Short introduction to electrical drives: functional block schemes, review on electrical machine types, AC and DC, quadrants of operations, regenerative brake, thermal behaviors, analysis in the Laplace domain.
Power electronics converters for electrical drives: topologies, characteristics and modulation techniques.
Short view on DC electric drives: torque and flux control, speed control and position control.

Electrical drives based on synchronous machine: electrical machine operation and drive block scheme, dynamic model in the synchronous reference frame, operation under sinusoidal supply, control strategies for the related electrical drives.

Electrical drives with induction machine: electrical machine operation and drive block scheme, dynamic model in the synchronous reference frame, scalar and vector control strategies for induction machine based electrical drives.

In addition to the lecture notes provided by the teacher:

Ion Boldea, Syed A. Nasar
Electric Drives, Third Edition 2016 by CRC Press
ISBN 9781498748209

Bimal K. Bose
Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives
Prentice Hall PTR, 2002

Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins
Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design
ISBN: 0471226939

Ned Mohan
Advanced Electric Drives: Analysis, Control, and Modeling Using MATLAB / Simulink
ISBN: 978-1-118-48548-4

Ned Mohan
Electric Drives: An Integrative Approach
ISBN: 0971529256

Acoustics:
Acoustical parameters.
Wave equation and speed of sound.
Solutions of the wave equation: plane and spherical waves.
Acoustical impedance.
Psychoacoustics: the ear, normal audiogram.
Sound levels.
Acoustical analysis (octave bands and one-third octave bands)
Weighting curves.
Sound level meters.
Open-space acoustics.
Acoustical barriers.
Sound in enclosures.
Reverberation time (Sabine formulation and Eyring formulation).
Sound-absorbing materials.
Transmission of sound through partitions. Mass law.

Lighting design:
Radiation of energy.
Radiometric and photometric parameters.
The eye. Visual performance.
Measurement of the photometric parameters.
Colorimetry.
Light sources: incandescent, discharge and LED lamps.
Lighting fixtures.
Daylighting.
Extended sources (linear, tubular and rectangular sources).
The lumen method.
The radiosity method.

-A. B. Coppens, L. E. Kinsler, J. V. Sanders, A. R. Frey, Fundamentals of acoustics (4th edition), Ed. Wiley
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Silvio Santoboni, Acustica, Ed. CEA
-P. Cavalletti, A. Chiari, S. Bergero, M. Bernardoni, Applicazioni pratiche di acustica, Ed. Dario Flaccovio
-Pietro Palladino, Lezioni di illuminotecnica, Ed. Tecniche Nuove
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Andrea De Lieto Vollaro, Illuminotecnica, Ed. CEA

GENERAL ABOUT ELECTRICAL PROPULSION IN TERRESTRIAL, NAVAL AND AIRCRAFT. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THE RAILWAY FIELD. ELECTRIC SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL WITH DIRECT CURRENT OR SINGLE-PHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT: CONFIGURATIONS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SYSTEM; CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRACTION CIRCUIT AND CURRENT STATE OF THE CURRENT FROM THE CONTACT LINE.
ROLLING STOCK: DESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF RAILWAY RODIGGIO AND CONFIGURATIONS USED FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS; DISTRIBUTION OF THE LOAD ON TROLLEYS OF A RAILWAY LOCOMOTOR; BRAKING SYSTEMS; ADHERENCE IN THE WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT; RESISTANCE TO MOTION OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE; TRACTION DIAGRAM OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE AND DETERMINATION OF THE SIZING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPULSION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO THE PERFORMANCE REQUIRED AND TO THE ACCELERATION AND SPEED LIMITATIONS.
DRIVE UNITS WITH DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR: CONSTRUCTIVE AND FUNCTIONING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS WITH INDEPENDENT EXCITATION OR WITH EXCITEMENT SERIES; STATIC CONVERTERS FOR POWERING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS; USE OF THE CURRENT MOTORS IN THE RAILWAY TRACTION.
DRIVE DRIVES WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS: REFERENCES ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS; TWO-LEVEL INVERTER WITH PWM MODULATION OR WITH SVM MODULATION, THREE-LEVEL INVERTER; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH FIELD ORIENTATION CONTROL OR WITH DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR USED IN RAILWAY TRACTION; SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH EXCITATION CIRCUIT OR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS; DRIVES WITH SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES AND THEIR USE IN RAILWAY TRACTION.
RAILWAY INTEROPERABILITY AND EXAMPLES OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTORS WITH POLITENSION FEEDING. NOTES ON THE DIESEL-ELECTRIC RAILWAY PROPULSION.
GENERAL AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION IN ROAD VEHICLES. ARCHITECTURE OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF ROAD VEHICLES. MOTOR RESISTANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE AND TRACTION CHARACTERISTIC OF A ROAD VEHICLE WITH ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSOR. STANDARDIZED RUNNING CYCLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE.
ENERGY OR POWER ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS FOR USE IN ROAD VEHICLES: CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATORS, SUPERCONDENSATOR BENCHES AND MECHANICAL FLYWHEELS; COMBINED ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS.
CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC GENERATORS WITH FUEL CELLS FOR THE APPLICATION IN THE PROPULSION OF ROAD VEHICLES.
CONFIGURATIONS OF ELECTRIC STROKES FOR ROAD VEHICLES WITH POWER SUPPLY FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR, FROM CELLS TO FUEL OR FROM GENERATION GROUP WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
DUAL-MODE, FULL-HYBRID OR MILD-HYBRID HYBRID PROPULSORS WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR ROAD VEHICLES; START / STOP SYSTEMS AND EVOLUTION OF AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOARD.
USE OF HYBRID AND ELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN MARINE APPLICATIONS.

