The course is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the most important issues related to terrorism as a global phenomenon, by adopting a historical perspective. The second part is devoted to a specialized theme: history of terrorism in Italy from the Sixties to the Eighties.

FIRST HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
Terrorism in Historical Perspective
Contents: 1. The Age of Terrorism: An Introduction 2. Defining Terrorism 3. The Roots of Terrorism 4. Typologies of Terrorism 5. What Kind of People Become Terrorists? 6. The “Anarchist” Wave and the “Era of the Attempts” 7. The “Anti-colonial” Wave: Algeria and beyond 8. Nationalist and Separatist Terrorism in Europe: ETA and IRA 9. The Ideological Wave 10. The “Religious” Wave and the Rise of Islamist Terrorism 11. al-Qaeda and ISIS 12. Reacting (to) and Countering Terrorism 13. The Debate over “New” vs. “Old” Terrorism (and Counterterrorism) 14. The Role of Mass Media 15. How Terrorism Ends: Historical Patterns


SECOND HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
Terrorism in Italy from the Sixties to the Eighties
Contents: 1. Terrorism in Italy: A General Overview 2. The Origins and Causes of Italian Terrorisms 3. “Black” Terrorism: History and Features 4. “Red” Terrorism: History and Features 5. The Red Brigades: Roots, Ideology, Organization, Strategy, and Tactics in Historical Perspective 6. The “Aldo Moro Murder Case” and its Impact on the Italian Political System 7. The Issue of the International Links of Italian Terrorism: Analyses and Interpretations 8. The “Profile” of Italian Terrorists 9. The Italian Response to the Terrorist Threat 10. Crisis and Fall of Italian Terrorisms


The first part of the course will consist of lectures, during which also photographs and footage will be employed.
The second part of the course will be structured as a specialized seminar. First, the instructor will introduce the main topics of the seminar in his lectures. Subsequently, attending students may write (it is not mandatory) a 4000 word paper about a book, which will be chosen from a selection provided by the instructor during the course.

With regard to the seminar, for those students who submit the paper, the grade for this part of the course (which will average with the grade obtained for the first part) will be attributed on the basis of the student’s 4000 word paper.

The course is entirely taught in English.

For students of the International Studies Program attendance is mandatory.

Books for students attending the course:
- Leonard Weinberg, Global Terrorism, Oneworld-Rosen, 2008
- Randall D. Law, Terrorism: A History, 2nd Edition, Polity, 2016
- Readings assigned by instructor


Books for students not attending the course:
1. Leonard Weinberg, Global Terrorism, Oneworld-Rosen, 2008
2. Randall D. Law, Terrorism: A History, 2nd Edition, Polity, 2016
3. Leonard Weinberg and William Lee Eubank, The Rise and Fall of Italian Terrorism, Routledge 2019

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE COURSE PROGRAMME -

- Human rights in the philosophical perspective: ontological and epistemological approaches
- The psychological foundation of the fruition of fundamental rights: self-respect, self-trust and self-esteem
- The struggles for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflict: the analysis of society as a theory of justice
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathological turn
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Recognition and the free market: the sphere of consumption, labour markets and environmental sustainability
- Human rights in contemporary ethical debates
- Moral reflection, rights and legislation
- Rights and duties
- The challenges of our time

This course is taught in Italian.

1) HONNETH, Axel, "Il diritto della libertà. Lineamenti per un’eticità democratica", trad. C. Sandrelli, Codice Edizioni, Torino 2015 (si esclude la parte finale del libro, ovvero le pagine 358-481).

2) HONNETH, Axel, ANDERSON, Joel., "Autonomia, vulnerabilità, riconoscimento e giustizia", in "Lotte, riconoscimento, diritti", a cura di Carnevale, A., Strazzeri, I., Morlacchi Editore, Perugia 2011, pp. 107-142 (l'articolo in questione è reperibile nella sezione FILES del Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 sulla piattaforma MICROSOFT TEAMS). In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly.

3) PONGIGLIONE, Francesca, "I diritti umani nel dibattito etico contemporaneo", Carocci, Roma 2019.

Strategic Studies

Instructor: Niccolò Petrelli
C.F.U. 8

Studi Strategici
Docente: Niccolò Petrelli
A.A. 2021/22
C.F.U. 6

What is Strategy? What are its constituent elements? How does it work in practice? How do international actors coordinate national interests and available resources? How is power developed in the international system? The course aims at introducing students to the topics of strategy, power in its various forms, and competiton and conflict in the international system. By familiarizing students with the theory of strategy, the course provides them theoretical tools appropriate for analyzing international relations in a competitive perspective.
AT the end of the course the students will be in possess of:

1. Analytical instruments appropriate for analyzing and assessing the dynamics of conflict and competition in international relations.
2. Knowledge of a certain number of empirical cases of national strategy in various areas of the world in the last 30 years.

