The topics of the lessons, grouped into seven cycles, will be the following:

1. THE CITY FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE: URBAN PLANNING TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEORY OF THE CITY

 Cities and treatises between the 15th and 16th centuries: premises for Renaissance urban planning

 The palace as a city in nuce: Urbino, Ferrara and Pienza

 Rome in the fifteenth century - I

 Rome in the fifteenth century - II

 Rome in the first half of the sixteenth century

 Rome in the second half of the sixteenth century

 The urban planning of Naples and Palermo in the sixteenth century

2. ROME: THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE CITY BETWEEN BAROQUE MAGNIFICENCE AND NEOCLASSIC RULE

 The urban planning of Baroque Rome

 Rome in the eighteenth century - I

 Rome in the eighteenth century - II

3. THE CULTURE OF URBAN DESIGN IN ENLIGHTENMENT EUROPE

• France: Paris from the Patte plan to the Napoleonic age

• Great Britain: London from the "Great Fire" to Nash's interventions

• Some Italian situations: Turin, Milan, Rome, Naples, Messina

• St. Petersburg and Tsarist Russia

4. THE GREAT URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BIRTH OF THE URBAN PLANNING DISCIPLINE

• Haussmann's Paris.

• Vienna and the Ring.

• Berlin and the Mietkasernen.

• Barcelona and Plan Cerdà.

• Theoretical elaborations on the city in Germany between the 19th and 20th centuries: Baumeister, Stübben, Eberstadt. The thoughts of Camillo Sitte.

5. 'ANTI-URBAN' THEORIES AND EXPERIENCES

• The problem of workers' residence from the proposals of utopian socialism to the first industrial villages.

• Howard and the Garden City. Unwin and the Garden Suburb.

• The diffusion and developments of the idea of ​​the Garden City in Germany and Austria: Gartenstadt, Gartensiedlung, rural colonies and workers' cities from the beginning of the century to the Third Reich. Moments of the Italian story: 'garden cities' and 'new cities'.

• Soria y Mata and the linear city.

6. TRENDS IN URBAN DESIGN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The relationship with the historic city:

• Berlage and the Dutch affair.

• Vienna from Otto Wagner to the Höfe.

• Perret and the Le Havre case.

• The monumental city of totalitarian regimes: Rome and Berlin.

The myth of the new:

• Garnier and the Cité industrielle.

• The 'modern' metropolis. Le Corbusier and Hilberseimer.

• The rationalist Siedlungen in Weimar Germany.

• Affirmation, diffusion and crisis of the urban planning concepts of the Modern Movement: the Weissenhofsiedlung, the C.I.A.M. affair, the International Style, housing units and macrostructures, the recovery of historical memory after the Second World War.

The American city
• Notes on overseas colonies (17th century)
• Urban planning developments in the United States of America in the age of Liberalism: structure and form
• The new American frontier cities
• From the 'Park Movement' to the 'City Beautiful Movement'
• New York
• Chicago: urban developments from its birth to the '93 World's Fair. Burnham's Plan of 1909
• Washington
• San Francisco

7. THE “VERTICAL” CITY
• From nineteenth-century miradors to the symbolic skyscrapers in the urban planning of the new millennium

 Enrico GUIDONI, La Città dal Medioevo al Rinascimento, Biblioteca di Cultura moderna, 848, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1989, pp. 215-255.
 ID., Angela MARINO, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Cinquecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1982
 ID., Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Seicento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1982
 Paolo MICALIZZI, Roma nel XVIII secolo, Atlante storico delle città italiane, Roma 3, Edizioni Kappa, Roma 2003
 Paolo SICA, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Settecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981
 ID, Storia dell'urbanistica. L'Ottocento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981, voll. I-II
 Italo INSOLERA, Roma Moderna, Un secolo di Storia Urbanistica 1870-1970, Einaudi, Torino 1993
 Paolo SICA, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Novecento, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1981

The program of the 25th edition of the Villard traveling international Design Seminar will be decided by the organizing office in September 2023

The texts and the reference bibliography will be provided once the year's theme is known

The Course deals with the study of architectonic barriers and design and technological solutions able to overcome them, in order to guarantee for all the people the accessibility to settings, facilities and furniture.
The town and transport system’s planning, the new and existing building’s design must provide for all that solutions able to allow a free berries spaces, promoting orientation and both settings and hazardous situations recognition, at the same time.
Therefore, confirming the idea that man, in his broadest sense, must be placed at the centre of the project, the concepts of accessibility and availability will be integrated into those ones concerning comfort, safety and multisensory.

Tatano, V. [2018]. Atlante dell’accessibilità urbana a Venezia, Conegliano: Anteferma edizioni.

The aims of Urban Studies course are to provide students with the essential theoretical framework for a critical understanding of urban issues and to be able to compare these with the more large vision of the urban project. The structure of the course and the issues proposed will allow the student to put his university training experience in dialogue with the themes of architecture and those of urban studies by establishing interconnections to build a more global picture of urban skills.

I testi sono quelli che saranno oggetto delle letture svolte in aula, e saranno indicate di volta in volta. A titolo esemplificativo:
Massimo Cacciari, La città, Pazzini
Leonardo Benevolo, La cattura dell'infinito, Laterza
Giovanni Ferraro, Il libro dei luoghi, Jaka book
Roberto Esposito, Communitas, Einaudi
Michel Foucault, Spazi altri, i luoghi delle eterotopie (a cura di) S. Vaccaro, Mimesis
Francesco Remotti, Contro l'identità, Laterza

The class introduces students to complexity in Architectural Design. The class proposes and explains the digital means, the procedures, the uses and the organization of contemporary Design Offices mroe oriented toward innovation and integration of different instances in the design. The class is oriented as a small Laboratory, even is its results are evaluated in the understanding of the theory and the new concepts introduced. Students produce a series of small designs, based on the direct experimentation of digital procedures in BIM software, conceived in its parametric core identity. So there is a strict relationship between technology introduced and design topics, thanks to a careful selection and filter of the proposed functions. The basic assumption of the class is that there is a strict need of facing new technologies, deeply understanding them and their power, but in a day to day effort to engage them in a design based thinking. The aim is to prepare students to a mindset that is fruitful in the contemporary professional and cultural context.

The proposal to operate in a small town, not far from Rome, concerns the possibility of dealing with an immanent and exemplary theme with respect to the Italian urban reality, the renewal and development of smaller towns, affected in recent decades by the absence of planning and from abandonment. These places are affected by profound social transformations, some foreign communities in recent decades have been repopulating the belt of small towns around Rome given the availability of housing and a lower cost of living than the capital, where they go to work.
These processes, if understood and accompanied by institutions and by clear planning, could constitute a resource for places that need a development and transformation horizon.


