The course is geared towards the role of Security Coordinator during the design and execution phase.
To this end the course addresses the themes, developed with a theoretical and applicative character, relating to the figures and procedures of the building process. It is then possible to find a complete representation of the building process describing the various figures involved (client, designer, builder, etc.) and their nature, the competences each of them must have, the relationships and procedures identified at the regulatory level regulatory and technical standards that are customary. Finally, the various phases that characterize the realization of a public work are presented.
The course is divided into two modules: the first one dedicated to organization and security at construction sites and a second dedicated to safety management during design and construction.
Both modules will focus on the concept of risk analysis and assessment, thus enabling a virtuous path in the acquisition by students of the ability to plan the security project at all stages.
Module A. Construction, organization and security process at site
The module is divided into two parts:
A1. Site construction, use of machinery and safety devices.
With particular reference to the issue of occupational safety, they are studied and exemplified with respect to the construction site concerned, the problems associated with the layout and logistics of the yard, the operation of machinery and production equipment, scaffolding and provisional works, construction sites, toilets, safety signs, personal and collective protection devices. Exercise activities are related to the design of the yard in its evolutionary phases;
A2. Analytical techniques for managing the production process.
The decision-making situations typical of the management of building production are studied, largely referring to the formalization of Operational Research and ISO 9000 standards. In particular work scheduling techniques and optimization techniques for the use of resources.
Module B. Security management during design and construction
The teaching is integrated with that of the previous module and aims to provide knowledge and techniques for designing and managing safety on site. The subjects covered and the strong application connotation make it functional to enable students to achieve one of the requirements required to play the role of security coordinator both in the design phase and in the execution phase of the works.

A. Simonetti, A. Di Muro (2010) Repertorio di piani di sicurezza e coordinamento, Editore EPC libri, Roma.
Testo Unico per la salute e sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro (2013) D.lgs. 9 aprile 2008 n. 81 e s.m.i., aggiornato con il D.lgs. 3 agosto 2009 n. 106, e Decreto-Legge 28 giugno 2013.

The Villard Seminar deals, for its twenty-second edition, with the city of Taranto. The seminar intends to start a reflection on the theme of housing, one of the most urgent issues of the new United Nations Urban Agenda and recently reappeared on the Italian public agenda. The Tarantino ecosystem, distorted by the industrial complex that insists on the city, needs a rethinking that, regenerating the urban space to make it more resilient, recycles the obsolete or abandoned building heritage, redeveloping the urban voids and increasing the population density. The focus is concentrated in those residential areas, born after the war as working-class neighborhoods, which today no longer guarantee adequate and healthy housing conditions, in particular the areas of Tamburi and Paolo VI.

Costi D. (2009) Casa pubblica e città. Esperienze europee, ricerche e sperimentazioni progettuali, Monte Università Parma
De Gaspari M. (2013) Bolle di mattone, MIMESIS Eterotopie
De Pieri F., Bonomo B., Caramellino G., Zanfi F. (2013) Storie di case, Donzelli Editore
Gabellini P. (2018) Le mutazioni dell’urbanistica. Principi, tecniche, competenze, Carocci editore Gagliardo G. (1811) Descrizione topografica di Taranto, Napoli
Guidarini S. (2017) Precisazioni sull’housing sociale in Italia, Maggioli Editore
Healey P. (2010) Making better places. The planning project in the twenty-first century, Macmillan Education UK Laboratorio Città Pubblica (2008) Città pubbliche: linee guida per la riqualificazione urbana, Mondadori Bruno Oswalt P. (2005) Shrinking cities, Hatje Cantz
Paris S., Bianchi R. (2018) Ri-abitare il moderno. Il progetto per il rinnovo dell’housing, Quodlibet Studio
Storto G. (2018) La casa abbandonata. Il racconto delle politiche abitative dal piano decennale ai programmi per le periferie, Officina Edizioni
Viviani S. (2016) Introduction to the supplementary note to the Ideas competition aimed at defining a response plan to recover, redevelop and enhance the old city of Taranto, INU Vulpio C. (2009) La città delle nuvole, Edizioni Ambiente