Program

Week 1 – The Theory of Stratey: Fundamental Concepts
1. Introduction: The academic discipline of Strategic Studies, Objectives and structure of the course, assessment, teaching approach, materials.

2. The Strategic Approach to international Relations: Strategy as a Science and its fundamental assumptions.
Bernard Brodie, ‘Strategy as a Science’ World Politics, Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 1949), pp. 467-488.
Michael Howard, ‘The Strategic Approach to International Relations’, British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 67-75.
MLR Smith – Strategic Theory Assumptions.

3. The concept of Strategy: General overview and analytical framework
Bob De Wit, Strategy: An International Perspective, 6th Edition (Andover: Cengage, 2017).
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina (Lugano: StartInsight/Europa Atlantica, 2021), 27-29.
Edward Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), levels
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 53-55.

Week 2 – The "environment" and content of Grand Strategy

4. Grand Strategy and the “environment”
Edward Luttwak, Strategy, scope.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 30.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Anarchy in International Relations.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance.

5. The elements of Grand Strategy: Diagnosis, Objectives.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 31-40.

6. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Means
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 40-47.

Week 3 – The Content of Grand Strategy (II)

7. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Time
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Andrew Carr, ‘It’s about time: Strategy and temporal phenomena’, Journal of Strategic Studies (2018).

8. The Elements of Grand Strategy: The competitive logic
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Michael Porter, ‘What is Strategy?’, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996).

9. The Execution of Grand Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 59-74.*
Niccolò Petrelli – The Stages of Grand Strategy (dispensa)

Week 4 – The Process of Grand Strategy

10. Strategy and Contingency
Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy and contingency’, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 1281-1296.

11. The strategy process: features and analytical criteria.
Lawrence Freedman, Strategy, A History (Oxford: Oxford UP: 2013).
John Lewis Gaddis, ‘Containment and the Logic of Strategy’, The National Interest, No. 10 (WINTER 1987/8), pp. 27-38.
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

12. The Grand Strategy of Brasil
Carlos R. S. Milani and Tiago Nery, ‘Brazil’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Matias Spektor, ‘Brazil: Shadows of the Past and Contested Ambitions’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

Week 5 – Grand Strategy in Practice: Case Studies

13. The Grand Strategy of the EU
Daniel Fiott and Luis Simón, ‘The European Union’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Sven Biscop, ‘No peace from corona: defining EU strategy for the 2020s’, Journal of European Integration, 42/8 (2020), 1009-1023.

14. The Grand Strategy of Russia
Celine Marangé, ‘Russia’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Fyodor Lukyanov, ‘Russia: Geopolitics and Identity’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016),

VIa Settimana – Grand Strategy in practice: Case Studies (II)

15. The Grand Strategy of Israel
Eitan Shamir, ‘Israel’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Ariel Levite, ‘Israel: Strategic Vision Adrift’ in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

16. The Grand Strategy of Iran
Thierry Balzacq and Wendy Ramadan-Alban, ‘Iran’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Kevjn Lim, ‘Iran’s Grand Strategic Logic’, Survival, 62/5 (2020), 157-172

17. The Grand Strategy of China
Andrew S. Erickson, ‘China’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Oriana Skylar Mastro, ‘Chinese Grand Strategy’, In John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, Jeannie L. Johnson (eds), Strategy in the Contemporary World, 7th edition, (Oxford UP, forthcoming Dec 2021).

Week 7 – Conclusions
18. The Grand Strategy of the US
Hal Brands, Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump (Washington DC: Brookings, 2018), cap. 3.

19. Conclusions and Final Revision

FOr info about teaching material email the instructor.

In addition to the readings listed above students that attend the course (at least 2/3 of classe) will have to submit a paper (maximum 4000 words) before December 6 Dicembre on one of the following:

Richard Rumelt, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters (New York: Crown, 2011).
Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Bites Back (London: Prentice Hall, 2008).
Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (New York: The Free Press, 1990), 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11.

Students attending for 8CFU will have phave to submit two papers (maximum 4000 words) before December 12 on two of the following:

Richard Rumelt, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters (New York: Crown, 2011).
Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Bites Back (London: Prentice Hall, 2008).
Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (New York: The Free Press, 1990), 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11

Strategic Studies

Instructor: Niccolò Petrelli
A.A. 2021/22
C.F.U. 9

What is Strategy? What are its constituent elements? How does it work in practice? How do international actors coordinate national interests and available resources? How is power developed in the international system? The course aims at introducing students to the topics of strategy, power in its various forms, and competiton and conflict in the international system. By familiarizing students with the theory of strategy, the course provides them theoretical tools appropriate for analyzing international relations in a competitive perspective.
AT the end of the course the students will be in possess of:

1. Analytical instruments appropriate for analyzing and assessing the dynamics of conflict and competition in international relations.
2. Knowledge of a certain number of empirical cases of national strategy in various areas of the world in the last 30 years.

