, Contrasto, 2014 + Id., L’odore dell’India, Milano, Garzanti, 2015; oppure

Giorgio Manganelli, Esperimento con l’India, Milano, Adelphi, 1992 + Id., La favola pitagorica, Milano, Adelphi, 2005 + Id., L’isola pianeta, Milano, Adelphi, 2006; oppure

Goffredo Parise, Guerre politiche, Milano, Adelphi, 2007 + Id., L’eleganza è frigida, Milano, Adelphi, 2008 + Id., Lontano, Milano, Adelphi, 2015; oppure

Alberto Arbasino, America amore, Milano, Adelphi, 2011; oppure

Gianni Celati, Narratori delle pianure, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2018 + Id., Verso la foce, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2018 + Id., Avventure in Africa, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2011; oppure

Vitaliano Trevisan, Tristissimi giardini, Bari-Roma, Laterza, 2010 [or Id., Black Tulips, Torino, Einaudi Stile Libero 2022] + Antonella Anedda, Geografie, Milano, Garzanti, 2020 + Con gli occhi aperti, a cura di Andrea Cortellessa, Roma, Exòrma, 2016

c) Luigi Marfè, Oltre la «fine dei viaggi». I resoconti dell’altrove nella letteratura contemporanea, Firenze, Olschki 2009

d) to give a context in 20th and 21st century italian literary history:
Giulio Ferroni, Storia della letteratura italiana, quarto volume: Il Novecento e il nuovo millennio, Milano, Mondadori Università, 2012

The course outlines the formation and development of the main capitalistic economies both in Europe and out of Europe between 19th and 20th centuries.

I. The first and second industrial revolution
- The preconditions for capitalist development in modern Eastern Atlantic, Centuries 17-18th.
- Expanded commercial agricultural revolution and industrial revolution in Britain in the eighteenth century.
- The process of capitalist concentration in the nineteenth century and the second industrial revolution.
II. Economic development in the 20th century
- Industry, trade networks, financial markets on the eve of the First World War.
- The economic cycles in the post-war period
- The crisis of 1929 and national policies in the '30s.

Attending students:

Michel Beaud, A History of Capitalism, 1500-2000, Monthly Review Press, New York 2002.

plus a further book:

Fernand Braudel, Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism, Johns Hopkins Univiversity Press, Baltimora 1979.

The course consists of a series of meetings dedicated to issues and authors arising from the constellation of feminisms.
It includes lectures, workshop activities and writing sessions (individual and collective).

*An introductory text to be choosen between
- F. Castelli, R. Carocci, Femminismi. Idee, movimenti, conflitti, Novadelphi, 2021
- A. Curcio (a cura di), Introduzione ai Femminismi. Genere, razza, classe, riproduzione: dal marxismo al queer, DeriveApprodi 2021

* The handouts and bibliography related to the author/lecture chosen for the focus


(A detailed bibliography for the workshop meetings will be shared in January)

The seminar addresses issues related to the territory and the city. The story of cardinal concepts such as cities, communities, habitats, nature, territory, landscapes, and projects will be presented, discussed and updated, from different perspectives: philosophy, art, political theory, sociology, history, geography, architecture, law, economics, political ecology, communication.

A selection of readings will be suggested.

The first part gives an overview on the concepts of gender and sexuality, with particular regard to the social constructivist approaches, queer studies and intersectional feminism perspective. The course aims to provide students with the methodological tools to analyse communication practices in various media (whether digital or not) from a gendered perspective. The second part is dedicated to lab activities and seminar with academic experts, students will be able to analyse different media materials and devices on the basis of what they have learnt during the first part of the course.

