Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation and antenna parameters. Radiation from a short current filament. Radiation from a small current loop. Radiation from arbitrary current distribution. Half-wave dipole antennas. Antenna impedance. Folded dipole, short dipole, and monopole antennas.

Receiving antennas. Reciprocity theorem and effective area. Polarization mismatch. Friis transmission formula. Noise in communication systems. Noise temperature of an antenna.

Introduction to antenna arrays. Uniform one-dimensional arrays. End-fire and broadside arrays. Uniform two-dimensional arrays. Array design. Binomial and polynomial arrays, Chebyshev method. Feeding networks, Butler Matrices. Parasitic and log-periodic arrays.

Aperture antennas. Analysis and synthesis. Radiation from a planar aperture: the Fourier transform method. Radiation from rectangular and circular aperture. Application of field-equivalence principles to aperture radiation. Open waveguides and horn antennas. Ray optics. Microwave lens. Paraboloidal reflector antennas: efficiency, directivity, cross-polarization. Induced current method. Feeds with low cross-polarization. Dual reflector systems. Radiation from slots. Microstrip antennas. Artificial periodic media. Electromagnetic Band-Gap media and their application to antennas.

Scattering of the radiation: general environment and canonical cases. Plane-wave scattering by a conducting cylinder, E- and H- polarization. Dielectric cylinder.

A. Paraboni, M. D’Amico, “Radiopropagazione” Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
A. Paraboni, "Antenne", Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
C. Balanis, "Antenna theory, analysis and design", 3rd edition, Wiley,
Robert E. Collin, "Antennas and Radiowave propagation", McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Biometrics fundamentals: identity and biometrics. Introduction to biometric systems. Biometric applications.
Biometric modalities. Physical: fingerprints, face (2D and 3D), hand geometry, palmprint, vein patterns, iris, thermography). Behavioral: signature, voice, keystroke, gait, lip motion). Cognitive (electroencephalografic signals and responses from the peripheral nervous system.
Biometric system design: biometric system architecture. Biometric system design stages: system requirements, system specification, architecture, implementation, deployment, and maintenance.
System testing: FAR, FRR, FTE, FTA, curves ROC, DET, CMC, usability, and scalability
Sicurezza, vulnerabilità, e privacy di un sistema biometrico: attacchi ad un sistema biometrico, protezione del template (criptosistemi biometrici, "cancelable templates").
Security, vulnerability, and privacy of a biometric system: attacks, privacy enhancing technologies (PETs).
Multimodal biometric systems.
Biometric Standards.
Social, cultural, and legal implications.

Introduction to Biometrics, Anil K. Jain , Arun A. Ross , Karthik Nandakumar, Springer, 2011.
Handbook of Biometrics , A. K. Jain, P. Flynn, A. Ross, Springer, 2007.
Handbook of Multibiometrics, A. A. Ross, K. Nandakumar, and Anil K. Jain, Springer, 2006.

Mobile networks with shared access. Networks and services plans, including financial and economic aspects. New generation mobile networks (3G, 4G, 5G, 6G). Provided services and quality of service. Mobility management, security, secrecy and authentication problems. Localization services, power control of connected devices. Access technologies from wireless devices. Evolution of architecture based on SW network virtualization. Algorithms of array processing to allow dedicated efficient links in modern standards (5G and beyond) between terminals or smart objects connected to the IoT world.
Further details on the site: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/radiomobile

G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso, 2023.

Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation and antenna parameters. Radiation from a short current filament. Radiation from a small current loop. Radiation from arbitrary current distribution. Half-wave dipole antennas. Antenna impedance. Folded dipole, short dipole, and monopole antennas.

Receiving antennas. Reciprocity theorem and effective area. Polarization mismatch. Friis transmission formula. Noise in communication systems. Noise temperature of an antenna.

Introduction to antenna arrays. Uniform one-dimensional arrays. End-fire and broadside arrays. Uniform two-dimensional arrays. Array design. Binomial and polynomial arrays, Chebyshev method. Feeding networks, Butler Matrices. Parasitic and log-periodic arrays.

Aperture antennas. Analysis and synthesis. Radiation from a planar aperture: the Fourier transform method. Radiation from rectangular and circular aperture. Application of field-equivalence principles to aperture radiation. Open waveguides and horn antennas. Ray optics. Microwave lens. Paraboloidal reflector antennas: efficiency, directivity, cross-polarization. Induced current method. Feeds with low cross-polarization. Dual reflector systems. Radiation from slots. Microstrip antennas. Artificial periodic media. Electromagnetic Band-Gap media and their application to antennas.