Program

Week 1 – The Theory of Stratey: Fundamental Concepts
1. Introduction: The academic discipline of Strategic Studies, Objectives and structure of the course, assessment, teaching approach, materials.

2. The Strategic Approach to international Relations: Strategy as a Science and its fundamental assumptions.
Bernard Brodie, ‘Strategy as a Science’ World Politics, Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 1949), pp. 467-488.
Michael Howard, ‘The Strategic Approach to International Relations’, British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 67-75.
MLR Smith – Strategic Theory Assumptions.

3. The concept of Strategy: General overview and analytical framework
Bob De Wit, Strategy: An International Perspective, 6th Edition (Andover: Cengage, 2017).
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina (Lugano: StartInsight/Europa Atlantica, 2021), 27-29.
Edward Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), levels
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 53-55.

Week 2 – The "environment" and content of Grand Strategy

4. Grand Strategy and the “environment”
Edward Luttwak, Strategy, scope.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 30.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Anarchy in International Relations.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance.

5. The elements of Grand Strategy: Diagnosis, Objectives.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 31-40.

6. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Means
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 40-47.

Week 3 – The Content of Grand Strategy (II)

7. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Time
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Andrew Carr, ‘It’s about time: Strategy and temporal phenomena’, Journal of Strategic Studies (2018).

8. The Elements of Grand Strategy: The competitive logic
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Michael Porter, ‘What is Strategy?’, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996).

9. The Execution of Grand Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 59-74.*
Lawrence Freedman, Strategy, A History (Oxford: Oxford UP: 2013).
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

Week 4 – The Process of Grand Strategy

10. Strategy and Contingency
Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy and contingency’, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 1281-1296.

11. Change in Grand Strategy
Rebecca Lissner, ‘Rethinking Grand-Strategic Change: Overhauls Versus Adjustments in Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

12. Analys and Evaluation of Grand Strategy
William C. Wohlforth, ‘The Challenge of Evaluating Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).
John Lewis Gaddis, ‘Containment and the Logic of Strategy’, The National Interest, No. 10 (WINTER 1987/8), pp. 27-38.

Week 5 – Analysis and Evaluation of Grand Strategy

13. Success in Grand Strategy

Hal Brands and Peter Feaver, ‘Getting Grand Strategy Right’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

14. Grand Strategy in Small States

Anders Wivel, ‘The Grand Strategies of Small States’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

Week 6 – Grand Strategy in Practice: Case Studies

15. the Grand Strategy of Brazil
Carlos R. S. Milani and Tiago Nery, ‘Brazil’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Matias Spektor, ‘Brazil: Shadows of the Past and Contested Ambitions’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

16. the Grand Strategy of the EU
Daniel Fiott and Luis Simón, ‘The European Union’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Sven Biscop, ‘No peace from corona: defining EU strategy for the 2020s’, Journal of European Integration, 42/8 (2020), 1009-1023.

17. Russia's Grand Strategy
Celine Marangé, ‘Russia’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Fyodor Lukyanov, ‘Russia: Geopolitics and Identity’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016),

Week 7 Grand Straegy in Practice: Case Studies (II)

18. Israel's Grand Strategy
Eitan Shamir, ‘Israel’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Ariel Levite, ‘Israel: Strategic Vision Adrift’ in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

19. Iran's Grand Strategy
Thierry Balzacq and Wendy Ramadan-Alban, ‘Iran’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Kevjn Lim, ‘Iran’s Grand Strategic Logic’, Survival, 62/5 (2020), 157-172

20. China's Grand Strategy
Andrew S. Erickson, ‘China’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Oriana Skylar Mastro, ‘Chinese Grand Strategy’, In John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, Jeannie L. Johnson (eds), Strategy in the Contemporary World, 7th edition, (Oxford UP, forthcoming Dec 2021).

Week 8 – Presentations
21. US Grand Strategy
Hal Brands, Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump (Washington DC: Brookings, 2018), cap. 3.
22. Students' Presentations
23. Students' Presentations

Week 9 – Presentations

24. Students' Presentations
25. Students' Presentations
26. Students' Presentations

Week 10 – Conclusions

27. Conclusions and Exam Review

In addition to the readings listed above students that attend the course (at least 2/3 of classe) will have to submit a paper (maximum 4000 words) before December 12 and present on two of the following:

Richard Rumelt, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters (New York: Crown, 2011).
Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Bites Back (London: Prentice Hall, 2008).
Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (New York: The Free Press, 1990), 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11.

For centuries humankind has desired peace and a peaceful resolution of conflicts; only in the last few centuries peace has been perceived as an attainable political objective. In this way, the idea of the abolition of war became conceivable, associations dedicated to peace arose (and pacifism was also considered as a kind of peace party) and international organisations were founded, with the aim of banning war and promoting peacekeeping operations.

