Desire and need: a pathway in contemporary philosophy.
The course aims to question Freud's assumption that society is established by the repression of desire and its conversion into need.

S. Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents [any edition].
H. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud [any edition]
G. Deleuze-F. Guattari, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia [any edition] [Chapters 1 and 2]
M. Fisher, Postcapitalist Desire. The Final Lectures, Repeater [Lectures One and Two]

The developement of Croce's Aesthetics from 1893 to 1913

B. Croce, Estetica come scienza dell'espressione e linguistica generale, Milano, Adelphi o Bari, Laterza (solo la Parte Teorica)
B. Croce, La storia ridotta sotto il concetto generale dell'arte, Milano, Adelphi
B. Croce, Breviario di estetica, Milano, Adelphi
P. D'Angelo Benedetto Croce. La biografia 1866-1918, Bologna, Il Mulino

Epidemiology of Beliefs: How Ideas Spread
Emotions and transmissions of ideas
Memetics
Cultural evolution
Psychology of fake news
Consiracy beliefs and their cognitive foundations
Rhetoric: from Aristotle to modern theories
Persuasion and storytelling
Cognitive foundations of storytelling
Case studies: scientific communication, marketing, advertising, political communication.

Mandatory book:

- Piazza F. (2004) Linguaggio, persuasione e verità. La retorica del Novecento, Carocci, Roma.

1 book among:
- Arielli E., Bottazzini P. (2018) Idee virali. Perché i pensieri si diffondono. Il Mulino, Bologna.
- Brotherton R. (2015) Menti sospettose. Perché siamo tutti complottisti. Bollati Boringhieri, Torino.
- Gottschall J. (2021) Il lato oscuro delle storie. Come lo storytelling cementa le società e talvolta le distrugge. Bollati Boringhieri, Torino.

2 a articles among:

- Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. (2013). Narrative persuasion. In “The Sage handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice”, 2, pp. 200-219.
[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3a57/4d2e8dc561c54549e9f9ba854d81769e79e7.pdf]

- Bilandzic, H., Kinnebrock, S., & Klingler, M. (2020). The emotional effects of science narratives: A theoretical framework. Media and Communication, 8(1), 151-163.
[https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/download/2602/2602]

- Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2021). The psychology of fake news. Trends in cognitive sciences.
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661321000516]

Title: Habits and Customs between Reproduction and Transformation
The course aims at presenting one of the main nodes of the Philosophies of Habit, that is the reflection on the relationship between crisis and modification of individual and social habits at the heart of several philosophical reflections on habit from modernity onwards, with particular attention to the development that this theme assumes especially from the 19th century, at the crossroads between philosophy, psychology and social sciences. The first didactic unit (3 CFU) will be devoted to an overview of philosophical theories on habits and customs, from antiquity onwards, with particular attention to the twentieth-century theories of Dewey and Bourdieu. The second didactic unit (3 CFU) will focus on the relationship between crisis and interruption of habits, starting from the analysis of some texts of the late nineteenth century (Dumont, Peirce), and extending the attention to traumatic historical-social events such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Erasmus Students' Programme:
1.Clare Carlisle, On Habit, London, Routledge, 2014.
2. Dromelet, C. & Piazza, M. (2022). Habit and Custom in the History of Early Modern Philosophy. In D. Jalobeanu & Ch. Wolfe (eds.), Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences (789-797). Cham: Springer.
3. Charles Sanders Peirce, The Fixation of Belief. Popular Science Monthly 12 (1):1877-1878, pp. 1-15.
4. Charles S. Peirce, How to make our ideas clear, Popular Science Monthly 12 (1): 1877-1878, pp. 286-302.
5. William James, The Laws of habit, Popular Science Monthly, 30, 1887, pp. 433-451.
6. Corinna Guerra, Marco Piazza (eds.), Disruption of Habits during the Global Pandemic, Milan, Mimesis International, 2022 (a selection of almost five chapters).

Sofia Vanni Rovighi's interpretation of Thomas Aquinas.

Tommaso d’Aquino, La conoscenza di Dio, Fabbri Editori-RCS, Milano, 2001.
M. Paolinelli, Note sulla "neoscolastica" di Sofia Vanni Rovighi, in "Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica", 1-3 (2009), pp. 285-309.
S. Vanni Rovighi, Introduzione a Tommaso d'Aquino, Editori Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1981.
S. Vanni Rovighi, Elementi di Filosofia, Editrice La Scuola, Brescia, 1964, V. II.
S. Vanni Rovighi, Elementi di Filosofia, Editrice La Scuola, Brescia, 1964, V. III, pp. 157-185.
S. Vanni Rovighi, Il problema teologico come filosofia, EUPRESS, Varese, 2004.

Uncertainty and trust: anthropology, society, economics

We live in a world dominated by uncertainty. While technologies enable increasingly efficient predictive analyses, economic crises, pandemics and wars continually destabilise certainties and expectations, social security and the professional position of individuals, rights and institutions. These increasingly recurring events elude simple risk calculation and display a radical uncertainty against which predictive analyses do not work. An anthropological issue as well as an epistemological one: radical uncertainty is reduced or mastered, in social and economic systems, through trust. But what, precisely, is trust? And how can it be achieved? We will see, finally, that trust, one of the most valuable political resources, is destabilised by the very mechanisms that should foster it.

Bauman Z., Certezza incerta e L’economia politica dell’incertezza in La solitudine del cittadino globale (1999), pp. 32-38 e pp. 172-176.
Keynes J. M., Teoria generale dell’occupazione, dell’interesse e della moneta (1936), capitolo 12, pp. 333-350 (anche su Moodle in PDF).
Keynes J. M., Teoria generale dell'occupazione (1937), scaricabile in PDF su Moodle.
Luhmann N., La fiducia (1968), capitoli IV, VII (anche su Moodle in PDF).
Simmel G., Filosofia del denaro (1900), pp. 151-156 (anche su Moodle in PDF).
Simmel G., Il segreto e le società segrete in Sociologia (1908), capitolo V, pp. 291-304 (anche su Moodle in PDF).
Simmel G., L’auto-conservazione del gruppo sociale, Excursus sulla fedeltà e sulla gratitudine in Sociologia (1908), capitolo VIII, pp. 498-503 (anche su Moodle in PDF).
Wittgenstein L., Della Certezza, § 61-65; § 94-99; § 105-115; § 139-141; § 150-152; § 159-163; § 204 e 205; § 247-257; § 336; § 341-344; § 356-359; § 471-473; § 476; § 498-511; § 559; § 611 e 612.

Synthetic reasoning between sense and concept

The course aims to investigate the theory of gesture understood as a dynamic and continuous process of synthesis between sense and concept. In particular, starting from an analysis of the notion of synthetic judgment, the theory of transcendental schematism and mathematical and geometrical synthesis in Kant, we will then move on to analyze the metaphysical and mathematical question of the infinite and continuum in Georg Cantor and Charles S. Peirce. Finally, a proposal of mathematical gesture as a cognitive process will be explored.

The program syllabus will unfold as follows:
- Analysis of the Kantian distinction between synthetic and analytic judgments
- Analysis of Transcendental Schematism and the Kantian idea of the construction of mathematical and geometrical synthesis
- Proposal of an interpretative hypothesis of transcendental schematism as an active and dynamic synthesis of sense and concept through gesture
- Examination of Peirce's proposal of a logic of continuity
- Comparison of Cantor's and Peirce's conceptions of continuum
- Proposal of a hypothesis on mathematical gesture as a cognitive process

- I. Kant, “Introduction” and “On the schematism of pure concepts of understanding”, in Critique of the Pure Reason, Cambridge University Press 1998.
- C. S. Peirce, “Detached Ideas continued and the Dispute between Nominalists and Realists", in The New Elements of Mathematics (NEM), edited by C. Eisele, Mouton Publishers 1976, 4: 331-346.
- E Ferrario, “Il transfinito e i suoi simboli”, in G. Cantor, La filosofia dell’infinito. Scritti scelti (1884-1888), Mimesis 2021, pp. 9-32.
- G. Maddalena, The Philosophy of Gesture, McGill Queens Univ 2015.
- G. Longo, "Gestualità umana nelle prove e l'incompletezza del formalismo", in Matematica e senso, Mimesis 2021, pp. 127-163.
- G. Baggio, Transcendental schematism and Quasi-transcendental semiotics. A working hypothesi. In S.P.̈. Krzysztof Piotr Skowronski (a cura di), Kant and Pragmatism, Nordic Pragmatism Network, 2019, pp. 77-97.