F. PERTICAROLI – SISTEMI ELETTRICI PER I TRASPORTI – SECONDA EDIZIONE – CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA – ISBN 88-408-1035-8
M. EHSANI, Y. GAO, S. E. GAY, A. EMADI – MODERN ELECTRIC, HYBRID ELECTRIC AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES – CRC PRESS – ISBN 0-8493-3154-4

Kinematics of fluids: analysis of the deformation in the neighbourhood of a point. Vorticity and related theorems. Decomposition of the velocity fields. The governing equations of Fluid Mechanics: massa, momentum and energy budget. Hydraulic modelds: the 1D scheme. Application to the analysis of unsteady pipe flows. The method of characteristics. Application to the analysis of unsteady Surface flows: the De Saint Venant equations and computational methods to solve them. The 2D scheme: the Shallow Water equations. Applications to the unsteady free surface flows. Computational methods for solving the shallow water equations. The Navier-Stokes equation and its approximations in Hydraulics: low Reynolds number flows, weakly non-hydrostatic approximation, boundary layer theory, Boussinesque approximation. Ideal fluids.
Turbulence for uncompressible fluids.

Lecture notes.

Readings suggested by the teacher during the course.

- Introduction to Statistics.
- Parametric Inference.
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation.
- The Method of Moments.
- Parametric Hypothesis Testing.
- Testing Goodness of Fit.
- Regression.
- Bayesian Statistics.
- Principal Component Analysis.
- Autocorrelation Function and Spectrum of Stationary Processes.
- Linear Stationary Models.
- Linear Nonstationary Models.
- Forecasting.
- Model Identification.
- Parameter Estimation.
- Model Diagnostic Checking.
- Transfer Function Models.
- Identification, Fitting, and Checking of Transfer Function Models.
- Intervention Analysis, Outlier Detection, and Missing Values.
- Multivariate Time Series Analysis.

Cox D.R., Donnelly C.A - Principles of Applied Statistics. Cambridge University Press, 2011 – 9781107644458.

Montgomery D.C., Runger G.C. - Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers. Wiley, 2018 - ISBN: 9781119400363

Course content

Hydraulics
Reference flow conditions in hydraulics
Flow through orifices – The "discharge coefficient CD "
Laminar flows in hydraulic components

Valves
Pressure relief valve
Pressure reducing valve
Flow control valve RQ2 type
Flow control valve RQ3 type
Continuous positioning valves and characteristics
Hydraulic manipulators
Servo and proportional valves
Nozzle-Flapper Servo valves

Actuators
Classification and characteristics and linear and rotary actuators

Pumps
Classification of pumps
Pressure Level
Flow regularity
Variable pump displacement
Considerations on the Cost/Performance ratio

Fluids, accumulators, pipes and hoses
Functions of the fluid in hydraulic systems
Definition and characterization of fluid bulk compressibility
Filtration
Thermal conditioning
Accumulators
Piping

Mechanical and volumetric losses in hydraulic pumps and motors
Wilson’s loss-model