The course offers a historical introduction to the theme of peace as one of the focal points of contemporary politics until the beginning of the 21st century. It is dedicated to the international history of peace ideas, peace movements and peace institutions.

The course aims to encourage students to think critically on the theme of war/peace in history, focusing on past centuries, but with an introduction to why, during Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern age, the desire for peace and the rejection of war never became a political objective.

By the end of the course, students will be able to better comprehend the main aspects of the peace/war debate and the importance and limitations of peace movements and peace institutions in the contemporary world. Furthermore, they will acquire an understanding of the main interpretations and methodologies proposed and used by scholars to analyze the history of peace.

The course is taught in English.

MAIN SUBJECTS:

1. The concept of peace; 2. Peace and historical research; 3. Antiquity: Ancient Eastern Civilizations, War and peace in the Bible, Ancient Greece, Rome. The Christian Tradition; 4. The Middle Ages: Islam, Christianity and holy war; the ‘just war’ theory; 5. The refusal of war: Christian approaches; 6. The refusal of war in the age of absolute Monarchies; 7. Enlightenment and peace projects; Rousseau; Kant; Revolutionary war and the birth of the ‘friends of peace’; 8. Conservatism, liberalism, radicalism, socialism and the peace issue; Moderates and radicals inside peace societies; 9. The age of militarism and pacifism (1870-1914); 10. The failure of peace and a new pacifism (1914-1918); 11. ‘No More Wars’ (1914-1931): Wilsonianism and the League of Nations; Gandhi and nonviolence; 12. Pacifism and Totalitarianism (1931-1945); 13. Peace and world federalism in the age of the Cold War; 14. Peace and Protest (1954-1978); 15. The Peacekeeping Years (1989-2001)

REQUIRED READINGS:
- David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
- Michael Howard, War and the Liberal Conscience (London: Temple Smith, 1978) (or any later edition).
- Assigned readings (on Moodle)


REQUIRED WORK FOR NOT ATTENDING STUDENTS (ONLY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDENTS)
• In English:
1. David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
2. Michael Howard, War and the Liberal Conscience (London: Temple Smith, 1978) (or any later edition).
3. One book chosen among the recommended readings (the list will be available on Moodle)
4. Another book chosen among the recommended readings (the list will be available on Moodle)

The course analyzes the History of International Relations from the mid 1980s till the Obama Administration (with some hints to the more recent years).

The main topics of the course are:
- End of the Cold War
- German reunification
- Iraq-Kuwait 1990-1991 war and the international reaction
- collapse of Jugoslavia
- the crisis in Somalia
- Rwanda genocide
-the crisis in Kosovo
- 9/11 attacks and War on Terror
- evolution of arms control and challenges related to nuclear weapons

The focus of the course will be on the kind of international reactions in each crisis, the behavior of the main players of the international system (national states, organizations and alliances, coalitions, non-state actors) and on the evolution of the threats to the security during the period analyzed (mid 1980s; 1990s, and the first decade of the XXI century).

extbooks compulsory for ALL (attending and non-attending students)

1) Antonio Varsori, Le relazioni internazionali dopo la guerra fredda, 1989-2017 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2018)
2) Giuseppe Mammarella, Europa e Stati Uniti dopo la guerra fredda (Bologna: Il Mulino)

3) two short readings, available at the Cartoleria "4 Appunti", via G.Chiabrera (excerpt from the book: Ennio Di Nolfo, Storia delle relazioni internazionali // and excerpt from the book: Odd Arne Westad, La guerra fredda globale)

--------

ATTENDING students (Frequentanti)

In addition to these books (Varsori; Mammarella; and the two short readings), compulsory for all, students attending classes have to study readings (articles and books) assigned by the professor during the course.

--------

Students non-attending classes (STUDENTI NON FREQUENTANTI):
In addition to these books (Varsori, Mammarella, and the teo short readings that are compulsory for all), students non attending classes have to CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE OPTIONS and write a paper following the instruction listed in the "Valutazione" section:

1) ASIA (2 books)

- Bill Emmott, Asia contro Asia. Cina, India Giappone e la nuova geografia del potere (Milano: Rizzoli, 2008)

and one between the following two:

- Barbara Onnis, La Cina nelle relazioni internazionali. Dalle guerre dell' Oppio a oggi (Roma: Carocci, 2011)

- or: Sumit Ganguly, Storia dell'India e del Pakistan. Due paesi in conflitto (Milano: Bruno Mondadori, 2004), pp. 1-16 -and from 94 to the end

2) STATI UNITI (BOTH books)

