The numbers refer to the chapters and paragraphs of the textbook:
Calcolo of P. Marcellini and C. Sbordone.

1) Real numbers and functions

Natural, whole and rational numbers; density of rationals (5). Axioms of real numbers (2). Overview of set theory (4).
The intuitive concept of function (6) and Cartesian representation (7).
Injective, surjective, bijective and invertible functions. Monotonic functions (8).
Absolute value (9). The principle of induction (13).

2) Complements to real numbers

Maximum, minimum, supremum, infimum.

7) Succession limits

Definition and first properties (56.57).
Limited successions (58). Operations with limits (59).
Indefinite forms (60).
Comparative theorems (61). Other properties of succession limits (62).
Notable limits (63). Monotone sequences, the number e (64).
Sequence going to infinity of increasing order (67).

8) Function limits. Continuous functions

Definition of limit and property (71,72,73).
Continuous functions (74). discontinuity (75).
Theorems on continuous functions (76).

9) Additions to the limits

The theorem on monotonic sequences (80).
Extracted successions; the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem (81).
The Weierstrass theorem (82).
Continuity of monotonic functions and inverse functions (83).

10) Derivatives

Definition and physical meaning (88-89). Operations with derivatives (90).
Derivatives of compound functions and inverse functions (91).
Derivative of elementary functions (92).
Geometric meaning of the derivative: tangent line (93).

11) Applications of derivatives. Function study

Maximum and minimum relative. Fermat's theorem (95).
Theorems of Rolle and Lagrange (96).
Increasing, decreasing, convex and concave functions (97-98).
De l'Hopital theorem (99).
Study of the graph of a function (100).
Taylor's formula: first properties (101).

14) Integration according to Riemann

Definition (117). Properties of the defined integrals (118).
Uniform continuity. Cantor's theorem (119).
Integrability of continuous functions (120).
The theorems of the average (121).

15) Undefined integrals

The fundamental theorem of integral calculus (123).
Primitives (124). The indefinite integral (125). Integration by parts and by substitution
(126,127,128,129).
Improper integrals (132).

16) Taylor's formula

Rest of Peano (135).
Use of Taylor's formula in the calculation of limits (136).

17) Series

Numerical series (141).
Series with positive terms (142).
Geometric series and harmonic series (143.144).
Convergence criteria (145).
Alternate series (146).
Absolute convergence (147).
Taylor series (149).

S. Lang, A First Course in Calculus, Springer Ed.

The numbers refer to the chapters and paragraphs of the textbook:
Calcolo of P. Marcellini and C. Sbordone.

1) Real numbers and functions

Natural, whole and rational numbers; density of rationals (5). Axioms of real numbers (2). Overview of set theory (4).
The intuitive concept of function (6) and Cartesian representation (7).
Injective, surjective, bijective and invertible functions. Monotonic functions (8).
Absolute value (9). The principle of induction (13).

2) Complements to real numbers

Maximum, minimum, supremum, infimum.

7) Succession limits

Definition and first properties (56.57).
Limited successions (58). Operations with limits (59).
Indefinite forms (60).
Comparative theorems (61). Other properties of succession limits (62).
Notable limits (63). Monotone sequences, the number e (64).
Sequence going to infinity of increasing order (67).

8) Function limits. Continuous functions

Definition of limit and property (71,72,73).
Continuous functions (74). discontinuity (75).
Theorems on continuous functions (76).

9) Additions to the limits

The theorem on monotonic sequences (80).
Extracted successions; the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem (81).
The Weierstrass theorem (82).
Continuity of monotonic functions and inverse functions (83).

10) Derivatives

Definition and physical meaning (88-89). Operations with derivatives (90).
Derivatives of compound functions and inverse functions (91).
Derivative of elementary functions (92).
Geometric meaning of the derivative: tangent line (93).

11) Applications of derivatives. Function study

Maximum and minimum relative. Fermat's theorem (95).
Theorems of Rolle and Lagrange (96).
Increasing, decreasing, convex and concave functions (97-98).
De l'Hopital theorem (99).
Study of the graph of a function (100).
Taylor's formula: first properties (101).

14) Integration according to Riemann

Definition (117). Properties of the defined integrals (118).
Uniform continuity. Cantor's theorem (119).
Integrability of continuous functions (120).
The theorems of the average (121).

15) Undefined integrals

The fundamental theorem of integral calculus (123).
Primitives (124). The indefinite integral (125). Integration by parts and by substitution
(126,127,128,129).
Improper integrals (132).

16) Taylor's formula

Rest of Peano (135).
Use of Taylor's formula in the calculation of limits (136).

