Module A
1) Metaphors of time: arrow, cycle, ellipse
2) The Greek names of the time: Aión, Chronos, Kairos
3) Saeculum: secularization and "temporalization of history"

Module B

1) Euclidean space and topological space: Spinoza and Leibniz
2) Topology and temporality
3) Utopias and heterotopias, ucronie and heterochronies

Module A
Aristotele, Fisica, IV (in alternativa: Agostino, Confessioni, XI)
G. Marramao, Potere e secolarizzazione. Le categorie del tempo (Bollati Boringhieri)
G. Marramao, Passaggio a Occidente, nuova ed.accresciuta (Bollati Boringhieri)
G. Marramao, Dopo il Leviatano, nuova ed.ampliata (Bollati Boringhieri)
Module B
G. Marramao, Passaggio a Occidente, nuova ed.accresciuta (Bollati Boringhieri)
G. Marramao, La passione del presente (Bollati Boringhieri)
G. Marramao, Dopo il Leviatano, nuova ed.ampliata (Bollati Boringhieri)
M. Foucault, Spazi altri. I luoghi delle eterotopie, a c.di Salvo Vaccaro (Mimesis)

History and philosophy of space and time

Robert Di Salle, Capire lo spazio-tempo. Lo sviluppo filosofico della fisica da Newton a Einstein. Bollati Boringhieri
M. Dorato, Che cos’è il tempo?, Carocci, 2013
Dainton, B. (2010) Time and Space (capitoli da definirsi)
Dyke H. Bardon A. eds. (2013) Blackwell companion to the philosophy of time (capitoli da definirsi)
In alternativa per chi non legge l’inglese P. Davies, I misteri del Tempo, Mondadori

The concept of infinity between philosophy and the sciences

P. Zellini, Breve Storia dell’Infinito, Adelphi (selected chapters)
J.D. Barrow, L’Infinito, Mondadori (selected chapters)
additional readings to be defined during the course

Virtue and happiness: Aristotle and Bernard de Mandeville
A: Anaylisis of Aristotelian ethics. True happiness is possible only through a continuos practice of virtue
B: Private vices and public virtus. The conflict between reason and passion in Bernard de Mandeville

A: Aristotele, Etica Nicomachea, Vegetti L'etica degli antichi
B: Bernard de Mandeville, La favola delle api. A. Branchi, Introduzione a Bernard de Mandeville

The course will focus on Plotinus treaty I, 2 On virtues. The text will be read and discussed in relation to Plotinus’ thought as well as to the cultural and philosophical context of neo-Platonism.

1: Plotino, Sulle virtù: I 2 [19], Introduzione, testo greco, traduzione e commento di Giovanni Catapano, Prefazione di John M. Rist, Edizioni Plus - Università di Pisa, Pisa, 2006
2: Riccardo Chiaradonna, Plotino, Carocci, Roma, 2009
3: Eric R. Dodds, Tradition and Personal Achievement in the Philosophy of Plotinus, “Journal of Roman Studies”, 50 (1960), pp. 1-7
4: Alessandro Linguiti, Plotinus and Porphyry on the Contemplative Life, in M. Bonazzi - Th. Bénatouil, Theoria, Praxis, and the Contemplative Life after Plotinus and Aristotle, Brill, Leiden, 2012, pp. 183-197
5: Charles Brittain, Attention Deficit in Plotinus and Augustine, “Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy” 18 (2003), 223-263

On the basis of the ancient cynicism’s interpretation made by Foucault in the last course he held at the Collège de France the course aims to focus on issues like parresia, subjectivity, truth, militancy.

M. Foucault, Il coraggio della verità, Feltrinelli, Milano.

In reference to the social transformations have consolidated in recent decades - that redefine modern couples public / private , state / society , political / economic - require an update of two basic categories that have marked the political thought of the twentieth century , the production of goods and human reproduction and social . From the discussions that have dealt a critical category of " production " , we will develop a survey of internal connections in this conceptual pair .

Arendt , Hannah , Jobs work action . The forms of active life , Shadows Court , 1997
Macherey , Pierre , The productive subject . From Marx to Foucault , Shadows Court , 2013
The King , Alisa , Gender issues . Some thoughts on the relationship production / reproduction in the definition of the common , " About Gender " , 1 , 2012, pp . 151-170

Other materials will be made available during the course

History of Eastern Europe in the XIX and XX centuries

the students can choose two texts among:
N. Riasanovzky, Storia della Russia dalle origini ai nostri giorni, Bompiani editore;
A. Roccucci, Stalin e il patriarca, Einaudi editore,
T. Snyder, Terre di sangue, Rizzoli editore

Applications of compactness theorem, Löwenheim-Skolem theorems. Recursion and decidability, completeness and decidability of a theory, examples. Peano arithmetic and Godel's incompleteness theorems.