- Pierre Hassner e Justin Vaisse, Washington e il mondo. I dilemmi di una superpotenza (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004)
- New Book: Chollet & Goldgeier, America between the wars. The misunderstood years between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Start of the War on Terror. From 11/9 to 9/11 (2008)

3) ONU

- Paul Kennedy, Il Parlamento dell'Uomo. Le Nazioni Unite e la ricerca di un governo mondiale (Milano: Garzanti, 2007)

Part I. Introduction to European environmental law
- The legal concept of “environment”
- Environment and plurality of legal systems
- Environmental law and European constitutional law
- The institutional framework of the European Union (brief outline)
- The sources of European environmental law

Part II. Principles of European environmental law
- Environmental law and European integration
- Environmental protection in the European Treaties in force. The Treaty of Lisbon
- General principles of Union's action: The principle of sustainable development
- Environmental protection in the light of subsidiarity and solidarity
- Principle of integration
- Fundamental principles of the Union's environmental policies
- Principle that preventive action should be taken
- Precautionary principle
- Principle that environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source
- Principle that the polluter should pay


Part III. European decision-making processes and securities concerning environmental law
- Environmental protection and division of powers between the European Union and the Member States
- Objectives and criteria on Union policy on the environment
- European legislative proceedings
- European legislation on Environmental protection and its implementation within Member States
- General action programmes and soft law
- Art. 37 European Charter of Fundamental Rights
- The right to a healthy environment and the Court of Strasbourg

In addition to the materials provided by the lecturer, students are required to attend to the relevant parts of the recommended textbooks.
Students should also be in full possession of the fundamental texts of European law, such as, for example, P. Scarlatti (ed.), Codice essenziale di diritto costituzionale dell'Unione europea, Roma, Aracne, 2011.

We will explore the advent of fossil fuels with the emergence of the age of coal, then of hydrocarbons, and the most recent trend towards renewable energy sources. This will be done by analysing great power politics, political and economic debates on energy, the expansion of Fordism and consumerism, the role of multinational oil companies, the pressures stemming from decolonization and form the emergence of the environmentalist debate from the 1970s up to the more recent debate on the "Anthropocene" and "decarbonization".

Questions and concepts such as “resource curse”, “conservationism”, “Dutch disease”, “limits of growth”, "peak oil", "sustainable development", "extractivism", will be discussed and informed by the relevant literature (and possibly archival material), and with the help images and documentaries.

This course is taught in English.

For everyone (3 texts):

1. Bruce Podobnik, "Global Energy Shifts. Fostering Sustainability in a Turbulent Age"

2. Van De Graaf/Sovacool, "Global Energy Politics"

3. Giuliano Garavini, "The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the 20th Century"

For the "non frequentanti" for those who take 8CFU, add to the 3 compulsory readings one of these:

Ervand Abrahamian, "Oil Crisis in Iran: From Nationalism to Coup d'Etat"
Kate Aronoff, "Overheated: How Capitalism Broke the Planet - and How We can Fight Back"
Gretchen Bakke, "The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy Future"
Basosi/Garavini/Trentin, "Counter-Shock: the Oil Counter-Revolution of the 1980s"
Stehen Gross, "Energy and Power: Germany in the Age of Oil, Atoms and Climate Change"
Nicholas Georgescu-Rogan, "Energy and Economc Myths"
Amitav Ghosh, "The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable"
Thane Gustafson, "The Bridge: Natural Gas in a Redivided Europe"
Michael Herb, "The Wages of Oil. Parliaments and Economic Development in Kuwait and the UAE"
Jason Hickel, "Less is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World"
Per Hogselius, "Red Gas"
William Stanley Jevons, "The Coal Question"
Daniel Yergin, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power"
Naomi Klein, "This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate"
Leonardo Maugeri, "Beyond the Age of Oil: The Myths, Realities, and Future of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives"
Paasha Mahdavi, "Power Grab. Political Survival through Extractive Resource Nationalization"
Andreas Malm, "Fossil Capital. The Rise of the Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming"
Andreas Malm. "How to Blow Up a Pipeline"
Victor McFarland, "Oil Powers: A History of the US-Saudi Alliance"
Bernard Mommer, "Global Oil and the Nation State"
Bethany McLean, "The Smartest Guys in the Room. The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron"
Timothy Mitchell, "Carbon Democracy. Political Power in the Age of Oil"
Guillaume Pitron, "the Rare Metals War: the Dark Side of Clean Energy and Digital Technologies"
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, "The Oil Pentagon"
Simon Pirani, "Burning Up: A Global History of Fossil Fuels Consumption"
Luigi Piccioni, La cronologia di "altronovecento" dell'ambiente e dell'ambientalismo 1853-2000
Joachim Radkau, "The Age of Ecology: A Global History"
Thea Riofrancos, "Resource Radicals. From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador"
Henry Sanderson "Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green"
Myrna Santiago, "The Ecology of Oil. Environment, Labour and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938"
Van De Graaf/ Sovacoool, "Global Enegy Politics"
Robert Vitalis, "Oilcraft: The Myths of Scarcity and Security That Haunt US Energy Policy"
Tyler Volk, "CO2 Raising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge"
William Stanley Jevons, "The Coal Question"
Daniel Yergin, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power"
Naomi Klein, "This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate"
Leonardo Maugeri, "Beyond the Age of Oil: The Myths, Realities, and Future of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives"
Paasha Mahdavi, "Power Grab. Political Survival through Extractive Resource Nationalization"
Andreas Malm, "Fossil Capital. The Rise of the Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming"
Andreas Malm. "How to Blow Up a Pipeline"
Victor McFarland, "Oil Powers: A History of the US-Saudi Alliance"
Bernard Mommer, "Global Oil and the Nation State"
Bethany McLean, "The Smartest Guys in the Room. The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron"
Timothy Mitchell, "Carbon Democracy. Political Power in the Age of Oil"
Guillaume Pitron, "the Rare Metals War: the Dark Side of Clean Energy and Digital Technologies"
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, "The Oil Pentagon"
Simon Pirani, "Burning Up: A Global History of Fossil Fuels Consumption"
Luigi Piccioni, La cronologia di "altronovecento" dell'ambiente e dell'ambientalismo 1853-2000
Joachim Radkau, "The Age of Ecology: A Global History"
Thea Riofrancos, "Resource Radicals. From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador"
Henry Sanderson "Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green"
Myrna Santiago, "The Ecology of Oil. Environment, Labour and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938"
Van De Graaf/ Sovacoool, "Global Enegy Politics"
Robert Vitalis, "Oilcraft: The Myths of Scarcity and Security That Haunt US Energy Policy"
Tyler Volk, "CO2 Raising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge"