Recommended Texts

- G. Cantor, “Comunicazioni per la dottrina del transfinito (§§ 1-7)”, in La filosofia dell’infinito. Scritti scelti (1884-1888), Mimesis 2021, pp. 45-82.
- F. Zalamea, Peirce’s Continuum. A Methodological and Mathematical Approach.
- G. Maddalena, Metafisica per assurdo. Peirce e i problemi dell’epistemologia contemporanea, Rubbettino 2009, pp.127-223.
- F. La Mantia, C. Alunni, F. Zalamea (eds.), Diagrams and Gestures. Mathematics, Philosophy, and Linguistics, Springer 2023
- D.F. Wallace, Everything and More. A Compact History of Infinity, W. W. Norton & Company 2003

The course will present and discuss some fundamental questions of contemporary moral philosophy. The course is divided into four parts, respectively focusing on themes in (1) moral psychology (investigating how people make moral decisions and judgments); (2) ethics (investigating what ought to be done from a moral point of view); applied ethics (investigating how general moral principles ought to be applied to specific areas of practical life); (4) metaethics (investigating the nature and meaning of moral belies and values).
Among the themes that will be discussed: free will and moral responsibility, moral luck, objectivism and relativism of morals, normativity, end of life issues. The goal of the course is that students learn to easily navigate the contemporary debate in moral philosophy, gaining an in-depth knowledge of some of its most important topics and methods.

Written exam, please check "Moodle-Annunci" for info and get in touch with the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1. J. Wolff (2020), An Introduction to Moral Philosophy, W. W. Norton & Company (only the parts indicated by the instructor)
2. H. Frankfurt (1969), "Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility", The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 23 (Dec. 4, 1969), pp. 829-839
https://doi.org/10.2307/2023833
3. T. Nagel (1979), "Moral luck", available in Nagel, Thomas, 1979, Mortal Questions, New York: Cambridge University Press
4. P. Foot, "The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect" in Virtues and Vices (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978) (originally appeared in the Oxford Review, Number 5, 1967.)

Written exam, please check "Moodle-Annunci" for info and get in touch with the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO DO NOT ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1. J. Wolff (2020), An Introduction to Moral Philosophy, W. W. Norton & Company.
2. H. Frankfurt (1969), "Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility", The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 23 (Dec. 4, 1969), pp. 829-839
3. T. Nagel (1979), "Moral luck", available in Nagel, Thomas, 1979, Mortal Questions, New York: Cambridge University Press
4. P. Foot, "The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect" in Virtues and Vices (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978) (originally appeared in the Oxford Review, Number 5, 1967.)

Being in dust. The disappearance of objects and the empire of consumption

The aim of the course is to highlight the convergence between some important diagnoses of our present in terms of the dissolution of objects and the hegemony of consumption.

J. Baudrillard, Lo scambio simbolico e la morte, Feltrinelli, Milano 2002.
J. Baudrillard, La società dei consumi, Il Mulino, Milano 2010.
J. Baudrillard, All'ombra delle maggioranze silenziose, Mimesis, Milano 2019.
Z. Bauman, Consumo, dunque sono, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2007.
A. Appadurai, La vita sociale delle cose, Meltemi, Milano 2021 (parti scelte).
E. Fornari, Cybercapitalismo. Fine del legame sociale?, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2023.

The course deals especially with a series of texts directly or indirectly linked to the theme of philosophical or aesthetic education in Western philosophy of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – from Kant, Hegel and Nietzsche to Arendt, Lyotard and Danto – in order to compare them with the particular attitude of conceiving philosophy as a way of life in China and Japan. The theoretical texts will be accompanied by eight films that problematize some great questions about education, existence and freedom of thought.

a)
- I. Kant: Che cosa significa orientarsi nel pensiero? Mimesis, Milano 2015.
- G.W.F. Hegel: La Scuola. Discorsi e relazioni, Norimberga 1808-1816, Ed. Riuniti, Roma 1993, pp. 43-98.

b)
- F. Nietzsche: Schopenhauer come educatore, Adelphi, Milano 1985.
- H. Arendt, Socrate, Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2015.

c)
- J. F. Lyotard, Pourquoi philosopher? Presses Universitaires de France 2015
- A.C. Danto: "The Artworld," Journal of Philosophy 61 (1964), 571-584.

d)
- F. Jullien, De l'Être au vivre, Lexique euro-chinois de la pensée, Gallimard, 2015, (students may choose three chapters)
- D. Richie, A Tractate on Japanese Aesthetics, Stone Bridge Press, 2007.

Students (whether attending or not) should choose one text from each session (a, b, c, d) for a total of four texts. In addition, the attending students will have to choose one of the following texts (both compulsory for the non attending students):


E. Morin, Enseigner à vivre. Manifeste pour changer l'éducation, Actes Sud Editions, 2014.

or

M.C. Nussbaum: Cultivating Humanity. A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education. Harvard University Press 1998.


The following films will be shown in the classroom, followed by a debate and accompanied by a critical reflection questionnaire (which must also be watched by non-attendants):

Interstellar (2014) by Christopher Nolan
Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle (1974) by Werner Herzog
A torinói ló (2011) by Béla Tarr and Ágnes Hranitzky
Hannah Arendt (2013) by Margarethe von Trotta
The Tree of Life (2011) by Terrence Malick
The square (2017) by Ruben Östlund
Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise (2002) by Dai Sijie
An (2015) by Naomi Kawase

The teaching program will focus on the relationship between law and morals. After an introductory part aimed at presenting the basic terms of this classic theme, some of its most relevant aspects will be explored through the analysis of the following areas of legal philosophy reflection:
I. Theory of values (equality, freedom)
II. Rights theory (structure, classification, justification and interpretation of individual rights)
III. Philosophy of criminal law (theory of crime)
IV. Legal paternalism (relationship between dignity and autonomy of the individual).

Introductory part:
- H.L.A. Hart, Il positivismo e la separazione fra diritto e morale, in Il positivismo giuridico contemporaneo. Una antologia, (eds.) A. Schiavello, V. Velluzzi, Giappichelli, Torino, 2005, pp. 48-89;
- G. Pino, Diritto e morale, in Che cosa è il diritto. Ontologie e concezioni del giuridico, (eds.) G. Bongiovanni, G. Pino, C. Roversi, Giappichelli, Torino, 2016, pp. 3-30.
Part I:
- L. Ferrajoli, L’eguaglianza e i suoi nemici, in Teoria e pratica dell’eguaglianza. Prospettive di analisi critica, a cura di F. Mastromartino, L’Asino d’oro Edizioni, Roma, 2018, pp. 197-223.
Part II:
- G. Pino, Il costituzionalismo dei diritti. Struttura e limiti del costituzionalismo contemporaneo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2017, capp. III (La grammatica dei diritti), pp. 141-163.
Part III:
- L. Ferrajoli, Quando proibire?, in Id., Il paradigma garantista. Filosofia e critica del diritto penale, 2a ed., Editoriale scientifica, Napoli, 2016, parte seconda, cap. II, pp. 91-108; P. Tincani, In difesa del principio del danno, in N. Riva (ed.), L'antipaternalismo liberale e la sfida della vulnerabilità, Carocci, Roma, 2020, pp. 13-32.
Per la parte IV:
- M. Sandel, Quello che i soldi non possono comprare. I limiti morali del mercato, Feltrinelli, Milano, 2012, Introduzione (Mercati e morale) e cap. 3 (Come i mercati allontanano la morale), rispettivamente pp. 11-22 e pp. 95-130.
- F. Mastromartino, Esiste un diritto generale all'obiezione di coscienza, in "Diritto e questioni pubbliche", 1, 2018, pp. 159-181.