The network infrastructure. Transmission of information. Circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. Local networks. Topologies for local area networks. LANs interconnection. Software architecture for the network. Principles of operation of the TCP/IP. IP addressing, dotted decimal notation, netmask, gateway, DNS. Name authorities. (Chapter 5 of [1])

Network applications. Client/server Architectures. DBMS relational model. Differences between databases and data warehouses. HTTP Protocol: visualisation, http queries, http document specification, URI specification, HTML Language, the browser as a language interpreter; Definition of service proxy. Structuring of information in view of automatic processing. (Chapter 8 of [1]). The case of the processing and analysis of cultural information. Example: Lev Manovich [2] and examples of applications [3] and [4].

Search engines. Ranking algorithms: the mathematics underlying search engine. Browsing the Web and probability. Transition matrices and their eigenvalues. Interpretation of the principal eigenvector as a ranking measure (notes in [5]). Ranking algorithms, search engines and interfaces. Advanced Google queries [6].

Structuring information. Introduction to the XML tagging language. XML syntax; Definition of a grammar using regular expressions. Definition of the DTD (Data Type Definition). XSLT language for XML. Complete description of a specific DTD. Validation of XML documents against a DTD. Using XSLT for XHTML documents from XML. RSS specification. ([7])

Wikipedia as an example of information infrastructure. User interface: editing of articles in Wikipedia. Dynamic web server; Open Source Software; Description of the LAMP architecture. Analysis and application of XML for the management of information.

[1] AA.VV., Fondamenti di Informatica 2 ISBN: 9788808044372 (2004).
[2] Lev Manovich, Cultural Analytics, Software Studies Initiative (2009).
[3] Lisa Jevbratt, 1 to 1: internet visualisation
[4] Stefanie Posavec, Literary Spaces
[5] Lecture Notes of MIT Course on Page Ranking.
[6] Advanced Operators Reference (Google Guide):
[7] Luca Roversi, Gestione Strutturata dell'Informazione.

The course aims to illustrate the relationship between philosophy and art, in reference to the concepts of "immanence" and "life" in Gilles Deleuze's thought.

1) G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, Che cos’è la filosofia?, Einaudi, Torino.
2) G. Deleuze, Immanenza: una vita (fornito dalla docente)
3)R. Esposito, Terza persona, Einaudi, Torino
or
R. Braidotti, Il postumano, DeriveApprodi

Experiences of narrative in contemporary literature and film

A. Mazzarella, La grande rete della scrittura, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2008; J. Gottschall, L’istinto di narrare, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2014 (quest'ultimo in alternativa, per gli studenti non frequentanti, con G. Ferraro, Teorie della narrazione, Carocci, Roma 2015).
Filmografia:
M. Haneke, Amour (2012); M. Scorsese, The Wolf of Wall Street (2013); M. Martone, Il giovane favoloso (2014)
(The film will be screened during the course)

Referring to the Arendt's problems on the judgement and responsibility, the cours aims to recover the sense of morality, that is ability to discern right from wrong.

Module A
Reading of the Preface and Introduction to the Critique of Judgment and Analytic of the Beautiful.

Module B
Reading of the Analytic of the Sublime, the Deduction of the Pure Aesthetic Judgements and the Dialectic of Aesthetic Judgment.

Module A
Immanuel Kant, Critica del Giudizio, Roma-Bari, Laterza: Prefazione, Introduzione, §§ 1-22
Module B
Immanuel Kant, Critica del Giudizio, Roma-Bari, Laterza, §§ 23-60

Module A
The possible as the subject of the discussion
Module B
The possible as the shape of the discussion

Module A
Aristotele, Metafisica, libro IX.

G. W. Leibniz, Nuovi saggi sull’intelletto umano, Editori Riuniti (parti).

I. Kant, Critica della ragion pura, “I postulati del pensiero empirico in generale”.

I. Kant, Critica del giudizio, limitatamente al § 76.

M. Heidegger, Le tesi di Kant sull’essere, in Id. Segnavia, Adelphi.

H. Bergson, Il possibile e il reale, in Id. Il pensiero e il movimento, Laterza.

M. Mugnai, Possibile/Necessario, il Mulino.


Module B

Aristotele, Analitici primi (parti).