Hydraulic Systems
Fixed flow supply system
Fixed pressure supply system
Hydrostatic transmissions
"Load-sensing" systems
The “Automotive-control” for hydrostatic transmissions

Flow dividers
Continuous positioning flow dividers
Geared dividers
Closed-loop controlled flow dividers

Closed-loop control of linear and rotary actuators
Linearization of hydraulic systems
Characterization of the valves
Canonical characterization of the first and second order systems
PID Industrial controllers
"Valve-controlled" hydraulic systems
"Pump-controlled" hydraulic systems
Hydraulic systems and "mechatronics"

Training on design of hydraulic systems
Design of a hydraulic system and performance simulation under stationary and dynamic conditions in AMESim® environment


Pneumatics
Basics and reference flows in the operation of pneumatic components
Flow through orifices
Charge and discharge of a capacity
Dynamics of pneumatic jacks
Systems for generation and distribution of compressed air, common components
Compressors
Valves
Actuators
Groups for the treatment of compressed air
Demisters
Filters
Generation-Conditioning groups

Functional and logical management of pneumatic systems
Movement-phases diagrams
Grafcet diagrams
Solutions for the control of two or more pneumatic actuators and issues related to the onset of blocking signals
Auxiliary memory
Cascade of memories
Pneumatic sequencers
Relay-based systems
PLC-based systems

N.NERVEGNA “OLEODINAMICA E PNEUMATICA” ED. POLITEKO, TORINO
-G. BELFORTE, A.M. BERTETTO, L. MAZZA “ PNEUMATICA” ED. TECNICHE NUOVE, MILANO, 2004
-ASSOFLUID “L’OLEOIDRAULICA NELL’AMBITO INDUSTRIALE E MOBILE” ED. ASSOFLUID. MILANO, 2008
-ASSOFLUID “LA PNEUMATICA E LE SUE APPLICAZIONI ..” ED. ASSOFLUID. MILANO, 2002
-N.D. MANRING “HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS” ED. JOHN WILEY & SONS, N. JERSEY, 2005
-AKERS, M. GASSMAN E R. SMITH “HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS” ED.TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2006
-P. BEATER “PNEUMATIC DRIVES” SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN 2007

Introduction to structural topics of road vehicles. Geometry and set-up of the vehicle. Tires. Wheel suspensions for light and heavy vehicles: geometry and components. Steering systems. Automotive and hydrostatic transmissions (two and four driving wheels). Braking systems.
Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic driving for braking, steering and suspension systems. ABS, ASR, ESP devices. Passive safety systems (air-bag, belt-tensioning). Automatic and semiautomatic transmissions.

Principles and methodologies for mechanical design. High Cycle Fatigue design. Low Cycle Fatigue, uniaxial and multiaxial plasticity, cyclic behavior, fracture mechanics. Checkout of mechanical elements subjected to: unstableness, contact pressure, shock loadings. Structural reliability of elements and systems. Standards in design.

Juvinall R.C. Marshek K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component Design
Pighini U., Elementi Costruttivi delle Macchine
Davoli P. et alii, Comportamento Meccanico dei Materiali
Notes of the professor

Characterization of gases emission from motor vehicle exhaust and power plant stack.
Air quality and meteorology.
Air pollution modelling. Gaussian plume model.
Engineered systems for air pollution control of stationary sources: pre-combustion controls, combustion controls and post-combustion controls.
Noise pollution and control methods.
Emission standards and regulations.

- Giorgio Cau, Daniele Cocco “L’Impatto Ambientale dei Sistemi Energetici” Ed. SGEditoriali, 2015
- Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell “Introduction to Environmental Engineering” Ed. McGraw-Hill, 1991
- C. S. Rao “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering” Ed. New Age International (P) Limited, 2006
- Lewis H. Bell, Douglas H. Bell “Industrial Noise Control” Ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994
- Robert G. Kunz “Environmental Calculations: A Multimedia Approach” John Widely & Sons Inc., 2009

Loads efficiency: transformers, cables, power factor correction, extension to non-sinusoidal electrical systems, rotating electrical machines, electrical drives.

Power quality: static compensators, active methods suitable to increase the power quality, UPS systems.

Distributed generation: Smart-Grid, hydroelectric, geothermal, biogas and biomass power plants.
Energy storage systems: electrochemical, supercapacitors, superconducting magnets (SMES), flywheels, hydrogen storage.