the politics of technology

Philosophy of technology is a relatively recent discipline that deals with relationships between Technology, knowledge and society.
The course wants to answer to the following questions:
What is technology?
Is it possible to think about science without a reflexion on technology in the present technoscientific environment?
Which are the relationships between society and technology?
Which are the relevant changes introduced by technology in living styles?
Is it possible to consider technology as neutral and value and ideology free?
Technology has a relevant and permanent influence on science and on knowledge building in general but also on the definition of society and its working assets. Technical artefacts produce changes on society and are influenced by social choices, political constraints and economical investments.
In this course we will discuss the importance of philosophy of technology for philosophy itself, if we accept the idea that philosophy is a research for understanding and for acting on present. If we accept this perspective we cannot ignore the importance of technology.
Technology is created according to projects, objectives and standards on which society has no direct control, but technical objects have relevant consequences on the functioning of social practices including the epistemological ones.
Technology is a normative discipine (different from science). Its object is not the study of how things are in the world. it imposes an organization on the world in order for its devices to work correctly. It proposes and orders a regulation for society and it is in need that society imposes a regulation on its implementation: not all that it is feasible technically it is allowed.

Parini E. G. e Pellegrino G.(eds) (2009) S come scienza T come tecnica e riflessione sociologica, Liguori Ed., Milano, pp. 120-264.
Stiegler B.(2019) La società automatica, Mimesis, Milano.
Lovink G. (2022) Stuck on the platform: Reclaiming the internet, VAliz, London.

Travelling, seeing, Manganelli

Travelling, seeing, Manganelli
a) Giorgio Manganelli, Esperimento con l’India, Milano, Adelphi, 1992 + Id., La favola pitagorica,
Milano, Adelphi, 2005 + Id., L’isola pianeta, Milano, Adelphi, 2006 + Viaggio in Africa, Adelphi
2018
b) Giorgio Manganelli, La morte come luce. Scritti sulle arti, Adelphi 2023
c) Lietta Manganelli, Giorgio Manganelli. Aspettando che l’inferno cominci a funzionare, La nave di Teseo 2022
d) Andrea Cortellessa, Il libro è altrove. Ventisei piccole monografie su Giorgio Manganelli, Luca Sossella 2020 and/or Andrea Cortellessa, Filologia fantastica. Ipotizzare, Manganelli, Argolibri 2022
e) to give a context in 20th and 21st century italian literary history: Giulio Ferroni, Storia della letteratura italiana, quarto volume: Il Novecento e il nuovo millennio, Milano, Mondadori Università, 2012

The course will present and discuss basic notions of neuroethics, an interdisciplinary research fields at the interplay between moral philosophy, moral psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. In particular, the course will focus on the topic of moral cognition, investigating the basis of moral reasoning, motivation, choice, and judgment.

Students will acquire:
- Capacity to read an analyze texts
- Capacity to navigate the contemporary debate on the bases and mechanisms of moral cognition
- Capacity to orally present and defend theses

Written exam - please, consult "Moodle-Annunci" or contact the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1 – A. Lavazza, V. Sironi (eds.), 2022, Neuroetica, Carocci (selected parts);
2 – M. Tomasello (2016) Storia naturale della morale umana, Raffaello Cortina Editore;
3 – Booklet including short excerpts from various texts, including: F. Nietzsche (2017) Genealogia della morale, Adelphi; A. Damasio (1995) L’errore di Cartesio, Adelphi.

Written exam - please, consult "Moodle-Annunci" or contact the instructor in case of doubts
FOR STUDENTS WHO DO NOT ATTEND THE COURSE, THE PROGRAM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
1 – A. Lavazza, V. Sironi (eds.), 2022, Neuroetica, Carocci (whole text);
2 – M. Tomasello (2016) Storia naturale della morale umana, Raffaello Cortina Editore;
3 – Booklet including short excerpts from various texts, including: F. Nietzsche (2017) Genealogia della morale, Adelphi; A. Damasio (1995) L’errore di Cartesio, Adelphi.

Presentation of the essential notions of the typology, such as the relationship between typology and universals, the notion of 'type' at the various levels of analysis, and the relationship of typology with sociolinguistics, language teaching, areal and genetic comparison. Deepening of the mechanisms and explanations of linguistic change, also from the typological perspective. Special reflection on the concepts of grammaticalization and reanalysis. Case study on the diachronic typology of the perfect.

Grandi, N., 2003, Fondamenti di tipologia linguistica, Roma, Carocci.
Napoli, M., 2019, Linguistica diacronica, Roma Carocci.

The course asks about the prospects and problems of the project of a 'cognitive neuropsychiatry' or 'clinical cognitive neuroscience'. The first part of the module examines some specific cases of interaction between psychiatry and cognitive science. In the second part, attachment theory, as a psychodynamic tradition with an ethological, cognitive and evolutionary framework, is taken as a framework within which classic psychoanalytic themes such as emotion regulation, defenses, trauma and dissociation are reexamined.

J.Y. Tsou, Philosophy of Psychiatry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2022.
D. Murphy, Psychiatry in the Scientific Image, MIT Press, Cambrige (MA) 2012.

Definition of Communication. In-depth study and research on the psychological processes (cognitive, affective, relational) of communication in all of its modalities: verbal and body (words and sentences, prosody and intonation, gestures, facial expression, gaze, touch, posture, proxemics, music), and technological media. Analysis of sincere and deceptive, cooperative and aggressive communication, and its uses in interpersonal interaction, at work, in education, politics, entertainment.
Emotions: definition, biological and social functions, types, regulation, expression and communication. Basic emotions, image, cognitive, social, moral emotions. Their relationships with interpersonal interaction and relations, on the job, in teaching and learning, politics, art, music, entertainment.

Teaching material for the course “Psychology of Emotions and Multimodal Communication”, 6 Credits
The items to be studied for the oral exam are the following:

A. D’Urso V. e Trentin R.: Introduzione alla psicologia delle emozioni. Laterza, Bari 2006.
B. Either choice B1 or choice B2

Choice B1.
Poggi I.: Psicologia della comunicazione. La mente, il corpo, gli altri. Milano, Mondadori 2022.


Choice B2.
Poggi I.: Psicologia della comunicazione. La mente, il corpo, gli altri. Milano, Mondadori 2022:
chapters not to read: 1 – 4, 7-8, 13-14, 23, 38.
Poggi I.: Parlare con gli occhi. Lo sguardo come forma di comunicazione. Carocci, Roma 2023.