17) Series

Numerical series (141).
Series with positive terms (142).
Geometric series and harmonic series (143.144).
Convergence criteria (145).
Alternate series (146).
Absolute convergence (147).
Taylor series (149).

S. Lang, A First Course in Calculus, Springer Ed.

Module 1 (6 credits)
1. Introduction to hw and sw of digital computers
2. User interfaces: GUI and terminal shell (linux install)
3. High- and low-level languages: JIT compilation, Julia
4. Intro to programming: simple types, variables and functions
5. Intro to programming: data types, control of execution flow
6. Structured data types: array, tuple, dictionary
7. Data structures: list, stack, queue, binary tree, graph
8. I/O and network: file formats, serialization, encodings
9. Main algorithms: merge, sort, intro to complexity10.
10. Linear algebra with vectors and matrices
11. Julia packages: timing and function visualization
12. Markup of documents: html, json, latex, pandoc
13. Intro to Python: differences with Julia

1. Teaching materials from teacher (on Teams).
2. [Think Julia: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist](https://benlauwens.github.io/ThinkJulia.jl/latest/book.html)

1- Linear systems: matrix associated to a linear system; sum of matrices and multiplication by real numbers; reduced matrices; Gauss-Jordan algorithm.
2- Rows by columns product of matrices; invertible matrices; rank of a matrix; Rouche'-Capelli Theorem.
3- Geometrical vectors. Vector spaces. Subspaces. Generating vectors and linearly independent vectors.
4- Basis of a vector space: dimension of a vector space; Grassmann's formula.
5- Linear applications: Kernel and image of a inear application. Dimension of Kernel and Image of a linear application.
6- Matrix associated to a linear application. Diagonalization of linear operators.

F. Flamini; A. Verra: "Matrici e vettori -Corso di base di geometria e algebra lineare" Carocci ed.

E. Schlesinger: "Algebra lineare e geometria". Zanichelli, 2011

E. Sernesi: "Geometria 1". Bollati Boringhieri, 2019

Atom Structure: orbitals, poly-electron atoms, periodic table; covalent bond, delocalized bond.
Mass relationship in chemical reactions; redox and oxidation number.
Solids: metallic crystal, ionic crystal, molecular crystal, covalent crystal.
Gases: the ideal gas law, partial pressures.
Thermodynamics: nature and type of energy, the zero law of T.D., heat capacity, the first law of TD and Enthalphy, the second law of TD, entropy and free energy, equilibrium conditions.
Liquids: phase change, phase diagrams.
Chemical equilibrium: the equilibrium constant and the equilibrium law
Properties of liquid solutions: concentration units, the Raoult law and distillation, colligatives properties and freezing diagram, electrolytes.
Solutions of strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and bases, pH; Salt hydrolysis; buffer solutions.

Appunti delle lezioni
o Tro – Chimica. Un approccio molecolare
o Silvestroni, Rallo - Problemi di Chimica Generale - Ed. Masson
o Palmisano, Schiavello – Fondamenti di Chimica - EDISES

Introduction
- Physical quantities and units
- Fundamentals on vector algebra

Kinematics of a material point
- Kinematics quantities in the rectilinear motion
- Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion
- Simple harmonic motion
- Kinematics in 2-D and 3-D
- Motion trajectory
- Tangential and normal components of acceleration
- Parabolic motion
- Circular motion
- Relative motion

Dynamics of a material point
- Principles of Dynamics and Newton's laws
- Momentum and Impulse
- Equilibrium and constraint reaction forces
- Gravitational force
- Weight and motion under gravity
- Forces and motion
- Forces of dry friction
- Inclined plane
- Elastic force and mass-spring system
- Tension force in ropes
- Applications to circular motion
- Viscous force
- Electrical charge and Coulomb force
- Simple pendulum
- Inertial and non-inertial reference frames
- Inertial forces

Work and Energy
- Work and power
- Work of weight, elastic and dry friction forces
- Work-energy theorem. Applications
- Conservative forces. Potential energy
- Central forces
- Gravitational and electrostatic potential energies
- Conservation of mechanical energy. Applications
- Stability conditions for static equilibrium

Dynamics of systems of material points
- systems of material points. Internal and external forces
- First cardinal equation for systems dynamics
- Center of mass and its motion
- Conservation of momentum
- Collisions (brief notes)
- Moment of a force and angular momentum
- Second cardinal equation for systems dynamics
- Conservation of angular momentum
- Koenig theorems

Rigid body dynamics
- Definition of rigid body and its properties
- Continuous bodies. Density and center of mass
- Rigid body kinematics. Angular velocity
- Rigid body dynamics. Rotations around a fixed axis
- Moment of inertia
- Huygens-Steiner theorem
- Compound pendulum
- Rolling motion
- Equilibrium for a rigid body