The direct experience of architecture plays a decisive role in the laboratory, in order to privilege
the physical and immanent dimension with respect to the theoretical one.
Therefore, a series of educational visits to urban environments are proposed, during which the characteristics of the spaces and their relationships with the context are surveyed with the drawing.

The first exercise foresees a work of analysis and reconstruction, to be carried out in groups, of illustrious urban projects. To acquire knowledge and composition tools of urban space and its formal structures through the study of past design experiences.

The course proposes group work on an urban project as its main activity, in the ways to be defined based on the number of students enrolled.

L. BENEVOLO, La cattura dell'infinito, Roma 1991
F. CELLINI, Architettura e città, Palermo 1991 (dispensa)
C. SITTE, L'arte di costruire la città, Roma 1969
A. e P. SMITHSON, The Space Between, Colonia 2016

The laboratory develops the idea of ​​C.I.R.C.O. (Casa Indispensable for Civic Recreation and Hospitality) proposing a rethinking of the welcoming spaces for migrants, transients and mobile populations, starting from the reuse of the abandoned or underused Roman real estate assets. The goal is to facilitate access to these spaces for all the inhabitants of the city, opening them up to the collective construction of living, spaces for exchange and sociability. The project involves the development of indications for a welcoming policy, in a more mutual sense of hospitality, aimed at generating new forms of reciprocity and coexistence. The work is in direct contact with the local area and its communities.

The course intervene at the core of the city in a creative, interdisciplinary and participatory way. It offers lessons about the relationship between arts, architecture and the city, and direct experiences such as urban explorations, realization of micro-structures at the 1:1 scale, events and performative actions of a high civic and symbolic content, in complex social contexts, with special attention to the intercultural city and the migrant's hospitality.
We can explain the teaching approach goes in three main words: Arts Architecture City.
By Arts we mean the tools of knowledge that guide us towards the comprehension of the dynamics of contemporary urban transformations; poetic glances that are able to reveal those aspects of the city that are often invisible, and to provoke their potentialities.
We understand Architecture as a practice of reading and processing space, both in a physical and symbolic way. The course offers to the students an occasion to experiment the construction of an artifact in the city that is able to provoke social transformations.
We view the City as a contested space, not just in terms of the formal regulations that aim to rule its development but in terms of those new dwelling practices that seek to transform housing and neighborhoods, to change the use and meaning of public space, and to claim people’s right to the city.

https://laboratoriocirco.wordpress.com/

for an overview of the course topics and results of the last years see the course blog: https://laboratoriocirco.wordpress.com/

basic Bibliography:
- FRANCESCO CARERI, LORENZO ROMITO, CAMPUS ROM, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, MATERA 2017
- FRANCESCO CARERI, WALKSCAPES. EL ANDAR COMO PRÀCTICA ESTÉTICA / WALKING AS AN AESTHETIC PRACTICE, EDITORIAL GUSTAVO GILI, BARCELLONA 2002, TRAD IT. WALKSCAPES. IL CAMMINARE COME PRATICA ESTETICA, EINAUDI, TORIMO 2006.
-ANNA DETHERIDGE, SCULTORI DELLA SPERANZA. L'ARTE NEL CONTESTO DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE, EINAUDI 2012
- AA.VV., INTERNAZIONALE SITUAZIONISTA 1958-69, NAUTILUS/STAMPATRE, TORINO, 1994
- FRANCESCO CARERI, CONSTANT / NEW BABYLON, UNA CITTÀ NOMADE, TESTO & IMMAGINE, TORINO, 2001
- BRUCE CHATWIN, THE SONGLINES (1987), TRAD. IT. LE VIE DEI CANTI, ADELPHI, MILANO, 1988
- FRANCO LA CECLA., PERDERSI, L'UOMO SENZA AMBIENTE, LATERZA, BARI, 1988
- PETER LANG, A CURA DI., SUBURBAN DISCIPLINE, PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, NEW YORK, 1997
- ROSALIND KRAUSS, PASSAGES IN MODERN SCULPTURE, MIT PRESS, 1981, TR. IT. PASSAGGI, BRUNO MONDADORI, MILANO, 1998

Tools and methods for diagnostic of structures in different construction materials.
Destructive Tests (DT), Semi Destructive Tests, Non Destructive Tests (NDT).
Masonry: Double and single flat jacks, penetrometric test, video endoscopy, ultrasonic detector, tomography.
Reinforced Concrete: pacometer, sclerometer, core drilling, ultrasonic detector, Sonreb, Corrosion (Gecor).
Legno: hygrometer, ultrasonic detector, penetrometric test (woodpecker), resistographic test (Resistograph).
Criteria and modelling for interpretation of non destructive measures NDT.
Diagnostic integrated with geometric models assisted by drones and photogrammetry, BIM (Building Information Modelling) and FE (Finite Element) modelling for structural analysis.
Experiences in laboratoy and in situ.

During the course the necessary material will be provided, possibly accompanied by extracts of regulations and guidelines.

The course, which is based on the results of the SIXXI research project, proposes a reading through the history of Italian structural engineering between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The stories of some works, of many protagonists (the most famous Pier Luigi Nervi and Riccardo Morandi, but also neglected designers like Silvano Zorzi, Sergio Musmeci, Giulio Krall, Gino Covre and many others), of epic yards, will be studied in depth, to grasp the identity of the Italian School of Engineering and its possible future.

By offering the course the results of a research in progress, there are no updated publications on which to study without following the lessons.
However, the 5 volumes of the SIXXI series - History of structural engineering in Italy, edited by T. Iori and S. Poretti, Gangemi publisher, published between 2014 and 2020 are useful for the preparation, together with the monographic number:
T. Iori, S. Poretti (edited by), The Italian School of Engineering, "Rassegna di Architettura e Urbanistica", 148, January-April 2016

The course traces the history of 20th century Italian architecture, from the Unification of Italy to the end of the century, focusing on the protagonists, works and themes of the architectural and urban planning debate. The course is divided into classroom lessons and outdoor visits. In A.Y. 2024-25 the course is dedicated to architecture in Rome, with particular attention to completed and unbuilt works, to the various movements read in relation to the international debate, to competitions and exhibitions, and to moments of continuity and discontinuity of theoretical discourse.
There will be talks by specialist scholars.

