Optional group:
Opzionali - (show)
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20802052 -
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(objectives)
The course provides basic understanding of physics and technology of photovoltaic devices, from first generation silicon solar cells (crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous) to second (thin-films technology) and third generation (multi-junction) solar cells. The course deals with devices, modules and systems and includes an introduction to storage and distribution of solar energy. The objective is to provide the specific knowledge for the design, analysis and characterization of solar cells and systems. The course includes a number of laboratory experiments on solar cells and SPICE simulations
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COLACE LORENZO
( syllabus)
Introduction: History of photovoltaics. PV costs, markets and forecasts. Goals of today’s PV research and manufacturing. Global trends in performance and applications. Progress and challenges. Concentration PV systems. Future of emerging PV technologies.
Physics of the Solar Cell: Solar radiation. Fundamentals of semiconductors. Light absorption. Recombination. Carrier transport. Solar cell fundamentals. I–V characteristics. Efficient solar cells. Surface recombination. Efficiency and band gap. Spectral response. Parasitic resistance. Temperature effects. Concentrator solar cells. High-level injection. Limitation on energy conversion. Concepts for improving the efficiency.
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Crystalline Silicon. Crystalline Si solar cells. Manufacturing. Crystalline Si photovoltaic modules. Electrical and optical performance of modules. Field performance.
Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells: Review of current thin-film Si cells. Design concepts of TF-Si solar cells. Future trends.
High-Efficiency III-V Multijunction Solar Cells: Physics of III-V multijunction solar cells. Cell configuration. Computation of device performance. Materials issues. Future-generation solar cells.
Photovoltaic Concentrators: Basic types of concentrators. Historical overview. Optics of concentrators. Current concentrators.
Amorphous Silicon–based Solar Cells: Atomic and electronic structure of hydrogenated amorphous Silicon. Depositing amorphous Si. Understanding a-Si cells. Multijunctions. Continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing on flexible substrates.
Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells: Material properties. Deposition. Junction and device formation. Device operation. Manufacturing. Device performance.
Measurement and Characterization of Solar Cells and Modules: Rating PV performance. I-V Measurements. Spectral responsivity. Module qualification and certification.
Photovoltaic Systems: Introduction to PV systems and applications. Components for PV systems. Future developments in photovoltaic system technology. Electrochemical storage. Power conditioning. Energy collected and delivered by PV modules. Economic analysis and environmental aspects of photovoltaics.
PC1D simulation of solar cells.
Laboratory experiments: I-V characterization, extraction of relevant parameters.
( reference books)
M.A. Green "Solar Cells: Operating Principles, Technology, and System Applications" (Prentice-Hall)
J. Nelson "Physics of Solar Cells" Imperial College Press 1st (first) Edition
+ additional contents on Moodle e-learning platform
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6
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ING-INF/01
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42
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Core compulsory activities
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ITA |
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20810067 -
ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
(objectives)
Electronics Laboratory is an experimental lab course that provides the fundamentals of electronic design, simulation, construction, test and debugging of analog and digital electronic circuits. Lectures will be devoted to design strategies and methods. The intensive use of PSpice simulation will allow fast circuit verification before its fabrication. The course will include several measurement techniques to perform the experimental tests. Expected results are the ability to design electronic circuits for both analog and digital signal processing, the knowledge of the characteristics of the major electronic components and skills in the use of PSpice simulator, combined with the ability to measure electrical quantities with laboratory instrumentation.
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COLACE LORENZO
( syllabus)
1) Review of devices and circuits
• BJT, JFET, MOSFET
• amplifiers
• building blocks
• feedback
• noise in electronic systems
2) Case study 1 (analog electronics): audio Hi-Fi circuits (preamplifiers, tone controllers, output stages, power supply)
• Theory
• Simulations
• Fabrication
• Tests
( reference books)
P. Horowitz, W. Hill, “L’arte dell’elettronica”, Zanichelli
C.D. Motchenbacher, J.A. Connelly, “Low noise electronic system design”, Wiley Interscience.