- D. Richardson (2015), Conceptualising Gender, in V. Robinson & D. Richardson (eds), Gender and Women’s Studies, Palgrave, pp. 3-22
- A. L. Tota (2008), Inquinamento visuale e sostenibilità dell'immaginario in A. L. Tota (a cura di), Gender e media. Verso un immaginario sostenibile, Meltemi, Milano, first chapter, pp. 15-38.
- Manuale di A.L. Tota, A. De Feo, L. Luchetti, forthcoming (more information will be given)
- S. Capecchi (2014), Methodological problems in gender and media research, Qual Quant, 48, pp. 837–844

Within a unifying evolutionary theoretical framework, the course deals with the leading topics related to the cognitive and neural underpinnings of important human faculties, providing an up-to-date overview on the state of the art and the mainlines of investigation. The course begins with an overview of ideas leading to evolutionary theory, its developments and the related key notions and mechanisms of evolution, also clearing misunderstandings related to this theory. The second part of the course will focus on the application of the evolutionary theory to psychology, through the analysis of the scientific developments of evolutionary psychology and the explanations provided to account for the development and functioning of relevant human faculties.
Overall, to explore the main adaptive functions of our minds and behavior, the course will be organized into the following contents:

- What evolution is (and isn’t)
- Key concepts of evolutionary theory (e.g., adaptation, variation, natural selection, sexual selection)
- Evolutionary steps of the origin of modern humans
- Evolutionary psychology: principles, methods of investigation, applications
- Modularity, learning and culture
- Evolutionary accounts of cooperation, conflict, emotions, language, mental illness

Pievani T. (2006). La teoria dell’evoluzione. Attualità di una rivoluzione scientifica. Il Mulino, Bologna.

Bruni D. (2017). Psicologia evoluzionistica. Dal cervello del Pleistocene alla mente moderna. Carocci editore, Roma.

The course deals with the in-depth study of the main theoretical models used for the sociological analysis of the advertising. The first part of the course aims to provide students the analytical tools necessary for analyzing the advertisements and the relationship with their target (with a special focus on the possible kinds of miscommunication that can occur at different levels). The second part of the course aims to point out the social values that an advertisement can help to convey and/or to establish in the public discourse of a certain nation or geographic area - with a specific focus on those values that from an ethical point of view may be considered more problematic for a society, as they are potentially discriminatory and detrimental of human dignity (such as racism, sexism, pollution and the systematic destruction of natural resources and the environment, the violation of human rights, speciesism, etc.). The third part of the course will analyse the deep and various transformations taking place in this field due to the influence of social media. In addition, a further specific focus will be on culture jamming and other forms of cultural resistance (such as anti-brand movements, boycotts, etc.).

One to be chosen among the following programmes:

PROGRAMME 1)
a) Tota A.L, De Feo A., Luchetti L. (2023), Inquinamento visuale. Manifesto contro il razzismo e il sessismo delle immagini, Milano, Mondadori.
b) Moreover, the following readings:

1. Barthes, Roland (1964). Rhetoric of the Image. Image‐Music‐Text (Translation 1977). S. Heath ed., London: Fontana, pp. 32‐51.
2. Merskin, Debra (2004). Reviving Lolita? A Media Literacy Examination of Sexual Portrayals of Girls in Fashion Advertising, in “American Behavioral Scientist”. Vol. 48, pp. 119‐128.
3. Kress, Gunther and van Leeuwen, Theo (1996). Modality: Designing Models of Reality. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge, pp. 154‐174.
4. Danesi, Marcel (2013). Semiotizing a product into a brand, in “Social Semiotics”, 23:4, pp. 464-476.
5. Lekakis, J. Eleftheria (2017). Culture jamming and Brandalism for the environment: The logic of appropriation, in “Popular Communication”, 15:4, pp. 311-327.