The course aims to address, a transversal way. the main professional topics, with characteristics of preparatory to specialized topics.
With attendance at the course of not less than 90%, the recognition of the legal module (28 hours) is provided for the training of the safety coordinator in design and execution and the head of the prevention and protection service.
Introduction to Occupational Safety.
• Basic legislation on occupational safety and hygiene; the contractual regulations relating to occupational safety and health aspects; the legislation on insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases.
• The Consolidated Law on health and safety in the workplace with particular reference to Title I. The subjects of the Company Prevention System: tasks, obligations, civil and criminal liability.
Concepts of risk, danger, prevention and protection. Methodologies for the identification, analysis and assessment of risks.
• European regulations and their value; the rules of good technique; product directives.
• Sanctioning regulations and inspection procedures. Specific legislation on health and safety on temporary or mobile construction sites and work at height. Title IV of the Consolidated Law on health and safety in the workplace.
• The figures involved in the realization of the work: the tasks, obligations, responsibilities□ civil and criminal.
• The safe organization of the construction site. The timetable of the works. Documentary obligations on the part of clients, companies, safety coordinators.
Public procurement
• The Framework Law on LLPP and the main implementing decrees
• Public Works Accounting and the Procurement Code (Legislative Decree no. 18 April 2016, n.
50). the specific Implementing Guidelines of the new Procurement Code
• The accounting documents: the Work Journal, the Measurement Book, the Accounting Register, the Work Progress Status (SAL), the Certificate for payment of the installments, the Final Account of the works and the related Report
Urban planning procedures
The structure of Presidential Decree no. 380/2001
• The building interventions provided for in Presidential Decree no. 380/2001
• The building permits provided for in Presidential Decree no. 380/2001
• Free building activities
• The free activity in Table A attached to Legislative Decree no. no. 222/2016
• The sworn communication of the start of work (CILA)
• Interventions subject to CILA in Table A attached to Legislative Decree no. 222/2016
• The certified notification of the start of activity (SCIA)
• The interventions subject to SCIA in Table A attached to Legislative Decree no. no. 222/2016
• The certified notification of the start of activity (SCIA)
Fire prevention legislation
• Presidential Decree no. 151 of 1 August 201
The energy performance of buildings
• Energy diagnosis of buildings.
Minimum Environmental Criteria for Construction
• D.M. 256 of 23/06/2022 technical specifications of the building technical specifications of the building components: materials technical specifications of the building components: systems technical specifications of the construction site.
Taxonomy Regulation and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 of 4 June 2021
• Technical screening criteria to determine under what conditions an economic activity can be considered to contribute substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and whether it does not cause significant harm to any other environmental objective.

Testi adottati:
- Alfredo Simonetti - Antonio Di Muro
Repertorio di piani di sicurezza e coordinamento, EPC editore;
- Antonio Di Muro – Raffaele Sabatino
La progettazione della sicurezza nel cantiere, INAIL 2015
- Testo unico per la salute e la sicurezza sul lavoro

The course deals with issues and exemplary and/or controversial cases of the international debate on the restoration of monuments and on the conservation of cultural heritage.
Criteria, traditions, methods and techniques, related to specific geographical areas, orient and consolidate different ways of operating in other latitudes, sometimes in analogy, sometimes in open contrast with the principles of the Italian restoration discipline.
The monographic lectures, alongside the reading of the case studies, are accompanied by a continuous comparison with the documents and the international restoration charters, which evolve in parallel with the widening and progress of the conceptions on the nature and the specificity of the "cultural heritages", differentiated both for the contexts and geographical areas in which they arise, both for the history, traditions and cultures that have accompanied them over the centuries.
The study of diversity, as well as cultural singularities - in the field of restoration - in other nations contributes to enrich the knowledge of the theme and broadens the reference horizons of those who will be called to intervene, overcoming ideological barriers and prejudices, with greater awareness and responsibility on the existing built.

Carlo Ceschi, Teoria e Storia del restauro; Bulzoni, Roma 1970.
Jukka Jokilehto, A History of Architectural Conservation, Butterworth Heinemann - ICCROM, Oxford 1999.
Maria Margarita Segarra Lagunes, Restauración. Método y proyectos, Editorial técnica Avicam, Granada 2018.
Maria Margarita Segarra Lagunes, Método y práctica de la restauración arquitectónica, Efesto editore, Roma 2018.

The program of the 25th edition of the Villard traveling international Design Seminar will be decided by the organizing office in September 2023

The texts and the reference bibliography will be provided once the year's theme is known

The course program is composed of three sections.
1) History of archaeological restoration culture, with specific focus on Rome (Roman Forum, Palatine Hill, Imperial Fora). The lectures aim to highlight the history of changes and re-use which have led to the loss of the original architectural identity up to the time of its intentional “re-creation”, starting from the second half of the Eighteenth Century. This new culture and its different outcomes developed during the last two centuries will be analyzed: excavations, restorations, reconstructions, anastylosis and enhancement projects.
2) Lectures on the restoration culture relating to its interdisciplinary point of view.
3) Small group activities (critical analysis on design projects strictly related to cultural heritage).

Section 1
- I. Insolera, Roma moderna. Un secolo di storia urbanistica 1870-1970, Roma 1962.
- R. Krautheimer, Roma. Profilo di una città, 312-1308, Roma 1981 (1° ed. 1980).
- I. Insolera-F. Perego, Archeologia e città. Storia moderna dei Fori di Roma, Bari 1983.
- M. Jonsson, La cura dei monumenti alle origini. Restauro e scavo di monumenti antichi a Roma 1800-1830, Stockholm 1986.
- S. Settis, Continuità, distanza, conoscenza. Tre usi dell'antico, in S. Settis (a cura di), Memoria dell'antico nell'arte italiana, vol. III, Dalla tradizione all'archeologia, Torino 1986, pp. 373-486.
- S. Casiello, Problemi di conservazione e restauro nei primi decenni dell’Ottocento, in Id. (a cura di), Restauro tra metamorfosi e teorie, Napoli 1992.
- E. Pallottino, Roma 1846-1878: restauro di monumenti antichi tra rappezzi mimetici e ricostruzioni semplificate, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 52, 1994, pp.69-71.
- P. D'Orsi, Roma: Pantheon, Portico degli Dei Consenti, Colosseo. Tre monumenti antichi restaurati a metà Ottocento, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 52, 1994, pp.72-77.
- E. Pallottino, Restauro e ricostruzione dell'antico, dopo le esperienze del Governatorato di Roma e i loro precedenti ottocenteschi, in L. Prisco (a cura), Architettura moderna a Roma e nel Lazio, 1920-1945. Conoscenza e tutela, Roma 1996, pp. 55-62.
- S. Casiello (ed.), Verso una storia del restauro. Dall'età classica al primo Ottocento, Firenze 2008.
- P. Porretta, Antonio Muñoz e via dei Fori Imperiali a Roma, in E. Pallottino (ed.), Architetti e archeologi costruttori d’identità, in Ricerche di Storia dell’arte, 95, 2008, pp. 30-43.