We will explore the advent of fossil fuels with the emergence of the age of coal, then of hydrocarbons, and the most recent trend towards renewable energy sources. This will be done by analysing great power politics, political and economic debates on energy, the expansion of Fordism and consumerism, the role of multinational oil companies, the pressures stemming from decolonization and form the emergence of the environmentalist debate from the 1970s up to the more recent debate on the "Anthropocene" and "decarbonization".

Questions and concepts such as “resource curse”, “conservationism”, “Dutch disease”, “limits of growth”, "peak oil", "sustainable development", "extractivism", will be discussed and informed by the relevant literature (and possibly archival material), and with the help images and documentaries.

This course is taught in English.

For everyone (3 texts):

1. Bruce Podobnik, "Global Energy Shifts. Fostering Sustainability in a Turbulent Age"

2. Van De Graaf/Sovacool, "Global Energy Politics"

3. Giuliano Garavini, "The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the 20th Century"

For the "non frequentanti" for those who take 8CFU, add to the 3 compulsory readings one of these:

Ervand Abrahamian, "Oil Crisis in Iran: From Nationalism to Coup d'Etat"
Kate Aronoff, "Overheated: How Capitalism Broke the Planet - and How We can Fight Back"
Gretchen Bakke, "The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy Future"
Basosi/Garavini/Trentin, "Counter-Shock: the Oil Counter-Revolution of the 1980s"
Stehen Gross, "Energy and Power: Germany in the Age of Oil, Atoms and Climate Change"
Nicholas Georgescu-Rogan, "Energy and Economc Myths"
Amitav Ghosh, "The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable"
Thane Gustafson, "The Bridge: Natural Gas in a Redivided Europe"
Michael Herb, "The Wages of Oil. Parliaments and Economic Development in Kuwait and the UAE"
Jason Hickel, "Less is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World"
Per Hogselius, "Red Gas"
William Stanley Jevons, "The Coal Question"
Daniel Yergin, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power"
Naomi Klein, "This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate"
Leonardo Maugeri, "Beyond the Age of Oil: The Myths, Realities, and Future of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives"
Paasha Mahdavi, "Power Grab. Political Survival through Extractive Resource Nationalization"
Andreas Malm, "Fossil Capital. The Rise of the Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming"
Andreas Malm. "How to Blow Up a Pipeline"
Victor McFarland, "Oil Powers: A History of the US-Saudi Alliance"
Bernard Mommer, "Global Oil and the Nation State"
Bethany McLean, "The Smartest Guys in the Room. The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron"
Timothy Mitchell, "Carbon Democracy. Political Power in the Age of Oil"
Guillaume Pitron, "the Rare Metals War: the Dark Side of Clean Energy and Digital Technologies"
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, "The Oil Pentagon"
Simon Pirani, "Burning Up: A Global History of Fossil Fuels Consumption"
Luigi Piccioni, La cronologia di "altronovecento" dell'ambiente e dell'ambientalismo 1853-2000
Joachim Radkau, "The Age of Ecology: A Global History"
Thea Riofrancos, "Resource Radicals. From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador"
Henry Sanderson "Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green"
Myrna Santiago, "The Ecology of Oil. Environment, Labour and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938"
Van De Graaf/ Sovacoool, "Global Enegy Politics"
Robert Vitalis, "Oilcraft: The Myths of Scarcity and Security That Haunt US Energy Policy"
Tyler Volk, "CO2 Raising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge"
William Stanley Jevons, "The Coal Question"
Daniel Yergin, "The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power"
Naomi Klein, "This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate"
Leonardo Maugeri, "Beyond the Age of Oil: The Myths, Realities, and Future of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives"
