The course aims to offer: (1) an introduction to the Hellenistic world, to the new phenomenon of royalty and to the world of the Greek poleis at that time: greek poleis’ political institutions (in the aspects of continuity and evolution), their relationship to the sovereigns, the role of the élite and the intense mutual relationship between them, made of diplomatic relations, exchange of honors and judges, recognition of syngeneia, common participation in cults. The topics will be addressed taking into account literary, epigraphic, archaeological and iconographic sources. (2) An introduction to the main databases of Greek literary texts and inscriptions and to the most important bibliographic research tools. (3) The presentation by the students of some topics related to the course and agreed with the teacher.

A) M. Mari (a cura di), L’età ellenistica. Società, politica, cultura, Roma, Carocci Editore, 2019 (entire volume).
B) J. Ma, “Peer Polity Interaction in the Hellenistic Age”, P&P, 180, 9-40.
C) Essays by John Ma, Riet van Bremen, Patrice Baker, David Potter, Angelos Chaniotis in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford 2003.
D) L. Moretti, “La scuola, il ginnasio, l’efebia”, in R. Bianchi Bandinelli (dir.), Storia e civiltà dei Greci, 8. La società ellenistica. Economia, diritto, religione, Milano 1977, 469-490.
E) Chr. Müller, “Oligarchy and the Hellenistic City”, in H. Börm – N. Luraghi (eds.), The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart, F. Steiner Verlag, 2018, 27-52.
F) Material provided by the teacher.

The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

Bibliografia

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allo studio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• E. MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna , 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237- 426(ristampa 2010)
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

Codicology
The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of manuscripts, Latin and Greek, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, the external characteristics of the manuscript will be examined (material techniques for preparing the book as a physical object, ways and means of production, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), as well as the cultural landscape of the times and places of origin of the manuscript books. An in-depth study will be devoted to the methods and problems of description of the late medieval codices. This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Course title 2020-2021: Purity and pollution, guilt and sin, contamination and contagion in Ancient Christianity
Teaching articulation: 6 CFU
Semester: I

Course description:
Christians inherit from the Jewish world a corpus of Scriptures that they reinterpret in the light of Jesus' message: among them, a prescriptive book like Leviticus which, through a sophisticated classification system, regulates rites and behaviors. The detailed description of the sources of pollution (unclean animals, corpses of animals, blood, diseases such as leprosy, illicit sexual intercourse, etc.) and the rites necessary to restore the state of purity, acquires, in Christian reading, new and multiple meanings, expressions of different Christianities. These interpretations are rooted in specific conceptions of the relationships that must exist between God, the world and man and are often able to provide the faithful with answers to the questions raised by personal misfortune, natural disasters, illnesses; furthermore, they contribute to determine an alternative religious system to Judaism and the Greco-Roman religious world.
The course aims to focus attention on some texts - chosen as emblematic of different conceptions and practices - and to reconstruct their cultural assumptions through an appropriate historical contextualization.

Bibliography:
For attending students:
M.Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, London 1966 ( and further editions)
Sources provided during the course
The attending studendts are expected to write a short paper on a chosen topic
For non attending students:
M.Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, London 1966 (and further editions)
The non attending students are expected to read one of the following books:
P.Sacchi, Sacro/profano impuro/puro nella Bibbia e dintorni, Morcelliana, Brescia 2007.
A.Destro-M.Pesce, Antropologia delle origini cristiane, Laterza, Bari 1995.
F. Vecoli, Il sole e il fango. Puro e impuro tra i padri del deserto, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma 2007.
M.Poorthuis – J.Schwartz (eds.), Purity and Holiness. The Heritage of Leviticus, Brill,
Leiden 2000.

Christian and Medieval Iconography (I Semester - 6 CFU)

Sarcophagi in Late Antiquity

The course will give the students a method which is necessary to read the themes depicted in the plastic funerary production of Rome, Arles, Ravenna and Constantinople, observing similarities and differences, both stylistic and chronological. Lessons will retrace the itinerary of roman and mediterranean ateliers, which carved specially sarcophagi, in marble or local stone, with neutral, christian or symbolic scenes. Will be analyzed the main centers of production, such as Rome, Ostia, Arles, Ravenna, Milan and Constantinople.

Assignment:
F. Bisconti, H. Brandenburg (edd.), Sarcofagi tardoantichi, paleocristiani ed altomedievali, Città del Vaticano 2004.
Handouts provided during lessons.

Not attending students must add to the Assignment:
F. Bisconti, Temi di Iconografia Paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000: Introduction and a choice of 20 iconographical entries.

The second section of the Byzantine civilization teaching, addressed to graduate students of Classics, History and Art, aims to re-open the historical dossier on the fall/conquest of Constantinople after forty years from the premature death of the best scholar on this subject, Agostino Pertusi, trying to complete his research on unedited and edited historical sources on the event.

Firstly, this section shall try to reconstruct the different phases of the siege and of the final battle on the 29th of May 1453, in which the Osman Turks of Mehmet II Fatîh brought to an end, at least politically, the Byzantine empire and the eleventh centuries of Byzantine life.

The analysis of the events shall be done by a comparative reading and a precise exegesis of ‘official’ sources of both the sides, namely Byzantine (George Sphrantzes, Doukas, Critobulos, Laonikos Calcondilas) and western sources (Isidore of Kiev, Leonard of Chios, Niccolò Barbaro) but also islamic ones, particularly those of the Ottoman Chroniclers of the cohort of Mehmet II (Tursun Beg e Ibn Kemâl).

To this first group of sources, which, although they are known to the historians, could yet still be given other interpretations, we shall add the exploration of less known attestations, which are either partially edited or still unedited. These attestations are actually memorials of different sort that various observers from different lineage and nations wrote, to be used by powerful people of whom they were or could be considered emissaries: the so-called ‘spies’voices’ that are yet to be considered in the historical evaluation of the battle of the 29th of May 1453.

- S. Ronchey, Lo Stato bizantino, Torino, Einaudi, 2002

- A. Pertusi (a c. di), La caduta di Costantinopoli, 2 voll., Fondazione Lorenzo Valla / Mondadori, Milano 1976

First semester (six weeks).
Monday and Wednesday, 12-14 hours, STREAMING LESSON.
Friday, 9-11 hours, Aula 15, LESSON IN PRESENCE
Beginning of the course: Monday, October 5th, 2020.

Course title 2020-2021: A Diogneto

The course aims to deepen, according to various perspectives of investigation (philological, linguistic, literary, historical, doctrinal) the discourse of the protrettic genre that an anonymous author, probably around the end of the second century, addressed to the pagan Diognetus. From its discovery onwards, this work, composed in a very elegant Greek and transmitted to us by a single manuscript, continues to arouse great interest for its message on the relationship between Christians and the "world", as well as numerous questions about its literary unity and many passages, problematic from the point of view of the critique of the text.