For those who take the course “Psychology of Emotions and Multimodal Communication” 12 Credits
The items to be studied for the oral exam are the following:
A. D’Urso V. e Trentin R.: Introduzione alla psicologia delle emozioni. Laterza, Bari 2006.
B. Poggi I. (a cura di): La mente del cuore. Armando, Roma 2008.
C. Poggi I.: Psicologia della comunicazione. La mente, il corpo, gli altri. Mondadori, Milano 2022.
D. A text or set of text, chosen from the following items:

1. Poggi I.: Parlare con gli occhi. Lo sguardo come forma di comunicazione. Carocci, Roma 2023.
2. Nobile L. e Lombardi Vallauri E. : Onomatopea e fonosimbolismo. Carocci, Roma 2020.
3. Bonini T. e Perrotta M.: Che cos’è un podcast. Carocci, Roma 2023.
4. Castelfranchi C.: Che figura. Emozioni e immagine sociale. Il Mulino, Bologna 2005.
5. Nussbaum, M.: L’intelligenza delle emozioni. Il Mulino, Bologna 2013.
6. Matarazzo O. e Zammuner V. (a cura di): La regolazione delle emozioni. Il Mulino, Bologna 2012.
7. Ledoux J.: Il cervello emotivo. Baldini e Castoldi, Milano 2005.
8. Damasio A.R.: Emozione e coscienza. Adelphi, Milano 2010.
9. Miceli M. e Castelfranchi C.: Expectancy and Emotion. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013.
10. D’Amico A.: Intelligenza emotiva e metaemotiva. Il Mulino, Bologna. 2018.
11. Palvarini P.: Le emozioni che rendono forti. Il lavoro con le emozioni in psicoterapia. Alpes Italia.
12. Bazzanella C.: Linguistica cognitiva. Un’introduzione. Laterza, Bari 2014.
13. Levorato M.C.: Le emozioni della lettura. Mulino, Bologna, 1999.
14. Gallese V. e Guerra M.: Lo schermo empatico. Cinema e neuroscienze. Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2015.
15. Boulez P., Changeux J.P. e Manoury P.: I neuroni magici. Musica e cervello. Carocci, Roma 2016.
16. Mado Proverbio A.: Neuroscienze cognitive della musica. Il cervello musicale tra arte e scienza. Bologna, Zanichelli 2019
17. Caruana F. e Viola M.: Come funzionano le emozioni. Bologna, Il Mulino.
18. Cavalieri R. e Chiricò D.: Parlare, segnare. Introduzione alla fisiologia e alla patologia delle lingue verbali e dei segni. Bologna, Il Mulino.
19. Benedetti F.: L’effetto placebo. Breve viaggio tra mente e corpo. Roma, Carocci 2018.
20. Viale R.: Oltre il nudge. Libertà di scelta, felicità e comportamento. Bologna, Il Mulino.
21. Mortara Garavelli B. Il parlar figurato. Manualetto di figure retoriche. Bari, Laterza.
22. Bambini V. Il cervello pragmatico. Roma, Carocci.
23. Nobile L. e Lombardi Vallauri E.: Onomatopea e fonosimbolismo. Roma, Carocci.
24. Ferrari M e Paladino P.: L'apprendimento della lingua straniera. Roma, Carocci.

25. The following pair of books:
Arielli E. e Bottazzini P.: Idee virali. Perché i pensieri si diffondono. Bologna, Il Mulino.
+
Riva G.: I social network. Bologna, Il Mulino

26. The following pair of books:
Cavazza N.: Pettegolezzi e reputazione. Bologna, Il Mulino.
+
Riva G.: Fake news: vivere e sopravvivere in un mondo post-verità. Bologna, Il Mulino

27. 4 papers on emotions to download from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isabella_Poggi

28. 4 papers on multimodal communication to download from the following link
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isabella_Poggi


Teaching material for those who have to give the following exam: “Psychology of Emotions”, 6 Credits
The items to be studied for the oral exam are the following:

A. D’Urso V. e Trentin R.: Introduzione alla psicologia delle emozioni. Laterza, Bari 2006.
B. Poggi I. (a cura di): La mente del cuore. Roma, Armando 2008.
C. One text or a set of texts, chosen among the following items:

1. Castelfranchi C.: Che figura. Emozioni e immagine sociale. Il Mulino, Bologna 2005.
2. Nussbaum, M.: L’intelligenza delle emozioni. Il Mulino, Bologna 2013.
3. Matarazzo O. e Zammuner V. (a cura di): La regolazione delle emozioni. Il Mulino, Bologna 2012.
4. Ledoux J.: Il cervello emotivo. Baldini e Castoldi, Milano 2005.
5. Damasio A.R.: Emozione e coscienza. Adelphi, Milano 2010.
6. Miceli M. e Castelfranchi C.: Expectancy and Emotion. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013.
7. D’Amico A.: Intelligenza emotiva e metaemotiva. Il Mulino, Bologna. 2018.
8. Palvarini P.: Le emozioni che rendono forti. Il lavoro con le emozioni in psicoterapia. Alpes Italia.
9. Levorato M.C.: Le emozioni della lettura. Mulino, Bologna, 1999.
10. Gallese V. e Guerra M.: Lo schermo empatico. Cinema e neuroscienze. Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2015.
11. Boulez P., Changeux J.P. e Manoury P.: I neuroni magici. Musica e cervello. Carocci, Roma 2016.
12. Mado Proverbio A.: Neuroscienze cognitive della musica. Il cervello musicale tra arte e scienza. Bologna, Zanichelli 2019

13. 4 papers on emotions, to be downloaded from the following link:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isabella_Poggi


Teaching material for those who have to give the following exam: “Psychology of Multimodal Communication”, 6 Credits
The items to be studied for the oral exam are the following:


A. Poggi I.: Psicologia della comunicazione. La mente, il corpo, gli altri. Milano, Mondadori 2022.
B. One text or set of texts, chosen within the following items:

1. Poggi I.: Parlare con gli occhi. Lo sguardo come forma di comunicazione. Carocci, Roma 2023.
2. Nobile L. e Lombardi Vallauri E. : Onomatopea e fonosimbolismo. Carocci, Roma 2020.
3. Bonini T. e Perrotta M.: Che cos’è un podcast. Carocci, Roma 2023.
4. Bazzanella C.: Linguistica cognitiva. Un’introduzione. Laterza, Bari 2014.
5. Gallese V. e Guerra M.: Lo schermo empatico. Cinema e neuroscienze. Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2015.
6. Boulez P., Changeux J.P. e Manoury P.: I neuroni magici. Musica e cervello. Carocci, Roma 2016.
7. Cavalieri R. e Chiricò D.: Parlare, segnare. Introduzione alla fisiologia e alla patologia delle lingue verbali e dei segni. Bologna, Il Mulino.
8. Benedetti F.: L’effetto placebo. Breve viaggio tra mente e corpo. Roma, Carocci 2018.
9. Viale R.: Oltre il nudge. Libertà di scelta, felicità e comportamento.
10. Bologna, Il Mulino. Mortara Garavelli B. Il parlar figurato. Manualetto di figure retoriche. Bari, Laterza.
11. Bambini V. Il cervello pragmatico. Roma, Carocci.
12. Ferrari M. e Paladino P.: L'apprendimento della lingua straniera. Roma, Carocci.

13. The following pair of books:

a. Arielli E. e Bottazzini P.: Idee virali. Perché i pensieri si diffondono. Bologna, Il Mulino.
b. Riva G.: I social network. Bologna, Il Mulino

14. The following pair of books:
a. Cavazza N.: Pettegolezzi e reputazione. Bologna, Il Mulino.
b. Riva G.: Fake news: vivere e sopravvivere in un mondo post-verità. Bologna, Il Mulino

15. 4 articles on multimodal communication among the following, to be downloaded here:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isabella_Poggi

This is seminar-experiential corse with a direct and active participation of students (i.e., participatory learning/learning by doing). Specifically, the course is structured in two different parts and around two macro-themes:
1) Intersubjectivity and psychic functioning (how the mind is structured, how it works, what are the subject-society interconnections according within a psychoanalytic perspective)
2) Centrality of emotional-affective aspects.
Contemporary psychoanalytic papers will be read and discussed in class as a stimulus for critical and reflective thinking. Issues addressed in each will be explored, enriching them with additional theoretical knowledge and empirical case-studies. Students will be involved and stimulated within a climate designed to raise and satisfy their questions and curiosities.
The course benefits from international contributions mutated by an interdisciplinary dialogue with phenomenological philosophy. In second part, 3 foreign faculty members will be invited to share their knowledge and perspective.
Susi Ferrarello (California State University) will focus on love in relation to some dilemmas that may arise in daily life. This lecture will present cases of philosophical counseling and rehearse practical exercises in the classroom.
Valeria Bizzarri (Husserl Archives Leuven, Katholieke University) will address the topic of sociality through intercorporeality of emotions and shared intentionality
Francesca Brencio (University of Siville) will explore affectivity through the lens of pre-reflexivity, highlightening the role of corporeality and kinetic dimensions in emotional modulation

Refernces will be provided in classes and in Teams

Nel corso di Epistemologia e Comunicazione saranno presentati alcuni strumenti teorici dell’epistemologia classica, quali la logica formale e le fallacie logiche, e dell’epistemologia sociale, quali le nozioni di vigilanza epistemica e ingiustizia epistemica. Saranno quindi discussi alcuni aspetti dell’organizzazione sociale della scienza e della sua comunicazione, quali le norme sociali che la regolano e la revisione tra pari. L’ultima parte del corso, di carattere seminariale, sarà dedicata alla lettura e commento di articoli su un tema di cogente attualità relativo all’epistemologia del digitale: lo statuto epistemologico delle immagini manipolate o generate tramite tecnologie di deepfake, e le sfide etiche che esse pongono.