Photovoltaic systems: introduction on PV systems, photovoltaic cell structure, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms, grid synchronization algorithms, stand-alone operation and CEI 0-21 standard, regulation and control systems, inverters for grid connected applications.

Wind energy conversion systems: wind turbine characteristics, fixed and variable speed mode of operations, conversion structures, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms.

Mobile Power Generation: fixed speed gen-set vs. variable speed systems.

Notes provided by the course manager.

-Introduction of Applied physics
-Thermal Comfort conditions, air quality of buildings, thermophysical analysis and energy performance of the building
-Installations Heating: calculation of thermal loads, Energy certification.
-Components Plant: boilers, radiators, radiant panels, distribution system, the expansion tank; Central thermal project
- Study of design of the water distribution system.
- HVAC: calculation of the summer thermal load, dimensioning of an installation to all-air and with no recirculation, and the mixed systems.
-Components of plants: chillers, air handling units, fan coil, etc.
-Study of design of the air distribution system.
- Draft of plant components for heating and conditioning

Dispense del corso
Carlo Pizzetti: Condizionamento dell’aria e refrigerazione, Masson, 1980
Massimo Coppi: Clima artificiale e benessere termoigrometrico Copertina flessibile – 31 lug 1990
Internal Booklet

Risk analysis and industrial safety; analytical survey of near misses and literature case studies.
Classical Risk methods and evaluation techniques; the Job Safety Analysis; the check list analysis;
OHSAS 18001:07 e UNI INAIL Guidelines. The internationally recognized assessment specification for occupational health and safety management systems. The OHSAS 18001:07 compatibility with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. The Plan – Do –Check – Act System. The Deming Wheel.
Reliability. The reliability approach as a tool for the assessment of failure and injuries likelihood.
Fault tree analysis Event Tree analysis; the Hazard Operability appoach (Haz.Op) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. The behavior based analysis and risk assessement teqniques.
Injuries and professional illness; domestic and international data base, statistical index and case studies.
Acoustics and vibrations. International ISO and measuring tecniques. Monitoring methods and impact assessement. Geostatical methods.
Dust and asbestos dust risk analysis.

Slides and other material distributed by the teacher

Cenni ai metodi di caratterizzazione dei materiali
- tecniche diffrattometriche, microscopiche e spettroscopiche. Cenni di metallografia e di prove non distruttive.
Corrosione ad Umido
- Aspetti elettrochimici del degrado, forme di corrosione ad umido, diagrammi di Pourbaix, cinetica della corrosione, ddp e teoria dei potenziali misti – passività, corrosione in ambienti naturali e in ambienti ostili, metodi di prevenzione, protezione, diagnosi e monitoraggio
Tribologia
- Richiami sulla meccanica del contatto. Aspetti tribologici del degrado (adesione, attrito e usura), principali tipologie di usura (adesiva e abrasiva).
- Teoria, metodi e normativa per la quantificazione dell’usura, misure preventive.
Protezione dei materiali
- rivestimenti resistenti all’usura e alla corrosione, barriere termiche.
- Tecnologie di produzione di rivestimenti: rivestimenti galvanici, rivestimenti da fase vapore, rivestimenti termospruzzati.
Materiali compositi
- concetti fondamentali (matrice-rinforzo-interfaccia) e classificazione; regola delle miscele, interazione rinforzo-matrice, durabilità e degrado (creep, fatica, idrolizzazione). Criteri di progettazione: compositi laminati e sandwich; tecnologie di produzione: hand layup, Filament winding, stampaggi a caldo, a freddo e in autoclave, Resin Transfer Moulding, Spray-up. Esempi di applicazione dei compositi.
Materiali ceramici avanzati
- correlazione tra precursori, produzione, struttura e proprietà ottenibili. Criteri di affidabilità (statistica di Weibull); tecnologie di produzione: sinterizzazione, pressatura isostatica a caldo, slip casting, tape casting, codeposizione, termal spraying. Esempi di applicazione dei ceramici per componenti refrattari e barriere termiche. Degrado, corrosione a secco
Complementi:
- Progettazione mediante Elementi Finiti e relative ricadute sui materiali impiegati: simulazione delle proprietà variabili nel tempo e in temperatura. Esempi applicativi di analisi statiche e dinamiche, meccaniche e termo-meccaniche.
Cenni ai trattamenti delle acque ed ai fenomeni correlati per la corretta selezione degli acciai negli impianti per la produzione di energia e negli scambiatori di calore.