A Diogneto. Introduzione, testo critico, traduzione e note di commento a cura di F. RUGGIERO, Roma: Città Nuova, 2020.

General section.
For students who have never taken an exam in Ancient Christian Literature: M. SIMONETTI - E. PRINZIVALLI, Storia della letteratura cristiana antica, Bologna: EDB, 2010.
For students who have already taken exams in Ancient Christian Literature: H.Y. GAMBLE, Libri e lettori nella chiesa antica, Brescia: Paideia, 2006.

First semester (six weeks).
Monday and Wednesday, 12-14 hours, STREAMING LESSON.
Friday, 9-11 hours, Aula 15, LESSON IN PRESENCE
Beginning of the course: Monday, November 16th, 2020.

Course title 2020-2021: The Gospel of Nicodemus and its tradition.

The traditions on the Passion-Death-Resurrection of Jesus are contained not only in works that have become canonical, but also, and to a much wider extent, in an apocryphal literary production, interesting both from the point of view of content and from that of the phenomena of transmission that characterize it, paradigmatic of the fortune of texts without a statute of authority. The course aims to deepen the literary history of the Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as the Acts of Pilate, the most successful and widespread apocryphal on Passion-Death-Resurrection among Christians of all ages and languages, transmitted by more than five hundred manuscripts and subject to adaptations and rewriting of all kinds (homilies, sacred representations, novels, poems), which in the sixth century led, among other things, to the addition of the long and famous description of the Descensus ad inferos of Christ.

Lesson materials (critical editions, translations, scientific bibliography) will be provided by the teacher.

General section: a text to choose between
P. CHIESA, Elementi di critica testuale. Seconda edizione, Bologna: Pàtron, 2012;
R. MAISANO, Filologia del Nuovo Testamento. La tradizione e la trasmissione dei testi, Roma: Carocci, 2014.

The development of the Etruscan cities in the Orientalizing and Archaic period (end of 8th - beginning of 5th cent. B.C.)

See under "Italiano" !

The course will focus on Aristotle, Categories, 1-5.
Aristotle's text will be explained in detail and the following aspects will be considered:
1: The distinction between homonyms, synonyms, and paronyms
2: The relations “dici de subiecto” / “esse in subiecto” and Aristotle's list of the categories
3: Aristotle’s account of substance

[a] Aristotle, Categories, Translated with a Commentary by J. Ackrill, Clarendon Press, Oxford 2002, ch. 1-5, pp. 3-12 (text); 69-91 (Commentary).

[b] M. Vegetti – F. Ademollo, Incontro con Aristotele, Einaudi, Torino, 2016.
R. Smith, Aristotle’s Logic, “The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/
P. Studtmann, Aristotle’s Categories, “The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-categories/

[c] Students are required to prepare a paper in Italian or English (3.000 words) about one of the following topics:

[i] Categories, dialectic and metaphysics
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
S. Menn, Metaphysics, Dialectic and the Categories, “Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale”, 100, 1995, 311-337.

[ii] Inherence and predication
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
G.E.L. Owen, Inherence, “Phronesis”, 10, 1965, 97-105.
R. Heinaman, Non-substantial Individuals in the Categories, “Phronesis”, 26, 1981, 295-307.

[iii] Substance and individuals
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
M. Frede, Individuals in Aristotle, in Essays in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford 1987, 49-71.

The course will reconstruct the historical evolution of cartography, retracing the modes of representation from antiquity to the eighteenth-century geodetic revolution, up to the creation of the Military Geographic Institute. Particular emphasis will be given to the deconstruction of geocartographic materials, to their use in geo-historical research for the study of landscape transformations.

a. Attending students:
The exam will focus on the topics covered in class, on slides in ppt and supplementary learning material provided during the course.

b. Non-Attending Students:
E. Boria, Storia della cartografia in Italia dall’Unità a oggi. Tra scienza, società e progetti di potere, Milano, Utet, 2020 (pp.XI-299)

This course will address the growing, from about mid-thirteenth-century, of a new kind of poetry, focused on the analytical description of passion and of the physiological and psichological effects of love on the lover, on the praise of the beloved woman and of his ennobling power, and on man as a rational being. The beginnings and the various outcomes of this poetic manner, traditionally labelled as ‘stil novo’, will be investigated through a close reading of the oeuvre of the three main poets of Italian Duecento: Guido Guinizelli, Guido Cavalcanti, the young Dante Alighieri. Special attention will be paid: (1) to the philosophical knowledge that substantiates their poetry and to the intellectualistic character of their works; (2) to the dialogue that they established among themselves, with other poets (such as Guittone d’Arezzo and Bonagiunta da Lucca) and intellectuals.

Students will read in depth the following texts:

- texts by Guinizelli in "Poesie dello Stilnovo", a cura di Marco Berisso (Milano: Bur-Rizzoli, 2006), pp. 69-87.
- Guido Cavalcanti, "Rime", a cura di Roberto Rea e Giorgio Inglese (Roma: Carocci editore, 2011 and reprints).
- Dante Alighieri, "Vita nova", a cura di Stefano Carrai (Milano: BUR, 2009 and reprints).
- Enrico Fenzi, "La canzone d’amore di Guido Cavalcanti e i suoi antichi commenti" (Milano: Ledizioni, 2015, pp. 1-174; first Edition: Genova, Il melangolo, 1999).

On Moodle students will find some other texts discussed during lectures and the Power Point presentations that highlight some key-points.
Lessons of the 12 and 19 November, devoted to Cavalcanti and to the medical literature on the pathology of love, have been recorded and are available on Stream.

Further readings:

- R. Antonelli, «Cavalcanti o dell’interiorità», in «Critica del Testo» IV, 2001, 1. «Alle origini dell'io lirico. Cavalcanti o dell'interiorità» (2001), pp. 1–21 (available through Discovery).
- F. Bruni, «Semantica della sottigliezza» (1978), in Id., «Testi e chierici del medioevo» (Genova: Marietti, 1991), pp. 91–134.
- G. Gorni, «La Beatrice di Dante, dal tempo all’eterno», in D. Alighieri, «Vita Nova», a cura di L. C. Rossi (Milano: Mondadori, 1999), pp. V-LX.
- E. Pasquini, «Il “dolce stil novo”», in «Storia della letteratura italiana», a c. di Enrico Malato, vol. I. t. 2. «Prosa e poesia del Duecento. Dante» (Milano: Il Sole 24 ore, 2005), 649–721.

Students not attending lectures will also read:
- P. Borsa, «La nuova poesia di Guido Guinizelli» (Firenze: Cadmo, 2007).
They are strongly encouraged to get in touch with the teacher, in order to discuss the preparation of the exam.

The course aims to provide the necessary tools and skills for teaching Italian to non-native speakers, with particular attention to the school context. It will illustrate the learning/teaching contexts of Italian L1 and L2, the models of Italian, the relationship between teaching, norms and variation, the conditioning exercised by the educational tools and in particular the textbooks adopted in secondary school. At the end of the course students will learn about the relevant topics of L1 and L2 Italian didactics and the parameters useful for evaluating the effectiveness of a textbook.