Sections 2 e 3
- A. Ricci, Attorno alla nuda pietra. Archeologia e città tra identità e progetto, Roma 2006.
- E. Pallottino (ed.), Architetti e archeologi costruttori d’identità, in Ricerche di Storia dell’arte, 95, 2008, pp. 30-43.
- D. Manacorda, R. Santangeli Valenzani, L. Franciosini, E. Pallottino, S. Picciola, A. Carlini, P. Porretta (eds.), Arch.it.arch, dialoghi di archeologia e architettura, seminari 2005|2006, Roma 2009.
- E. Pallottino (ed.), Roma, Torre dei Conti. Ricerca, formazione, progetto, in Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, n. 108, 2012.
- P. Porretta, L'invenzione moderna del paesaggio antico della Banditaccia. Raniero Mengarelli a Cerveteri, Roma 2019.

Slides will be available to all students.
Further bibliographical references will be suggested during the course.

Cultural Heritage and regionalist architecture
The course will focus on predominantly Roman themes, from the establishment of Roma Capitale (1871) to the 1930s. During the lectures and seminars, the role played by the Istituto per le Case Popolari in Roma (ICP) in the development of the city in the 1920s and 1930s will be explored in particular. This theme is part of the study of regionalist architecture and the recovery of the language of tradition, the only one capable of restoring architecture and historic centres to their identity. The analysis of the various topics is thus intended to contribute to reflecting on a rich heritage of building and urban culture linked to the tradition of places, in particular the role played by Gustavo Giovannoni in the relationship between "Old Town and New Buildings". The study of regionalist architecture is intended to provide an understanding of the principles and methods of different building experiences related to the project of architectural and urban restoration. Identifying the typological, stylistic and constructive characteristics of 20th century regionalist contexts allows us to understand restoration as a philological process of revealing compromised architectural identities. This process will be explored through the presentation of the figure of Paolo Marconi (1933-2013), architect-restorer, and some of his projects, including the Palladian Basilica in Vicenza, the Teatro Carignano and the Venaria Reale in Turin, the Castle of Alcamo, Palazzo Riccio in Trapani

- P. MARCONI, "Il restauro architettonico. Mentalità, ideologie, pratiche", in "Storia dell'architettura italiana. Il secondo Novecento", a cura di F. dal Co, Electa, Milano, 1997, pp. 368-391
- G. CIUCCI, G. MURATORE [a cura di], "Storia dell’architettura italiana - Il primo Novecento", Electa, Milano 2004, in particolare G. MURATORE, "Uno sperimentalismo eclettico", pp. 10-37; G. ZUCCONI, "Gli anni dieci tra riscoperte regionali e aperture internazionali", pp. 38-55; G. MURATORE, "Edilizia e architetti a Roma negli anni venti", pp. 74-99; S. PORETTI, "Modernismi e autarchia", pp. 442-476.
- P. MARCONI, "Il recupero della bellezza", Skira, Milano 2005, in particolare, "L’architettura regionalista e il restauro come replica", pp. 8-27.
- F.R. STABILE, in F.R. STABILE, M. ZAMPILLI, C. CORTESI [a cura di], "Centri storici minori. Progetti per il recupero della bellezza", Gangemi editore, Roma 2009.
- F.R. STABILE, "La Garbatella a Roma. Architettura e regionalismo", Editrice Librerie Dedalo, Roma 2012, pp. 47-66.
- G. BONACCORSO, F. MOSCHINI (a cura di), “Gustavo Giovannoni e l’architetto integrale”, Atti del convegno internazionale Accademia Nazionale di San Luca 25-27 novembre 2015, Roma 2019.

The course of History of Architecture and Methods of Analysis aims at critically retracing the composition process - either ideological, methodical or procedural- at the basis of every architecture. Lessons in chronological sequence, from the Italian Quattrocento to the XX century, are dedicated to masterworks or lesser known architectures, discussing the sources required by selected "history making" processes.
This section of the course aims at presenting a series of different historical analysis and interpretations, considered of significant value with respect to the scientific background of the author, to her/his methods of investigations, to research goals, patronage and chronological context. Written sources, such as texts and visual representations, as well as built architectures and urban complexes, are discussed in a critical perspective. A special focus is dedicated to the selection and interpretation of historical sources and to the use of "diagrams" in architectural representations.

SAGGI (minimo 2 a scelta tra i seguenti):
- James Ackerman, La villa. Forma e ideologia, Torino
- Rafael Moneo, La solitudine degli edifici e altri scritti, vol 1, Torino 1999.
- John Summerson, Il linguaggio classico dell’Architettura, Torino 1970.

- Manfredo Tafuri, Progetto e utopia, Roma-Bari, 1973.

ANTOLOGIA (da selezionare in riferimento al tema prescelto per l'elaborato "Parallel & Contrasts":
Ulrich Conrads (a c.d.), Manifesti e programmi per l'architettura del 20. secolo, Firenze 1970 (testi da selezionare in relazione al tema Parallel & Contrasts).

Joan Ockman (ed.), Architecture, culture 1943-1968. a Documentary Anthology,  New York 1993 (testi da selezionare in relazione al tema Parallel & Contrasts).