Introduction to fields
- Gravitational field and electric field
- Gauss's law
- Electric potential
- Lorentz force and magnetic field
- Stationary electric currents
- Ohm's law

Thermodynamics
- Kinetic theory of ideal gases (brief notes)
- Temperature and pressure
- Thermodynamic systems and states
- Thermodynamic equilibrium
- Mechanical work and heat
- First law of thermodynamics
- Thermodynamic processes (adiabatic, reversible, irreversible)
- Heat capacity and specific heat
- Ideal gas law
- Specific heat of ideal gases
- Cyclic processes and the Carnot cycle
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Carnot's theorem
- Clausius theorem
- Entropy (brief notes)

- P. Mazzoldi, M. Nigro, C. Voci, "Elementi di Fisica. Vol. I: Meccanica - Termodinamica", seconda edizione, Edises, Napoli
- R. Borghi, "Lezioni di Meccanica", amazon.com

Notes on selected arguments are also available on the course website, under the section "Complementi"

For further studies, the following is suggested:
- R. P. Feynman, "La Fisica di Feynman", volumes 1 and 2 (freely available at http://feynmanlectures.info/)

Overview and introduction on the nature of heat.
Heat and temperature. Heat capacity. Specific heat.
Heat Conduction: thermal fields, thermal conduction phenomena.
Fourier: postulate and equation in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.
Examples of analytical solutions
Flat, single and multi, layer steady-state conduction.
Cylindrical layer. Critical radius of insulation.
Stabilized periodic regime.
Semi-infinite layer with step temperature changes
Radiation Heat Transfer: overview about electromagnetic radiation.
Properties of bodies as receivers and as emitters of radiation
Black body emission laws.
Gray bodies, selective bodies, cavities.
View factors. Radiation shields.
Greenhouse effect.
Convection Heat Transfer
Fluid motion between layers at different temperatures.
Boundary layer. Laminar and turbulent fluid motion.
Natural and forced convection.
Dimensional analysis and method of indices.
Dimensionless parameters and their physical meaning.
Heating and cooling of an homogeneous body.
Heat sinks. Examples of heat transfer in electronic systems.

Barducci, I., Trasmissione del calore, Editoriale Esa, Milano, 1989.
Badaglicca, A., Fondamenti di trasmissione del calore, Aracne, Roma, 1997.
more:
Cengel, Y. A., Termodinamica e trasmissione del calore, Mcgraw-Hill, Milano, 2nd Ed., 2005.
Kreith, F., Principi di trasmissione del calore, Liguori Editore, Napoli, 1975.

First order differential equations: Separate variable equations; Linear equations; Bernoulli's equation. The theorem of existence and uniqueness (without proof) for first order differential equations.
2nd order differential equations: Theorem of existence and uniqueness (without demonstration); Linear equations; The general solution of the homogeneous; Wronskiano and its properties; A method for obtaining a homogeneous equation solution, knowing another; homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients: Real and distinct roots, real and coincident roots, complex and conjugated roots; Further results on homogeneous equations; The equation is not homogeneous; The method of changing the parameters; The method of indefinite coefficients.
Sequences and series of functions; Punctual and uniform convergence; Criterion of Wierstrass; Uniform convergence and continuity; Convergence and Integration; Uniform convergence and derivation; Power Series; Convergence properties; Criteria for the search for the convergence radius; Integration and derivation of power series; Taylor Series; The binomial series; Evaluation of some integrals through power series; Fourier series.
Integration by series of second order differential equations.
Laplace's transformation; Demonstration property; Transformations of integral and derivative; Solutions to Some Cauchy Problems; The convolution integral; Additional applications.
Functions of multiple variables: generality, limits and continuity; Partial derivatives; Extreme values ​​(classification of critical points); Lagrange multipliers.

A. Laforgia, Equazioni differenziali ordinarie, Accademica editrice
A. Laforgia, Successioni e serie di funzioni, Accademica editrice