Scattering of the radiation: general environment and canonical cases. Plane-wave scattering by a conducting cylinder, E- and H- polarization. Dielectric cylinder.

A. Paraboni, M. D’Amico, “Radiopropagazione” Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
A. Paraboni, "Antenne", Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
C. Balanis, "Antenna theory, analysis and design", 3rd edition, Wiley,
Robert E. Collin, "Antennas and Radiowave propagation", McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Mobile networks with shared access. Networks and services plans, including financial and economic aspects. New generation mobile networks (3G, 4G, 5G, 6G). Provided services and quality of service. Mobility management, security, secrecy and authentication problems. Localization services, power control of connected devices. Access technologies from wireless devices. Evolution of architecture based on SW network virtualization. Algorithms of array processing to allow dedicated efficient links in modern standards (5G and beyond) between terminals or smart objects connected to the IoT world.
Further details on the site: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/radiomobile

G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso, 2023.

I PART

Introductory concepts:
Linear algebraic systems and their numerical solution
Singular-value decomposition (SVD) of general complex matrices.
Fundamentals of radiation.
Antenna parameters.
Elementary array theory.
Beyond elementary array theory.

Microstrip and Printed antennas:
Overview, basic principles of operation, feeding methods, and radiation characteristics.
Design procedures and CAD formulas.
Circular polarization, broadband and multi-band antennas, and miniaturization.

II PART

Periodic structures:
Introduction, basic theory (space harmonics, Floquet theorem).
Brillouin diagrams.
Bloch analysis.

Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs):
General features and classification.
Design procedures for 1D LWAs.
Fabry-Perot cavity antennas; general features of 2D LWAs

Arrays for wireless communications:
Characterization of the wireless channel.
Arrays and diversity.
Introduction to Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems.

Boundary integral equations and the Method of Moments (MoM):
MoM for 1D integral equations; basis and test functions.
MoM for thin wires.
Boundary integral representations of the electromagnetic field and boundary integral equations.
Mixed-Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) in free space.
MoM for MPIE: basis and test functions.
MPIE in layered media.
Sommerfeld integrals, asymptotic extractions, and spatial singularities.
Acceleration techniques for integral and series in electromagnetic problems.
MoM for MPIE: periodic structures (free space and layered media).

III (Numerical simulations with commercial electromagnetic software)

Electromagnetic CAD:
Ansys Designer and FEKO: introduction and general features.
Analysis of microstrip antennas: simple patch antenna, mutual coupling, and array configurations.
Analysis of Frequency Selective Surfaces. (FSSs)

Teaching material:
• Slides of the lessons available on the Moodle area of the course

Unit 1: Introduction to metamaterials.
Negative-index metamaterials. Classification and terminology. Engheta’s resonator. Pendry’s lens. Transmission-line metamaterials. Miniaturization of electromagnetic components. Miniaturized antennas. Design of inclusions for microwave metamaterials. Design of transmission-line metamaterials and design of miniaturized microwave components (elementary cells, phase shifters, rat-race, etc.). Computed-based exercises.

Unit 2: Introduction to metasurfaces.
Introduction to metasurfaces. Purely-electrical metasurfaces. Magnetoelectric sheets. Metasurfaces for anomalous reflection and refraction. Microwave metasurfaces. Optical metasurfaces based on array of nanoparticles. Electromagnetic characterization of metals at optical frequencies. Drude model. Effect of shape and size on the optical response of materials. Surface dispersion effect. Two-dimensional homogenization techniques. Applications of optical metasurfaces: electromagnetic invisibility, optical absorbers, anti-reflection coatings and transparent screens. Extension of the two-dimensional model to dielectric metasurfaces. Applications of dielectric metasurfaces. Computed-based exercises.