E. Hughes, M. J. Cresswell, Introduzione alla logica modale, il Saggiatore.

W.V.O. Quine, Riferimento e modalità, in Id. Il problema del significato, Ubaldini.

R.M. Chisholm, Il condizionale controfattuale, in C. Pizzi (a cura di), Leggi di natura, modalità, ipotesi, Feltrinelli.

P. Virno, Parole con le parole, limitatamente al cap. 5, “Al modo del possibile”. Disponiobile in fotocopia.

Psychoanalysis as Philosophy: Epistemology and Philosophy of the Language in Freud's Work.

The course aims to analyze the notion of matter in Thomas Aquinas’ thought.
Through the analytical reading of some of the key-sections of the Commentary on Aristotle’ s Physics and Metaphysics and from the Summa contra Gentiles and the Summa Theologiae the course recalls the transformation of the Greek definition of matter in the theological and metaphysical framework of Thomas Aquinas, by assessing its contribution in relation to the theoretical thought of Anselm of Canterbury.

Sofia Vanni Rovighi, Introduzione a Tommaso d’Aquino, Roma-Bari 1986
B. Ippolito, Dio, il niente e la verità in Anselmo d’Aosta, Roma 2015.
B. Ippolito, Giovanni Duns Scoto: Un’introduzione filosofica, in corso di pubblicazione
Tommaso d’Aquino, Commento al Libro II della Fisica di Aristotele.
Tommaso d’Aquino, Commento al Libro VIII della Metafisica di Aristotele.
Tommaso d’Aquino, Summa contra gentiles, Brani scelti.
Tommaso d’Aquino, Summa theologiae, Brani scelti

Horace’s Epodes. In this course a literary setting of the liber Epodum by Horace will be offered, toghether with a reading of the latin text, an italian interpretation and a commentary, with particular care to the aspects of poetical shape and form (models, metrics, style).

- Orazio, Il libro degli Epodi, a cura di A. Cavarzere, Venezia (ed. Marsilio).
- E. Fraenkel, Horace, Clarendon Press: Chapters I (‘Vita Horati’) e II (‘The Epodes’).

The course provides students with essential knowledge on the structuring of monetary systems (particularly the Bretton Woods currency system) and on the financial networks and marketing channels of the 20th century. Special emphasis is given to the problems of the integration of the underdeveloped countries into the global economy.
I. Cycles and trends in the Second World War
- The conversion of war economies and the rise of mixed economies.
II. The circuits of international trade.
- The Marshall Plan, the birth of the European Union and the Comecon.
- The integration of developing countries and neo 70s.
- The return to free trade in the 80s and the birth of the World Trade Organization.
III. Currency systems
- The Bretton Woods currency system.
- Apogee and decline of the gold-dollar standard exchange rate and flexible regional monetary agreements.

The course will be organized in seminars: the material to be studied will be distributed by the teacher during the lessons; the students not attending the course are requested to contact the teacher.

The course aims to introduce students, in a historical perspective, to the most important contemporary phenomena of economic and social integration between the different areas of the world, with particular attention for the cooperation for development, the formation of trade regional agreements, the Latin American, Mediterranean and Far East areas.

The course will be organized in seminars: the material to be studied will be distributed by the teacher during the lessons; the students not attending the course are requested to contact the teacher.

MECHANICS AND THE MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY IN EARLY MODERN SCIENCE. THE ROLE OF MACHINES IN EUROPEAN SOCIETIES.
PRACTICAL MECHANICS AND THE NEW SCIENCE OF MOTION FROM GALILEI TO NEWTON. MATTER, MOTION AND FORCE IN MODERN PHYSICS (1600-1800).

REQUIRED TEXTS.

SELECTIONS FROM:
G. GALILEI, DIALOGO SOPRA I DUE MASSIMI SISTEMI DEL MONDO;
G. GALILEI, DISCORSI E DIMOSTRAZIONI MATEMATICHE;
R. DESCARTES, PRINCIPIA PHILOSOPHIAE;
I. NEWTON, PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA PHILOSOPHIAE NATURALIS;
I. NEWTON, OPTICKS.