Coulomb’s law. Electrostatic energy. The energy of a ionic crystal: NaCl.
Hydrogen atom size estimate. Rutherford’s atomic model. The conservative nature of electric fields. Electrostatic potential. Gradient and curl. Electrostatic dipole. Sources of the electrostatic field: Gauss’ theorem. Divergence of vectorial fields. Conductors. Coulomb’s theorem. Faraday’s shield. Condensers. Energy density of the electrostatic field. Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations. Image method in electrostatics. Series and parallel connection. Electrostatics of dielectrics. Polarization charges. Electronic polarizability. Curie’s law. The Clausius-Mossotti equation. Lorentz’s force and magnetic field. Current density. Continuity equation. Stationary electric currents. Solenoidal fields. Drift speed and thermal speed. Electric resistance snd Ohm’s law. Motion of electric charges within electric and magnetic fields. Anderson’s experiment. Forces on conductors in magnetic fields. Magnetic dipole. Properties of stationary magnetic fields. Biot-Savart’s law. Ampère’s law. Maxwell’s equations for stationary fields. Vector potential. Gauge transformations. Coulomb’s gauge. Electrostatic analogies. Potential energy of magnetic dipoles. The Faraday experiments. The law od electromagnetic induction. Applications of Faraday’s law. Eddy currents. Alternating-current generator. Self and mutual inductance. Reciprocity. Magnetic energy. The Ampère-Maxwell equation. Maxwell’s equations. Solutions of Maxwell’s equation: electrodynamic potentials. Lorentz’s gauge. Wave equation. Maxwell’s equation in free space: propagation of electromagnetic fields. Plane waves. Spherical waves. Retarded potentials. Oscillating dipoles. The energy conservation law. Poynting’s vector. Momentum of electromagnetic fields. Radiation pressure. The origin of refractive index. The mathematics of interference and diffraction. Diffraction gratings. The law of geometrical optics. Rays. The law of reflection and refraction. Fermat’s principle. Image formation systems. Cartesio oval. Spherical lenses. This lens equation. Spherical and chromatic aberrations. Resolving power.

Mazzoldi Nigro Voci - Fisica. Ed. Edises

R. P. Feynamn, The Feynman Lectures on Physics
http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu

Lecture notes by the teacher

Generality on communication systems. Message and signal definition. Signal representations. The signals as elements of a vectorial space. Generalized Fourier Representation. Cross and auto-correlation function: definition and properties. Linear transformations. Linear and time-invariant systems. I/O relations: convolution integral and its properties. Fourier series expansion. Fourier Transform. Parseval and Wiener theorems. Energy and power spectral density. Limited bandwidth signals. Sampling theorem. Sub-sampling effects. Hilbert transform. Analytical signal, complex envelope and low-frequency components of a band-pass signal. Bandwidth limited signals linear transformations and their samples relations.Analogic signals amplitude modulation (BLD-PI, BLD-PS, BLR, BLUE). Synchronous and envelope demodulation. Analogic signals angular modulation (phase and frequency). Frequency modulated demodulation schemes.

Axiomatic theory of probability. The axioms of probability. Bayes' theorem. Random variables. Distribution and probability density function. Mean, variance, moments, covariance matrix. Characteristic function. Functions of one random variable. Multiple random variables: joint distributions. Conditional distributions. Central limit theorem. Gaussian random variables: univariate and multivariate. Bernoulli random variable. Poisson random variable. Laws of large numbers. Stochastic processes: general concepts. Stationary processes. Ergodic processes and related theorems. Parametric stochastic processes. Linear and non-linear transformation of stochastic ergodic processes. Continuous-time random processes; gaussian process, P.A.M. random process, armonic process.

R. Cusani- Teoria dei Segnali- Ingegneria Duemila
Alessandro Neri - Dispense su argomenti di Teoria della probabilità, Variabili Aleatorie, Processi Aleatori
Riccardo Leonardi, Pierangelo Migliorati, Esercizi di Teoria dei Segnali, Terza Edizione, Società Editrice Esculapio, 2011
Online material

From fields to circuits: the limits and validity of the circuit theory. Circuit elements and electrical components. Dipoles. Nodes, branches and network. Kirchhoff's laws. Connections in series and in parallel. Conventions of the generators and users. Electric power. Tellegen's theorem. Linearity, time-invariance, memory. Constitutive laws of passive dipoles: resistor, inductor, capacitor, voltage ideal generators and current ideal generator, mutual inductances, ideal transformer. Analysis of networks without memory: general methods of nodes and mesh nets equivalent. Substitution theorem. Superposition theorem. Theorem of Thevenin-Norton. RLC networks of the first and second order. Permanent and transient response. Free and forced response. Analysis in permanent schemes. Sinusoidal. Phasor method. Concept of impedance and admittance in the frequency domain. Active, reactive and complex power. Notes on harmonic regime and the Fourier series. Symmetrical three-phase systems, unbalanced or balanced, star or delta, three or four wires. Power in three-phase systems. Power factor correction. Methods of measurement of power in three-phase systems. Magnetic circuits. Rotating magnetic field. Notes on electrical machines: single-phase transformers, asynchronous and synchronous machine.