Talking about urban renewal is an opportunity to learn and enhance the wealth of households, quarters and cities that form the majority of urban contexts in which we live.
An historical centre, in particular, is a territorial context extremely delicate, with a distinct urban identity and a high historical value referable both to the urban structure and to the individual buildings, including those of significant value. Any planning action concerning an historical centre is therefore complex because "it is about, in the first place, to know it and recognize it, so as to understand its characteristics - spatial, documentary, functional - that identify it" (G.Piccinato, 2008).
Understand, in essence, the territorial role.
But also, and above all, it is important to understand the vision that the inhabitants and users have of the historical centre ("who owns the centre?").
The course aims at providing the elements of the discipline, methodology and technique to intervene in those urban areas, historical and not, identified since 1978 by the law 457, which introduced the instrument of the recovery plan. This also and especially in the light of the evolution that the instrument had over the years and the current urban dynamics, ever more interested in the recovery of the existing urban areas.
The course will be divided in the following four parts, strictly related:
1. recovery planning: the scientific background and evolution of the disciplinary debate
In this part the scientific context of urban renewal ("what we talk about?") in the field of the urban planning regulations will be defined and will run the history of the disciplinary debate that, since the Fifties, addressed urban contexts, and later even those degraded both in terms physical and social, will be studied.
2. legislation and planning instruments
This part will analyze the texts of laws affecting the intervention on historical contexts, and in general on the existing building and urban structures, and related planning instruments, from the Recovery Plan (Art. 27 of Law 457 of 1978), up to the integrated programs of the nineties.
3. techniques
The study of the techniques of interventions in historical contexts will make use of the analyses of recovery plans and detailed plans of town centres, checking out the objectives, contents, technical procedures, the procedural issues and, finally, the story of implementation.
4. a practical exercise
Simultaneously with the theoretical disciplinary component, the study of a portion of a historical urban context will be addressed to set up an integrated strategy of recovery and valorization, which will include the Recovery Plan, the Mobility Plan, the Public Works Program, the socio-economic feasibility study, and identify related urban policies and participatory planning mechanisms.

Mario Cerasoli, Gianluca Mattarocci (a cura di), Rigenerazione urbana e mercato immobiliare. RomaTrE-Press, Roma 2018

The aim of this course “History of the city and its territory” is to provide students with carefully selected intellectual tools designed to enhance their ability to analyze and be aware of the complex History of the city.
This course, by initially taking into account the lexical peculiarities of the terms “city” and “territory”, will illustrate the urban and architectonic dynamics which have contributed to enrich these specific definitions with meaning.

To this purpose some important examples will be selected, examples chosen within the Classical and the Contemporary period, and that have determined various urban and architectonic configurations. Particular attention will be devoted to the Italian city and especially to the city of Rome.

Through the cyclical and constant dialectics between the figurative and the urban arts what will be emphasized is the nature and the effects of that inevitable interweaving upon the birth, the evolution and all the ‘tiles’ that have contributed to the creation of the varied ‘mosaic’ which is typical of the city and its territory.

General Bibliography:
- Joseph Rykwert, L’idea di città, Adelphi, Milano 2002
- Paolo Sica, L’immagine della città da Sparta a Las Vegas, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1991
- Cesare de Seta, La città europea. Origini, sviluppo e crisi della civiltà urbana in età moderna e contemporanea, Il Saggiatore, Milano 2010
- Vincenzo Trione, Effetto città. Arte/Cinema/Modernità, Bompiani, Milano 2014
- Lewis Mumford, La città nella storia, Comunità, Milano 1963 (Bompiani, Milano1961)
- Piero Maria Lugli, Storia e cultura della città italiana, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1967
- Aldo Rossi, L’architettura della città, Marsilio editori, Padova 1973 (1966)
- Giovanni Botero, Delle cause della Grandezza delle Città, Cappelli, Bologna 1930 (1588)
- Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, La città antica, Vallecchi, Firenze 1924 (1864)
- Marcel Poëte, La città antica, Einaudi, Torino 1958 (1929)
- Arnaldo Momigliano, La città antica di Fustel de Coulanges, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 1970
- Jérôme Carcopino, La vita quotidiana a Roma all’apogeo dell’Impero, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2005 (1930)
- Mihail Rostovtzeef, Storia economica e sociale dell’Impero romano, La Nuova Italia, Firenze 1953 (1926), or the version M. Rostocev, idem, Sanzoni, Milano 2003
- P.M. Hohenberg, L.H. Lees, La città europea dal Medioevo a oggi, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1987.

General Bibliography cronologically selected:
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 1: la città antica, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 2: la città medievale, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 3: la città moderna, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 4 la città contemporanea, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
-
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Settecento, Bari, Laterza, 1976 (3ª ed. 1981)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. L’Ottocento, vol. I, Bari, Laterza, 1977 (3ª ed. 1985)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. L'Ottocento, vol. II, Bari, Laterza, 1977 (3ª ed. 1985)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Novecento, Bari, Laterza, 1978 (3ª ed. 1985)

- Paolo Morachiello, La città greca, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Paul Zanker, La città romana, Roma Bari, Laterza 2013
- Ennio Concina, La città bizantina, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Alberto Grohmann, La città medievale, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Donatella Calabi, La città del primo Rinascimento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2001
- Claudia Conforti, La città del tardo Rinascimento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2005
- Daniela Del Pesco, Andrew Hopkins, La città del Seicento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2014
- Giovanna Curcio, La città del Settecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008
- Guido Zucconi, La città dell'Ottocento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2001
- Bernardo Secchi, La città del ventesimo secolo, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2005