Dispense del docente
M. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D. Cebon: "Materiali, dalla scienza alla progettazione ingegneristica" Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Geology element, Tectonics and Hydro-geology, Minerals and Rocks.
Mines and Quarries. Mineral Ore from pits: a) Dimension stones for Shops and Crushing stones (Marbles, Travetinos, Granite, Limestone); b) Building and construction Stones: 1) crushed stones for concrete and compo (Sands, Gravel, crushing Grout); 2) Bricks and Ashler; 3) Crushed Ores and reef Blocks; c) Industrial feedstock (siliceous sands, Diatoms, Kieselguhrs, artful Marl, Dolomites, etc).
The geological associations, Mineral assets and bench. The Mining layer, Opencast Pits and Underground Pits. The Disclosing Ratio. The geo-morphology and the Pits’ characteristics.
The Mining activities planning and localization: the all-over exploitation and the Exploitation-Poles; Environmental Impact from Mining Activities and Environmental Impact Assessment.
Exploitation Units and Hierarchy. Underground exploitation methods: Halls and Pillars, Filling methods: Opencast Methods: a) Terraces (exclusive and multiples); b) Leveling by Terraces; Leveling by sub-vertical Rips.
Production Techniques: Blasting hearth-works, mechanical digging, ripping, dozing, scraping. Drilling Techniques and Technologies; Blasting Techniques, Noise, over-pressure, air-blast, Vibrations and Waves. Dumping; conveyor Belts, Crushing Plants, Sifting and Grinding.
Stone Quality and Certification. Dimension Stone exploitation, open cast pits and underground pits; high and low step techniques. Diamond Wire cutting techniques, Saw Chains cutters, Fire and Water Cutting Techniques. Exploitations ratio and Landfill.
Dimension Stone Shops. The production Planning Organization; The PERT Techniques, Minimal and maximal Productiveness. The Functional Analysis Space Technique.
The Exploitation method planning and the step-by-step Recovery. Visibility Charts and Visual Impact mitigation.

Decontamination, recovery and remediation. Naturalistic Engineering Techniques, open-cast pits lakes.
Pits outfielders’ Impacts: Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations; Monitoring and mitigating Methods.
Occupational Health and Safety. Main Laws in force (Italy, Europe, Areas), Risk Assessment and evaluation (DPR 624). Main Hazards Characterizations, Incidents, Injuries, Accidents, Professional Illness. Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations (DPR 128).
Executive Quarry designing arrangement and Environment recovery.

handouts and texts distributed by the teacher in the classroom

1.1 Basic concepts on electrical signals and devices.
1.2 Linear system and their study in the time domain
1.3 Laplace transform and system analysis in s-domain.
1.4 Linear circuits analysis.
1.5 Analysis of the frequency domain functions, Bode diagrams and their applications.

2.1 Semiconductors main characteristics and PN junction.
2.2 Diodes in both signal and power applications. Zener and Schottky diodes
2.3 BJT, MOSFET and JFET devices in both signal and power applications. IGBT characteristics and applications.
2.4 Power electronics converters: single-phase and three-phase diode rectifiers, DC-DC converters (Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost and Full-Bridge), introduction to DC-AC converters, sinusoidal voltage regulation with PWM technique, 1ph and 3ph DC-AC converters for 4-quadrans operation, hysteretic current control.

3.1 Digital circuits. Boolean algebra. Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits.
3.2 Microcontroller and Digital Signal Processors. Memory devices. Analog-to-digital conversion.
3.3 Hall effect. Current and voltage transducers. Position and speed sensors. Temperature sensors. Voltage-to-frequency and frequency-to-voltage converters.
3.4 Operational Amplifiers. Digital-to-analog converters. Analog filters.
3.5 Industrial communication buses: RS-485, DeviceNet, Ethercat, etc. Time-Sensitive-Network (TSN) for deterministic applications.
3.6 Automotive communication buses: CAN, LIN.
3.7 Fieldbus for domotics applications.

In addition to the lecture notes provided by the teacher

D. Johns, K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Wiley

Digital Integrated Circuits, by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic, Prentice Hall

Electrical circuits, Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Giambattista Gruosso, Giancarlo Storti Gajani

The similitude theory applied to turbomachines

- Criteria and limits;
- Dimensional analysis and performance laws;
- Relevant applications to design and analysis of turbomachines;

Hydraulic machines

1) Centrifugal and axial pumps

- Basic principles and performance
- Influence of cavitation on pump selection and design;
- Preliminary design of the main components (radial and axial impellers, unvaned and vaned diffusers, volutes)
- Main parameters which affect pump performance;
- Operation and control: basic principles.