Unit 3: Electromagnetic invisibility.
Reduction of radar observability. Basic concepts on electromagnetic invisibility. Radar and scattering cross section. Figure of merit for EM cloaks. Basic principles of the transformation of transformation-electromagnetism. Invisibility cloaks based on transformation-electromagnetism. Other approaches to achieve electromagnetic invisibility. Basiuc principles on scattering cancellation. Scattering cancellation by volumetric metamaterials. Scattering cancellation by metasurfaces (mantle cloaking). Mie theory for spherical and cylindrical objects covered by volumetric layers and surface impedances. Implementation of invisibility devices based on the scattering cancellation at microwaves: volumetric materials and metasurfaces. Applications of electromagnetic invisibility to microwaves: invisibility of passive objects, invisibility of receiving antennas and sensors, mutual invisibility of transmitting antennas. Non-linear and waveform-selective electromagnetic invisibility devices and related applications. Computed-based exercises.

Unit 4: Space-time modulated metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Introduction to EM non-reciprocity based on natural and artificial materials. Introduction to space-time modulated metamaterials. Analysis of a resonator loaded with a space-time modulated metamaterial: coupled mode theory, resonant modes and frequency response. Applications. Free-space and slab propagation in space-time modulated materials. Time-domain propagation in a dielectric slab. Space-time modulated metasurfaces.

Unit 5: Metamaterials for structured fields.
Topological properties of structured fields. Introduction to the concept of orbital angular momentum, phase singularity and topological charge. Generation of EM fields with phase singularities at optical and microwave frequencies. Generation of composite vortices and related topological properties (robustness with respect to the interaction with opaque objects and vortex-less fields). Application examples: patch antenna with Moebius polarization, shaping of the direction pattern, sectorial and saddle radiation patterns. Full-wave and analytical simulations.

Learning materials provided by the teacher.

Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation and parameters of an antenna. Short dipole radiation. Radiation from a current loop. Radiation from an arbitrary distribution of current. Lambda dipole means. Antenna impedance. Folded dipole, short dipole and monopole antenna. Receiving antennas. Reciprocity theorem and effective area. Polarization mismatch. Friis transmission formula. Noise in communication systems. Antenna noise temperature.

Introduction to arrays. One-dimensional, broad-side, end-fire arrays. Two-dimensional arrays. Power supply networks. Parasitic arrays. Receiving antennas: reciprocity theorem and effective area, Friis transmission formula. Antenna noise temperature. Array design. Chebyshev method, binomial arrays, polynomial arrays. Power supply networks. Butler matrices. Parasitic arrays. Log-periodic arrays.

Aperture antennas: analysis and design. Radiation from a flat aperture. Fourier transform method. Radiation from rectangular and circular openings. Principle of equivalence. Application of the principle of equivalence to aperture radiation. Horn antennas. Radiation from rectangular and circular waveguides. Geometric optics. Microwave lenses. Paraboloid antennas: efficiency, directivity, cross-polarization. Eddy current method. Low cross-polar feeds. Dual reflector systems. Radiation from fissure. Synthesis of fissure alignments. Planar microstrip antennas. Properties of periodic and electromagnetic band-gap artificial media. Application to antennas.
Diffusion of radiation in complex electromagnetic environment and canonical cases. Scattering of a plane wave from a conducting cylinder, polarization E and H. Dielectric cylinder.

The exercitations are an integral part of the exam program.

A. Paraboni, M. D’Amico, “Radiopropagazione” Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
A. Paraboni, "Antenne", Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
C. Balanis, "Antenna theory, analysis and design", 3rd edition, Wiley,
Robert E. Collin, "Antennas and Radiowave propagation", McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Discrete signals and systems. Operations between sequences. Scale changes. Digital transforms. Filtering. Linear system analysis. Optimum filters. Digital estimators and performance. Prediction. Spectral estimators. Mobile applications of DSP. Speech and video coding. Software defined radio. Smart antennas. Hidden signal detection. Spread spectrum signals and codes.
Laboratory of numerical examples by MatLab platform.
Further details at: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/elaborazione

G. Giunta, "Problemi di base di elaborazione numerica dei segnali" - IV edizione, Roma (Available for free downloading).
Tamal Bose, Francois Meyer, "Digital Signal And Image Processing", December 2003, Wiley Publ.
G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso di DSP (Available for free downloading).
A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Shafer, J.R. Buck, "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, Nj (USA), 1999.
G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso su Rivelazione e comunicazioni sicure (Available for free downloading).

Classical theory of reception. Binary hypothesis testing. Detection of signals in additive Gaussian noise. m-ary hypothesis testing. M-air detection in Gaussian noise. Numerical modulations: intersymbolic interference. ASK modulation: principles and performance. QAM modulation: principles and performance. PSK modulation: principles and performance. Modulations derived from PSK modulation: OQPSK and MSK. Modulation techniques based on spectrum expansion: CDMA and DS-CDMA. OFDM modulation: time and frequency domain representation, modulation architecture. Diversity and signal combination techniques, MIMO systems and cooperating communications. Principles of Channel Coding.