Core textbook:
1. Boem, F. (2021). Forme dell'argomentare e del ragionare. Le Monnier Università.

Two between:
1. Massimiano Bucchi (2002). Scienza e società: introduzione alla sociologia della scienza. Il Mulino.
2. Marco Fasoli (2019), Il benessere digitale. Il Mulino.
3. Fabio Paglieri (2020), La disinformazione felice: cosa ci insegnano le bufale. Il Mulino.
4. Emiliano Loria, Cristina Meini, Stefano Iacone (2023), Cuori complottisti. Rosenberg & Sellier.
5. Papers provided by the teacher during claasses (3 papers = 1 book).

Structure and functions of the nervous system - Methods of investigation;
Neural correlates of emotional, cognitive and social processes: Objects and faces recognition, Memory and learning, Emotions, Cognitive control, Action - Mirror neurons, Empathy, Social cognition - Theory of Mind; Design and construction of an experimental task, electroencephalographic data (EEG) recording and analysis, exercises and discussion of scientific projects and papers.

Gazzaniga, Ivry & Mangun (2015). Neuroscienze Cognitive. Zanichelli (Capp. 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13);
Scientific papers

The course will consist in:

i) An overview of the historical and conceptual development of physics since Aristotle;
ii) An introduction to the fundamental elements of classical physics (Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism) and contemporary physics (special and general relativity, quantum mechanics);
iii) A detailed discussion of the philosophical issues connected to quantum mechanics.

R. March, Physics for Poets, McGraw-Hill.
G. Ghirardi, Sneaking a Look at God's Cards, Princeton University Press, chapters 1-11, 15-16; or L.M. Lederman and C.T. Hill, Quantum Physics for Poets, Prometheus Books, chapters 1-7, 9 and the Appendix.
L. Sklar, Philosophy of Physics, Oxford University Press.

The course focuses on the relationship between language and narrative from a cognitive and evolutionary point of view. In contrast to the theories considering the sentence as the essence of language, the course suggests an interpretative hypothesis based on the priority of discourse over sentence; specifically, it is suggested that the ability to tell stories is the distinctive trait both of language and human nature.
The course includes experimental activities aimed at supporting the theoretical model proposed.

programma da 12 cfu

- Corballis M. (2020), La verità sul linguaggio, Carocci, Roma.
- Scott-Phillips (2017) Dì quello che hai in mente. Le origini della comunicazione umana, Carocci, Roma
- Ferretti F. (2022), L'istinto persuasivo. Carocci, Roma

This course aims at giving the students the basic concepts of applied ethics and the relation between ethics and communication (with a specific interest in film communication).

The goal of the course is that the students understand these fundamental issues of moral philosophy. At the end of the course, the students will be able to understand the essential features of these discussions.

1. M. De Caro, M.F. Magni, M.S. Vaccarezza, Le sfide dell'etica (capp. 11-18)
2. M. De Caro, E. Terrone, I valori al cinema, Mondadori
3. Article: https://download.kataweb.it/mediaweb/pdf/espresso/scienze/1990_259_1.pdf
4. Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-0, 9-00345-y

The students who will attend the course and participate in the pre-exam will have to study a reduced (and slightly different) program

For the students of the Minor Course in "Intelligenza Artificiale: nuove tecnologie, etica e competenze giuridiche" the program is the following:
1. M. De Caro, M.F. Magni, M.S. Vaccarezza, Le sfide dell'etica (chs. 11, 12, 13, 15, 16)
2. Article: https://corsidilaurea.uniroma1.it/sites/default/files/searle_1980_menti_cervelli_e_programmi.pdf
3. Article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13347-019-00345-y

Aristotle's Metaphysics Book 4:
1: The science of being
2: The principles of contradiction and of the excluded middle
3: Dialectic and philosophy

[a] Aristotele, Metafisica, con testo originale a fronte, Traduzione, introduzione e note di Enrico Berti, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2017, pp. 127-183.
Aristotle, Metaphysics: Books Γ, Δ, and Ε, Translated with Notes by Christopher Kirwan, Oxford 1998, pp. 76-121 (Metaphysics Book Gamma: Notes).

Michael W. Wedin, “The Science and Axioms of Being”, in G. Anagnostopoulos, A Companion to Aristotle, Blackwell, Oxford 2009, pp. 125-143.

Cohen, S. Marc and C. D. C. Reeve, "Aristotle’s Metaphysics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/

Gottlieb, Paula, "Aristotle on Non-contradiction", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/aristotle-noncontradiction/

[b] Students are required to prepare a paper (3.000 words ca.) on one of the topics listed below:

i: Being and Existence

Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen, “Aristotle on the Snares of Ontology”, in R. Bambrough (ed.), New Essays on Plato and Aristotle, London-New York 2013 (1965), pp. 69-95.
Stephen Menn, “Aristotle on the Many Senses of Being”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 59 (2021), pp. 187–263.

ii: Metaphysics and Logic

Alan Code, “Aristotle’s investigation of a basic logical principle”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16 (1986), pp. 341–358.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§§ 1-3)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 1 (2007), pp. 123-169.
Walter Cavini, "Principia contradictionis. Sui principi aristotelici della contraddizione (§ 4)", Antiquorum Philosophia, 2 (2008), pp. 159-187.

During the course, we will read parts of Hobbes' "De Cive" and "Leviathan," and parts of Spinoza's "Theological-Political Treatise" and "Ethics." The reading will focus on the respective theories of passions and virtues, in particular on the "vital" root of the passions, the relationship of continuity or discontinuity between the passions most clearly related to self-preservation and those related to the pursuit of recognition, the ability of these passions to act as a vector not only of disorder and conflict, but also of self-control and cooperation, and the conflict and possible synergy of the imaginative and rational dimensions. Through this reading, an attempt will be made to test the opposition between the two thinkers widely disseminated in the specialist literature and no less widely received in historiography, as welle as the evolution of both systems, and the influence of one on the other.

Selected passages from the following works will be commented on:
1) Thomas Hobbes, De cive (Editori Riuniti)
2) Baruch Spinoza, Trattato teologico-politico (Bompiani, Einaudi o Bibliopolis)
3) Thomas Hobbes, Leviatano, (Laterza o Bompiani)
4) Baruch Spinoza, Etica (Editori Riuniti o Bompiani).

The course aims to show the relationship between activity and passivity of consciousness analyzing the concepts of perception, affectivity, unconscious, interest, association in Husserl.

Edmund Husserl, Lessons on Passive Synthesis, La Scuola, 2016.
Edmund Husserl, Phenomenology of the Unconscious, Udine, Mimesis 2021

Judeophobia in the Roman Empire

The course is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the ways in which
the Roman world was confronted with the Jewish culture and religion in the
first three centuries of the Empire.

G. Geraci-A. Marcone, Storia romana (editio maior), Le Monnier, Firenze 2017
A. Angius- P. Arena- A. Marcone- Fonti per la storia romana. Economia, cultura, società, Carocci, Roma, 2023.
Giulio Firpo, Le rivolte giudaiche, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2023
P. Schäfer- Giudeofobia: L'antisemitismo nel mondo antico, Carocci, Roma 2011
A. Marcone- Vespasiano, Salerno, Roma 2024

Virgil’s Bucolics. In the course a literary setting of the book of the Eclogues will be offered toghether with a reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical shape and form (models, metrics, style).