2) Hydraulic turbines

- Basic principles and performance
- Preliminary design of Pelton turbines;
- Preliminary design of reaction turbines (Francis and Kaplan);
- Draft tube and cavitation in reaction turbines;
- Performance characteristics;
- Operation: basic principles.

Compressible flow turbomachines

3) Fluid-dynamics in ducted flows

- Review of applied thermodynamics and gas-dynamics;
- Steady one-dimensional and two-dimensional flows, vorticity, Crocco’s theorem, shock waves. Shock and expansion waves on complex aerofoils.
- Two-dimensional cascades;
- Boundary layers on complex aerofoils, effect of pressure gradients on stall in cascades, thermal boundary layers.
- Shock wave/ boundary layer interaction;
- Three-dimensional effects: secondary flows.

4) Axial compressors

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, factors affecting stage pressure ratio, blockage in the compressor annulus, degree of reaction, design process;
- Mean-line analysis: efficiency optimization.
- Three-dimensional flow: free-vortex law, constant degree of reaction law, constant rotor absolute inlet angle law;
- Stage efficiency: three-dimensional optimization.
- Correlations for the evaluation of losses and deviation.

5) Steam Turbine

- Basic principles and performance characteristics.
- Analysis of: impulse stage, velocity-compounded impulse stage, reaction stage. Comparison and discussion.
- Total-to-total and total-to-static blade efficiency, windage losses, partial admission losses, humidity losses.
- Preliminary design: principles for selecting the path of multistage turbines, rough estimation of the process of steam flow in the path, estimation of stage diameter, number of stages and distribution of enthalpy drops. Calculation of the steam path.

6) Axial gas turbines

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, vortex theory (free-vortex design, constant nozzle angle design);
- Stage performance limitations;
- Cooling methods: basic principles.


Students will apply design methodologies and procedures on several case studies.

• S.L. Dixon, "Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery", Ed. Butterworth Heinemann;
• D.G. Wilson, T. Korakianitis, "The design of high-efficiency Turbomachinery and Gas Turbines", Ed. Prentice Hall;
• H. Cohen, G.F.C. Rogers, H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, "Gas Turbine Theory", Ed. Longman;
• J. Tuzson, "Centrifugal pump design", Ed. John Wiley & Sons.
• Documents on specific topics uploaded on Moodle.

The industrial enterprise
Organization and scope of industrial enterprise. Classification of production systems. Analysis of production processes (process mapping and performance estimation). Little’s law. Impact of flow and process variability on main performance measures. Analysis of lot size effects on capacity, lead time and manufacturing cost. Lot sizing criteria in repetitive manufacturing.

Demand forecast
Analysis of demand variability components (random fluctuations, trends, seasonality). Classification of quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods. Linear regression causal models, time series methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) and seasonal forecasting methods. Estimation of forecast error. Demand estimation for new products: market size and market penetration dynamics (Bass model).

Fundamentals of production planning and control
Analysis of P-Time and D-Time. Push and Pull production systems. Make to Stock, Assemble to Order, Make to Order ed Engineering to Order systems. The hierarchical production planning framework.

Aggregate planning
Alternatives to match production and demand. Trial and error aggregate planning methods (chase, level and mixed plans). LP models for the aggregate planning problem.

Master production scheduling
Criteria to disaggregate an aggregate plan and methods to develop a Master Production Schedule (MPS) based on items forecast and firm orders. Etsimation of Available to Promise capacity. Difference of MPS in MTS and ATO settings.

Requirements planning
MRPI and II methods. Capacity Requirements Planning. Lot sizing criteria for materials requirements planning. Limitations of MRP systems.

Operational planning and manufacturing execution
Final Assembly Schedule and operational plans. Criteria for job release and queues control. Heuristic rules for job scheduling and priority assignment. Production advancement and control systems.

Pull production systems
Kanban method and production leveling techniques. Methods for sequencing mixed model assembly lines. CONWIP. Comparison of push and pull systems.