Course notes and slides

Safak, Mehmet. Digital Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017.

Mobile networks with shared access. Networks and services plans, including financial and economic aspects. New generation mobile networks (4G, 5G). Provided services and quality of service. Mobility management, security, secrecy and authentication problems. Localization services, power control of connected devices. Access technologies from wireless devices. Evolution of architecture based on SW network virtualization. Algorithms of array processing to allow dedicated efficient links in modern standards (5G and beyond) between terminals or smart objects connected to the IoT world.
Further details on the site: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/radiomobile

G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso. (Available for free downloading)

Part I – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and natural materials
Foundations of electromagnetic field theory. Macroscopic response of natural materials. Constitutive relations and material classification. Linearity. Dispersion. Locality. Stationary and homogeneous materials. Causality and Kramers- Kronig relations. Electric response of natural materials. Material polarization. Electronic, atomic/ionic, orientation, interface polarization mechanisms. Lorentz model: derivation and discussion. Drude model: derivation and discussion. Magnetic response of natural materials. Electrodynamic response of a magnetized ferrite.

Part II – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and artificial materials
Artificial electromagnetic materials. Historical perspective. Chiral materials. Microscopic response of matter. Polarizability concept. Electric polarizability of a dielectric sphere. Magnetic polarizability of a metallic loop. Electric polarizability of a metallic strip. Electric polarizability of a metallic loop. Polarizabilities of the metallic omega particle. Magneto-electric effect. Local field and interaction field. From microscopic to macroscopic response. Homogenization techniques. Maxwell-Garnett formula. Clausius-Mossotti formula. Bruggeman formula. Energy density for dispersive materials. Causality and energy conservation: frequency behavior of the constitutive parameters. Anomalous dispersion. Introduction to metamaterials. Historical overview. Metamaterials and their definitions. Original studies by Victor Veselago. Negative index of refraction. Negative-index materials and their first implementation. Metamaterial terminology. Artificial electric materials with negative permittivity. The wire medium. The parallel-plate medium. Noble metals at optical frequencies. Artificial electric materials in the visible. Epsilon-near-zero metamaterials. Natural and artificial magnetism. The split-ring resonator: concept, analysis, and design. Miniaturization of magnetic particles. The Multiple Split-Ring Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. The Spiral Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. The Labyrinth Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. Modelling of metallic particles in the visible. The kinetic inductance of electrons. The fishnet structure. Route towards negative index material in optics. Optical magnetism.

Part III – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and living matter
Introduction to bio-electromagnetism. Historical overview and impact. Electric modeling of living tissues. Interaction mechanism, biological/health effects. Physical quantities to determine the risk. Dosimetry and exposure limits. European and national regulation.

Part IV – Electromagnetic invisibility, imaging and sensing
Conceptually new electromagnetic devices based on the use of metamaterials: invisibility cloaks, superlenses, hyperlenses.
Cloaking. Reduction of object observability. Stealth and RAM technologies. Electromagnetic invisibility concept. Total scattering cross section. Absorption cross section. Optical theorem. Definition of an ideal invisibility cloak. Figure of merit of non-ideal cloaks. Transformation electromagnetics as a route to invisibility. Alternative approaches to cloaking. Main limitations and assessment. Scattering cancellation approach to cloaking. Volumetric cloaks for cylindrical and spherical objects: analysis and design. Cloaking objects with other shapes. Cloaking a cone. Implementation of scattering cancellation based volumetric cloaks at microwave and optical frequencies. Mantle cloaking: concept, modelling, design, and implementation. Cloaking applications: reduction and manipulation of optical forces. Reduction of the Casimir effect.
Imaging and sensing. The optical lens and the diffraction limit. Superlenses: concept, physical aspects, and design. Hyperlenses: concept, physical aspects, and design. Near-field-scanning optical microscope (NSOM). Aperture and apertureless NSOM tips. Advanced imaging with partially cloaked tips. Electromagnetic sensors. Biological sensors.