Diadori, PIerangela / Palermo, Massimo / Troncarelli, Daniela (2015), Insegnare italiano come seconda lingua, Roma, Carocci.
De Roberto, Elisa (a cura di ) (2020). Fuori e dentro il libro di italiano. Grammatiche e antologie nella scuola secondaria, Firenze, Cesati.

Private forms of Early Christian cult

Assignment:

C. Sfameni, Residenze e culti in età tardoantica, Scienze e lettere, Roma 2014.

Not attending students must add to the Assignment:

C. Sfameni, Ville residenziali in età tardoantica, Edipuglia, Bari 2006.

On the basis of documents and contemporary testimonies to the different linguistic phenomena, the course will illustrate some aspects of linguistic communication in Latin, considered in its diachronic development (from protohistory to the Romance) and in its various registers (standard and informal). The reading and analysis of various texts regarding Latin technical-scientific and didactic literature is aimed at providing the tools to grasp the specificities of the historical evolution of the Latin language and to identify its morphosyntactic and stylistic peculiarities. For this purpose the course consists of:
(1) A number of lessons minded in particular to offer an overview of the history of the Latin language from its origins up to the 6th century A.D., through the reconstruction of its evolution in the dimension of language of everyday use and literary language;
(2) Setting, reading, italian translation and commentary of texts included in Latin technical-scientific (by Cato, Varro, Celsus, Apicius, Vitruvius, Mela, Seneca, Plinius senior, Frontinis, Vegetius) and didactic literature (by Virgilius, Anonymous of Aetna, Columella, Grattius, Nemesianus).

Point 1:
- (a) I. Mazzini, Storia della lingua latina e del suo contesto. Linguistica e lingua letteraria, Vol. 1, Roma, Salerno Editrice, 2007.
- (b) Further bibliography and tools about the texts in the syllabus will be given during the course, and made available on line at the url of the course.

Point 2:
- (a) P. Parroni, La poesia del mondo naturale, in A. Fusi-A. Luceri-P. Parroni-G. Piras (a cura di), Lo Spazio Letterario di Roma antica, vol. VI (I Testi. 1 – Poesia), Roma, Salerno Editrice, 2009, pp. 214-279.
- (b) A. Luceri-P. Parroni-G. Piras, La letteratura tecnico-scientifica ed erudita, in A. Fusi-A. Luceri-P. Parroni-G. Piras (a cura di), Lo Spazio Letterario di Roma antica, vol. VII (I Testi. 2 – Prosa), Roma, Salerno Editrice, 2012, pp. 597-798.


Non-attending students will integrate the program with the individual study of the following text:

- Elena Malaspina, La comunicazione linguistica in latino. Testimonianze e documenti, Seconda edizione riveduta e ampliata con la collaborazione di Ermanno Malaspina, Alessandria, Ediz. dell’Orso, 2014.

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Students will be introduced to the political crisis which ensued the death of Nero in 68 A.D. and the
following convulsions during the short reigns of Galba, Otho and Vitellius. It will be stressed how on
December 21 69 A.D. Vespasian’s position was officially confirmed by the Senate, but he remained quite
frank about the military origin of his rule. He dated his powers to July 1, when the troops had acclaimed
him, thus flouting constitutional precedent and contradicting even the behaviour of his rival Vitellius, who
had awaited confirmation by the Senate. Later Vespasian received by law a number of powers for which his
Julio-Claudian predecessors had not sought explicit sanction. .
A part of the course will be dedicated to the building developments of the period in Rome (domus
Transitoria and domus Aurea). There will two archaeologists' lessons in particular about the Transitoria
domus, which can now be visited.

G.Geraci-A. Marcone- Storia Romana (editio maior), Le Monnier Università,
Mondadori Education, Milano 2017.
G.Geraci-A. Marcone- Fonti per la storia romana, Le Monnier Università, Mondadori
Education, Milano 2019.
In Storia di Roma Einaudi ( A. Schiavone ed), vol. II, 2 “I principi e il mondo”,
Torino 1991, the papers of W. Eck, E. lo Cascio and Mario Pani.

“The inscriptions of the praetorian prefects”
The long history of the praetorian prefecture stretches for six centuries between the late Augustan age and the Justinian age. The life, social origin, culture and career, skills and activity, the profile and extension of the mandate of its owners, i.e. the praetorian prefects, changed over time, and significantly in the first half of the Fourth century. The transformation of the office, its being at first dangerously close and then definitively distant from the person of the Emperor, without institutional roots either in Rome or in the cities of the Roman Empire, had important epigraphic consequences: first of all on the typology and conservation of the inscribed monuments, made in honour of the prefects and made by the prefects themselves, then on the consistency and representativeness of the surviving epigraphic heritage. The student faces the analysis and interpretation of the epigraphic texts relating to the holders of the prefecture between the First and Sixth centuries: he is called upon to reflect on the historical contextualization of careers and to formulate hypotheses on the paths of realization and conservation of the inscribed monuments.

Attending Students: Handouts (xerocopies and PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, Rome (Carocci) 2009 [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 49,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Course title:
Monastic traditions of the Latin West: the Regula monachorum by Isidore of Seville

Course description:
The monographic module intends in the first place to retrace the origins and typologies of the monastic phenomenon - notoriously one of the most characteristic expressions of religious and cultural history of the Middle Ages -, and then to analyze, with particular attention to the lexicon and the use of sources, the Regula monachorum by Isidore of Seville, a text that has not been studied so far, but due to one of the greatest auctoritates of medieval culture. - As part of the module, exercises will also be activated aimed at guiding the knowledge and use of the main bibliographic and IT tools for the study and research on Middle Latin authors.

1. Isidorus Hispalensis, Regula monachorum, ed. J. Campos Ruiz, in: Santos Padres españoles, II : San Leandro, San Isidoro, San Fructuoso. Reglas monásticas de la España visigoda. Los tres libros de las ‘Sentencias’, Madrid 1971 (Bibl. de Auctores Cristianos, vol. 321), pp. 90-124.

2. M. Di Marco, Note sulla terminologia monastica di Isidoro di Siviglia:aspetti istituzionali strutturali e materiali della vita cenobitica, in Latinitas S.N. III/1 (2015), pp. 55-85.
Id., Dum ad dormiendum uadunt. Note sul lessico isidoriano relativo alle tentazioni notturne dei monaci (Isid. reg. monach. 13), in Paideia LXXIII (2018), pp. 1953-1967.
Id., ‘Psalmorum spiritalia sacramenta’ : note sul lessico liturgico-rituale nella ‘Regula monachorum’ di Isidoro di Siviglia, in Latinitas S.N. VII/1 (2019), pp. 65-83.