P. Tobin, “PSpice for Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices”, Morgan&Claypool Pub.
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6
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ING-INF/01
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42
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Core compulsory activities
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20810068 -
ELECTRONIC DESIGN
(objectives)
The aim of this course is to provide the fundamentals of electronic design in terms of both synthesis and analysis methodologies. The course is focused on electronic system architecture for the processing of signals coming from and directed to output stages, after suitable analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) conversion. Particular attention will be dedicated to the analysis of front-end electronics and signal conditioning (amplification and, filtering), as well as frequency stability. Aim of the course also includes the definition of design specifications, both DC and AC, distortion and noise, as well as A/D and D/A conversion techniques. The course will be completed by a detailed analysis of a set of projects with applications in consumer electronics, telecommunications, industrial and medical electronics.
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Derived from
20810068 PROGETTAZIONE ELETTRONICA in Ingegneria elettronica per l'industria e l'innovazione LM-29 ROSSI MARIA CRISTINA
( syllabus)
Introduction: basic on analog and digital design.
Input stages and signal amplifier: project examples: offset and bias current nulling in integrator amplifiers; current feedback amplifiers (CFA); antialiasing filter for A/D conversion and CD audio filter; switch capacitor filters; digital fiters with design elements.
Noise: noise properties, dinamics and sources. Op amp noise and S/N ratio. Photodiode amplifier application. Low noise integrated circuits.
Analog-digital conversion: ADC definition; oversamping and noise shaping; ΣΔ modulator, ΣΔ converters architecture; conditioning system for sensors; examples of OpAmp conditioning system; ADC practical application: ADC selection and temperature measurement, electronic scale and power measurement.
Output stages and power amplifiers: large signal amplifiers. A, B, AB and C classification. Armonic distortion and power devices. Safe operating Area (SOA) protections. Efficiency. Integrated power amplifiers and devices.
Design project examples in several microelectronic field (biomedical, radiofrequency and power).
( reference books)
M. Thompson, Intuitive Analog Circuit Design, Newnes-Elsevier, 2006.
Analog-Digital Conversion, W. Kester ed., Analog Devices, www.analog.com
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9
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ING-INF/01
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72
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20810138 -
ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
(objectives)
The course presents the design of electromagnetic components and circuits in modern and advanced applications, including wireless communications, circuits, microwave and optical components and devices, microwave communications and radar, power generation, transfer, and harvesting, with a special emphasis on the innovation brought by artificial electromagnetic materials and metamaterials.
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TOSCANO ALESSANDRO
( syllabus)
The course is organized in 5 units as follows:
PART 1 – EM PROPAGATION AND MATCHING CIRCUITS
EM modeling of guiding structures, Real matching circuits for guiding structures, Narrowband and Wideband matching networks, Wideband binomial and Chebyshev impedance transformers.
PART 2 – MICROWAVE NETWORKS: MODELS AND PROPERTIES
Matrix representations of microwave networks (Matrix ABCD, Impedance and admittance matrices, Scattering matrix and relationships to each other), Scattering matrix [S] of a N-port network, Properties of a component: Reciprocity, Matching and Lossless, Signal flow representation of the scattering matrix, Analysis of a complex microwave network and design of matching networks.
PART 3 – THREE-PORT COMPONENTS
Analysis of a three-port network, Analysis and design of a Circulator, Analysis and design of Power Dividers (Junction dividers, Lossy dividers, Wilkinson dividers) in balanced and unbalanced configuration).
PART 4 – FOUR-PORT COMPONENTS
Analysis of a four-port network, Properties of Directional Couplers (DC), Analysis of symmetric and antisymmetric directional couplers, Analysis of hybrid directional couplers, Design of directional couplers.
PART 5 – DESIGN OF MICROWAVE NETWORKS AND ADVANCED COMPONENTS
Introduction to the design of microwave and millimeter-wave networks. Introduction to the use of electromagnetic and microwave circuit CAD software. Introduction to microwave and millimeter-wave components based on metamaterials for radar, satellite and wireless communication application.