Notes provided by the lecturer.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and fields of application
Theoretical principles and mathematical foundations of Artificial Intelligence
Main Artificial Intelligence algorithms
Supervised neural networks: the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and synaptic weight matrices
Application of an MLP in Matlab and Python for interpolation and approximation (nonlinear regression).
Setting up an external server for low-level programming
Creating an MLP in C/C++ from scratch
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): Design in Matlab and Python
Building a CNN in C/C++ from scratch
Recursive Neural Networks (RNN): Design in Matlab and Python
Building an RNN in C/C++ from scratch
Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs): Design in Matlab and Python
Building a GAN in C/C++ from scratch
Unsupervised neural networks
Neural networks with reinforcement learning

Dive into deep learning
https://d2l.ai/

Introduction to optimization theory
Non-linear optimization: the problem of local minima
Preparation of data for correct training of the neural system
Supervised training: backpropagation algorithm for calculating the gradient of the error function of an MLP
Creation of the backpropagation algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Gradient Descent training algorithm
Implementation of the Gradient Descent algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Stochastic Gradient Descent training algorithm
Implementation of the Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm
Implementation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Training with genetic algorithms and swarm intelligence
Unsupervised training
Reinforcement training

Dive into deep learning
https://d2l.ai/

Metaverse
Virtual Reality
Augmented Reality
Mixed Reality
Security at the various levels of the protocol stack for applications in the metaverse
Authentication systems applied to the metaverse
Access control and blockchain management
Artificial intelligence applications in the domain under study

Stallings’ Cryptography and Network Security, Seventh Edition
Scientific articles on the topic

Elements of information theory: entropy of a source, relative entropy. Joint entropy and conditional entropy. Sufficient statistics. Lossless source coding: Optimal codes. Codeword length limits for optimal codes. Kraft inequality for uniquely decodable codes. Huffman and Shannon-Fano-Elias encoders. Universal source coding. Arithmetic encoders. Lempel-Ziv encoder.
Equivocation, mutual information rate, channel capacity. Capacitance of symmetric binary channels and band-limited channels affected by additive gauan noise.
Shannon's theorem on channel coding. Fano inequality. Separation theorem between source coding and channel coding.
Linear block codes: definition, generating matrix, parity checks, systematic codes Error detection and correction for linear block codes. Syndrome. Dual code of a linear block code. Excellent decoder. Error detection and correction for symmetric binary channels. Standard deployment. Performance. Galois fields: definitions and properties. Cyclic codes. Hamming codes. Reed-Solomon codes.
Convolutional codes: definitions and properties. Maximum likelihood decoding: symmetric binary channels and Gaussian channels Markov series: definitions and properties.
Viterbi algorithm: principle, implementation and performance Viterbi algorithm: performance.
Turbocodes: definitions and operating principle.
Concatenated codes. Systematic recursive convolutional encoders. Interleavers for convolutional codes. Calculation of the posterior probability (AAP) for turbocodes. Operating principle of hybrid ARQ protocols.
Turbo code decoders: decoding algorithm.

Elements of information theory
Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas,
2. ed., 2006
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation and parameters of an antenna. Short dipole radiation. Radiation from a current loop. Radiation from an arbitrary distribution of current. Lambda dipole means. Antenna impedance. Folded dipole, short dipole and monopole antenna. Receiving antennas. Reciprocity theorem and effective area. Polarization mismatch. Friis transmission formula. Noise in communication systems. Antenna noise temperature.

Introduction to arrays. One-dimensional, broad-side, end-fire arrays. Two-dimensional arrays. Power supply networks. Parasitic arrays. Receiving antennas: reciprocity theorem and effective area, Friis transmission formula. Antenna noise temperature. Array design. Chebyshev method, binomial arrays, polynomial arrays. Power supply networks. Butler matrices. Parasitic arrays. Log-periodic arrays.

Aperture antennas: analysis and design. Radiation from a flat aperture. Fourier transform method. Radiation from rectangular and circular openings. Principle of equivalence. Application of the principle of equivalence to aperture radiation. Horn antennas. Radiation from rectangular and circular waveguides. Geometric optics. Microwave lenses. Paraboloid antennas: efficiency, directivity, cross-polarization. Eddy current method. Low cross-polar feeds. Dual reflector systems. Radiation from fissure. Synthesis of fissure alignments. Planar microstrip antennas. Properties of periodic and electromagnetic band-gap artificial media. Application to antennas.
Diffusion of radiation in complex electromagnetic environment and canonical cases. Scattering of a plane wave from a conducting cylinder, polarization E and H. Dielectric cylinder.