Paasha Mahdavi, "Power Grab. Political Survival through Extractive Resource Nationalization"
Andreas Malm, "Fossil Capital. The Rise of the Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming"
Andreas Malm. "How to Blow Up a Pipeline"
Victor McFarland, "Oil Powers: A History of the US-Saudi Alliance"
Bernard Mommer, "Global Oil and the Nation State"
Bethany McLean, "The Smartest Guys in the Room. The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron"
Timothy Mitchell, "Carbon Democracy. Political Power in the Age of Oil"
Guillaume Pitron, "the Rare Metals War: the Dark Side of Clean Energy and Digital Technologies"
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, "The Oil Pentagon"
Simon Pirani, "Burning Up: A Global History of Fossil Fuels Consumption"
Luigi Piccioni, La cronologia di "altronovecento" dell'ambiente e dell'ambientalismo 1853-2000
Joachim Radkau, "The Age of Ecology: A Global History"
Thea Riofrancos, "Resource Radicals. From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador"
Henry Sanderson "Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green"
Myrna Santiago, "The Ecology of Oil. Environment, Labour and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938"
Van De Graaf/ Sovacoool, "Global Enegy Politics"
Robert Vitalis, "Oilcraft: The Myths of Scarcity and Security That Haunt US Energy Policy"
Tyler Volk, "CO2 Raising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge"

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE COURSE PROGRAMME -

- Human rights in the philosophical perspective: ontological and epistemological approaches
- The psychological foundation of the fruition of fundamental rights: self-respect, self-trust and self-esteem
- The struggles for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflict: the analysis of society as a theory of justice
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathological turn
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Recognition and the free market: the sphere of consumption, labour markets and environmental sustainability
- Human rights in contemporary ethical debates
- Moral reflection, rights and legislation
- Rights and duties
- The challenges of our time

This course is taught in Italian.

1) HONNETH, Axel, "Il diritto della libertà. Lineamenti per un’eticità democratica", trad. C. Sandrelli, Codice Edizioni, Torino 2015 (si esclude la parte finale del libro, ovvero le pagine 358-481).

2) HONNETH, Axel, ANDERSON, Joel., "Autonomia, vulnerabilità, riconoscimento e giustizia", in "Lotte, riconoscimento, diritti", a cura di Carnevale, A., Strazzeri, I., Morlacchi Editore, Perugia 2011, pp. 107-142 (l'articolo in questione è reperibile nella sezione FILES del Team TEORIA DEI DIRITTI UMANI AA2023/2024 sulla piattaforma MICROSOFT TEAMS). In the case of denied access to the platform TEAMS and for any difficulties in acquiring the article in question, please, contact the teacher promptly.

3) PONGIGLIONE, Francesca, "I diritti umani nel dibattito etico contemporaneo", Carocci, Roma 2019.

Course Learning Objectives and Skill Acquisition
This course consists in two modules. The first deals with basic concepts in Energy Economics as the distribution of sources and consumption patterns at the geographical level, the analysis of demand and supply of different energy sources and the use of energy by sectors. World energy outlook scenarios are deeply investigated. The second part of the course allows students gathering main analytical tools to consider jointly energy issues and climate change impacts. The economic analysis of policy impacts over the long term and burden sharing issues in the international bargaining process are also analyzed. At the end of the course students will be able to understand global energy and climate reports, conduct their own impact analysis and be familiar with main simulation models.

Assessment
The course assessment will be based on two small dissertations that the students will write and present after the end of each part of the course, one on Energy Economics and one on Climate Policy issues, and on a final written exam formed by 5 open questions.