ONE TEXT FROM THIS LIST:

P. PECERE (ed.), Il libro della natura, CAROCCI, Roma, 2015;

A. THACKRAY, Atoms and Powers, Harvard U.P., Cambridge Mass.,1970;

M. Valleriani, Galileo engineer, Springer, Dordrecht, 2010;

R. WESTFALL, Force in Newton's physics, Neale Watson Ac. Publ., New York, 1971;

General part. Freud's theory of the unconscious. Primary process and secondary process. Logic and bi-logic. The languages of the unconscious: dreams, failure to act, symptom. Meaningful language and communicating language. The factors of communication. The cognitive unconscious.

Specific part. Similarities and differences between the language of the unconscious and the language of culture. Humour as a tertiary process. Freudian theories of art, literature and religion. The concept of historical truth in Freud. Judaism and Christianity in Freud's thought. The dialectic of anti-Semitism and racism in Freud's thought. The developments of psychoanalytic research in the aesthetic and religious field. Psychoanalysis and textual criticism. Psychoanalysis of religious and aesthetic experience.

Freud Sigmund. Il perturbante. In Opere Sigmund Freud. Vol V, pp 1-2011. Torino: Boringhieri, 1979.
Freud Sigmund, L’umorismo. In Opere. Vol. X, pp. 499-508. Torino: Boringhieri, 1978.
Freud Sigmund, Il motto di spirito e la sua relazione con l’inconscio. Torino: Boringhieri, 1980.
Meghnagi David, Interpretare Freud. Venezia: Marsilio 2003.
Meghnagi David, Jewish humor on Psychoanalysis, International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 1989.
Meghnagi David. From the Dream of a generation to the theory of dreams: Freud’s Roman dreams. Int. Journal of Psychoanalysis (2011) 92: 675-695.
Meghnagi David, Il Padre e la Legge (Freud e l’Ebraismo). Venezia: Marsilio, 2004 (Terza edizione aggiornata).

The course takes into consideration those conceptions that examined religiosity during the eve of the XX century and the technique development.

G. Simmel, Tecnica e modernità nella Germania di fine Ottocento (1902) e Le Metropoli e la vita dello spirito (1903), Armando
Rudolf Otto, Il sacro (1917), SE
M. Heidegger, Lo sguardo in ciò che è (1949), in Le conferenze di Brema e Friburgo, Adelphi, pp. 19-108
M. Heidegger, La sentenza di Nietzsche “Dio è morto” (1953), in Id. Sentieri interrotti
M. Heidegger, L’abbandono (1955), il melangolo

Coscienza e linguaggio.

1) R. M. Calcaterra, G. Maddalena, G. Marchetti (a cura di), Pragmatismo. Dalle origini agli sviluppi contemporanei, Carocci, 2015 (Sezioni Prima e Seconda).
2) G. H. Mead, Mente, Sé e Società, Giunti, 2010.
3) G. Baggio, La mente bio-sociale. Filosofia e psicologia in G. H. Mead, ETS, 2015

Through the reading of one of the last courses that Michel Foucault held at the Collège de France we will see how the "issue of the subject" has always been the focus of his research and how some philosophies of the late antiquity may provide an example of "subjectivity" ethics in which the "self-care" and the "practices of freedom" allow to escape from the ”subjection" to the powers-knowledge previously shown in the genealogy of the modern man.

M. Foucault, L’ermeneutica del soggetto, Feltrinelli, Milano
M. Foucault, Perché studiare il potere: la questione del soggetto; Sulla genealogia dell’etica: compendio di un work in progress
H. L. Dreyfus-P. Rabinow, La ricerca di Michel Foucault, Ponte alle Grazie, Firenze 1989, pp. 237-244; 257-281.

The course aims to address the reading and the comment of Immanuel Kant’s "Critique of judgment", with a focus on the first part ("Critique of the aesthetic judgment. ")

I. Kant, Critica della facoltà di giudizio, a cura di E. Garroni e H. Hohenegger, Einaudi, Torino 1999, pp. XI-LXXXXI e 3-192
E. Garroni, Estetica ed epistemologia. Riflessioni sulla “Critica del Giudizio”, Bulzoni, Roma 1976; nuova ed. Unicopli 1998.

The lectures treat with the topic of linguistic pathologies, and specifically the deficits of discourse and conversation. Among the cases that will be examined, large space will be reserved to autism, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury and aphasia.