PROGRAMME 2)
a) Tota A.L, De Feo A., Luchetti L. (2023), Inquinamento visuale. Manifesto contro il razzismo e il sessismo delle immagini, Milano, Mondadori.
b) Moreover, the following readings:

1. Barthes, Roland (1964, ed. it. 1985), Retorica dell’immagine, in L’ovvio e l’ottuso. Saggi critici III, Torino, Einaudi, pp. 22-61.
2. Capecchi, Saveria (2011). Il corpo erotizzato delle donne negli spot pubblicitari, in POLIS, XXV, 3, pp. 393-417.
3. Danesi, Marcel (2009), Brands. Il mondo delle marche (only chapter 3 “L’immagine di marca”), Roma, Carocci, pp. 49-86.
4. Kopytoff, Igor (2005). La biografia culturale degli oggetti: la mercificazione come processo, in E. Mora (a cura di), Gli attrezzi per vivere. Forme della produzione culturale tra industria e vita quotidiana, Vita e Pensiero, Milano, pp. 77-111.
5. Packard, Vance (1957, ediz. it. 2015), I persuasori occulti (only chapters 2, 3, 4 e 5), Torino, Einaudi, pp. 12-53.

Please, note: Students who have included Gender and Media in their curriculum should study, instead of “Inquinamento visuale. Manifesto contro il razzismo e il sessismo delle immagini”, the book: Barthes R. (1957, ed. it. 2016), “Miti d’oggi”, Torino, Einaudi.

The main topics discussed in the philosophy of biology will be presented, in particular: adaptationism, reductionism, determinism, the relationship between biology and learning, the evolutionary functions of traits considered distinctive to human beings, such as mentalisation, imitation, language, the principles of evolutionary theory, sociobiology and evolutionary psychology.
It will also be discussed whether and how the study of these topics requires an interdisciplinary dialogue between philosophy and biology.

Borghini, A., & Casetta, E. (2013). Filosofia della biologia (pp. 1-308). Carocci.
Jablonka, E., Lamb, M. J., & Zeligowski, A. (2007). L'evoluzione in quattro dimensioni: variazione genetica, epigenetica, comportamentale e simbolica nella storia della vita. Utet.
Tramacere, A. (2022). Introduzione alle psicologie evoluzionistiche. L'origine della mente umana tra scienza e filosofia (pp. 1-168). Clueb.

This course provides an introduction to:
(1) the role played by reasoning in rational interaction (discussions, exchanges of theses), in the solution of problems of logic and mathematics, and the consequence of a lack of adequate reasoning procedures in these areas;
(2) rational argumentation and the logical structure underlying valid arguments;
(3) a rigorous approach to deductive reasoning, based on the formal tools provided by propositional and quantified (deductive) logic.
The course also wishes to alert participants of the consequences of a lack of a rational course in the context of mass communication, information society, and online interaction, while developing the ability to correctly apply the basic rules of reasoning that are distinctive of deductive reasoning.

The course will apply, as far as possible, a `bottom-up' approach: from reasoning problems, to the tools required to solve them, to the theories in which such tools are defined, understood, and discussed. The course is divided into two modules:

Module A: It will approach and discuss the definition of an argument and of a good argument, the role played by arguments in our reactions to disagreement and in rational discussions, and the rational strategies for reacting to disagreement. It will then focus on deductive reasoning and on propositional logic in particular. In this context the course will introduce and discuss the basic rules of reasoning of propositional logic and it will discuss the notion of derivability, introduce the procedures for building a formal language, it will explore the semantics of propositional logic, the notions of logical consequence and validity, and the possible connections between derivability, logical consequence, and validity.

Module B: It will introduce the notion of a system of rules and that of an axiomatics system, together with the notions of soundness and completeness, and it will then focus on natural deduction and its soundness and completeness with respect to the semantics of classical propositional logic. It will then present basic facts, notions, and definitions of set theory, which are indispensable when it comes to an understanding of quantified logic. After that, the course will focus on quantified logic, by explaining the way in which quantified logic 'reads' predicates and quantifiers (expressions like 'Every' and 'Some'), it will introduce basic rules for reasoning with the quantifiers, and it will introduce the semantics of quantified logic. The course will then discuss soundness and completeness of natural deduction for quantified classical logic with respect to the semantics of quantified classical logic. Russell paradox will also be introduced and discussed.

The achievement of 12 CFU requires presenting the program of both modules; achievement of 6 CFU requires presenting the program of one of the two modules only.

Textbook:
Francesco Berto. Logica. Da zero a Gödel, Laterza, Roma 2008.