- Publio Virgilio Marone, Le Bucoliche. Introduzione e commento di A. Cucchiarelli. Traduzione di A. Traina, ed. Carocci.

- Futher bibliography will be given at the beginning of the course.

This course aims to contribute to a better understanding of liberal internationalism and its impact on processes of economic geopolitics.

Alfred E. Eckes, Thomas W. Zeiler Globalization and the American Century, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003.
Dani Rodrik, The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy, W. W. Norton & Company, New York 2011

The course will focus in the Mediterranean space between the 19th and 20th centuries.

F. Benigno, entry "Il Mediterraneo", in Enciclopedia Treccani, Il XXI secolo, 2009 (available at the following link: https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/il-mediterraneo_%28XXI-Secolo%29/)

D. Abulafia, The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean, Oxford UP, 2013 (part five only)

D. Casanova, F. Canale Cama e R. M. Delli Quadri, Storia del Mediterraneo moderno e contemporaneo, Guida Editore, 2017 (only chapters from VI to XI, pp. 185-449)

E. Ivetic, Il Mediterraneo e l’Italia. Dal mare nostrum alla centralità comprimaria, Rubbettino, 2022

Through a critical-thinking approach, the course analyzes the emergence of capitalism in the medieval age up to contemporary society by covering the main forms of capitalism (merchant, industrial and financial) and the thought of Smith, Marx, Weber, Schumpeter, Keynes and Hayek.

Attending students:

Michel Beaud, A History of Capitalism, 1500-2000, Monthly Review Press, New York 2002.

plus a further book:

Fernand Braudel, Afterthoughts on Material Civilization and Capitalism, Johns Hopkins Univiversity Press, Baltimora 1979.

Institutional part on the general history of behavioral sciences, and neuroscience:
I) History of science and history of psychology 1. Why study the history of the sciences of the mind 2. Historiography of science: continuism and scientific revolutions 3. Normal science and paradigms 4. Historiography of psychology and neuroscience
II) Prehistory of the Behavioral Sciences: 1. Mind and behavior in ancient philosophy; 2. Early scientific conceptions of behavior from the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution 3. From Descartes to the "idéologues" 9. Theories of mind and behavior in empiricism; 4. The advent of the biological perspective of theories of behavior: evolutionism.
III) The birth of experimental psychology: from Helmholtz to Wundt 1. The birth of experimental psychology 2. Helmholtz: specific nervous energy and unconscious inference 3. The phenomenological innatism of Ewald Hering 4. Wilhelm Wundt and physiological psychology 5. Titchener and North American structuralism
IV) American functionalism, between evolutionism and pragmatism
V) Psychodynamic perspective and psychoanalysis 1. Introduction 2. From organicistic to psychodynamic conception of mental illness 3. Janet's theory 4. Psychoanalysis from Freud to the 1950s 5. Jung's theory 6. Adler's theory 7. Psychoanalysis themes of the second twentieth century and new themes 8. Phenomenological psychiatry 9. Theories of personality 10. Integrated models between health and pathology of the mind
VI) The behaviorist perspective I. Introduction 2. American psychology at the beginning of the century: structuralism and functionalism 3. Behaviorism from Watson to the 50s 4. Skinner and the behaviorist utopia 5. Operationism in psychology 6. Personality, psychopathology and social learning in the behaviorist perspective
VII) The cognitive perspective 1. Introduction 2. The study of cognitive processes: from the Würzburg school to Bartlett 3. The theories of intelligence 4. Theories of psychic development 5. Piaget's theory 6. Probabilistic and ecological theories of mental processes 7. Cognitivism 8. Cognitive science
VIII) The biological and neuroscientific perspective 1. Introduction 2. Animal and comparative psychology. Ethology 3. Research on brain functions at the beginning of the twentieth century 4. Bechterev's reflexology 5. Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity 6. Holistic theories of the functioning of the mind and brain in the early twentieth century 7. The neuroconnectionism of Hebb 8. Research on brain function and behavior: 1950-70 9. The theory of brain functional systems of Lurija 10. Cognitive, affective and social neuroscience.
IX) The contemporary debate 1. Crisis of theories or crisis of psychology 2. Empirical verification in psychology 3. Psychology of common sense and alternative psychology 4. The primacy of neuroscience 5. The discomfort of psychotherapy 6. Psychology and contemporary society.

Monographic Part
The monographic part of the program this year aims to critically illustrate the history of the contribution of behavioral sciences and neuroscience to the understanding of pathological addictions

Mecacci L. (2019). Storia della psicologia dal Novecento a oggi. Roma- Bari: Laterza (capitoli: 4; 5; 7; 8).
Stefano Canali, Cosa sono le dipendenze, Carocci, in corso di stampa

for the monographic part:
teacher's handouts

This is a seminar-experiential coruse involving the direct and active participation of students (i.e., participatory learning/learning by doing). Specifically, the main psychoanalytic theories (i.e. Freudian, object relations, contemporary psychoanalysis) will be explored within the course, describing their historical evolution. A path describing how the conception of the mind has changed over the years in psychoanalysis will be traced: from a unipersonal/intrapsychic view within a positivistic paradigm, to the current intersubjective perspective in which the mind arise as a construction from social interactions.
Chapters from the reference textbook will be read and critically commented together in class, highlighting points of convergence and divergence between the different theoretical perspectives presented. Moreover, they will be enriched with clinical exemplifications brought by the professor, along with further theoretical insights. Different ways in which mental suffering, psychopathology and therapeutic treatment could be declined will also be explored.
Italian and foreign guests will be invited to enrich the theoretical-clinical reflection. This year will feature Dr. Vineet Gairola (India), who will address the topic of truth in psychoanalysis, describing its role for psychic structuring in Wilfred Bion’s thinkinig.

Articles provided during classes.

Never as in recent years has Europe been at the centre of public debate: for some it is the only lifeline against nationalism and wars, for others it is the ultimate cause of all our problems and malaises, especially economic ones. The invasion of Ukraine by Vladimir Putin's Russia in February 2022 has then relaunched in the public discourse, in addition to the classic themes of war and peace, also that of the extension to the East of the concept of Europe, which possesses an extraordinary historical depth that goes well beyond the community institutions that have emerged since the Second World War and whose knowledge in the long diachrony is an unavoidable necessity in order to correctly place the events of our continent in the framework of world history. In the first part of the course, the focus will be on the development of the notion of Europe, thoughts on Europe and European consciousness in the long term. In the second part, the events of the migrations within the continent that originated in the early modern period for religious reasons will be explored in depth: voluntary or forced, in any case the result of the process of confessionalisation and exclusion of religious diversity, and which contributed to shaping the relationship between tolerance and intolerance in the Christian West.

First section: 'History of Europe: ideas, perspectives, reflections' (6 ECTS)

Reference books:

Lucien Febvre, L’Europa. Storia di una civiltà, Roma, Donzelli.
Federico Chabod, Storia dell’Idea d’Europa, Roma-Bari, Laterza.
Additional book for students who will not attend the lessons: Egidio Ivetic, Studiare la storia del Mediterraneo, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2024

The preparation for the first part will be complemented by some essays that will be made available in PDF format in the course's Team, and their study is mandatory.

Second section: "The Europe of exoduses and migrations 'religionis causa'".

Reference books:

Nicholas Terpstra, Purezza e fede. Esuli religiosi nell’Europa moderna, Bologna, Il Mulino.
Bruno Pomara Saverino, Rifugiati. I moriscos e l'Italia, Firenze, Firenze University Press, scaricabile gratuitamente dal sito: https://www.fupress.com/catalogo/rifugiati/3516

Those who only need to take 6 ECTS are required to study the first teaching unit.
IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY STARTING FROM JUNE-JULY 2024, EXCLUSIVELY.