The exercitations are an integral part of the exam program.

A. Paraboni, M. D’Amico, “Radiopropagazione” Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
A. Paraboni, "Antenne", Mc Graw-Hill Libri Italia.
C. Balanis, "Antenna theory, analysis and design", 3rd edition, Wiley,
Robert E. Collin, "Antennas and Radiowave propagation", McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Discrete signals and systems. Operations between sequences. Scale changes. Digital transforms. Filtering. Linear system analysis. Optimum filters. Digital estimators and performance. Prediction. Spectral estimators. Mobile applications of DSP. Speech and video coding. Software defined radio. Smart antennas. Hidden signal detection. Spread spectrum signals and codes.
Laboratory of numerical examples by MatLab platform.
Further details at: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/elaborazione

G. Giunta, "Problemi di base di elaborazione numerica dei segnali" - IV edizione, Roma (Available for free downloading).
Tamal Bose, Francois Meyer, "Digital Signal And Image Processing", December 2003, Wiley Publ.
G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso di DSP (Available for free downloading).
A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Shafer, J.R. Buck, "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, Nj (USA), 1999.
G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso su Rivelazione e comunicazioni sicure (Available for free downloading).

Classical theory of reception. Binary hypothesis testing. Detection of signals in additive Gaussian noise. m-ary hypothesis testing. M-air detection in Gaussian noise. Numerical modulations: intersymbolic interference. ASK modulation: principles and performance. QAM modulation: principles and performance. PSK modulation: principles and performance. Modulations derived from PSK modulation: OQPSK and MSK. Modulation techniques based on spectrum expansion: CDMA and DS-CDMA. OFDM modulation: time and frequency domain representation, modulation architecture. Diversity and signal combination techniques, MIMO systems and cooperating communications. Principles of Channel Coding.

Course notes and slides

Safak, Mehmet. Digital Communications, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017.

Mobile networks with shared access. Networks and services plans, including financial and economic aspects. New generation mobile networks (4G, 5G). Provided services and quality of service. Mobility management, security, secrecy and authentication problems. Localization services, power control of connected devices. Access technologies from wireless devices. Evolution of architecture based on SW network virtualization. Algorithms of array processing to allow dedicated efficient links in modern standards (5G and beyond) between terminals or smart objects connected to the IoT world.
Further details on the site: https://sp4te.uniroma3.it/radiomobile

G. Giunta, Lucidi del corso. (Available for free downloading)

Part I – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and natural materials
Foundations of electromagnetic field theory. Macroscopic response of natural materials. Constitutive relations and material classification. Linearity. Dispersion. Locality. Stationary and homogeneous materials. Causality and Kramers- Kronig relations. Electric response of natural materials. Material polarization. Electronic, atomic/ionic, orientation, interface polarization mechanisms. Lorentz model: derivation and discussion. Drude model: derivation and discussion. Magnetic response of natural materials. Electrodynamic response of a magnetized ferrite.

Part II – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and artificial materials
Artificial electromagnetic materials. Historical perspective. Chiral materials. Microscopic response of matter. Polarizability concept. Electric polarizability of a dielectric sphere. Magnetic polarizability of a metallic loop. Electric polarizability of a metallic strip. Electric polarizability of a metallic loop. Polarizabilities of the metallic omega particle. Magneto-electric effect. Local field and interaction field. From microscopic to macroscopic response. Homogenization techniques. Maxwell-Garnett formula. Clausius-Mossotti formula. Bruggeman formula. Energy density for dispersive materials. Causality and energy conservation: frequency behavior of the constitutive parameters. Anomalous dispersion. Introduction to metamaterials. Historical overview. Metamaterials and their definitions. Original studies by Victor Veselago. Negative index of refraction. Negative-index materials and their first implementation. Metamaterial terminology. Artificial electric materials with negative permittivity. The wire medium. The parallel-plate medium. Noble metals at optical frequencies. Artificial electric materials in the visible. Epsilon-near-zero metamaterials. Natural and artificial magnetism. The split-ring resonator: concept, analysis, and design. Miniaturization of magnetic particles. The Multiple Split-Ring Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. The Spiral Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. The Labyrinth Resonator: concept, analysis, and design. Modelling of metallic particles in the visible. The kinetic inductance of electrons. The fishnet structure. Route towards negative index material in optics. Optical magnetism.