The course includes a series of lessons centered on the topic of collective housing, with particular reference to the experimentations proposed by architectural culture in Rome and Madrid from the beginning of the 20th century to more recent years. The lessons will tend to highlight the forms assumed by collective housing over the different periods and in the research of the protagonists of the architectural scene who have worked in these two cities, with a specific attention to the topic of urban form and the relation between dwelling and city.
The case of Rome assumes an emblematic value in this context. In fact Rome was a particularly fertile field of experimentation during the 20th century, in which the collective housing took on extreme and original forms ranging from the emphasis on domestic and individual scale in the Ina Casa neighborhoods, to monumental scale of the great projects of the Seventies in which the collective dimension prevails. But during the 20th century Rome was also a field of spontaneous practices of "colonization" of urban spaces, through which domestic elements infiltrated the ancient monuments of its huge territory. The ambiguity of the relations between domesticity and the material persistence of monuments, which the city itself has promoted in the course of its history, can be considered one of the specific characters of Roman dwelling, a consequence of practices that can be analyzed and codified as a source of inspiration for contemporary projects.
The long phase of experimentation on collective housing in Rome ended in the Eighties. Although the city continued to grow through the construction of residential units, there were no significant architectural researches (except for sporadic cases).
On the contrary, Madrid has been interested in the last decades by a ohase of rich experimentation on the topic of the collective housing, which has involved the local and international architectural culture in the design of whole urban areas. The practices promoted by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y el Suelo (EMVS) through open competitions and invitations to international architects consolidated the role of the city as a laboratory of experimentation and reflection on the new forms of collective housing. The most well-known, and even the most controversial, outcomes, such as the Mirador building in Sanchinarro or the projects by Tom Mayne (Morphosis), David Chipperfiled, Wiel Arets or Ricardo Legorreta, appeared as elements of comparison and renewal for a research in which important local architects such as Amann, Cánovas and Maruri, Soto and Maroto, Espegel and Fisac, Burgos and Garrido, Blanca Lleó, Ábalos and Herreros, or Frechilla and Peláez, participated with significant contributions.
The Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos of Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid – ETSAM, also stood out for its research on this topic, in particular through the activities of the GIVCO Research Groups (Grupo de Investigación en Vivienda Colectiva) with Carmen Espegel as principal researcher and with the relevant participation of professors such as Andrés Cánovas and José María de Lapuerta, and NuTAC (Nuevas Técnicas Arquitectura Ciudad), with José María Ezquiaga as principal researcher and contributions of works directed by Sergio Martín Blas. The parallel relation between research and practice built by these and other professors in the field of contemporary collective housing makes it possible to identify Madrid, and the Departamento de Proyectos of ETSAM, as a partner of extraordinary interest in promoting student training in the housing project.

M. Farina (a cura di), Studi sulla casa urbana. Sperimentazioni e temi di progetto, Gangemi, Roma 2009
A. Cánovas, C. Epegel, J. M. De Lapuerta, C. Martínez Arroyo, R. Penjeam, Vivienda Colectiva en España. 1992- 2015. TC cuadernos, Valencia, 2017
S. Martín Blas et al. (Editores). Holanda en Madrid: social housing and urban regeneration. Mairea libros, Madrid, 2014

The course, intended for students of the Master's Degrees in Architectural Design, Urban Design, Architecture - Restoration, illustrates the methodology and cultural and technical tools for quality design in the restoration of ancient, medieval and modern architecture.
The course, therefore, includes an introduction on the analytical method, the normative reference scenario, and focuses on the operational synthesis of the design and execution process of architectural restoration in the philological genre. The teaching, therefore, will develop the comparative study of the Constructive Characters of Historical Building and on this basis illustrate the method of Architectural Design of Restoration.
The design and execution process of architectural restoration of the philological genre will be illustrated in its methodological development, from analytical preliminaries to operational syntheses that coherently motivate the technical choices of intervention and their cantieristica realization.
The subject of design is the Heritage of architectures and sites worthy of preservation; said Heritage is considered, for the purposes of enhancement, in its relationship with the Landscape that hosts it. Therefore, 'organized forms of knowledge' useful for the documentation, critical reading and dissemination of the historical, aesthetic, cultural values and meanings that connote our living environment will be illustrated, with a view to their transfer to the future and the enhancement of the territory. The design process described will be documented through the presentation of specially selected examples and, if possible, through the contribution of Experts and with site visits and/or exercises.
General Course Topics:
Tools and methods of the design and execution of 'restoration for enhancement';
Discussion of examples and realizations; their possible deepening through exercises and/or site visits.
The course is related to the Architectural Restoration Laboratory of the Master's Degree in Architecture-Restoration, which takes place in the same semester; of the Laboratory it shares some contents, some initiatives and part of the teaching staff; therefore, the usefulness of attending the course for the students of the Architectural Restoration Laboratory is noted.
Lecture Topics.
Introduction to the Course.
Tools and Methods of Restoration for Enhancement.
- Hints at the regulatory landscape in the operation of restoration and enhancement.
- Methods and tools for quality design: the constructive lexicon of traditional architecture and digital culture (historical treatises and contemporary manuals, from the Vitruvian tradition to the Restoration Manuals and Codes of Earthquake Practice).
- Restoration and Enhancement. Knowledge initiatives about architectures and their contexts of reception and relationship. The role of University Research (the Mibact-Iccd Thesaurus; the Dynamic Atlas of Rome3).
- Restoration for enhancement in archaeological settings.
- Restoration for enhancement in the areas of 'living' architectures and sites.
Case study of project examples and realizations with unity of method.
- House of the Silver Wedding in Pompeii.
- Maggiore Fountain in Perugia.
- Chigi Palace in Ariccia.
- Clock tower of the Filippini convent in Rome.
- Establishment of the zootermic baths in the former Slaughterhouse of Testaccio.
- The frescoes of the church of San Nicola dei Lorenesi, Rome
- Digital culture for the planned conservation and enhancement of the historical territorial and urban landscape: (Ostia Antica, Rome, Tivoli)
Ev. Exercises /surveys
Survey and restitution of material and technological components.
Elaborations to be discussed in the exam.
Chronological reading and procedural synthesis in textual and graphic environment, of the historical development of a building or its particularly significant technological component chosen and proposed by the Student

- F. GIOVANETTI [a cura], Manuale del Recupero del Comune di Roma, II edizione ampliata, DEI, Roma 1997 (in appendice
- P. MARCONI, Materia e significato. La questione del restauro architettonico, Laterza, Bari 1999.
- L. ZEVI [a cura], Manuale del Restauro Architettonico, Mancosu, Roma 2001.
- A. PUGLIANO, Il Riconoscimento, la Documentazione, il Catalogo dei Beni Architettonici. Elementi di un costituendo Thesaurus utile alla Conoscenza, alla Tutela, alla Conservazione dell’Architettura, 2 voll. Prospettive edizioni, Roma 2009.
- P. MARCONI, Restauro dei monumenti – Cultura, progetti e cantieri 1967-2010, Gangemi, Roma 2012.

The course aims to offer students a methodological path to deal with, with full attention, the restoration as well as the contemporary use of buildings offered of historical-architectural or archaeological value. This will be done through individual or group design exercises carried out on multi-layered buildings dating back to different historical periods (from Roman times, up to buildings of the twentieth century).
In the part of Architectural and Urban Design, special attention will be paid to the deepening of the knowledge of the history of modern and contemporary architecture, in particular in the analysis of compositional, constructive and technical solutions, also innovative, compatible with the conservation of values and meaning of historic buildings; values and meaning that must also be maintained in its effective reintegration into contemporary life and needs. In fact, conservation and transformation (or addition of parts, equipped structure, plants) are not incompatible activities if they are guided by a project that is intended as part of an unfinished historical process but, on the contrary, in continuous evolution.