( reference books)
The text books used as reference for the course are:
1) Notes available on Moodle
2) “Microwave engineering”, autore David Pozar, editore Wiley
3) “Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas”, autore S.J. Orfanidis (free book online)
4) “Microwave solid state circuit design”, autori: I Bahl e P. Bhartia, editore: Wiley
5) “Foundation of Microwave Engineering”, autore: Robert E. Collin, editore: Wiley
6) “The stripline circulator: Theory and practice” , autore: J. Helszajn, editore: Wiley
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6
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ING-INF/02
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48
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Core compulsory activities
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ENG |
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20810154 -
ADVANCED ANTENNA ENGINEERING
(objectives)
Antennas are fundamental components of modern wireless communication systems for smart environments such as pervasive systems for distributed information and computing, advanced space systems, intelligent transportation systems. This course aims at providing a selection of advanced topics in antenna engineering, including analytical and numerical techniques: theory and applications of periodic structures; resonant and traveling-wave antennas for terrestrial and space communication systems; smart and MIMO antenna arrays; numerical techniques based on differential formulations (finite differences in time and frequency) and on boundary integral formulations (method of moments); the main commercial CAD tools for antennas based on the above numerical techniques will also be illustrated.
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BACCARELLI PAOLO
( syllabus)
I PART
Introductory concepts:
Linear algebraic systems and their numerical solution
Singular-value decomposition (SVD) of general complex matrices.
Fundamentals of radiation.
Antenna parameters.
Elementary array theory.
Beyond elementary array theory.
Microstrip and Printed antennas:
Overview, basic principles of operation, feeding methods, and radiation characteristics.
Design procedures and CAD formulas.
Circular polarization, broadband and multi-band antennas, and miniaturization.
II PART
Periodic structures:
Introduction, basic theory (space harmonics, Floquet theorem).
Brillouin diagrams.
Bloch analysis.
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs):
General features and classification.
Design procedures for 1D LWAs.
Fabry-Perot cavity antennas; general features of 2D LWAs
Arrays for wireless communications:
Characterization of the wireless channel.
Arrays and diversity.
Introduction to Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems.
Boundary integral equations and the Method of Moments (MoM):
MoM for 1D integral equations; basis and test functions.
MoM for thin wires.
Boundary integral representations of the electromagnetic field and boundary integral equations.
Mixed-Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) in free space.
MoM for MPIE: basis and test functions.
MPIE in layered media.
Sommerfeld integrals, asymptotic extractions, and spatial singularities.
Acceleration techniques for integral and series in electromagnetic problems.
MoM for MPIE: periodic structures (free space and layered media).
III (Numerical simulations with commercial electromagnetic software)
Electromagnetic CAD:
Ansys Designer and FEKO: introduction and general features.
Analysis of microstrip antennas: simple patch antenna, mutual coupling, and array configurations.
Analysis of Frequency Selective Surfaces. (FSSs)
( reference books)
Teaching material:
• Slides of the lessons
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9
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ING-INF/02
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72
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Core compulsory activities
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20810155 -
METAMATERIALS
(objectives)
The course aims at learning the tools for the analysis and design of innovative high-tech devices based on the use of artificial electromagnetic materials and metamaterials.
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Derived from
20810155 METAMATERIALS in Ingegneria delle tecnologie della comunicazione e dell'informazione LM-27 MONTI ALESSIO
( syllabus)
Unit 1: Introduction to metamaterials.
Negative-index metamaterials. Classification and terminology. Engheta’s resonator. Pendry’s lens. Transmission-line metamaterials. Miniaturization of electromagnetic components. Miniaturized antennas. Two-dimensional metamaterials: metasurfaces. Design of inclusions for microwave metamaterials. Design of transmission-line metamaterials and design of miniaturized microwave components (elementary cells, phase shifters, rat-race, etc.). Computed-based exercises.
Unit 2: Electromagnetic invisibility and metasurfaces.