3. F. Trisoglio, Introduzione a Isidoro di Siviglia, Ed. Morcelliana, Brescia 2009.

4. Un volume a scelta fra i seguenti:
- M. Pacaut, Monaci e religiosi nel Medioevo, trad.it., Ed. Il Mulino, Bologna 2007.
- A. Rapetti, Storia del monachesimo medievale, Ed. Il Mulino, Bologna 2013.

Optional readings:

- G. M. Colombás, El monacato primitivo, Madrid 2004.
- M. Dunn, The Emergence of Monasticism. From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages, Oxford 2003.
- J. C. Martín Iglesias, Réflexions sur la tradition manuscrite de trois oeuvres d'Isidore de Séville: le De natura rerum, la Regula monachorum et le De origine Getarum, Vandalorum, Sueborum, in Filologia Mediolatina. Studies in Medieval Latin Texts and Transmission XI (2004), pp. 205-263.
- S. Pricoco, Il monachesimo, Ed. Laterza, Roma-Bari 2003.

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

The course is intended to provide the knowledge about the Hellenistic painting in the Mediterranean through the acquisition of methodological instruments useful to understanding the pictorial experience in all its aspects (formal and stylistic, iconographic and technical). Within the course, the forms and contents of painting will be analyzed in their social and political use, embedded in the historical and cultural context. Very closely related artistic genres will also be explored, such as the figured floor mosaic and the painted stucco wall systems that developed in this period.

Main reference texts:
S. Miller Grobel, Hellenistic Painting in the Eastern Mediterranean, Mid-Fourth to Mid-First Century B.C.in The Cambridge History of Painting in the Classical World, edited by J.J. Pollitt, New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 170-237.
Pittura ellenistica in Italia e in Sicilia. Linguaggi e tradizioni, a cura di G.F. la Torre, M. Torelli, Roma 2012 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
Ricerche di pittura ellenistica : lettura e interpretazione della produzione pittorica dal IV secolo A.C. all’ellenismo, Roma 1985 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
H. Brecoulaki, La peinture funéraire de Macédoine. Emplois et fonctions de la couleur IVe-IIe s. av. J.-C. – Research Centre for Greek and Roman Antiquity National Hellenic Research Foundation, Paris: De Boccard, 2006 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
Additional material will be available during the course,
Students not attending should contact the lecturer during the consultation times or by e-mail.

Presentation of the essential notions of the typology, such as the relationship between typology and universals, the notion of 'type' at the various analysis levels, and the relationship of typology with sociolinguistics, language teaching, areal comparison, and genetic comparison. Deepening of the mechanisms and explanations of linguistic change, also from the typological perspective. Reflection on the concepts of grammaticalization and reanalysis. Case study on the diachronic typology of the perfect.

Grandi, N., 2003, Fondamenti di tipologia linguistica, Roma, Carocci.
Napoli, M., 2019, Linguistica diacronica, Roma Carocci.

The actual methods of conducting the lessons, including the possibility of visits to museums and archaeological sites, will be communicated shortly before the start of the course (second semester)

1. lecture notes

2. exhibition catalog "Roma. La pittura di un impero", Stefano Tortorella, Serena Ensoli, Eugenio La Rocca (eds.), Skira

3. Stella Falzone, Ornata Aedificia. Pitture parietali delle case ostiensi, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato

The course is an introduction to pragmatics; it presents a vision of language as action. First, it focuses on some fundamental notions developed in philosophy of language, within the speech act theory. Secondly, it takes into consideration the study of discursive and interactional activities, by presenting some authors and theories, from linguistics and sociology, that, since the 1960s, have investigated the use of language in interaction.

Selected chapters from:
Caffi, C. (2009). Pragmatica. Sei lezioni. Roma: Carocci editore.
Fele, G. (2007). L'analisi della conversazione. Bologna: il Mulino.

During the course, students will find, on the Moodle platform, selected readings on specific topics, notions and authors.

"Cena Trimalchionis": critical framework, integral reading in latin, translation and commentary of chapters 26.7 to 78.8 of Petronius’ Satyricon: form and meaning of a unicum in the Latin literary tradition.

In the case of an extension of the health emergency from COVID-19, all the provisions that regulate the ways of carrying out the teaching activities and student assessment will be implemented. In particular as regards lessons and the dissemination of teaching materials, Moodle and/or Teams platforms will be used.

- G.F. Gianotti, La cena di Trimalchione. Dal “Satyricon” di Petronio, Acireale-Roma (Bonanno Editore); as a reference text for the entire novel: Petronio Arbitro, Satyricon. Introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Aragosti, Milano (ed. BUR).

- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the program will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.

“The inscriptions of the praetorian prefects”
The long history of the praetorian prefecture stretches for six centuries between the late Augustan age and the Justinian age. The life, social origin, culture and career, skills and activity, the profile and extension of the mandate of its owners, i.e. the praetorian prefects, changed over time, and significantly in the first half of the Fourth century. The transformation of the office, its being at first dangerously close and then definitively distant from the person of the Emperor, without institutional roots either in Rome or in the cities of the Roman Empire, had important epigraphic consequences: first of all on the typology and conservation of the inscribed monuments, made in honour of the prefects and made by the prefects themselves, then on the consistency and representativeness of the surviving epigraphic heritage. The student faces the analysis and interpretation of the epigraphic texts relating to the holders of the prefecture between the First and Sixth centuries: he is called upon to reflect on the historical contextualization of careers and to formulate hypotheses on the paths of realization and conservation of the inscribed monuments.

Attending Students: Handouts (xerocopies and PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, Rome (Carocci) 2009 [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 49,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.

Petronius’ Satyricon: the “shipwreck chapters”: philological reading of the chapters 100-115 of the novel.

In the case of an extension of the health emergency from COVID-19, all the provisions that regulate the ways of carrying out the teaching activities and student assessment will be implemented. In particular as regards lessons and the dissemination of teaching materials, Moodle and/or Teams platforms will be used.

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);

- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line at the url of the course]

- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura);

- G. Vannini, Petronii Arbitri Satyricon 100-115. Edizione critica e commento, Berlin-New York (de Gruyter) [introduction and critical text of this book will be made available on line at the url of the course]; as a reference text for the entire novel: Petronio Arbitro, Satyricon. Introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Aragosti, Milano (ed. BUR).

- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the syllabus will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.


- Ulteriori letture e materiali relativi al programma saranno indicati durante il corso e/o depositati nell’apposito sito telematico dell’insegnamento.

Women and faith in Middle Ages: feminine protagonism or social compulsion?
The lessons want to analyse the link between women’s experience and religious life in Middle Ages. Specifically, they question the objectives, the forms and ways of this participation. Is it a form of social compulsion in which women are submitted to men’s predominance – as in social dimension of family happens – or they are able to find a personal fulfilment thanks to religious dimension, also because they escape familiar contest? Which link is established with men, which are still present in religious and ecclesiastical contest like spiritual counsellors, religious Order’s founders or popes? We will try to ask these questions and others through the study of some of the most representative figures of the medieval period like Clare of Assisi, Frances of Rome, Catherine of Siena, Angela of Foligno and others. The lessons will be seminars in which we will dialogue and discuss different ideas.