C. Ceschi, Teoria e Storia del restauro, Bulzoni, Roma 1970.
G. Carbonara, Trattato di restauro architettonico, Utet, Torino 1996.
M. M. Segarra Lagunes, Restauración. Método y proyectos, Editorial técnica Avicam, Granada 2018.
M. M. Segarra Lagunes, Método y práctica de la restauración arquitectónica. Efesto editore, Roma 2018.
F. Cellini, Francesco Cellini, Mondadori Electa, Milano 2011.
L. Puija (a cura di), Trentaquattro domande a Francesco Cellini, Clean 2019.

The course belongs to the category of elective courses and is therefore conceived as an in-depth study of some themes which are intertwined with the institutional courses of Architectural history. The lectures will be dedicated to the history of architecture in Rome in the 16th century, which will be contextualised in the framework of Europe in the early modern age. The theme of the course for the academic year 2024-2025 is: Study of Antiquity and Ruins in Renaissance Rome.
During the course, the main architects active in Rome in the 15th and 16th centuries will be covered. Their work will be interpreted in light of the course topic.

Lecture topics: St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican as ruin under construction; Ruins, antiquity and spolia in the Renaissance; Drawing the Antique: subjects, techniques, visions; The Design of the Antique.

The course is open to students of all Bachelor and Master degree courses.

- Il Quattrocento, a cura di F.P. Fiore, Milano 1998
- Il primo Cinquecento, a cura di A. Bruschi, Milano 2002
- Il secondo Cinquecento, a cura di C. Conforti, R.J. Tuttle, Milano 2001

- A. Schnapp, Storia universale delle rovine: dalle origini all'età dei Lumi, Torino 2023
- C. Thoenes, San Pietro come rovina: note su alcune vedute di Maarten van Heemskerck, in Sostegno e Adornamento. Saggi sull’architettura del Rinascimento: disegni, ordini, magnificenza, Milano, Electa 1998, 135–149

The aim of the course is the exploration and re-appropriation of the city through the arts. It will take place entirely in the urban space using walks, performative actions, installations. The Course teaches us to get lost, to recognize the arts of discovery, of the encounter with the Other. It proposes walking as a research method, with the intent to reactivate in the students and in the inhabitants their innate capacity for creative transformation of the space in which they live, to remind them that they have a body and the desires with which they can modify it.
In the first days of the course there will be an introductory phase on the relationship between arts and cities, between arts and nomadism, on the practices conducted by Francesco Careri together with Stalker in Rome in the last twenty years. Then the peripatetic phase will begin, through long, aimless walks, with the intention of consciously get lost in the city. At this stage there will be some rules to follow: we don’t walk on sidewalks or asphalt; we can never go back; we don’t believes in private property; but above all: who waste time gain space. We will try to stay behind the built city, along the margins and borders, to reconstruct a unitary thread to the fragments of separate cities in which we live. But we will proceed in a cross-eyed way, towards a goal and towards what diverts it from the goal, disposing itself to road accidents, to the possibility of stumbling and of making a mistake. We will try to take the city by surprise, indirectly, sideways, playful, non-functional, to stumble into unexplored territories where new questions arise. Students will be asked to try to look at reality "with their heads under their legs", to overturn their points of view, to produce places through their actions, to transform their own living spaces with material and immaterial interventions, to find new ways to tell them.

molte informazioni sui contenuti e i risultati dei corsi degli ultimi anni si trovano nel blog: http://articiviche.blogspot.com/

testi da adottare
- FRANCESCO CARERI, WALKSCAPES. EL ANDAR COMO PRÀCTICA ESTÉTICA / WALKING AS AN AESTHETIC PRACTICE, EDITORIAL GUSTAVO GILI, BARCELLONA 2002, TRAD IT. WALKSCAPES. IL CAMMINARE COME PRATICA ESTETICA, EINAUDI, TORINO 2006.
- BRUCE CHATWIN, THE SONGLINES (1987), TRAD. IT. LE VIE DEI CANTI, ADELPHI, MILANO, 1988

Testi consigliati :
- FRANCESCO CARERI, LORENZO ROMITO, CAMPUS ROM, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, MATERA 2017
- ANNA DETHERIDGE, SCULTORI DELLA SPERANZA. L'ARTE NEL CONTESTO DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE, EINAUDI 2012
- AA.VV., INTERNAZIONALE SITUAZIONISTA 1958-69, NAUTILUS/STAMPATRE, TORINO, 1994
- FRANCESCO CARERI, CONSTANT / NEW BABYLON, UNA CITTÀ NOMADE, TESTO & IMMAGINE, TORINO, 2001
- FRANCO LA CECLA., PERDERSI, L'UOMO SENZA AMBIENTE, LATERZA, BARI, 1988
- PETER LANG, A CURA DI., SUBURBAN DISCIPLINE, PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, NEW YORK, 1997
- ROSALIND KRAUSS, PASSAGES IN MODERN SCULPTURE, MIT PRESS, 1981, TR. IT. PASSAGGI, BRUNO MONDADORI, MILANO, 1998

SYLLABUS
Basics of the harmonic motion of a simple oscillator.
Damped motion, forced motion, and resonance conditions.
Diffusion of longitudinal/transverse waves in a fluid and in a solid, and in particular wave propagation in soils.
Mechanical models of simple oscillators applied to structural problems
Study of frequencies and modes of proper oscillation in structures (modal analysis)
Dynamic effects of earthquake and wind on the morphological characteristics of buildings.

- Elementi di dinamica delle strutture, Luca Facchini, Esculapio
- Dinamica delle strutture e ingegneria sismica. Principi e applicazioni, Iunio Iervolino, Hoepli
- Dinamica delle strutture, Carlo Gavarini, ESA
- Appunti di lezione

The course will be mainly given following an inductive method, hints on theoretical models will be treated anyway.
In general, each topic will be introduced with the following scheme:
1) Practical exercise or study of example architectures
2) Interpretive theoretical models
3) Numerical Simulations

Following this scheme we will proceed to recall the basic concepts of some important structural types:
a) Rope, arch, elastic curve
b) Cable nets, systems of beams
c) Plates and Shells

The structural models will be presented through synthetic formulations and the solution of the model equations will be found through software. The students will be guided in software simulations and will learn the tools necessary to control the result of the simulations.
After the introduction of structural models, an overview of some methods for structural surfaces design will be given:
1) Form finding
a. Physical models
b. computational models
2) Optimization
a. Topological
b. Shape
Some software dedicated to such methods will be used.
The students, divided into groups, will develop a simple project by choosing one or more of the proposed methods.

