Optional group:
Opzionali - (show)
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9
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20801912 -
METAMATERIALS
(objectives)
The course aim at giving the student the tools for the analysis and the design of innovative micro- and nano-electronics devices based on the employment of metamaterials.
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Derived from
20801912 METAMATERIALI in Ingegneria delle tecnologie della comunicazione e dell'informazione LM-27 N0 BILOTTI FILIBERTO
( syllabus)
Introduction to metamaterials. Negative index metamaterials. Classification and terminology. Engheta’s resonator. Pendry’s lens. Metamaterial transmission lines. Miniaturized components. Miniaturized antennas. 2D metamaterials: metasurfaces. Design of metamaterial particles at microwaves. Simulations and experiments. Design of metamaterial transmission lines and design of miniaturized components (unit-cells, phase-shifters, rat-races, etc.) Simulations (and experiments).
Electromagnetic invisibility. Reduction of radar observability. Basic principles of EM invisibility. Radar and scattering cross sections. Figure of merit for EM cloaks. Basic principles of the transformation EM. Invisibility cloak based on transformation EM. Other EM invisibility techniques. Basic principles of the scattering cancellation. Scattering cancellation through volumetric metamaterials. Scattering cancellation through metasurfaces (mantle cloaking). Mie theory for spherical and cylindrical cloaked objects. Mie theory on Mathematica. Implementation of single and dual polarization cloaking devices working at microwave frequency. Applications of the EM invisibility at microwave frequencies: cloaking passive objects, cloaking receiving antennas and sensors, cloaking transmitting antennas. Non-linear and waveform selective cloaking devices and related applications. Full-wave simulations of actual cloaking devices.
Metasurfaces at optical frequencies based on proper arrays of nanoparticles. EM characterization of metals at optical frequenices. Drude model. Size correction of the Drude formula. Volumetric homogenization techniques for arrays of nanoparticles: Maxwell Garnett and Clausius-Mosotti formulas. 2D homogenization techniques: the surface impedance model. Homogenization techniques on Mathematica. Application of optical metasurfaces: EM invisibility, absorbers, anti-reflection coatings, transparent screens. Extension of the 2D homogenization to arrays of dielectric nanoparticles. Application of dielectric metasurfaces. Full-wave simulations and practical examples.
Introduction to EM non-reciprocity based on natural and artificial materials. Introduction to space-time modulated metamaterials. Analysis of a resonator loaded with a space-time modulated metamaterial: coupled mode theory, resonant modes and frequency response. Applications. Free-space and slab propagation in space-time modulated materials. Time-domain propagation in a dielectric slab. Space-time modulated metasurfaces. FDTD simulations of space-time modulated materials and surfaces.
Topological properties of structured fields. Introduction to the concept of orbital angular momentum, phase singularity and topologiocal charge. Generation of EM fields with phase singularities at optical and microwave frequencies. Generation of composite vortices and related topological properties (robustness with respect to the interaction with opaque objects and vortex-less fields). Application examples: patch antenna with Moebius polarization, shaping of the direction pattern, sectorial and saddle radiation patterns. Full-wave and analytical simulations.
Radiation and transmissive components based on metamaterials. Examples of multifunctional and miniaturized antennas. Filters for horn antennas based on metamaterial particles: pass-band behavior (linear and circular polarization, single-band and dual-band), notch-band (narrow-band and broad-band). Waveguide components based on electrically small resonators (orthomode transducer, curved components, power dividers). Full-wave simulations.
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9
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ING-INF/02
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63
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20802052 -
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(objectives)
The course provides basic understanding of physics and technology of photovoltaic devices, from first generation silicon solar cells (crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous) to second (thin-films technology) and third generation (multi-junction) solar cells. The course deals with devices, modules and systems and includes an introduction to storage and distribution of solar energy. The objective is to provide the specific knowledge for the design, analysis and characterization of solar cells and systems. The course includes a number of laboratory experiments on solar cells and SPICE simulations
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COLACE LORENZO
( syllabus)
Introduction: History of photovoltaics. PV costs, markets and forecasts. Goals of today’s PV research and manufacturing. Global trends in performance and applications. Progress and challenges. Concentration PV systems. Future of emerging PV technologies.