1) Learning material - lecture notes and/or pdf depending on the evolution of the plague - will be elaborated during the lessons with attending students on the basis of: A. Bartolomei, Santità e mistica femminile nel medioevo, Spoleto 2013. Non-attending students must study all chapters of A. Bartolomei, Santità e mistica femminile nel medioevo, Spoleto 2013. For a deal with the publisher (CISAM) it is possible to buy the book online with a discount of 50%.

2) G. Vitolo, Medioevo. I caratteri originali di un'età di transizione, Sansoni 2000: only for students who have never taken an exam of medieval history

3) All students must develop a subject of medieval history in an essay that must be arranged with the teacher during the class for the attendees, in the teacher’s office for non-attending students.

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1. Characters from the medieval world in Dante's Comedy.
2. Benedetto Croce and Italian literature.

1. A good commented edition, even scholastic, on the Divine Comedy; E. Pasquini, Vita di Dante. I giorni e le opere, Milano, Rizzoli; G. Gorni, Dante. Storia di un visionario, Roma-Bari, Laterza; E. Auerbach, Studi su Dante, Milano, Feltrinelli; also, for consultation: Nel Duecento di Dante: i personaggi, a cura di F. Suitner, Firenze, Le Lettere.

2. B. Croce, La poesia, Milano, Adelphi, a cura di G. Galasso; R. Wellek, Storia della critica moderna, vol. VIII, Francia, Italia e Spagna 1900-1950, Bologna, Il Mulino; P. D'Angelo, Il problema Croce, Macerata, Quodlibet; P. Craveri- K. E. Lönne-G. Patrizi, Croce, Benedetto, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, also online: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benedetto-croce_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ .

- Students will also read two classics of Italian literature, with appropriate critical comments, which will be indicated during the course. Further information on the texts to be prepared will be provided during the lessons.

The epistolaries of humanists. The course intends to deepen the development of epistolary production, starting from the rebirth of the genre by Petrarch and from the new relationship established therewith correspondents, formed in a friendly and intellectual network, to continue with the epistolaries of humanism (Coluccio Salutati, Leonardo Bruni, Poggio Bracciolini and others) until the sixteenth-century refoundation with the Letters of Pietro Aretino, the first example of a vulgar epistolary, and the letters of Bembo with their complex textual architecture.

F. Petrarca, Familiarum rerum libri, e Sine nomine, in any edition, also on line.
Selected passages from the letters of Coluccio Salutati, P. Aretino, P. Bembo and others, available on line, will be indicated during the course.

The course will focus on wonders and monsters in medieval and Renaissance literature, from Marco Polo to Torquato Tasso. Moreover, motifs in Encyclopedic texts, travel writings, and strictly literary texts will be examined and discussed.

Bibliography:

Required Text Books (1, 2):
1. Primary Works: Course lecture notes, provided by the professor (Files shared in Microsoft Teams);
2. Criticism (files provided by the professor and shared in Microsoft Teams):
a) F. Cardini, I viaggi immaginari, in Viaggiare nel Medioevo, a cura di S. Gensini, Roma-Pisa, Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali-Pacini, 2000, pp. 493-516;
b) G.R. Cardona, I viaggi e le scoperte, in Letteratura italiana, vol. V: Le questioni, Torino, Einaudi, 1986, pp. 687-716;
c) M. Ciccuto, Le meraviglie d’Oriente nelle enciclopedie illustrate del Medioevo, in L’enciclopedismo medievale. Atti del Convegno «L’enciclopedismo medievale». San Gimignano, 8-10 ottobre 1992, a cura di M. Picone, Ravenna, Longo 1994, pp. 79-116;
d) G. Crimi, Mostri, menzogne e meraviglie nel ‘Bosadrello’ di Baldassarre da Fossombrone, in «Italique», XVI, 2013, pp. 155-191;
e) M. Fiorilla, I classici nel ‘Canzoniere’. Note di lettura e scrittura poetica in Petrarca, Roma-Padova, Antenore, 2012, pp. 82-105 (Testi geografici ed enciclopedici);
f) M. Masoero, I mostri nella letteratura della scoperta, in Disarmonia, bruttezza e bizzarria nel Rinascimento. Atti del VII Convegno Internazionale (Chianciano-Pienza, 17-20 luglio 1995), a cura di L. Secchi Tarugi, Firenze, Cesati, 1998, pp. 295-306;
g) R. Wittkower, Le meraviglie dell’Oriente: una ricerca sulla storia dei mostri, in Id., Allegoria e migrazione dei simboli, Torino, Einaudi, 1987, pp. 84-152;
h) Id., Marco Polo e la tradizione figurativa delle meraviglie dell’Oriente, ivi, pp. 153-187.

Additional readings for non-attending students. Students will choose one of the following books:

a) J. Baltrušaitis, Il Medioevo fantastico. Antichità ed esotismi nell’arte gotica, con un’introduzione di M. Oldoni, Milano, Adelphi, 2012;
b) G. Bossi, Immaginario di viaggio e immaginario utopico. Dal sogno del paradiso in terra al mito del buon selvaggio, Milano, Mimesis, 2003;
c) C.-C. Kappler, Demoni, mostri e meraviglie alla fine del Medioevo, a cura di F. Cardini, Milano, Jouvence, 2019;
d) J. Le Goff, Il meraviglioso e il quotidiano nell’occidente medievale, a cura di F. Maiello, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2010;
e) Le meraviglie dell’India. Le meraviglie dell’Oriente, Lettera di Alessandro ad Aristotele, Lettera del Prete Gianni, in appendice i testi latini, traduzione e cura di G. Tardiola, Roma, Archivio Guido Izzi, 1991;
f) L. Montemagno Ciseri, Mostri: la storia e le storie, Roma, Carocci, 2018.

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“The inscriptions of the praetorian prefects”
The long history of the praetorian prefecture stretches for six centuries between the late Augustan age and the Justinian age. The life, social origin, culture and career, skills and activity, the profile and extension of the mandate of its owners, i.e. the praetorian prefects, changed over time, and significantly in the first half of the Fourth century. The transformation of the office, its being at first dangerously close and then definitively distant from the person of the Emperor, without institutional roots either in Rome or in the cities of the Roman Empire, had important epigraphic consequences: first of all on the typology and conservation of the inscribed monuments, made in honour of the prefects and made by the prefects themselves, then on the consistency and representativeness of the surviving epigraphic heritage. The student faces the analysis and interpretation of the epigraphic texts relating to the holders of the prefecture between the First and Sixth centuries: he is called upon to reflect on the historical contextualization of careers and to formulate hypotheses on the paths of realization and conservation of the inscribed monuments.