1) Sigrid Adriaenssens, Philippe Block
Shell Structures for Architecture: Form Finding and Optimization
2) Giulio Pizzetti - Zorgno Trisciuoglio A. Maria
Principi statici e forme strutturali

The course in Urban Morphology, optional, in English, provides 4 credits and is open to all students, including Erasmus ones.
The purpose of the morphological studies proposed by the course is the knowledge of the characters of the built environment and the recognition of its formation and transformation having as ultimate goal the architectural design open to multiple estetic synthesis.
It aims to teach a method of reading the physical form of the city through the understanding of the forming process common to urban fabrics and buildings, The term "reading" not indicates the neutral recording of phenomena, but an awareness which requires the active and dynamic contribution of the reader.
The basic notions of urban organism and forming process will be provided.

Basic text in online format (in English)
1. G. Strappa, L’architettura come processo (translated chapters), Franco Angeli, Milano 2015
The main chapters translated into English (useful to take the exam) can be found on the teacher's website (http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/) and are indicated below:
- Notes on base building - http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8400
- Learned language/everyday language . http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8340
- The aggregation process and the form of the fabric, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8380
- Special nodal building, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8159
- Architectural knotting, http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8414
- Territory as architecture - http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/?p=8355 (text not incuded in the book)
Basic text in paper format (in English)
2. G. Caniggia, G.L. Maffei, Interpreting basic building (pages. 53 –164) , Altralinea, Firenze 2017
A good translation in French (on line) is: G. Caniggia, G.L. Maffei, Composition architectural et typologie du bati. 1 lecture du bati de base, traduit par p. larochelle, Université Laval, 2000 -http://www.giuseppestrappa.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/G.-Caniggia-Lecture-du-b%C3%A2ti-de-base-traduit-par-P.-Larochelle.pdf

The course is integrated and multidisciplinary, including Landscape Architecture and Urbanism. It is articulated in a series of theoretical-critical insights referring to the contemporary culture of landscape and urbanism. In parallel, a number of interaction practices are performed that require direct observation of the landscape and interaction with it, verifying over the duration of the course the effects of human/non-human, biotic/abiotic coexistence at the site taken as a study and action case.

• Bee, M. (2020). Spaces of indecision Manifatture Knos Setting a Precedent in Italy. In M. F. De Tullio (Ed.), Commons. Between Dreams and Reality (pp. 102–120). Creative Industry Košice.
• Care Collective, (2021). Manifesto della cura. Per una politica dell’interdipendenza. Alegre Edizioni.
• Celestini, G. (2018). Agire con il paesaggio. Aracne.
• Coccia, E. (2022). Metamorfosi. Siamo un’unica sola vita. Einaudi.
• de la Bellacasa, Maria (2017). Matters of Care: Speulative Ethics in More Than Human Words. University of Minnesota Press.
• Hirsch, A. (2014). The Landscape Imagination: Collected Essays of James Corner 1990-2010. Princeton Architectural Press.
• Metta, A. (2022). Il paesaggio è un mostro. Città selvatiche e nature ibride. Deriveapprodi.
• Papadopoulos, D. (2018). Experimental Practice. Technoscience, Alterontologies, and More-Than-Social Movements, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.
• Pellizzoni, L. (2016). Ontological Politics in a Disposable World: The New Mastery of Nature. Routledge.
• Ranzato, M., Vanin, F. (2021). Veneto 2100. Living with water. Silvana Editore.

The course proposes a series of study itineraries through heterodox experiences of Modernity, in tension between the Baltic and the Mediterranean. Paths transversal to the canons crystallized by internationalism, which outline differentiated design approaches, supported by a common intention.
These are investigated not so much - or not only - in terms of their relations with local building traditions and site characteristics, but rather in terms of the compositional procedures that root the design of the new to the specificity of the site, through a hand-to-hand encounter between artefact and nature. The productive force of memory feeds the design thought, grafting the interventions on a terrain treated not as inert ground - as a pattern punctuated by isolated actions - but as a stratified system of signs, traceable and measurable, revealed by the design of the new.
Composition is the organization of the formal discourse, and of this the lectures - as well as the operative experiments that the students are required to carry out within the course - privilege the analysis of the criteria and procedures implemented to generate form and the study of the figurative variations that determine the character of architecture.
The aim is thus to bring out that inseparable link between analytical excavation and formal research, anchoring the theoretical dimension to the operative one and restoring to the project the role of a moment of synthesis of the relations between figure, form and construction. A poetic synthesis between art and technique, which denies the adoption of standardized procedures and redefines itself from time to time, in a cyclic dimension of time.
With these assumptions, the course will bring Scandinavian and from Iberian peninsula architects to the stage, passing from the Mediterranean as an obligatory reference for that search for origins that leads to another modernity, the path of which is still open today, in the topicality of its lesson.

Fernando Távora, On space organization (1962), in Estudo Prévio n. 20, Lisbon: CEACT/UAL Center for Studies of Architecture, City and Territory of the Autonomous University of Lisbon, 2022, p.29- 39.
Jörn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan 1962.
Christian Norberg-Schulz, Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, Rizzoli, New York, 1979.
Dimitris Pikionis, architect 1887-1968: A Sentimental Topography, Architectural Association, London, 1989.
Sigurd Lewerentz 1885-1975: The Dilemma of Classicism, Architectural Association, London, 1989.
José Ignacio Linazasoro, La memoria del orden. Paradojas del sentido de la arquitectura moderna, Abada Editores, Madrid, 2013.
Carlotta Torricelli, Classicismo di frontiera. Sigurd Lewerentz e la Cappella della Resurrezione/Frontier Classicism. Sigurd Lewerentz and the Chapel of the Resurrection, Il Poligrafo, Padova 2014.
Luigi Franciosini e Cristina Casadei, a cura di, Architettura e Patrimonio: progettare in un paese antico, Mancosu Editore, Roma 2015. (Edizione Italiana e Inglese).
Kenneth Frampton, The Other Modern Movement: Architecture, 1920–1970, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2021.
Álvaro Siza, Imagining the Evident, Monade, Lisbona, 2021.