Physics of the Solar Cell: Solar radiation. Fundamentals of semiconductors. Light absorption. Recombination. Carrier transport. Solar cell fundamentals. I–V characteristics. Efficient solar cells. Surface recombination. Efficiency and band gap. Spectral response. Parasitic resistance. Temperature effects. Concentrator solar cells. High-level injection. Limitation on energy conversion. Concepts for improving the efficiency.
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Crystalline Silicon. Crystalline Si solar cells. Manufacturing. Crystalline Si photovoltaic modules. Electrical and optical performance of modules. Field performance.
Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells: Review of current thin-film Si cells. Design concepts of TF-Si solar cells. Future trends.
High-Efficiency III-V Multijunction Solar Cells: Physics of III-V multijunction solar cells. Cell configuration. Computation of device performance. Materials issues. Future-generation solar cells.
Photovoltaic Concentrators: Basic types of concentrators. Historical overview. Optics of concentrators. Current concentrators.
Amorphous Silicon–based Solar Cells: Atomic and electronic structure of hydrogenated amorphous Silicon. Depositing amorphous Si. Understanding a-Si cells. Multijunctions. Continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing on flexible substrates.
Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells: Material properties. Deposition. Junction and device formation. Device operation. Manufacturing. Device performance.
Measurement and Characterization of Solar Cells and Modules: Rating PV performance. I-V Measurements. Spectral responsivity. Module qualification and certification.
Photovoltaic Systems: Introduction to PV systems and applications. Components for PV systems. Future developments in photovoltaic system technology. Electrochemical storage. Power conditioning. Energy collected and delivered by PV modules. Economic analysis and environmental aspects of photovoltaics.
PC1D simulation of solar cells.
Laboratory experiments: I-V characterization, extraction of relevant parameters.
( reference books)
M.A. Green "Solar Cells: Operating Principles, Technology, and System Applications" (Prentice-Hall)
J. Nelson "Physics of Solar Cells" Imperial College Press 1st (first) Edition
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6
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ING-INF/01
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42
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20802051 -
Electromagnetic sensing of the environment
(objectives)
1) indoor/outdoor electromagnetic field evaluation; 2) antenna characterization (far-field, near-field); 3) electromagnetic field mesaurement; 4) use of electromagnetic cad; 5) normatives.
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TOSCANO ALESSANDRO
( syllabus)
Analysis of human exposure to electromagnetic fields. Low and high frequency electromagnetic characteristics. Electromagnetic sources. Dosimetry. Mesaurements. Probes for mesaurements.
( reference books)
Normativa CEI 211-6 e 211-7
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6
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ING-INF/02
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48
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Core compulsory activities
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20810063 -
IMAGE PROCESSING
(objectives)
This course aims at providing the students with the fundamentals techniques of representation, processing and communications of digital images.
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6
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ING-INF/01
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42
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20810067 -
ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
(objectives)
Electronics Laboratory is an experimental lab course that provides the fundamentals of electronic design, simulation, construction, test and debugging of analog and digital electronic circuits. Lectures will be devoted to design strategies and methods. The intensive use of PSpice simulation will allow fast circuit verification before its fabrication. The course will include several measurement techniques to perform the experimental tests. Expected results are the ability to design electronic circuits for both analog and digital signal processing, the knowledge of the characteristics of the major electronic components and skills in the use of PSpice simulator, combined with the ability to measure electrical quantities with laboratory instrumentation.