Mandatory book:

- Adornetti I., a cura di, 2015, Pragmatica del discorso e della conversazione. Una prospettiva cognitiva, Corisco, Roma-Messina.

One book among:

- Cummings L., 2015, Pragmatica clinica, Aracne, Roma.
- Frith U., 1989, L’autismo. Spiegazione di un enigma, Laterza, Roma-Bari.
- Marini A., Carlomagno S., 2004, Analisi del discorso e patologia del linguaggio, Springer Verlag.

The course focuses on the eighteenth-century debate around the themes of perpetual peace and cosmopolitanism, focusing on a series of texts of Abbé de Saint-Pierre, Rousseaue and Kant. The course then consider the echo of the issues in the contemporary discussion through a case study (Derrida).

A. Obligatory texts:
Abbé de Saint-Pierre, Progetto per la pace perpetua, in D. Archibugi, F. Voltaggio, Filosofi per la pace, Roma, Editori Riuniti, 1991, pp. 47-107
J.-J. Rousseau, Estratto dal progetto di pace perpetua, in Scritti politici, vol. 2, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1994, pp. 319-347
J.-J. Rousseau, Giudizio sul progetto di pace perpetua, in Scritti politici, vol. 2, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1994, pp. 349-359
I. Kant, Per la pace perpetua, Milano, Feltrinelli, 3a ed. ampliata, 1995 (e ristampe successive)
J. Derrida, Cosmopoliti di tutti i paesi, ancora uno sforzo!, trad. it., Cronopio, Napoli, 1997
J. Derrida, Il diritto alla filosofia da un punto di vista cosmopolitico,trad. it., Genova, Il Melangolo, 2003
B. A book of your choice:
G. Marini, La filosofia comopolitica di Kant, a cura di N. De Federicis e M.C. Pievatolo, Laterza, Bari, 2007
M. Mori, La pace e la ragione. Kant e le relazioni internazionali: diritto, politica, storia, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2008
C. Materials provided by the teacher

The course considers the meanings of activity and passivity of consciousness in Leibniz and Husserl and it highlights their common views, with a particular focus on the second book of Leibniz’ New Essays on Human Understanding, which is dedicated to the formation of ideas, on the dialogue with the Lockean sensualism and on how Husserl conceives the concepts of passive and active synthesis. It will be also analyzed the role of the virtual, the memory and the attention in the two philosophies.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Nuovi Saggi sull’intelletto umano, Milano, Bompiani 2011 (Secondo Libro)
Edmund Husserl, Lezioni sulle sintesi passive, Guerini, Milano 1993
Enzo Paci, Il problema della monadologia da Leibniz a Husserl per una concezione scientifica e umana della società: lezioni dell’Anno accademico 1975-76, a cura di Silvana Merati, Cuem, Milano 1976.
Vincenzo Costa, Husserl, Carocci, Roma 2009.

The axioms of the Zermelo-Fraenkel theory. The ordinals. The axiom of foundation. The axiom of choice. The Cardinals and the continuum hypothesis.

A logical theory of communication and interaction: the linear logic, its development, its applications.
1. Geometry of the demonstrations and of “interaction"
2. The positive and the negative in communication and interaction
3. The development and the invariants in communication and interaction

The course is an introduction to the philosophy of mind informed by cognitive sciences. Cognitive science investigates complex organisms at the information-processing level of analysis, and it can be defined a peculiar level in the sense that it is suspended between two worlds. On the one hand, there is the ordinary image of ourselves as persons, namely as self-conscious, intentional, rational agents. On the other hand, we have the sub-personal sphere of the cerebral events, as investigated by neuroscience. Therefore, one of the main tasks for the philosopher of psychology is to unravel this peculiarity, trying to shed some light upon the relations between these different ways of describing ourselves. This course critically explores some classical attempts to accomplish this task.

M. Marraffa e A. Paternoster - Persone, menti, cervelli. Storia, metodi e modelli delle scienze della mente. Milano: Mondadori, 2011.
S. Dehaene - Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts. London: Penguin Books, 2014.

Advanced course on linguistic change, its mechanisms and explanations at the different levels of analysis. Grammaticalization, degrammaticalization, reanalysis and their relationship with Construction Grammar. Historical grammar of IE languages known by students. Etymology and its bibliografical instruments.

Benedetti, M., 203, “L’etimologia tra storia e tipologia”, in Mancini, M. (a cura di), Il mutamento linguistico, Roma, Carocci, 209-262.
Additional material will be provided during the course.