Attending Students: Handouts (xerocopies and PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, Rome (Carocci) 2009 [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 49,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

Bibliografia

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allo studio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• E. MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna , 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237- 426(ristampa 2010)
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

Codicology
The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of manuscripts, Latin and Greek, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, the external characteristics of the manuscript will be examined (material techniques for preparing the book as a physical object, ways and means of production, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), as well as the cultural landscape of the times and places of origin of the manuscript books. An in-depth study will be devoted to the methods and problems of description of the late medieval codices. This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

The course is intended to provide the knowledge about the Hellenistic painting in the Mediterranean through the acquisition of methodological instruments useful to understanding the pictorial experience in all its aspects (formal and stylistic, iconographic and technical). Within the course, the forms and contents of painting will be analyzed in their social and political use, embedded in the historical and cultural context. Very closely related artistic genres will also be explored, such as the figured floor mosaic and the painted stucco wall systems that developed in this period.

Main reference texts:
S. Miller Grobel, Hellenistic Painting in the Eastern Mediterranean, Mid-Fourth to Mid-First Century B.C.in The Cambridge History of Painting in the Classical World, edited by J.J. Pollitt, New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 170-237.
Pittura ellenistica in Italia e in Sicilia. Linguaggi e tradizioni, a cura di G.F. la Torre, M. Torelli, Roma 2012 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
Ricerche di pittura ellenistica : lettura e interpretazione della produzione pittorica dal IV secolo A.C. all’ellenismo, Roma 1985 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
H. Brecoulaki, La peinture funéraire de Macédoine. Emplois et fonctions de la couleur IVe-IIe s. av. J.-C. – Research Centre for Greek and Roman Antiquity National Hellenic Research Foundation, Paris: De Boccard, 2006 (the pages will be indicated during the course).
Additional material will be available during the course,
Students not attending should contact the lecturer during the consultation times or by e-mail.

Christian and Medieval Iconography (I Semester - 6 CFU)

Sarcophagi in Late Antiquity

The course will give the students a method which is necessary to read the themes depicted in the plastic funerary production of Rome, Arles, Ravenna and Constantinople, observing similarities and differences, both stylistic and chronological. Lessons will retrace the itinerary of roman and mediterranean ateliers, which carved specially sarcophagi, in marble or local stone, with neutral, christian or symbolic scenes. Will be analyzed the main centers of production, such as Rome, Ostia, Arles, Ravenna, Milan and Constantinople.

Assignment:
F. Bisconti, H. Brandenburg (edd.), Sarcofagi tardoantichi, paleocristiani ed altomedievali, Città del Vaticano 2004.
Handouts provided during lessons.

Not attending students must add to the Assignment:
F. Bisconti, Temi di Iconografia Paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000: Introduction and a choice of 20 iconographical entries.

Presentation of the essential notions of the typology, such as the relationship between typology and universals, the notion of 'type' at the various analysis levels, and the relationship of typology with sociolinguistics, language teaching, areal comparison, and genetic comparison. Deepening of the mechanisms and explanations of linguistic change, also from the typological perspective. Reflection on the concepts of grammaticalization and reanalysis. Case study on the diachronic typology of the perfect.

Grandi, N., 2003, Fondamenti di tipologia linguistica, Roma, Carocci.
Napoli, M., 2019, Linguistica diacronica, Roma Carocci.

“The inscriptions of the praetorian prefects”
The long history of the praetorian prefecture stretches for six centuries between the late Augustan age and the Justinian age. The life, social origin, culture and career, skills and activity, the profile and extension of the mandate of its owners, i.e. the praetorian prefects, changed over time, and significantly in the first half of the Fourth century. The transformation of the office, its being at first dangerously close and then definitively distant from the person of the Emperor, without institutional roots either in Rome or in the cities of the Roman Empire, had important epigraphic consequences: first of all on the typology and conservation of the inscribed monuments, made in honour of the prefects and made by the prefects themselves, then on the consistency and representativeness of the surviving epigraphic heritage. The student faces the analysis and interpretation of the epigraphic texts relating to the holders of the prefecture between the First and Sixth centuries: he is called upon to reflect on the historical contextualization of careers and to formulate hypotheses on the paths of realization and conservation of the inscribed monuments.

Attending Students: Handouts (xerocopies and PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, Rome (Carocci) 2009 [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 49,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

The development of the Etruscan cities in the Orientalizing and Archaic period (end of 8th - beginning of 5th cent. B.C.)

See under "Italiano" !

The course will focus on Aristotle, Categories, 1-5.
Aristotle's text will be explained in detail and the following aspects will be considered:
1: The distinction between homonyms, synonyms, and paronyms
2: The relations “dici de subiecto” / “esse in subiecto” and Aristotle's list of the categories
3: Aristotle’s account of substance

[a] Aristotle, Categories, Translated with a Commentary by J. Ackrill, Clarendon Press, Oxford 2002, ch. 1-5, pp. 3-12 (text); 69-91 (Commentary).

[b] M. Vegetti – F. Ademollo, Incontro con Aristotele, Einaudi, Torino, 2016.
R. Smith, Aristotle’s Logic, “The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/
P. Studtmann, Aristotle’s Categories, “The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy”, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-categories/

[c] Students are required to prepare a paper in Italian or English (3.000 words) about one of the following topics:

[i] Categories, dialectic and metaphysics
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
S. Menn, Metaphysics, Dialectic and the Categories, “Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale”, 100, 1995, 311-337.

[ii] Inherence and predication
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
G.E.L. Owen, Inherence, “Phronesis”, 10, 1965, 97-105.
R. Heinaman, Non-substantial Individuals in the Categories, “Phronesis”, 26, 1981, 295-307.

[iii] Substance and individuals
Bibliography: texts of sections [a] e [b] should be supplemented with:
M. Frede, Individuals in Aristotle, in Essays in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford 1987, 49-71.

Women and faith in Middle Ages: feminine protagonism or social compulsion?
The lessons want to analyse the link between women’s experience and religious life in Middle Ages. Specifically, they question the objectives, the forms and ways of this participation. Is it a form of social compulsion in which women are submitted to men’s predominance – as in social dimension of family happens – or they are able to find a personal fulfilment thanks to religious dimension, also because they escape familiar contest? Which link is established with men, which are still present in religious and ecclesiastical contest like spiritual counsellors, religious Order’s founders or popes? We will try to ask these questions and others through the study of some of the most representative figures of the medieval period like Clare of Assisi, Frances of Rome, Catherine of Siena, Angela of Foligno and others. The lessons will be seminars in which we will dialogue and discuss different ideas.

1) Learning material - lecture notes and/or pdf depending on the evolution of the plague - will be elaborated during the lessons with attending students on the basis of: A. Bartolomei, Santità e mistica femminile nel medioevo, Spoleto 2013. Non-attending students must study all chapters of A. Bartolomei, Santità e mistica femminile nel medioevo, Spoleto 2013. For a deal with the publisher (CISAM) it is possible to buy the book online with a discount of 50%.