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CALIANO GIOSUE'
( syllabus)
1) Theory of circuits and electronic devices
a. Introduction to PSpice modeling
b. Transfer functions
c. Butterworth and Chebychev filters.
d. Op-AMP: amplifiers and filters
2) Analog communications
a. Amplitude modulation: exercise
b. Superheterodyne (AM and FM): exercise
3) Digital communications
a. Fourier analysis: recalls
b. Basic band transmission techniques (NRZ, RZ, Manchester): tutorial
c. Sampling and PCM: exercise
d. PAM and PAM-TDM signals: exercise
e. QPSK
( reference books)
• P. Tobin, “PSpice for Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices”, Morgan&Claypool Pub.
• P. Tobin, “PSpice for Analog Communications Engineering”, Morgan&Claypool Pub.
• P. Tobin, “PSpice for Digital Communications Engineering”, Morgan&Claypool Pub.
• P. Tobin, “PSpice for Digital Signal Processing”, Morgan&Claypool Pub.
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6
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ING-INF/01
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42
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20810068 -
ELECTRONIC DESIGN
(objectives)
The aim of this course is to provide the fundamentals of electronic design in terms of both synthesis and analysis methodologies. The course is focused on electronic system architecture for the processing of signals coming from front-end amplifiers and directed to output stages, after suitable analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) conversion. Special attention will be given to the definition of design specifications, including DC and AC, distortion and noise, as well as A/D and D/A conversion techniques. The course includes a detailed analysis of a set of projects with applications in consumer electronics, telecommunications, industrial and medical electronics.
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Derived from
20810068 PROGETTAZIONE ELETTRONICA in Ingegneria elettronica per l'industria e l'innovazione LM-29 ROSSI MARIA CRISTINA
( syllabus)
ELECTRONIC DESIGN
Introduction: basic on analog and digital design.
Input stages and signal amplifier: project examples: offset and bias current nulling in integrator amplifiers; current feedback amplifiers (CFA); antialiasing filter for A/D conversion and CD audio filter; switch capacitor filters; digital fiters with design elements.
Noise: noise properties, dinamics and sources. Op amp noise and S/N ratio. Photodiode amplifier application. Low noise integrated circuits.
Analog-digital conversion: ADC definition; oversamping and noise shaping; ΣΔ modulator, ΣΔ converters architecture; conditioning system for sensors; examples of OpAmp conditioning system; ADC practical application: ADC selection and temperature measurement, electronic scale and power measurement.
Output stages and power amplifiers: large signal amplifiers. A, B, AB and C classification. Armonic distortion and power devices. Safe operating Area (SOA) protections. Efficiency. Integrated power amplifiers and devices.
Design project examples in several microelectronic field (biomedical, radiofrequency and power).
( reference books)
M. Thompson, Intuitive Analog Circuit Design, Newnes-Elsevier, 2006.
Analog-Digital Conversion, W. Kester ed., Analog Devices, www.analog.com
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9
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ING-INF/01
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72
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20810084 -
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ANTENNA SYSTEMS
(objectives)
Antennas are fundamental components of modern wireless communication systems for smart environments such as pervasive systems for distributed information and computing, advanced space systems, intelligent transportation systems. This course aims at providing a selection of advanced topics in antenna engineering, including analytical and numerical techniques: theory and applications of periodic structures; resonant and traveling-wave antennas for terrestrial and space communication systems; smart and MIMO antenna arrays; numerical techniques based on differential formulations (finite differences in time and frequency) and on boundary integral formulations (method of moments); the main commercial CAD tools for antennas based on the above numerical techniques will also be illustrated.
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BACCARELLI PAOLO
( syllabus)
Introductory concepts:
Linear algebraic systems and their numerical solution
Singular-value decomposition (SVD) of general complex matrices.
Fundamentals of radiation.
Antenna parameters.
Elementary array theory.
Beyond elementary array theory.
Microstrip and Printed antennas:
Overview, basic principles of operation, feeding methods, and radiation characteristics.
Design procedures and CAD formulas.
Circular polarization, broadband and multi-band antennas, and miniaturization.