The course focuses on language pathologies, with particular attention to the deficits related to the discursive communication. Among the cases discusses, there are the communicative deficits characterizing pathologies such as autism, schizophrenia, and traumatic brain injury. In such cases, as well as in many neuropsychological and psychopathological disorders, the communicative impairments mainly concern the level of discourse and depend on deficits that primarily involve the cognitive dimension, rather than the linguistic one. Thus, the study of discourse disorders is particularly useful to investigate a more general question that is extremely relevant from a theoretical point of view: the relationships between language and cognition.

1 Book + 2 articles:

Adornetti I. (2018) Patologie del linguaggio e della comunicazione. Carocci, Roma

(articolo 1) Adornetti I., Chiera A., Altavilla D., Deriu V., Marini A., Gobbo M., Valeri G., Magni R., Ferretti F. (2023). Defining the Characteristics of Story Production of Autistic Children: A Multilevel Analysis. «Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders»

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-023-06096-2

(articolo 2) Galbraith, N. (2021). Delusions and Pathologies of Belief: Making Sense of Conspiracy Beliefs via the Psychosis Continuum. In Cardella V., Gangemi A. (a cura di) Psychopathology and Philosophy of Mind: What Mental Disorders Can Tell Us About Our Minds (pp. 117-144). Routledge.




(Libro) 1) Adornetti I. (2018) Patologie del linguaggio e della comunicazione. Carocci, Roma

Mythologies of the Enlightement. Furio Jesi reader of Gershom Scholem.
We will analize the reading of Furio Jesi of Scholem's Studies on Cabbala and the major trends of jewish Mysticism.

FurioJesi, Secret Germany, Seagull
Gershom Scholem, "Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism", Schoken (Random House), New York 1995.

The course will address the role of philosophy in its relationship with art, beginning with the idea of philosophy proposed by Deleuze and Guattari.

G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, Che cos'è la filosofia?, Einaudi, Torino.
D. Angelucci, Là fuori. La filosofia e il reale, Ombre Corte, Verona, 2023.
Un testo a scelta tra:
G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, Kafka. Per una letteratura minore, Quodlibet, Macerata.
G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, Rizoma, in Mille piani. Capitalismo e schizofrenia, Orthotes, Salerno.

Mind and consciousness in humans and animals: contemporary debates and their roots

1) T. Nagel, "How is it like to be a bat?", "Philosophical Review", Vol. 83, No. 4. (Oct., 1974), pp. 435-450
2) P. Godfrey-Smith, Metazoa. Animal Life and the Birth of the Mind, Farrar Straus Giroux, New York 2020
3) D. Jamieson, What do Animals Think? In: Robert W. Lurz (ed.), The Philosophy of Animal Minds. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15-34 (2009)
4) P. Pecere, Soul, Mind and Brain from Descartes to Cognitive Science. A Critical History, Springer, Cham 2020

Over the past few years, philosophy of science has become increasingly "local," shifting its focus from the general characteristics of scientific practice to the theories, methods and problems of scientific disciplines. The philosophies of psychology, neuroscience and cognitive science arise from this greater delimitation.
The mind that psychologists and neuroscientists are concerned with today is the child of the cognitivist revolution and is therefore defined as a set of information-processing processes carried out in the brains of complex organisms. What makes the cognitivist investigation of the mind peculiar is its being suspended between two worlds: on the one hand, the ordinary image of ourselves as persons, that is, as subjects of conscious experiences, intentional states and deliberate action; on the other hand, the subpersonal sphere of brain events, the subject of neuroscience. This course aims to introduce the reader to the cognitivist study of the mind, but always against the background of the philosophical effort to shed light on the relationships that link these different ways in which we describe ourselves.

A. Kind, Philosophy of Mind: The Basics. Routledge, London 2020.
W. Bechtel and Linus Ta-Lun Huang, Philosophy of Neuroscience, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2022.

Introduction to the theory of relativity and its philosophical consequences

Einstein. Relativity the Special and General Theory (Classic Reprint): A Popular Exposition, 2016.
D. Mermin It's about time, Princeton University Press, The first six chapters.
Mazur J. Zeno's paradox. Penguin, 2007.

Course Title
ONTOLOGY OF ART
This course aims to familiarize students with various philosophical inquiries regarding the ontology of art. We will examine a range of ontological theories of art, including Platonism, nominalism, and idealism, among others. The course will explore questions such as: What defines the nature of works in different art forms? How are artworks related to the physical material used to create them? What impact do restoration and conservation have on artworks? How do we distinguish between a copy and an original?

Selected essays:

Goodman, N., Languages of Art, Indianapolis, The Bobbs Merrill Company 1968.
Lamarque, P. Work and Object, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2010.
Christy Mag Uidhir (ed.), Art and Abstract Objects, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012.
Pouivet, Roger, 2000, L’ontologie de l’œuvre d’art, Nîmes: J. Chambon; 2nd edition,Vrin, Paris 2010.

The teaching program will focus on the relationship between conflicting values and fundamental principles. After an introductory section, aimed at presenting the fundamental terms of bioethics and biolaw, some of the most relevant and today's most discussed issues will be explored in depth, through constant reference to practical and case law cases:
I. Dignity and autonomy between bioethics and the market (surrogacy, prostitution)
II. Dignity and self-determination (end-of-life choices and informed consent)
III. Conscientious objection

Introductory section:
- P. Borsellino, Bioetica tra “morali” e diritto, Raffaello Cortina, Milano, 2018, cap. 1 (La bioetica. Problemi, sviluppi, prospettive), con esclusione del par. 9: pp. 21-57; M. Reichlin, Fondamenti di bioetica, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2021: cap. 2 (Tipi di etiche normative: pp. 29-47); cap. 8 (Il diritto alle cure e l'allocazione delle risorse sanitarie), escludendo il par. 8.3; e cap. 9 (Il potenziamento delle capacità umane), limitato al solo par. 9.1.
.

Thematic sections:
I
- L. Ferrajoli, Dignità e libertà, in Dignità e autonomia tra bioetica e mercato, a cura di F. Mastromartino, G. Pino, in “Rivista di filosofia del diritto”, 1, 2019, pp. 23-32; O. Giolo, Il giusfemminismo e le sfide del neoliberismo. A proposito di soggetti, libertà e diritti, in Teorie critiche del diritto, a cura di M.G. Bernardini, O. Giolo, Pacini, Firenze, 2017, pp. 207-230; F. Poggi, Dignità e autonomia: disaccordi semantici e conflitti di valore in Dignità e autonomia tra bioetica e mercato, a cura di F. Mastromartino, G. Pino, in “Rivista di filosofia del diritto”, 1, 2019, pp. 33-50; Sandel, Quello che i soldi non possono comprare. I limiti morali del mercato, Feltrinelli, Milano, 2012, Introduzione (Mercati e morale) e cap. 3 (Come i mercati allontanano la morale), rispettivamente pp. 11-22 e pp. 95-130

II
- L. d’Avack, Il dominio delle biotecnologie, cap. II (Scelte di fine vita e consenso informato), Giappichelli, Torino, 2018: pp. 69-159 (ma tenendo presente Riferimenti normativi e carte internazionali)

III
- F. Mastromartino, Esiste un diritto generale all’obiezione di coscienza?, in “Diritto e questioni pubbliche”, 1, 2018, pp. 159-181.

Files of the course exam texts, except for L. d'Avack's volume will be uploaded to the e-learning platform.

STUDENTS WHO DO NOT ATTEND THE COURSE LECTURES ARE REQUIRED TO SUPPLEMENT THE PROGRAM BY STUDYING THE FOLLOWING TEXTS:
- A. Facchi, O. Giolo, Libera scelta e libera condizione, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2020.
- F. Mastromartino, Due concetti di dignità per due concetti di autonomia?, in “Diritto e questioni pubbliche”, 1, 2021, pp. 239-263.