Part III – Interaction between the electromagnetic field and living matter
Introduction to bio-electromagnetism. Historical overview and impact. Electric modeling of living tissues. Interaction mechanism, biological/health effects. Physical quantities to determine the risk. Dosimetry and exposure limits. European and national regulation.

Part IV – Electromagnetic invisibility, imaging and sensing
Conceptually new electromagnetic devices based on the use of metamaterials: invisibility cloaks, superlenses, hyperlenses.
Cloaking. Reduction of object observability. Stealth and RAM technologies. Electromagnetic invisibility concept. Total scattering cross section. Absorption cross section. Optical theorem. Definition of an ideal invisibility cloak. Figure of merit of non-ideal cloaks. Transformation electromagnetics as a route to invisibility. Alternative approaches to cloaking. Main limitations and assessment. Scattering cancellation approach to cloaking. Volumetric cloaks for cylindrical and spherical objects: analysis and design. Cloaking objects with other shapes. Cloaking a cone. Implementation of scattering cancellation based volumetric cloaks at microwave and optical frequencies. Mantle cloaking: concept, modelling, design, and implementation. Cloaking applications: reduction and manipulation of optical forces. Reduction of the Casimir effect.
Imaging and sensing. The optical lens and the diffraction limit. Superlenses: concept, physical aspects, and design. Hyperlenses: concept, physical aspects, and design. Near-field-scanning optical microscope (NSOM). Aperture and apertureless NSOM tips. Advanced imaging with partially cloaked tips. Electromagnetic sensors. Biological sensors.

Notes provided by the lecturer.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and fields of application
Theoretical principles and mathematical foundations of Artificial Intelligence
Main Artificial Intelligence algorithms
Supervised neural networks: the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and synaptic weight matrices
Application of an MLP in Matlab and Python for interpolation and approximation (nonlinear regression).
Setting up an external server for low-level programming
Creating an MLP in C/C++ from scratch
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): Design in Matlab and Python
Building a CNN in C/C++ from scratch
Recursive Neural Networks (RNN): Design in Matlab and Python
Building an RNN in C/C++ from scratch
Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs): Design in Matlab and Python
Building a GAN in C/C++ from scratch
Unsupervised neural networks
Neural networks with reinforcement learning

Dive into deep learning
https://d2l.ai/

Introduction to optimization theory
Non-linear optimization: the problem of local minima
Preparation of data for correct training of the neural system
Supervised training: backpropagation algorithm for calculating the gradient of the error function of an MLP
Creation of the backpropagation algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Gradient Descent training algorithm
Implementation of the Gradient Descent algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Stochastic Gradient Descent training algorithm
Implementation of the Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm
Implementation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in C/C++ from scratch
Training with genetic algorithms and swarm intelligence
Unsupervised training
Reinforcement training

Dive into deep learning
https://d2l.ai/

Elements of information theory: entropy of a source, relative entropy. Joint entropy and conditional entropy. Sufficient statistics. Lossless source coding: Optimal codes. Codeword length limits for optimal codes. Kraft inequality for uniquely decodable codes. Huffman and Shannon-Fano-Elias encoders. Universal source coding. Arithmetic encoders. Lempel-Ziv encoder.
Equivocation, mutual information rate, channel capacity. Capacitance of symmetric binary channels and band-limited channels affected by additive gauan noise.
Shannon's theorem on channel coding. Fano inequality. Separation theorem between source coding and channel coding.
Linear block codes: definition, generating matrix, parity checks, systematic codes Error detection and correction for linear block codes. Syndrome. Dual code of a linear block code. Excellent decoder. Error detection and correction for symmetric binary channels. Standard deployment. Performance. Galois fields: definitions and properties. Cyclic codes. Hamming codes. Reed-Solomon codes.
Convolutional codes: definitions and properties. Maximum likelihood decoding: symmetric binary channels and Gaussian channels Markov series: definitions and properties.
Viterbi algorithm: principle, implementation and performance Viterbi algorithm: performance.
Turbocodes: definitions and operating principle.
Concatenated codes. Systematic recursive convolutional encoders. Interleavers for convolutional codes. Calculation of the posterior probability (AAP) for turbocodes. Operating principle of hybrid ARQ protocols.
Turbo code decoders: decoding algorithm.

Elements of information theory
Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas,
2. ed., 2006
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.