Course general schedule
Part I: Energy Economics
1. World Energy Outlook
2. Energy security and energy poverty
2. Fossil fuels economics
3. Energy price mechanisms
4. Alternative energy sources and clean energy technologies
Part II: Climate Change Policy
5. The science of climate change
6. Climate change impacts
7. Vulnerability and adaptation
8. Mitigation policies
7. The European low-carbon strategy

Detailed Teaching Agenda
Lecture #1: Introduction, practical information, data collection of participants
Part I: Energy Economics
Lecture #2: Introduction to the energy markets, composition of the energy mix
Lecture #3: Demand and supply, peculiarities of the energy markets
Lecture #4: How to read an energy balance: dimensions, sectors, sources
Lecture #5: Global energy markets and scenario building
Lecture #6: Energy price mechanisms: substitution elasticities
Lecture #7: Energy price mechanisms: the rebound effect
Lecture #8: Energy security and energy poverty
Lecture #9: Renewable sources: introduction and taxonomy
Lecture #10: Renewable sources: technological innovation and policy support
Lecture #11: The biofuels case: pros and cons of an eco-innovation
Lecture #12: Energy efficiency and policy support
Lecture #13: The EU Energy strategy: targets and policy instruments
Lecture #14: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Lecture #15: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part I
Part II: Climate Change Policy
Lecture #16: The science of climate change
Lecture #17: Climate change impacts and economic damage
Lecture #18: Vulnerability and adaptation concepts
Lecture #19: The international institutional architecture for climate change
Lecture #20: Political bargaining at the international and level
Lecture #21: Mitigation actions and policy instruments
Lecture #22: The Emission Trading System and the EU experience
Lecture #23: The linkages between mitigation and economic performance
Lecture #24: Flexible mechanisms and developing countries
Lecture #25: The EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #26: Scenario building and policy impact evaluation
Lecture #27: The case of the EU long-term low-carbon strategy
Lecture #28: The case of the Green Climate Fund
Lecture #29: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II
Lecture #30: Open laboratory and intermediate assignment for Part II

Teaching material will be available to students in a dedicated Dropbox folder, whose link is given on the Moodle platform.
Textbooks (available in the corresponding folders for Lecture number)
Bhattacharyya S.C. (2011), Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance, UK: Springer-Verlag. Chapters: 1, 2, 3 (pp. 41-61), 4 (pp.77-81), 5 (sect. 5.1.1-5.1.5), 6 (excl. 6.5), 7 (Appendix excluded for all chapters).
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), World Energy Outlook 2017. Chapters: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2016), Energy Efficiency Indicators. (pages 5-10).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Synthesis Report. (pages 1-31).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Part A. (pages 1-32).
IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change (pages 41-107).
Tol R.S.J. (2014), Climate Economics: Economic Analysis of Climate, Climate Change and Climate Policy, Edward Elgar Publ. Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Software R-studio and R: installation and main features. Project creation in R studio. First step with R: elementary operations, descriptive statistics, graphs. Statistical inference refresher. Sampling distribution, confidence intervals and tests. Environmental data. Maximum likelihood estimation. Linear models: parameter estimation, model selection and goodness of fit. Generalized linear models: parameter estimation, model selection and goodness of fit. Logistic regression. Poisson regression.

Carsten Dormann (2020) Environmental Data Analysis: An introduction with Examples in R, Springer

CONTENT

PART I – TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Definition of sustainability: link between transport, environment and development
Preserving resilient transport to climate change
Wide reforms on a low-carbon path
Financing issues for mitigation and adaptation

PART II – URBAN FREIGHT AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
Relevance of sustainable urban freight transport
Stakeholders involved and their role
Types of intervention measures, innovative solutions and best practices
Behavioural analysis and planning

This course is taught in English.

Required readings:

Block, R., Kopp, A., Limi, A. (2013). Turning the right corner : ensuring development through a low-carbon transport sector. Directions in development: environment and sustainable development. Washington DC; World Bank.

Curtis C. (2020). Handbook of Sustainable Transport. Research Handbooks in Transport Studies series. Edward Elgar, USA.

Marcucci E., Gatta V., Le Pira M. (2023). Handbook on City Logistics and Urban Freight. Edward Elgar, UK.

Articles published in High-Quality Scientific Journals will be provided during the course

The course is structured in 4 parts (9 CFU):

1) An overview of the European Union’s history, politics and institutional developments: from the European Community of the 1970s to the EU of the 2000s.

2) Environmental challenges and politics in an international history perspective, from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 to the Paris Agreement of 2015: conservation; global threats; multilateral negotiations; and the rise of climate change in international politics.

3) The roots and development of the EU environmental policy within the context of its energy policy, external relations and foreign policy.

4) Students’ short papers and presentations (see list of recommended readings/bibliography).

1. Afionis Stavros, The European Union in International Climate Change Negotiations, London, Routledge, 2017;
2. Jordan Andrew, Gravey Viviane(eds), Environmental policy in the EU: actors, institutions and processes, (fourth edition), London, Routledge, 2021, pp. 1-276;
3. Kaiser Wolfram, Meyer Jan-Henrik (eds), International Organizations and Environmental Protection. Conservation and Globalization in the Twentieth Century, New York, Berghahn Books, 2016, pp. 1-102; 153-267; 293-333.