2) G. Vitolo, Medioevo. I caratteri originali di un'età di transizione, Sansoni 2000: only for students who have never taken an exam of medieval history

3) All students must develop a subject of medieval history in an essay that must be arranged with the teacher during the class for the attendees, in the teacher’s office for non-attending students.

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1. Characters from the medieval world in Dante's Comedy.
2. Benedetto Croce and Italian literature.

1. A good commented edition, even scholastic, on the Divine Comedy; E. Pasquini, Vita di Dante. I giorni e le opere, Milano, Rizzoli; G. Gorni, Dante. Storia di un visionario, Roma-Bari, Laterza; E. Auerbach, Studi su Dante, Milano, Feltrinelli; also, for consultation: Nel Duecento di Dante: i personaggi, a cura di F. Suitner, Firenze, Le Lettere.

2. B. Croce, La poesia, Milano, Adelphi, a cura di G. Galasso; R. Wellek, Storia della critica moderna, vol. VIII, Francia, Italia e Spagna 1900-1950, Bologna, Il Mulino; P. D'Angelo, Il problema Croce, Macerata, Quodlibet; P. Craveri- K. E. Lönne-G. Patrizi, Croce, Benedetto, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, also online: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benedetto-croce_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ .

- Students will also read two classics of Italian literature, with appropriate critical comments, which will be indicated during the course. Further information on the texts to be prepared will be provided during the lessons.

The course will reconstruct the historical evolution of cartography, retracing the modes of representation from antiquity to the eighteenth-century geodetic revolution, up to the creation of the Military Geographic Institute. Particular emphasis will be given to the deconstruction of geocartographic materials, to their use in geo-historical research for the study of landscape transformations.

a. Attending students:
The exam will focus on the topics covered in class, on slides in ppt and supplementary learning material provided during the course.

b. Non-Attending Students:
E. Boria, Storia della cartografia in Italia dall’Unità a oggi. Tra scienza, società e progetti di potere, Milano, Utet, 2020 (pp.XI-299)

Students will be introduced to the political crisis which ensued the death of Nero in 68 A.D. and the
following convulsions during the short reigns of Galba, Otho and Vitellius. It will be stressed how on
December 21 69 A.D. Vespasian’s position was officially confirmed by the Senate, but he remained quite
frank about the military origin of his rule. He dated his powers to July 1, when the troops had acclaimed
him, thus flouting constitutional precedent and contradicting even the behaviour of his rival Vitellius, who
had awaited confirmation by the Senate. Later Vespasian received by law a number of powers for which his
Julio-Claudian predecessors had not sought explicit sanction. .
A part of the course will be dedicated to the building developments of the period in Rome (domus
Transitoria and domus Aurea). There will two archaeologists' lessons in particular about the Transitoria
domus, which can now be visited.

G.Geraci-A. Marcone- Storia Romana (editio maior), Le Monnier Università,
Mondadori Education, Milano 2017.
G.Geraci-A. Marcone- Fonti per la storia romana, Le Monnier Università, Mondadori
Education, Milano 2019.
In Storia di Roma Einaudi ( A. Schiavone ed), vol. II, 2 “I principi e il mondo”,
Torino 1991, the papers of W. Eck, E. lo Cascio and Mario Pani.

Course title:
Monastic traditions of the Latin West: the Regula monachorum by Isidore of Seville

Course description:
The monographic module intends in the first place to retrace the origins and typologies of the monastic phenomenon - notoriously one of the most characteristic expressions of religious and cultural history of the Middle Ages -, and then to analyze, with particular attention to the lexicon and the use of sources, the Regula monachorum by Isidore of Seville, a text that has not been studied so far, but due to one of the greatest auctoritates of medieval culture. - As part of the module, exercises will also be activated aimed at guiding the knowledge and use of the main bibliographic and IT tools for the study and research on Middle Latin authors.

1. Isidorus Hispalensis, Regula monachorum, ed. J. Campos Ruiz, in: Santos Padres españoles, II : San Leandro, San Isidoro, San Fructuoso. Reglas monásticas de la España visigoda. Los tres libros de las ‘Sentencias’, Madrid 1971 (Bibl. de Auctores Cristianos, vol. 321), pp. 90-124.

2. M. Di Marco, Note sulla terminologia monastica di Isidoro di Siviglia:aspetti istituzionali strutturali e materiali della vita cenobitica, in Latinitas S.N. III/1 (2015), pp. 55-85.
Id., Dum ad dormiendum uadunt. Note sul lessico isidoriano relativo alle tentazioni notturne dei monaci (Isid. reg. monach. 13), in Paideia LXXIII (2018), pp. 1953-1967.
Id., ‘Psalmorum spiritalia sacramenta’ : note sul lessico liturgico-rituale nella ‘Regula monachorum’ di Isidoro di Siviglia, in Latinitas S.N. VII/1 (2019), pp. 65-83.

3. F. Trisoglio, Introduzione a Isidoro di Siviglia, Ed. Morcelliana, Brescia 2009.

4. Un volume a scelta fra i seguenti:
- M. Pacaut, Monaci e religiosi nel Medioevo, trad.it., Ed. Il Mulino, Bologna 2007.
- A. Rapetti, Storia del monachesimo medievale, Ed. Il Mulino, Bologna 2013.

Optional readings:

- G. M. Colombás, El monacato primitivo, Madrid 2004.
- M. Dunn, The Emergence of Monasticism. From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages, Oxford 2003.
- J. C. Martín Iglesias, Réflexions sur la tradition manuscrite de trois oeuvres d'Isidore de Séville: le De natura rerum, la Regula monachorum et le De origine Getarum, Vandalorum, Sueborum, in Filologia Mediolatina. Studies in Medieval Latin Texts and Transmission XI (2004), pp. 205-263.
- S. Pricoco, Il monachesimo, Ed. Laterza, Roma-Bari 2003.

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

Course title 2020-2021: Purity and pollution, guilt and sin, contamination and contagion in Ancient Christianity
Teaching articulation: 6 CFU
Semester: I

Course description:
Christians inherit from the Jewish world a corpus of Scriptures that they reinterpret in the light of Jesus' message: among them, a prescriptive book like Leviticus which, through a sophisticated classification system, regulates rites and behaviors. The detailed description of the sources of pollution (unclean animals, corpses of animals, blood, diseases such as leprosy, illicit sexual intercourse, etc.) and the rites necessary to restore the state of purity, acquires, in Christian reading, new and multiple meanings, expressions of different Christianities. These interpretations are rooted in specific conceptions of the relationships that must exist between God, the world and man and are often able to provide the faithful with answers to the questions raised by personal misfortune, natural disasters, illnesses; furthermore, they contribute to determine an alternative religious system to Judaism and the Greco-Roman religious world.
The course aims to focus attention on some texts - chosen as emblematic of different conceptions and practices - and to reconstruct their cultural assumptions through an appropriate historical contextualization.