Inventory management
Classification and scope of inventories. Relevant costs in inventory management. Management of dependent demand materials: economic order quantitym reorder cycle and reorder level policies. Service level and computation of safety stock. Benefits of safety stock pooling. Management of dependent demand items: lot by lot and dynamic lot sizing techniques. Newsboy model and single period order sizing. ABC classification and warehouse performance measures.

Lecture notes provided by instructor.
Suggested reference textbooks:
Sianesi, La Gestione del Sistema di Produzione, Rizzoli Etas, 2011.
De Toni, Panizzolo, Villa, Gestione della Produzione, ISEDI, 2013.

• Elements of the theory of the vibrations
o Single degree of freedom
o Multi degree of freedom
o Continuos models: beams, plates and shells
• Finite elements method
• Critical speeds

• W. Weaver Jr, S. P. Timoshenko, D. H. Young, “Vibration problems in engineering” – Wiley Interscience
• W. Soedel, “Vibrations of shells and plates” – Dekker Mechanical Engineering
• J. P. Den Hartog, “Mechanical Vibrations “– Dover
• W. J. Palm III, “Mechanical Vibration” - Eiley

Mechanics of cutting and sizing of the tool. The mechanics of the cut. Recalls on the work by material subtraction: turning, milling, drilling. The sizing of the tool in turning, milling and drilling. Tool interaction - material in chip removal machining. Tool wear and Taylor's law. Optimization of numerical control machining. Optimization of machining parameters. Maximum economy criterion. Maximum productivity criterion. Optimal choice. Sensitivity analysis. Mono-step processing. Mono-step processing with variable feed. Multi-step machining. Multi-stage and multi-stage machining. Advanced methods of optimization of numerical control machining. Numerical control of machine tools. Overview of numerical control machining systems. Architecture of a numerical control machining system. Description of the components of numerical control machining systems. Handling systems. References. Absolute and incremental movements. Control systems. Tools. Control unit. Instructions for a numerical control machining system. Program formats. Preparation of the Part Program. Manual programming. Manual programming language instruction (script). Automatic programming. Instruction to the automatic programming language (script). Design of mechanical components and preparation of the worksheet.

Optional bibliographic resource: Groover M.P., Principles of Modern Manufacturing 4 / and SI Version, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Edition year: 2010, ISBN: 978-0470505922
Optional bibliographic resource: Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, Publisher: Pearson, Year edition: 2008, ISBN: 978-9810679538
Optional bibliographic resource: Smid P., A Comprehensive Guide to Practical CNC Programming, Publisher: Industrial Press Inc., Edition year: 2010, ISBN: 978-0831133474

The design process: problem definition, establishment of objectives, generation of alternatives, preliminary design, detailed design.
Thermal systems design: selection of machines and equipment, cost accounting, economic analysis.
Conventional versus optimum design process: optimum design problem formulation, design variables and degrees of freedom, cost function, design constraints, examples of optimum design problem formulations.
Design as a result of subsequent analyses: analysis model definition, mathematical formulation, sequential and simultaneous approach.
Theory of similitude and its application to design.
Optimisation of processes to produce electricity, heat and cold.
Design approach for heat transfer devices.
Steam generators: typologies, fuels, combustion, heat transfer, thermo-mechanical design criteria, efficiency.
Sizing of machines and apparatuses of thermo-mechanical plants.

CIRILLO F., Progetto di sistemi meccanici, Mc Graw-Hill.
ARORA J. S., Introduction To Optimum Design, Mc Graw-Hill.
BOEHM R. F., Design Analysis of Thermal Systems, John Wiley&son
STOECKER W. F., Design of Thermal Systems, Mc Graw-Hill International.
ANNARATONE D., Calcolo termico di generatori di vapore, Tamburini Editore.