C. K. Alexander e M. Sadiku, Circuiti Elettrici, McGraw Hill, V edizione
Dispense del docente

Course syllabus (short)
Introduction to electronics. Principle of operation and models of: the pn junction, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Biasing the BJT and the MOSFET. Single and multiple stage amplifiers. Differential amplifier. Current sources. Active loads. Frequency response of electronic amplifiers. Logic gates and amplifiers in NMOS and CMOS technology. Feedback theory and feedback amplifiers. Sinusoidal oscillators. Output stages. Other applications of most common analog device circuits.

Course syllabus (detailed)

Introduction: a bit of history, classification of electronic signals, conventions, problem-solving approach, basic concepts from circuit theory, electronic amplifiers, logic inverters, element variation in circuit design, numeric precision.

Solid state electronics: semiconductors and electronic devices, resistivity of insulators, conductors and semiconductors, covalent bonds and band diagrams, forbidden band, intrinsic concentration, electrons and holes in semiconductors, donors and acceptors, controlling carrier concentration with doping, drift and diffusion current, mobility and saturation velocity, temperature and doping dependence of mobility.

Diodes and diode circuits: structure and layout, electrostatics of the pn junction, regions of operation (forward, reverse, breakdown), large and small signal models, analysis and design of diode circuits, applications (rectifiers, power supplies, regulators, DC-DC converters).

Field effect transistor (MOSFET): structure and principle of operation, regions of operation (triode, saturation, cut-off), analytical model and i-v characteristics, DC MOSFET circuits, bias of MOSFET, the MOSFET as an amplifier and as a logic inverter, small signal equivalent circuits, single stage MOS amplifiers, MOSFET capacitances and frequency response, NMOS and CMOS logic inverters.

Bipolar junction ransistor (BJT): structure and principle of operation, regions of operation (active, inverse, saturation, cut-off), analytical model and i-v characteristics, DC BJT circuits, bias of BJT, the BJT as an amplifier and as a logic inverter, small signal equivalent circuits, single stage BJT amplifiers, BJT capacitances and frequency response, discrete voltage regulators.

Integrated amplifiers: design concept of integrated circuits, MOSFET/BJT comparison, biasing integrated circuits, frequency response, CS and CE amplifiers, CG and CB amplifiers, the Cascode amplifier, CD and CC amplifiers.

Differential amplifier: MOSFET differential pair, large and small signal operation, BJT differential pair, large and small signal operation, ideal/real differential amplifiers, active loaded differential amplifiers, frequency response.

Feedback: basic concepts of feedback theory, classification of feedback circuits, properties, examples, stability and compensation.

Sinusoidal oscilators: introduction to oscillators, the Barkhausen criteria, LC tuned oscillators (Colpitts and Hartley), crystal oscillators, design examples.

Output stages and power amplifiers: characteristics and classification of output stages, common emitter class A output stage, common collector class A output stage, class B and AB, power efficiency and dissipation.

A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith "Circuiti per la microelettronica" EDISES 4th edition
or
A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith "Circuiti per la microelettronica" EDISES 3rd edition
or
A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith "Microelectronic Circuits (5th edition or later)

+ additional contents on Moodle e-learning platform

Basic Concepts
Automatic control usefulness. Feedforward and feedback control. Block diagram. Mathematical models for dynamical systems. Systems taxonomy (linearity, stationarity, etc.). State definition.

Linear and Stationary System Analysis
Laplace transform and its properties. Inverse Laplace transform by partial-fraction expansion. Input-Output model of dynamical systems. Transfer function. Convolution. First- and Second-Order System Response. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady-state. Modes of the system. BIBO stability. Routh criterion for stability. Block diagram and their algebra.

Frequency Response
Definitions. Impulse Response. Step Response. Bode plot techniques. Nyquist plot techniques. Nichols plot techniques.

Feedback Systems Analysis
Closed-loop stability from open-loop frequency response. Nyquist stability criterion. Stability margins. Steady-state tracking and system type.

Closed-Loop Frequency Response
Design relations. PID Controller. Lead Compensator. Lag Compensator.

Main Textbook

Roberto Vitelli, Massimiliano Petternella, Fondamenti di Automatica, Edizioni Efesto
Roberto Vitelli, Massimiliano Petternella, Fondamenti di Automatica, Edizioni Scientifiche Siderea

Additional Textbook
Giovanni Marro, Controlli Automatici, quarta edizione 1997, Zanichelli.

Remind of vectorial analysis. Vectors. Scalar and vectorial fields. Differential operators. Orthogonal curvilinear systems of coordinates. Dirac function. Non-rotational and solenoidal fields. Hints of dyadic analysis.

Fundamental equations of the electromagnetic field. Maxwell’s equations. Constitutive relations. Boundary conditions. Classification of electromagnetic problems. Poynting and uniqueness Theorems.