Bibliography:
For attending students:
M.Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, London 1966 ( and further editions)
Sources provided during the course
The attending studendts are expected to write a short paper on a chosen topic
For non attending students:
M.Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, London 1966 (and further editions)
The non attending students are expected to read one of the following books:
P.Sacchi, Sacro/profano impuro/puro nella Bibbia e dintorni, Morcelliana, Brescia 2007.
A.Destro-M.Pesce, Antropologia delle origini cristiane, Laterza, Bari 1995.
F. Vecoli, Il sole e il fango. Puro e impuro tra i padri del deserto, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma 2007.
M.Poorthuis – J.Schwartz (eds.), Purity and Holiness. The Heritage of Leviticus, Brill,
Leiden 2000.

"Cena Trimalchionis": critical framework, integral reading in latin, translation and commentary of chapters 26.7 to 78.8 of Petronius’ Satyricon: form and meaning of a unicum in the Latin literary tradition.

In the case of an extension of the health emergency from COVID-19, all the provisions that regulate the ways of carrying out the teaching activities and student assessment will be implemented. In particular as regards lessons and the dissemination of teaching materials, Moodle and/or Teams platforms will be used.

- G.F. Gianotti, La cena di Trimalchione. Dal “Satyricon” di Petronio, Acireale-Roma (Bonanno Editore); as a reference text for the entire novel: Petronio Arbitro, Satyricon. Introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Aragosti, Milano (ed. BUR).

- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the program will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.

Petronius’ Satyricon: the “shipwreck chapters”: philological reading of the chapters 100-115 of the novel.

In the case of an extension of the health emergency from COVID-19, all the provisions that regulate the ways of carrying out the teaching activities and student assessment will be implemented. In particular as regards lessons and the dissemination of teaching materials, Moodle and/or Teams platforms will be used.

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);

- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line at the url of the course]

- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura);

- G. Vannini, Petronii Arbitri Satyricon 100-115. Edizione critica e commento, Berlin-New York (de Gruyter) [introduction and critical text of this book will be made available on line at the url of the course]; as a reference text for the entire novel: Petronio Arbitro, Satyricon. Introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Aragosti, Milano (ed. BUR).

- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the syllabus will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.


- Ulteriori letture e materiali relativi al programma saranno indicati durante il corso e/o depositati nell’apposito sito telematico dell’insegnamento.

1. Characters from the medieval world in Dante's Comedy.
2. Benedetto Croce and Italian literature.

1. A good commented edition, even scholastic, on the Divine Comedy; E. Pasquini, Vita di Dante. I giorni e le opere, Milano, Rizzoli; G. Gorni, Dante. Storia di un visionario, Roma-Bari, Laterza; E. Auerbach, Studi su Dante, Milano, Feltrinelli; also, for consultation: Nel Duecento di Dante: i personaggi, a cura di F. Suitner, Firenze, Le Lettere.

2. B. Croce, La poesia, Milano, Adelphi, a cura di G. Galasso; R. Wellek, Storia della critica moderna, vol. VIII, Francia, Italia e Spagna 1900-1950, Bologna, Il Mulino; P. D'Angelo, Il problema Croce, Macerata, Quodlibet; P. Craveri- K. E. Lönne-G. Patrizi, Croce, Benedetto, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, also online: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benedetto-croce_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ .

- Students will also read two classics of Italian literature, with appropriate critical comments, which will be indicated during the course. Further information on the texts to be prepared will be provided during the lessons.

This course will address the growing, from about mid-thirteenth-century, of a new kind of poetry, focused on the analytical description of passion and of the physiological and psichological effects of love on the lover, on the praise of the beloved woman and of his ennobling power, and on man as a rational being. The beginnings and the various outcomes of this poetic manner, traditionally labelled as ‘stil novo’, will be investigated through a close reading of the oeuvre of the three main poets of Italian Duecento: Guido Guinizelli, Guido Cavalcanti, the young Dante Alighieri. Special attention will be paid: (1) to the philosophical knowledge that substantiates their poetry and to the intellectualistic character of their works; (2) to the dialogue that they established among themselves, with other poets (such as Guittone d’Arezzo and Bonagiunta da Lucca) and intellectuals.

Students will read in depth the following texts:

- texts by Guinizelli in "Poesie dello Stilnovo", a cura di Marco Berisso (Milano: Bur-Rizzoli, 2006), pp. 69-87.
- Guido Cavalcanti, "Rime", a cura di Roberto Rea e Giorgio Inglese (Roma: Carocci editore, 2011 and reprints).
- Dante Alighieri, "Vita nova", a cura di Stefano Carrai (Milano: BUR, 2009 and reprints).
- Enrico Fenzi, "La canzone d’amore di Guido Cavalcanti e i suoi antichi commenti" (Milano: Ledizioni, 2015, pp. 1-174; first Edition: Genova, Il melangolo, 1999).

On Moodle students will find some other texts discussed during lectures and the Power Point presentations that highlight some key-points.
Lessons of the 12 and 19 November, devoted to Cavalcanti and to the medical literature on the pathology of love, have been recorded and are available on Stream.

Further readings:

- R. Antonelli, «Cavalcanti o dell’interiorità», in «Critica del Testo» IV, 2001, 1. «Alle origini dell'io lirico. Cavalcanti o dell'interiorità» (2001), pp. 1–21 (available through Discovery).
- F. Bruni, «Semantica della sottigliezza» (1978), in Id., «Testi e chierici del medioevo» (Genova: Marietti, 1991), pp. 91–134.
- G. Gorni, «La Beatrice di Dante, dal tempo all’eterno», in D. Alighieri, «Vita Nova», a cura di L. C. Rossi (Milano: Mondadori, 1999), pp. V-LX.
- E. Pasquini, «Il “dolce stil novo”», in «Storia della letteratura italiana», a c. di Enrico Malato, vol. I. t. 2. «Prosa e poesia del Duecento. Dante» (Milano: Il Sole 24 ore, 2005), 649–721.

Students not attending lectures will also read:
- P. Borsa, «La nuova poesia di Guido Guinizelli» (Firenze: Cadmo, 2007).
They are strongly encouraged to get in touch with the teacher, in order to discuss the preparation of the exam.

The epistolaries of humanists. The course intends to deepen the development of epistolary production, starting from the rebirth of the genre by Petrarch and from the new relationship established therewith correspondents, formed in a friendly and intellectual network, to continue with the epistolaries of humanism (Coluccio Salutati, Leonardo Bruni, Poggio Bracciolini and others) until the sixteenth-century refoundation with the Letters of Pietro Aretino, the first example of a vulgar epistolary, and the letters of Bembo with their complex textual architecture.

F. Petrarca, Familiarum rerum libri, e Sine nomine, in any edition, also on line.
Selected passages from the letters of Coluccio Salutati, P. Aretino, P. Bembo and others, available on line, will be indicated during the course.