Introduction to Functional Design: design methods, classification according to Artobolewsky, functional classification: rigid body guidance, function generator, path generator. Topological Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms: graph-mechanism correspondence; enumeration of kinematic chains, graphs isomorphism and planarity. Kinematic Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms for finite displacements: method based on the displacement matrices, plane and spatial motions, Freudenstein’s equation. Kinematic Synthesis of mechanisms for infinitesimal displacements: Classical and Generalized Burmester’s Theory, general methods based on geometric invariants and on centrodes; kinematic analysis with kinematic invariants, cognate mechanisms. Automotive: automatic gearbox, epicyclic and differential gear drives, suspensions and steering mechanisms, clutches. Transmissions and actuation: parallel, bevel and skew axis transmissions, joints, principle of inertia match. Lubrication: Elasto-Hydro-Dynamic Lubrication EHL. Dynamic simulation of Multi Body Systems and of continuum structures: methods for the solution of the set of dynamic equations of a MBS with constraints; dynamic simulation of structures via FEA. Compliant mechanisms: Kinematic, kinetostatic and dynamic analysis and simulation of compliant mechanisms. Isotropic compliance: synthesis of the compliance in E(3) and SE(3) for mechanisms and robots. MEMS and NEMS: design, simulation, fabrication, characterization, test and operational strategies of micro/nano electro mechanical systems. Mechatronics: control of mechanisms in dynamic regime, mechanisms for the automation, ratchet and Geneva mechanisms, microcontrollers. Creativity in Design: Atlases of mechanisms, TRIZ and LT. Computational intelligence: optimization of mechanisms for performance indices, pressure angle and mechanical gain.

Lecture notes.

Di Benedetto, A., Pennestrì, E., Introduzione alla cinematica dei meccanismi, CEA, Voll. 1, 2 e 3.

Performance and metrological characteristics of measurement systems for industry: basics of metrology and measurement methods. Analysis and processing of dynamic measurements. Applied statistics to industrial measurements and quality control. Fundamentals of Technical Writing.
Measurement systems and signal processing for industrial applications: impedance matching, amplifiers, filtering, signal modulation and demodulation, bridge circuits, linearization, communication standards of measurement devices. Elements of digital data acquisition systems and sensor fusion. Sensor networks: fundamentals and applications.
Methods and devices for mechanical and thermal measurements in industry and manufacturing, e.g. non-invasive measurement systems, optical measurement methods, ultrasound systems , tactile sensors, MEMS, ecc. Industrial Instrumentation management

• W. C. Dunn, Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, McGraw-Hill, 2005
• C. W. de Silva , Sensors and actuators – Engineering System Instrumentation, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
• Beckwith T.G., Marangoni R.D. & Lienhard J.H, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007
• R. S. Figliola, D. E. Beasley, Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2015
• Hughes, T. Hase, Measurements and their Uncertainties A practical guide to modern error analysis, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2010
• W. Navidi, Probabilità e statistica per l'ingegneria e le scienze, Mc Graw Hill, 2006
• F. P. Branca, Misure meccaniche, E.S.A. Editrice, Roma 1980
• P. Cappa, Sensori e Trasduttori per Misure Meccaniche e Termiche, Voll. I-III, Borgia Editore, 1994
• Statistical Quality Control Handbook, Western Electric, 1956
• M. G. Natrella, Experimental Statistics, National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91, 1963
• Douglas C.Montgomery, Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009
• G. Malagola, A. Ponterio, La metrologia dimensionale: teoria e procedure di taratura, Società Editrice Esculapio, 2013
• A. Brunelli, Manuale di taratura degli strumenti di misura, GISI, 2012

Manufacturing processes of polymeric materials. Classification of polymeric materials. References of the main technological properties. Extrusion. Blown film extrusion. Extrusion and blowing. Calendering. Fiber production process. Injection moulding. Blow molding. Rotational molding. Compression molding. Transfer molding. Thermoforming. Foaming processes. Plastic joining. Manufacturing processes of composite materials. Classification of composite materials. References of the main technological properties. Injection molding of foams. Filament winding. Pultrusion.
Powder metallurgy and processing of ceramic / glass materials. General information on metal powders, production processes and properties. Powder pressing. Sintering. Recalls of the main technological properties of ceramic materials and glass. Manufacturing processes of ceramic materials. Ceramic forming techniques.
Unconventional manufacturing technologies. Classification of unconventional manufacturing technologies. Abrasive jet machining. Water jet processing. Abrasive-water jet machining. Ultrasonic processing. Chemical and photochemical processes. Electrochemical processing. Electrochemical grinding. Wire and plunge EDM. Electron beam processing. Laser beam processing. Plasma processing.

Text: De Filippi A. M., Fabbricazione di componenti in materiali polimerici, Publisher: Hoepli, Edition year:2004; ISBN: 978-8820333614
Text: Groover M.P., Principles of Modern Manufacturing 4/e SI Version, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Edition year: 2010, ISBN: 978-0470505922
Text: Kalpakjian S., Schmid S.R., Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, Publisher: Pearson, Edition year: 2008, ISBN: 978-9810679538