Equations of the electromagnetic field in the frequency domain. Reminds on representation of sinusoidal time dependence and Fourier Transform methods. Complex vectors. Constitutive relations and boundary conditions in the frequency domain. Non-polar dispersive dielectric. Pointing’s and uniqueness theorems in the frequency domain.

Plane waves. Helmholtz equation. Electrodynamic potential functions. Wavefunction. Plane waves in free space and their propagation. Polarization. Uniform plane waves in a non-dispersive medium (with and without dissipation). Secondary constants. Plane-wave spectrum. Group velocity.

Reflection and refraction of plane waves. Normal incidence. Oblique incidence.

Transmission lines. Telegraphist’s equations and their solution. Impedance, admittance and reflection coefficients. Standing wave ratio. Reflection of plane waves studied by means of transmission lines.
Waveguides. Cylindrical symmetry. TM, TE, and TEM transmission lines. Metallic waveguides. Eingenvalue problems. Mode propagation. Rectangular waveguide.
Electromagnetic field radiated by an assigned distribution of currents. Deterministic problem. Green’s functions. Free space Green’s function. General and approximate solutions. Hertz dipole. Basic notions on antennas.

In class exercises are integral part of the Course.

G. Gerosa, P. Lampariello, "Lezioni di Campi elettromagnetici", Edizioni Ingegneria 2000, seconda edizione, 2006.
Slides from lessons.

The role of instrumentation and biomedical technologies
Elements of physiology, and biopotentials.
Elements of applied electronics.
Biopotential sampling: conditioning, sampling and quantization.
The electrocardiograph.
Elements of electrical safety and laboratory instrumentation.
Seminars and exercise lessons.

Material provided by the teacher and suggested books.

Analog Electronics
OpAmp: open-loop ideal characteristics and negative feedback. Inverting and non-inverting configurations. OpAmp power supply. Output saturation. Single power supply OpAmps. DC voltage and current generators. I-V converters. Current amplifiers. Measurement and differential amplifiers.
Active filters: first and second order filters. Sallen-Key and multiple feedback configurations. Higher order filters. Standard filter responses: Bessel, Buttherworth and Chebyshev.
Static and dynamic OpAmps limitations: OpAmps non-idealities. Bias and offset currents. Offset voltage. OpAmps frequency response. Compensated and non-compensated amplifiers. Rise-time and slew-rate.
Stability and frequency compensation: stability criteria. Phase margin. Frequency compensation techniques.
Nonlinear circuits and signal generators: monolithic voltage comparators. Schmitt’s trigger. Harmonic signal generator. Wien’s bridge and feedback oscillators. Multivibrators. 555 timer and its applications.

Digital Electronics
Combinational devices and circuits: logic variables, Boole’s algebra and Boolean functions. Truth tables, Karnaugh’s maps. Boolean function minimization and representation with NAND ports (SOP) and NOR ports (POS). Output timing in combinational circuits. Don’t care conditions. Combinational circuits design with logic ports. Encoder and decoders. Function generation with decoders. Multiplexers and demultiplexers. Function generation with multiplexers. Read Only Memories. Programmable logic devices (PAL and PLA).
Sequential circuits: Set-Reset latch. Set-Reset latch with clock. Master-Slave flip-flop. J-K flip-flop. D flip-flop. Edge triggered flip-flop. Shit registers (SISO, PIPO, SIPO, PISO). Right-shift, left-shift and bidirectional shift of binary data. Ring shift, 1 and 0 circulators. Asynchronous binary counters: ripple counter and frequency dividers. Forward and backward counters. Bidirectional counters. Arbitrary base counters. Synchronous counters. Ring counters.
Analog-to-digital conversion. Sampling theorem. SAR, Flash and sigma-delta converters.

Sergio Franco
Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits
McGraw-Hill, 2003

Jerry D. Daniels
Digital Design from Zero to One
John Wiley & sons, Inc., 1996

• Reflection and interference phenomena
Maxwell's equations; Helmholtz’s equation; constitutive equations; spherical and plane waves; reflection and refraction laws; total internal reflection; Fresnel coefficients; etalon; Fabry Perot interferometer; interference between two or more waves; diffractive gratings; thin lens; spherical mirrors; image formation.

• Guided wave optics
Planar waveguides: dispersion equation; optical modes; coupled waveguides. Optical fibers: modes in a step-index fiber; multimode fibers; chromatic dispersion; non-linear effects: SPM, XPM, FWM, Raman scattering; WDM; design guidelines.