Sequent Calculus Proofs
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Natural Deduction

Sequent Calculus for Classical Logic (LK) and Intuitionistic Logic (LJ)

Cut elimination for LK and LJ sequent proofs

Sequent calculus for Linear Logic(LL)

Cut Elimination Theorem for LL

Focusing Theorem for LL proofs

Proof Nets
*************************************
(proof-structures, correctness, normalization, adequacy, sequentialization, focusing, complexity)

Pure Multiplicative Proof Nets

Multiplicative and Additive Proof Nets

Multiplicative and Exponenial Proof Nets

Handbooks, papers, NOTES AND SLIDES AVAILABLE ON THE COURSE WEB PAGE
https://sites.google.com/view/lm510/

The class will focus on the notions of soul, intellect, and body in medieval and late medieval thought, and particularly on the discontinuity/continuity with the Cartesian mind-body dualism. The course will address the accounts of Thomas Aquinas, Sigier of Brabant, Duns Scotus, and Francisco Suárez, whose views and doctrines will be analyzed in light of their metaphysical/theological premises and analyzing their texts.

Selected texts by Thomas Aquinas, Siger of Brabant, Duns Scotus and Francisco Suárez
• S. Guidi, L’angelo e la macchina. Sulla genesi della res cogitans cartesiana, FrancoAngeli, Milano 2018 (just chapters 1-2, pp. 41-214).
• M. Lenzi, Alberto e Tommaso sullo statuto dell’anima umana, «Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge», 74 (2007), pp. 27-58.
• Ch. Bazán, The Human Soul: Form and Substance? Thomas Aquinas’ Critique of Eclectic Aristotelianism, «Archives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Age», 64 (1997), pp. 95-126.
• R. Cross, Philosophy of Mind, in Th. Williams (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus, Cambridge 2006, pp. 263-284.
• R. Cross, Plurality of Forms, in Id., The Physics of Duns Scotus. The Scientific Context of a Theological Vision, Cambridge 1998, pp. 47-76.
• J. South, Suárez, Immortality, and the Soul’s Dependence on the Body, in C. Leijenhorst, Suárez on Self-Awareness, in Hill B., Lagerlund L., The Philosophy of Francisco Suárez, Oxford 2012, pp. 121-136.

Non-attending students must study an additional work from the Bibliography, to be chosen between:
• R. Pasnau, Thomas Aquinas on human nature: a philosophical study of Summa Theologiae I, 75-89, Cambridge 2008.
• M. Lenzi, Anima, forma, sostanza. Filosofia e teologia nel dibattito antropologico del XIII secolo, CISAM, Spoleto 2011.
• A. Petagine, Aristotelismo difficile. L’intelletto umano nella prospettiva di Alberto Magno, Tommaso d'Aquino e Sigieri di Brabante, Milano 2004.

Logic and Arithmetic: incompleteness

Part 1: Decidability and fundamental results of recursion theory. Primitive recursive functions and elementary functions: definitions and examples, elementary coding of the finite sequences of natural numbers, an alternative definition of the set of elementary functions. Ackermann's function and the (partial) recursive functions. Arithmetical hierarchy and representation (in N) of recursive functions. Arithmetization of syntax: coding of terms and formulas, satisfiability in N of Delta formulas is elementary, coding of sequence and derivations. The fundamental theorems of recursion theory. Decidability, semi-decidability, undecidability.

Part 2: Peano arithmetic. Peano's axioms and first order Peano’s axioms. The models of (first order) Peano arithmetic. The representable functions in (first order) Peano arithmetic. Incompleteness and undecidability: Church’s undecidability theorem, fixed point, Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem, final remarks on incompleteness, hints on incompleteness and second order logic.

V. Michele Abrusci e Lorenzo Tortora de Falco, Logica. Vol. 2 Incompletezza, teoria assiomatica degli insiemi, Springer, 2018

The seminar addresses issues related to the territory and the city. The story of cardinal concepts such as cities, communities, habitats, nature, territory, landscapes, and projects will be presented, discussed and updated, from different perspectives: philosophy, art, political theory, sociology, history, geography, architecture, law, economics, political ecology, communication.

A selection of readings will be suggested.

The course consists of a series of meetings dedicated to issues and authors arising from the constellation of feminisms.
It includes lectures, workshop activities and writing sessions (individual and collective).

*An introductory text to be choosen between
- F. Castelli, R. Carocci, Femminismi. Idee, movimenti, conflitti, Novadelphi, 2021
- A. Curcio (a cura di), Introduzione ai Femminismi. Genere, razza, classe, riproduzione: dal marxismo al queer, DeriveApprodi 2021

* The handouts and bibliography related to the author/lecture chosen for the focus


(A detailed bibliography for the workshop meetings will be shared in January)

During the workshop, students will read, expound in class and comment together on Books II and III of Hume's "Treatise on Human Nature."

David Hume, Treatise of human nature, Books II (Of Passions) and III (Of Morals). Suggested edition: Oxford University Press (edited by David Fate Norton and Mary J. Norton)

1. General neuroscience principles for understanding self-control and emotions.
- Brain and mind. Between biological evolution, heredity, environment and experience
- The maturation of brain circuits of emotion and voluntary control of behavior
- Attention, working memory, self-control
Exercises:
- How do you feel? Description of affective states and emotional literacy
- The experience of (dis)control of the mind

2. We become what we repeatedly do: the plasticity of the brain and behavior
- How the neuron and neurotransmission work
- Neuroplasticity and learning
- The different types of associative learning
- Construction and fixation of habits and automatisms
Exercises:
- Exploring memory
- Training attention with breathing

3. What is an emotion?
- Emotions as adaptive programs/ Emotions as constructs
- The main theories of emotion
- Human history and the evolutionary mismatch of emotional programs
Exercises:
- Basic meditation
- Remembered wellness and reactivated wellness

4. The regulation of emotions
- Introdutciont to the psychobiology of emotions
- Emotions and language, Recognizing and naming an emotion as implicit emotional regulation
- The different possible strategies of emotional regulation, adaptive/ dysfunctional
- Learning and modification of emotional response styles
Exercises:
- Naming emotions (Strengthening emotional vocabulary)
- Introduction to body scan
- STOP technique - Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Proceed

5. Emotions and stress
- Brief history of the concept of stress, from pathophysiology, to the cognitive dimension of emotions
- The mechanisms of stress
- The impact of chronic stress on the brain and cognitive and executive functions
Exercises:
- Measuring perceived stress
- Relaxation training
- Gratitude journal


6. Cognitive training and contemplative practices. Mindfulness-based practices: scientific evidence and general introduction
- What is Mindfulness
- Risks and consequences of chronic distraction and mind wandering
- Mind wandering and negative mood
- Mindfulness and emotion regulation
- Mindfulness and neuroplasticity
Exercises:
- Basic Mindfulness Meditation
- Meditation in motion


7. Voluntary control of behavior: how it works, how it discharges, how it is enhanced
- The neural basis of self-control
- Attention and self-control
- Self-control and ego depletion (Ego depletion)
Exercises:
- Self-affirmation;
- Implementation of intentions


8. Voluntary control of behavior: how to enhance it
- Self-control can be trained and enhanced
- Physical exercise as a form of training self-control
- Ego depletion, Mindfulness and other exercises to train the "muscle" of self-control
Exercises:
- Basic Mindfulness Meditation
- Mindfulness meditation on emotions

9. Prosocial behaviors, cognitive empathy
- Prosocial behaviors, executive functions and self-control
- Prosocial behaviors, health and psychological well-being
- What is empathy 1: Cognitive empathy and brain correlates
Exercises:
- The Reflective Listening Technique;
- Cultivating loving kindness


10. Prosocial behaviors, affective empathy and compassion
- What is affective empathy and its brain correlates
- Empathy as an embodied simulation of others' emotions
- Neuroplasticity and the prosocial brain
Exercises:
- Compassion meditation
- Feeling connected

Stefano Canali, Regolare le emozioni. Teorie e metodi per lo sviluppo e il potenziamento dell’autocontrollo. Carocci, Roma, 2021