Periodic structures:
Introduction, basic theory (space harmonics, Floquet theorem).
Brillouin diagrams.
Bloch analysis.
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs):
General features and classification.
Design procedures for 1D LWAs.
Fabry-Perot cavity antennas; general features of 2D LWAs
Arrays for wireless communications:
Characterization of the wireless channel.
Arrays and diversity.
Introduction to Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems.
Boundary integral equations and the Method of Moments (MoM):
MoM for 1D integral equations; basis and test functions.
MoM for thin wires.
Boundary integral representations of the electromagnetic field and boundary integral equations.
Mixed-Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) in free space.
MoM for MPIE: basis and test functions.
MPIE in layered media.
Sommerfeld integrals, asymptotic extractions, and spatial singularities.
Acceleration techniques for integral and series in electromagnetic problems.
MoM for MPIE: periodic structures (free space and layered media).
Electromagnetic CAD:
Ansys Designer and FEKO: introduction and general features.
Analysis of microstrip antennas: simple patch antenna, mutual coupling, and array configurations.
Analysis of Frequency Selective Surfaces. (FSSs)
( reference books)
Teaching material:
• Slides of the lessons
Testi di consultazione:
• C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory, analysis and design. New York, NY: Wiley Interscience, 2005, 3a ed.
• Y.T. Lo, S.W. Lee, Antenna Handbook. Antenna theory, Volume II, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993
• D. R. Jackson, “Microstrip Antennas,” Ch. 7 of Antenna Engineering Handbook, J. L. Volakis, Editor, McGraw Hill, 2007.
• D. R. Jackson, S. A. Long, J. T. Williams, and V. B. Davis, “Computer-Aided Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas,” Ch. 5 of Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas, • K. F. Lee and W. Chen, Eds., John Wiley, 1997
• D. Guha e Y. M. M. Antar, Eds., Microstrip and printed antennas: New trends, techniques and applications. Wiley, 2011.
• R. E. Collin and F. J. Zucker, Antenna theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
• D. Tse and P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
• K. F. Warnick, Numerical methods for engineering: An introduction using Matlab and computational electromagnetics. Raleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing Inc, 2011.
• D. B. Davidson, Computational electromagnetics for RF and microwave engineering. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
• R. C. Booton, Computational methods for electromagnetics and microwaves. New York, NY: Wiley, 1992, 2a ed.
• A. F. Peterson, S. L. Ray e R. Mittra, Computational methods for electromagnetics. New York: IEEE Press, 1997.
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9
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ING-INF/02
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72
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Optional group:
OPZIONALE - (show)
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12
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20801749 -
ELECTRICAL ENERGETICS
(objectives)
The course provides to supply the students the basic knowledge of the energy technologies related to electric energy generation taking into account the energy needs in the industrial and civil sector. Basic instruments and information will be supplied to better understand problems related the distributed energy generation particulary concerning electricity produced by renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, wind, fuelcell – hydrogen, etc.) Including energy storage systems. For the above mentioned energy systems will be analyzed and discussed the problems related to the grid connection and all active components and systems to assure the best quality of the energy distributed.
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Derived from
20801749 ENERGETICA ELETTRICA in Ingegneria meccanica LM-33 N0 LIDOZZI ALESSANDRO
( syllabus)
1 Users efficiency
Transformers
Cables
Power factor correction
Rotating electrical machines
Electrical drives
2 Power quality
Static compensators
UPS
3 Distributed generation
Smart grids
Enery storage systems (ESS)
Electrochemical ESS
Ultracapacitors
Superconducting magnetic energy storage
Flywheel ESS
Hydroges energy storage
4 Photovoltaic systems (PV)
PV cell
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms
Grid-tied systems
Grid-tied and intentional islanding operation
5 Wind power plants
Main characteristics, constant speed, variable speed, grid interface, power conversion topologies
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms
6 Mobile power generation
( reference books)
Bibliography available through the library or the Internet. Teaching materials in electronic form will be provided during classes.