• Photonic Integrated circuits
Planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices: power splitters; directional couplers; Mach Zehnder interferometer; optical filters; wavelength multiplexers; MMI coupler, Bragg grating,

• Wave optics
Plane wave expansion; angular spectrum representation; Rayleigh-Sommerfeld equation; Fresnel and the Fraunhofer approximation; diffraction from a rectangular and a circular aperture; paraxial wave equation; Gaussian beams; optical resonators; effect of a lens on a Gaussian beam; effect of a lens on the field propagation; optical resolution.

• Imaging and spectroscopy
Image formation with coherent and incoherent illumination; resolving power; numerical aperture; cameras; microscopes; optical spectrometer; blazed gratings; Fourier spectroscopy.

• Polarization and optical anisotropy
Polarization states; Jones calculus; Stokes parameters; Poincarè sphere; anisotropic crystals; half-wave plate, quarter-wave plate; liquid crystals.

• Laser and LED
Einstein equations; absorption and emission in a semiconductor; optical density of the states; LED, OLED; semiconductor lasers; rate equations; FP and DFB lasers.

• Optical Receivers
PIN and avalanche photodiodes; noise; bit error rate (BER); Q parameter; eye diagram; sensitivity; quantum limit of photodetection.

Gori - Elementi di ottica
Dispense fornite dal docente

Part I – Basic concepts of electromagnetic field theory. Maxwell's equations and boundary conditions. Complex notation and polarization. Fundamental theorems. Vector potentials. Free-space Green's function. Hertz dipole. Radiation. Electromagnetic uniform/non-uniform waves. Phase and group velocity.

Constitutive relations and material classification (bi-anisotropic, anisotropic, bi-isotropic, isotropic): linear/non-linear, homogeneous/non-homogeneous, stationary/non-stationary, local/non-local, dispersive/non-dispersive materials. Constitutive parameters in the frequency and wave-number domain. Causality and Kramers-Kronig relations.

Part II – Transmission lines. Introduction to transmission lines. Transmission line equations and solutions. Primary and secondary parameters of transmission lines. Reflection and transmission coefficients. VSWR. Matching stubs and matching strategies. Smith's chart and its applications.

Part III – Plane-wave propagation. Propagation of plane-waves in unbounded linear, homogeneous and stationary media. Dispersion equation. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Propagation of plane-waves in uniaxial materials. Propagation of plane-waves in bi-axial materials. Propagation of plane-waves in ferrites and chiral materials.

Part IV – Planar waveguides. Analysis and guided modes of a planar asymmetric dielectric slab. Analysis and guided modes of a planar symmetric dielectric slab. Analysis and guided modes of a grounded dielectric slab. Surface plasmon polaritons: analysis and dispersion equation. Transverse resonance method.

Part V – Metallic waveguides. Introduction to microwave engineering. The electromagnetic spectrum. Frequency bands and applications. Microwaves. Transverse-longitudinal field decomposition. TE, TM, TEM waves. Open and closed metallic and dielectric waveguides. Waveguide properties (phase velocity, group velocity, attenuation, characteristic impedance, etc.) Eigenvalues and eigenmodes. Rectangular waveguides. Circular waveguides. Coaxial waveguides. Microstrip line.

Sergei Tretyakov, "Analytical Modeling in Applied Electromagnetics", Artech House.
Landau and Lifshitz, "Electrodynamics of Continuous Media", 2nd Edition, Butterworth and Heinemann
Ari Sihvola, "Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications", IET

Classical Detection Theory: Bayes and Minimax procedures. Binary Hypothesis Tests. Detection of signals in additive Gaussian noise. M Hypotheses tests. Thermal noise modelling in active and passive circuits and networks. Channel modelling. Intersymbol Interference. ASK, QAM, and PSK Modulation: principles, architectures and performance assessment. Optimal and suboptimal systems. OQPSK and MSK modulations. Spread Spectrum techniques. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). OVSF Walsh-Hadamard expansion codes. Shift register based pseudo random sequences. Gold and Kasami codes. Adaptive rate control. Performance analysis: synchronous and asynchronous reception. Multipath and fading channels: wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (wwssu) model. Rake receiver for multipath channels: architecture and DS-CDMA performance. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. Time and frequency domain representations of OFDM signals. Modulation/demodulation architecture. Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm. Equalization in the Discrete Fourier Transform domain. Cyclic prefix use. OFDM performance analysis. Diversity and combining techniques, MIMO systems and cooperative communications. Error control coding.

A. NERI. "APPUNTI DALLE LEZIONI DI TRASMISSIONI NUMERICHE".
DISPONIBILE GRATUITAMENTE IN FORMA ELETTRONICA DAL SITO HTTP://ELEARNING.DIA.UNIROMA3.IT/MOODLE/.