The course “Transitional landscapes. Heritage making and mindscapes in time of global change” is structured in two main parts, intersected by small scale activities that involve the students’ participation throughout the whole duration of the course (oral presentations, short texts or drawings, etc.). Students will work in group of 3-4 people.
The first engages in a cross-disciplinary debate intersecting heritage, architecture, social innovation, urban practice and psychology. It will include seminars held by scholars and practitioners from different fields to dive into the multiple – urban, human, non-human – layers composing the legacy of the city, considering their impact on social and mental wellbeing.
The second part will present a selection of national and international case studies, with a specific focus on some historical and present-day experiences in Rome and in the Lazio region. To explore the production of new urban common by means of heritage, the course will include site visits in some Living Labs of the city. Particularly, it will consider the Vigne Nuove Lab, activated in the district with the same name, where some of the activities of the CHANGES project (EU funded) will take place, and local experiences such as Museo della Mente (https://www.museodellamente.it/museo-laboratorio-della-mente/) and Mente in rete.
The course will conclude with the presentation of students’ research results, discussed in a final seminar collectively designed.

Boano, Camillo, and Cristina Bianchetti. 2022. Lifelines: Politics, Ethics, and the Affective Economy of Inhabiting. Berlin: Jovis.
Borasi, Giovanna, and Mirko Zardini. 2012. Imperfect Health. The Medicalization of Architecture. Zürich: Lars Müller Publishers.
Oevermann, Heike, and Hanna Szemző. 2023. ‘What Is Open Heritage?’ Pp. 158–69 in Open Heritage. Community-driven adaptive reuse in Europe: best practice. Berlin: Birkhäuser.
Lefebvre, Henri. 2014. Toward an Architecture of Enjoyment. edited by Ł. Stanek. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press.
Rodney Harrison, Caitlin DeSilvey, Cornelius Holtorf, Sharon Macdonald, Nadia Bartolini, Esther Breithoff, Harald Fredheim, Antony Lyons, Sarah May, Jennie Morgan, and Sefryn Penrose, eds. 2020. Heritage Futures: Comparative Approaches to Natural and Cultural Heritage Practices. London: UCL Press.
Russo, Michelangelo, Anna Attademo, Formato, and Francesca Garzilli. 2023. Transitional Landscapes. Macerata: Quodlibet.
Smith, Laurajane. 2021. Emotional Heritage: Visitor Engagement at Museums and Heritage Sites. Routledge.
Winnicott, D. W. 1971. Playing and Reality. London: Routledge.

The course (first semester) is a reading, discussion and research seminar. The theme of the seminar will be announced at the beginning of the class.

Weekly readings, including essays in Italian and English, will be announced shortly. For both regular and “non attending” students, the readings will be available at the art history library “Luigi Grassi” (Piazza della Repubblica 10) and via Moodle.

Bibliographic research for the final paper is part of the required work and will be evaluated as such.

This course deals with the disciplinary horizon of landscape architecture: the art and technique to shape open spaces, with materials, methods and approaches proper of landscaping. It focuses on relationships rather than artifacts, processes rather than outcomes; because it prefers the use of natural and living materials, in evolutionary and cyclical time dimensions; Because it proceeds through strategies and programs rather than forms; Because it requires the contamination of various professional skills (botany, geology, natural science engineering, environmental sciences, economics and sociology ...); Because it crosses scale and does not proceed mechanically from general to detail; Because it requires the study and interpretation of behavioral and social topics.
The main objective of the course is to understand this complexity within the framework of the urban open space design, to provide the students with the ability to govern and value this complexity on a cultural, ethical, figurative and environmental level through a receptive and attentive sensitivity (listening and viewing skills) and a specific technical skill (ability to intervene and transform).
The project of open space can be declined in a multitude of species of spaces: gardens, parks, shores, residual areas, gardens, squares, streets, streets, parks, and so on, subject to further specific articulations Than reciprocal hybridisations. Some of these categories are the legacy of a long and valuable historical legacy, others talk about contemporaryity and the continuous transformation of urban spaces. On the last we focus our attention.

The course has a theoretical and design character and is divided into three modules - module 1, "Plants Ecology"; module 2, "Landscape Representation"; module 3, "Landscape Architecture" - which work in a synergic way to offer a framework of methodological, theoretical and operational knowledge aimed at designing open spaces in urban areas.

E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi Editore 2005.
M. Corrado e A. Lambertini, Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, 2011.
G. Cullen, Il paesaggio urbano, Calderini 1976.
K. Lynch, L’immagine della città, Marsilio 1964.
C. W. Moore, W. J. Mitchel, W. Turnbull, The poetics of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge-London 1988, trad. it. La poetica dei giardini, Muzzio Editore 1991.
D. Pandakovic, Dal Sasso A., Saper vedere il paesaggio, Ed. CittàStudi, 2009.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura – Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli 2005.
F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio – 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore 2006.
F. Zagari, Sul paesaggio. Lettera aperta, Libria 2013.

This course covers a temporal space between the last decade of the XIX century and the end of the XX century and gets through the complexity of historical tangles, which carried out to the birth of the modern forms and their rise. It is considered as a wide-ranging space that comprises not only the works of the innovative architects, bound up with the avant-garde or with the great ideals (like the design of machinery or the organicism), but also the works sometimes revolutionary that refers to the vernacular tradition.
This course is divided into different lines: the great, general themes (the historical contest, the programmes, the ideas, Modern and Tradition); the great figures of architects; the philology and constructive analysis of works (both realized and only planned) and the historiographical interpretations.

Elie G. Haddad, David Rifkind (ed.), A Critical History of Contemporary Architecture: 1960-2010, Routledge, Oxford 2014.

This course aims at providing a critical approach towards the “changing ideals” of contemporary architecture, starting from the opposing forces of the notions of classical and modern during the Age of Enlightenment. Through descriptions of different historical and geographical contexts, a selected series of masterworks from XIX to XX Century will be discussed in terms of form, structure, functions, specifically considering how they have contributed to past and contemporary architectural debate. This path will include the "architecture parlante" by C.-N. Ledoux up to Le Corbusier, the Arts and Craft Movement and the organic approach by Frank Lloyd Wright, from the British 2ndPost-war Neoavant-gardes to the Dutch architecture of diagrams in the 1990's.

P. Burger, Teoria dell’avanguardia, Torino 1990 (1974)
W.J.R. Curtis, L’architettura moderna dal 1900, Milano 1999 (1982)
E. Kaufmann, Da Ledoux a Le Corbusier: origine e sviluppo dell'architettura autonoma, Milano 1973 (1933)
R. Middleton, D. Watkin, Architettura dell’Ottocento, Milano 1977
N. Pevsner, J. Fleming, H. Honour, Dizionario di architettura, Torino 1981 (1966)
H. Sedlmayr, Perdita del centro: le arti figurative del diciannovesimo e ventesimo secolo come sintomo e simbolo di un'epoca, Torino 1967 (1947)
M. Tafuri, La sfera e il labirinto, Torino 1980