Reduction of radar observability. Basic concepts on electromagnetic invisibility. Radar and scattering cross section. Figure of merit for EM cloaks. Basic principles of the transformation of transformation-electromagnetism. Invisibility cloaks based on transformation-electromagnetism. Other approaches to achieve electromagnetic invisibility. Basiuc principles on scattering cancellation. Scattering cancellation by volumetric metamaterials. Scattering cancellation by metasurfaces (mantle cloaking). Mie theory for spherical and cylindrical objects covered by volumetric layers and surface impedances. Implementation of invisibility devices based on the scattering cancellation at microwaves: volumetric materials and metasurfaces. Applications of electromagnetic invisibility to microwaves: invisibility of passive objects, invisibility of receiving antennas and sensors, mutual invisibility of transmitting antennas. Non-linear and waveform-selective electromagnetic invisibility devices and related applications. Computed-based exercises.
Unit 3: Optical metasurfaces.
Optical metasurfaces based on array of nanoparticles. Electromagnetic characterization of metals at optical frequencies. Drude model. Effect of shape and size on the optical response of materials. Surface dispersion effect. Volumetric homogenization techniques of nanoparticle arrays: Maxwell Garnett and Clausius-Mosotti formulas. Two-dimensional homogenization techniques. Applications of optical metasurfaces: electromagnetic invisibility, optical absorbers, anti-reflection coatings and transparent screens. Extension of the two-dimensional model to dielectric metasurfaces. Applications of dielectric metasurfaces. Computed-based exercises.
Module 4: Space-time modulated metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Introduction to EM non-reciprocity based on natural and artificial materials. Introduction to space-time modulated metamaterials. Analysis of a resonator loaded with a space-time modulated metamaterial: coupled mode theory, resonant modes and frequency response. Applications. Free-space and slab propagation in space-time modulated materials. Time-domain propagation in a dielectric slab. Space-time modulated metasurfaces.
Unit 5: Metamaterials for structured fields.
Topological properties of structured fields. Introduction to the concept of orbital angular momentum, phase singularity and topological charge. Generation of EM fields with phase singularities at optical and microwave frequencies. Generation of composite vortices and related topological properties (robustness with respect to the interaction with opaque objects and vortex-less fields). Application examples: patch antenna with Moebius polarization, shaping of the direction pattern, sectorial and saddle radiation patterns. Full-wave and analytical simulations.
Module 6: Measurements of electromagnetic properties of materials.
Techniques for measuring the electromagnetic parameters of materials. Capacitive and inductive method, resonant and non-resonant techniques. Guidelines to choose the appropriate measurement technique. Measuring instruments. Algorithms for parameters retrieval. Nicholson-Ross algorithm.
( reference books)
Learning materials provided by the teacher.
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9
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ING-INF/02
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63
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Core compulsory activities
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20810203 -
OPTICS AND PHOTONICS OF SOLITONS
(objectives)
Introduction and concept, models and applications of optical solitons and solitary waves, with reference to temporal confinemnet of pulses and spatial confinement of light beams, for opto-optical processing and propagation of non-dispersive wavepackets. Experimental and application-oriented examples will be provided in optical fibers and liquid crystals. The modern electronics engineer will be able to understand and handle advanced generations of all-optical signal processors.
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ASSANTO GAETANO
( syllabus)
Introduction to solitary waves and solitons, spatial solitons, temporal solitons, spatio-temporal solitons
One-, two-, and three-dimensional solitons
Spatial optical solitons and their stability
Kerr solitons in optical fibers, NLSE
Optical spatial solitons in liquid crystals, nematicons
Nematicon phenomena, features and applications
( reference books)
G. Assanto, Nematicons, Wiley & Sons, 2012
Notes from the teacher
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6
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ING-INF/01
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48
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Optional group:
OPZIONALE - (show)
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12
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20801920 -
STATIC POWER CONVERTORS DESIGN
(objectives)
The lessons will present dynamic modeling and methodologies for power electronic converters design. The students will face design problems with reference to technical specifications and required performances.