Safak, Mehmet. Digital Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017. Freely readable for ROMA TRE students at ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniroma3-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4786293.

Classical Detection Theory: Bayes and Minimax procedures. Binary Hypothesis Tests. Detection of signals in additive Gaussian noise. M Hypotheses tests. Thermal noise modelling in active and passive circuits and networks. Channel modelling. Intersymbol Interference. ASK, QAM, and PSK Modulation: principles, architectures and performance assessment. Optimal and suboptimal systems. OQPSK and MSK modulations. Spread Spectrum techniques. Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). OVSF Walsh-Hadamard expansion codes. Shift register based pseudo random sequences. Gold and Kasami codes. Adaptive rate control. Performance analysis: synchronous and asynchronous reception. Multipath and fading channels: wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (wwssu) model. Rake receiver for multipath channels: architecture and DS-CDMA performance. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. Time and frequency domain representations of OFDM signals. Modulation/demodulation architecture. Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm. Equalization in the Discrete Fourier Transform domain. Cyclic prefix use. OFDM performance analysis. Diversity and combining techniques, MIMO systems and cooperative communications. Error control coding.

A. NERI. "APPUNTI DALLE LEZIONI DI TRASMISSIONI NUMERICHE".
DISPONIBILE GRATUITAMENTE IN FORMA ELETTRONICA DAL SITO HTTP://ELEARNING.DIA.UNIROMA3.IT/MOODLE/.

Safak, Mehmet. Digital Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017. Freely readable for ROMA TRE students at ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniroma3-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4786293.

Mathematical tools for circuit analysis: Laplace transform. Z-transform. Fourier transform. Fourier series. Expression of canonical signals in terms of the main transform. Power of a periodic signal.
Graph theory. Analysis to potential node and the meshes. Current and voltage equations for tree and co-tree. Additional considerations on the Tellegen's theorem. State equation and natural modes of an electric circuit.
Network theorems. Substitution theorem. Expression of the solution of a linear electric network using convolution integral. Thevenin's theorem. Superposition. Lorentz reciprocity. Theorem of Reciprocity. Notes on the two-ports and on the reciprocity theorem applied to the two-ports.
ransmission lines . Distributed parameter circuits . Scattering parameters and Smith chart .
Circuits for the signal processing . Passive filters . Approximation to Butterworth , the Chebicev , the Bessel - Thomson . Synthesis of passive filters . Active RC - filters . Sensitivity of an electric network by realization parameters . Realisation of filters by means of switching circuits ( discrete time ).
Outline of nonlinear circuits. Nonlinear circuits for signal processing. Nonlinear circuits for DC / AC conversion.
Circuit computer simulation .

Introduction to Metrology. Systems of units, International System of Units, conversions. Errors, uncertainty. Fundamentals of statistics, statistical description of the uncertainty. Data analysis, fitting procedures, tests.
Electromechanical instruments. Electronics instruments. Analog oscilloscope.
Converters and digital instrumentation: typical errors and uncertainties.
Sampling: aliasing, windowing.
Measuring methods of electrical quantities. Null methods.
Electrical noise.

Notes and slides.
Selected chapters form the books:
R. Bartiromo, M. De Vincenzi “Electrical Measurements in the Laboratory Practice”, Springer (*)
P. Fornasini “The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements”, Springer (*)
J. R. Taylor, “An Introduction to Error Analysis”, 2nd ed., University Science Book (**)
I. G. Hughes, T. P. A. Hase “Measurements and their Uncertainties”, Oxford University Press, 2010
R. B. Northrop “Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements”, CRC Press
(*) available online through the University library
(**) freely available online at archive.org
Links to online material will be checked during the course.

Introduction to Metrology. Systems of units, International System of Units, conversions. Errors, uncertainty. Fundamentals of statistics, statistical description of the uncertainty. Data analysis, fitting procedures, tests.
Electromechanical instruments. Electronics instruments. Analog oscilloscope.
Converters and digital instrumentation: typical errors and uncertainties.
Sampling: aliasing, windowing.
Measuring methods of electrical quantities. Null methods.
Electrical noise.

Notes and slides.
Selected chapters form the books:
R. Bartiromo, M. De Vincenzi “Electrical Measurements in the Laboratory Practice”, Springer (*)
P. Fornasini “The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements”, Springer (*)
J. R. Taylor, “An Introduction to Error Analysis”, 2nd ed., University Science Book (**)
I. G. Hughes, T. P. A. Hase “Measurements and their Uncertainties”, Oxford University Press, 2010
R. B. Northrop “Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements”, CRC Press
(*) available online through the University library
(**) freely available online at archive.org
Links to online material will be checked during the course.