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6
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ING-IND/32
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48
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20801920 -
STATIC POWER CONVERTORS DESIGN
(objectives)
The lessons will present dynamic modeling and methodologies for power electronic converters design. The students will face design problems with reference to technical specifications and required performances.
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SOLERO LUCA
( syllabus)
Basic criteria for power electronic converters design; capacitors and inductors sizing; power losses calculation; cooling systems definition.
Steady-state equivalent circuit modeling, losses and efficiency for dc-dc, dc-ac and ac-dc power electronic converters.
AC equivalent circuit modeling for dc-dc dc-ac and ac-dc power electronic converters. Converter transfer functions and controller design.
Input filter design.
Introduction to multilevel and four-legs topologies. Power electronic converters in parallel running operation.
( reference books)
R.W. Erickson, D. Maksimovic: Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Kluwer Academic Publisher,2000.
S. Buso, P. Mattavelli: Digital Control in Power Electronics, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2006
N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins: Power Electronics, Converters, Applications, and Design, John Wiley & Sons
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9
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ING-IND/32
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63
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20810066 -
ELECTROTECHNICS FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS
(objectives)
The aim of the course is to discuss the main energy conversions to deliver, to manage and to storing electrical energy. The optimization of the different systems for enhancing efficiency and the environmental impact as weel as Renewable energies and the energy storage will be widely analyzed.
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LOZITO GABRIELE MARIA
( syllabus)
The class aims at giving the student knowledge concerning the distributed generation paradigm, and in particular, on the problems arising from renewable sources energy generation. The core aspects of the class involves analysis model on energy production efficiency and aging issues. Electric energy conversion systems will be discussed, and in particular, the control algorithms used to maximize the extracted power (Maximum Power Point Tracking). Following, the technological aspects of intelligent energy distribution will be considered (Smart Grids). In particular, the computational algorithms used to analyze power flow and grid optimization will be discussed. Concluding, energy storage technological aspects will be analyzed.
( reference books)
Class notes and teacher notes
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6
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42
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20810085 -
SIMULATION METHODS FOR ELECTRONIC & ELECTRIC SYSTEMS
(objectives)
The course objective is to provide to students suitable lectures about scientific computing and procedures for electric and electronics applications, in order to understand and to design simulation software.
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RIGANTI FULGINEI FRANCESCO
( syllabus)
FIRST PART: CALCULATION TOOLS
• An introduction to the MATLAB (OCTAVE) environment
• Representation of real numbers with the calculator
• Calculation of zeros of a function
• Mathematical models and numerical errors
• Approximation of functions and data
• Numerical derivative
• Numerical integral
• Computational methods for solving systems of linear equations (direct and inverse methods)
SECOND PART: ALGORITHMS AND OPTIMIZATION MODELS
• The system concept
• Linear and nonlinear systems
• Abstract models and optimization models
• Mathematical models and models of mathematical optimization
• Optimization algorithms
• Multi-objective optimization
• Linear optimization
• Geometric aspects of the linear optimization
• Nonlinear optimization
• Geometric aspects of the nonlinear optimization
• Local and global optimum
• Main methods of nonlinear optimization
• Heuristic methods for the optimization: Tabu Search, Simulating Annealing, Genetic Algorithms, Bacterial Chemotaxis Algorithm, Particle Swarm
Optimization, Flock Of Starling Optimization
• Applications:
• Simulation of devices with ferromagnetic core
• Simulation Load flow optimization of grids
• Simulation of analog filters
( reference books)
QUARTERONI ALFIO; SALERI FAUSTO - CALCOLO SCIENTIFICO. ESERCIZI E PROBLEMI RISOLTI CON MATLAB E OCTAVE - ED. SPRINGER VERLAG ------ VERCELLIS CARLO - OTTIMIZZAZIONE. TEORIA, METODI, APPLICAZIONI - ED. MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES
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6
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ING-IND/31
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Università Roma Tre