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SOLERO LUCA
( syllabus)
Basic criteria for power electronic converters design; capacitors and inductors sizing; power losses calculation; cooling systems definition.
Steady-state equivalent circuit modeling, losses and efficiency for dc-dc, dc-ac and ac-dc power electronic converters.
AC equivalent circuit modeling for dc-dc dc-ac and ac-dc power electronic converters. Converter transfer functions and controller design.
Input filter design.
Introduction to multilevel and four-legs topologies. Power electronic converters in parallel running operation.
( reference books)
R.W. Erickson, D. Maksimovic: Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Kluwer Academic Publisher,2000.
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9
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ING-IND/32
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63
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20810066 -
ELECTROTECHNICS FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to discuss the main energy conversions to deliver, to manage and to storing electrical energy. The optimization of the different systems for enhancing efficiency and the environmental impact as weel as Renewable energies and the energy storage will be widely analyzed.
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LAUDANI ANTONINO
( syllabus)
The class aims at giving the students the necessary knowledge to understand the decentralized generation paradigm, and in particular, the problems related to energy generation from renewable sources. The analysis models used to describe the efficiency production will be studied, along with the effects related to ageing and degradation. Energy conversion systems and algorithms to optimize extracted power (maximum power point tracking) will be studied as well. Moreover, the fundamental technological aspects of smart grids will be described, along with notions on power flow analysis and energy production optimization. Lastly, energy storage technologies will be discussed.
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6
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ING-IND/31
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42
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20810085 -
SIMULATION METHODS FOR ELECTRONIC & ELECTRIC SYSTEMS
(objectives)
The course objective is to provide to students suitable lectures about scientific computing and procedures for electric and electronics applications, in order to understand and to design simulation software.
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RIGANTI FULGINEI FRANCESCO
( syllabus)
FIRST PART: CALCULATION TOOLS
• An introduction to the MATLAB (OCTAVE) environment
• Representation of real numbers with the calculator
• Calculation of zeros of a function
• Mathematical models and numerical errors
• Approximation of functions and data
• Numerical derivative
• Numerical integral
• numerical methods for ordinary differential equations (ODE)
SECOND PART: ALGORITHMS AND OPTIMIZATION MODELS
• The system concept
• Linear and nonlinear systems
• Abstract models and optimization models
• Mathematical models and models of mathematical optimization
• Optimization algorithms
• Multi-objective optimization
• Linear optimization
• Geometric aspects of the linear optimization
• Nonlinear optimization
• Geometric aspects of the nonlinear optimization
• Local and global optimum
• Main methods of nonlinear optimization
• Heuristic methods for the optimization: Tabu Search, Simulating Annealing, Genetic Algorithms, Bacterial Chemotaxis Algorithm, Particle Swarm
Optimization, Flock Of Starling Optimization
• Artificial Neural Networks
• Applications:
• Design of a circuit simulator
• Simulation of devices with ferromagnetic core
• Load Flow Analysis
( reference books)
QUARTERONI ALFIO; SALERI FAUSTO - CALCOLO SCIENTIFICO. ESERCIZI E PROBLEMI RISOLTI CON MATLAB E OCTAVE - ED. SPRINGER VERLAG ------ VERCELLIS CARLO - OTTIMIZZAZIONE. TEORIA, METODI, APPLICAZIONI - ED. MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES
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ING-IND/31
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42
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20810216 -
ELECTRICAL ENERGY ENGINEERING
(objectives)
The student will be able to familiarize with the problems related to energy efficiency considering the energy needs of industrial users and the service sector. Information and methodologies will be provided to understand the issues of distributed generation regarding electricity generation from renewable sources, photovoltaic and wind, and the different energy storage systems. For the aforementioned systems, the problems that underlie the choices of the grid connection systems and the active systems to reduce the causes of pollution of the grid itself will be illustrated.
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ING-IND/32
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72
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Università Roma Tre