Institutional part on the general history of the sciences of the mind:
I) History of science and history of psychology 1. Why study the history of the sciences of the mind 2. Historiography of science: continuism and scientific revolutions 3. Normal science and paradigms 4. Historiography of psychology and neuroscience
II) The long philosophical past 1. The first psychological problems 2. The psychology of classical thought 3. Psychology from classical thought to Christianity 4. From the Arabs to the Renaissance 5. The change in the conception of man with Humanism and renaissance 6. Descartes 7. Rationalism and empiricism 8. From Descartes to the "idéologues" 9. The Kantian Interdiction
III) The birth of experimental psychology: from Helmholtz to Wundt 1. The birth of experimental psychology 2. Helmholtz: specific nervous energy and unconscious inference 3. The phenomenological innatism of Ewald Hering 4. Wilhelm Wundt and physiological psychology 5. Titchener and North American structuralism
IV) The reaction to Wundt in Europe and America 1. Brentano and the Brentanians 5. American functionalism, between evolutionism and pragmatism
V) The psychology of Gestalt 1. The beginnings 2. The laws of Gestalt 3. Isomorphism 4. The field model 5. Rise and diaspora
VI) The psychodynamic perspective and psychoanalysis 1. Introduction 2. From the organic conception to the psychodynamic conception of mental illness 3. Janet's theory 4. Psychoanalysis from Freud to the 50s 5. Jung's theory 6. Adler's theory 7. Themes of psychoanalysis of the late twentieth century and new themes 8. Phenomenological psychiatry 9. Personality theories 10. Integrated models between health and pathology of the mind
VII) The behaviorist perspective I. Introduction 2. American psychology at the beginning of the century: structuralism and functionalism 3. Behaviorism from Watson to the 50s 4. Skinner and the behaviorist utopia 5. Operationism in psychology 6. Personality, psychopathology and social learning in the behaviorist perspective
VIII) The cognitive perspective 1. Introduction 2. The study of cognitive processes: from the Würzburg school to Bartlett 3. The theories of intelligence 4. Theories of psychic development 5. Piaget's theory 6. Probabilistic and ecological theories of mental processes 7. Cognitivism 8. Cognitive science
IX) The historical-cultural perspective 1. Introduction 3. The historical-cultural theory of the mind from Vygotsky to the 60s 4. The theory of activity 5. Social constructionism. Cultural psychology
X) The biological and neuroscientific perspective 1. Introduction 2. Animal and comparative psychology. Ethology 3. Research on brain functions at the beginning of the twentieth century 4. Bechterev's reflexology 5. Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity 6. Holistic theories of the functioning of the mind and brain in the early twentieth century 7. The neuroconnectionism of Hebb 8. Research on brain function and behavior: 1950-70 9. The theory of brain functional systems of Lurija 10. Cognitive, affective and social neuroscience.
XI) The contemporary debate 1. Crisis of theories or crisis of psychology 2. Empirical verification in psychology 3. Psychology of common sense and alternative psychology 4. The primacy of neuroscience 5. The discomfort of psychotherapy 6. Psychology and contemporary society.

monograph part:
Mind, nature and emotions. History of philosophical and scientific thought on emotions
1) The concept of passion from ancient philosophy to empiricist thought
2) The invention of the modern psychological category of emotion
3) Early biological conceptions of emotions: evolutionism and Darwin
4) Somatic theories of emotions
5) Emotions in the psychodynamic perspective and psychoanalysis
6) The neurobiology of emotions
7) Emotions and disease, history of psychosomatics
8) Modulating emotions: history of psychopharmacology and neurotechnology for emotions

Luccio R. (2013). Storia della psicologia: un’introduzione. Roma- Bari: Laterza (capitoli: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 paragrafi 5.1 e 5.5; 6).
Mecacci L. (2019). Storia della psicologia dal Novecento a oggi. Roma- Bari: Laterza (capitoli: 3; 4; 5; 6 paragrafi 1,3,4,5; 7; 8).