General Bibliography thematically suggested.
for 'Arcaic Age':
K. Kerény, Origine e fondazione della mitologia, saggio introduttivo a C. G. Jung e K. Kèreny, Prolegomeni allo studio scientifico della mitologia, Boringhieri, Torino 1964
Per la ‘partizione dello spazio sacro’: cfr. E.A. Gutkind, International History of the City … Development)
Mircea Eliade, Il sacro e il profano, Boringhieri, Torino 1967 (1957) [studi per/sulla ‘città antica’]
Mircea Eliade, Il mito dell’eterno ritorno, Borla, Torino 1968 (1949)

for 'Greek City'/'Town':
K. A. Doxiadis, The Greek City Plan, in “Landscape”, vol. 6, autunno 1956
Gustave Glotz, La città greca, Einaudi, Torino 1955 (1923)

from Medieval Age to Contemporary Age, and various items:
Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1975
Enrico Guidoni, La città europea. Formazione e significato dal IV al XI secolo, Electa, Milano 1970.
Enrico Guidoni, La città dal Medioevo al Rinascimento, Electa, Roma 1981.
Joseph Connors, Alleanze e inimicizie. L’ urbanistica di Roma barocca, Roma-Bari, 2005
Enrico Guidoni, Angela Marino, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Seicento, Roma-Bari, 1979
Ludwig Hilberseimer, L’Architettura della Grande Città, Clean ed., Milano 1998
Arturo Soria y Mata, La città lineare, Il Saggiatore, Milano 1968
C.M. Travaglini, Economia e finanza, in "Storia di Roma dall'antichità ad oggi". Vol. IV: Roma moderna, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2002 (pp. 79-115, saggio scaricabile dal sito)
Giovanna Curcio, La città del Settecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008 (capitolo III, pp. 94-142)
- Roma dall’alto, a cura di M.F. Boemi-C.M. Travaglini, Roma, CROMA-Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 2006 (follow the specific sections suggested by teachers on their specific website).

On the 'Medieval City' in particular:
Dupré-Theseider, La città nell’alto Medioevo, Centro di Studi Italiani sull’Alto Medioevo, Spoleto 1959
Henri Pirenne, Le città del Medioevo, Laterza, Bari, 1974 (1927).
Edith Ennen, Storia della città medievale, Laterza, Roma Bari 1975 (1956)
Luigi Piccinto, Urbanistica medievale, Edizioni dedalo, Firenze 1993 (1978)
Pierre Toubert, Les structures du Latium médiéval. Le Latium méridional et la Sabine du IXe à la fin du XIIe siècle, Ecole Française de Rome, Roma 1973.
Enrico Guidoni, Arte e urbanistica in Toscana, 1000-1305, Bulzoni, Roma 1970
Irina Baldescu, Misura e struttura nelle città fondate dell’Europa centrale, in “Studia Patzinaka”, no. 7, 2008, pp. 59-78.
Jacques Heers, La città nel medioevo in Occidente, Jaca Book, Milano 1995 Bibliography:
- Joseph Rykwert, L’idea di città, Adelphi, Milano 2002
- Paolo Sica, L’immagine della città da Sparta a Las Vegas, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1991
- Cesare de Seta, La città europea. Origini, sviluppo e crisi della civiltà urbana in età moderna e contemporanea, Il Saggiatore, Milano 2010
- Vincenzo Trione, Effetto città. Arte/Cinema/Modernità, Bompiani, Milano 2014
- Lewis Mumford, La città nella storia, Comunità, Milano 1963 (Bompiani, Milano1961)
- Piero Maria Lugli, Storia e cultura della città italiana, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1967
- Aldo Rossi, L’architettura della città, Marsilio editori, Padova 1973 (1966)
- Giovanni Botero, Delle cause della Grandezza delle Città, Cappelli, Bologna 1930 (1588)
- Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, La città antica, Vallecchi, Firenze 1924 (1864)
- Marcel Poëte, La città antica, Einaudi, Torino 1958 (1929)
- Arnaldo Momigliano, La città antica di Fustel de Coulanges, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 1970
- Jérôme Carcopino, La vita quotidiana a Roma all’apogeo dell’Impero, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2005 (1930)
- Mihail Rostovtzeef, Storia economica e sociale dell’Impero romano, La Nuova Italia, Firenze 1953 (1926), o l’edizione M. Rostocev, idem, Sanzoni, Milano 2003
- P.M. Hohenberg, L.H. Lees, La città europea dal Medioevo a oggi, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1987.

General Bibliography cronologically selected:
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 1: la città antica, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 2: la città medievale, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 3: la città moderna, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
- Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città. Vol. 4 la città contemporanea, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2006
-
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Settecento, Bari, Laterza, 1976 (3ª ed. 1981)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. L’Ottocento, vol. I, Bari, Laterza, 1977 (3ª ed. 1985)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. L'Ottocento, vol. II, Bari, Laterza, 1977 (3ª ed. 1985)
- Paolo Sica, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il Novecento, Bari, Laterza, 1978 (3ª ed. 1985)

- Paolo Morachiello, La città greca, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Paul Zanker, La città romana, Roma Bari, Laterza 2013
- Ennio Concina, La città bizantina, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Alberto Grohmann, La città medievale, Roma Bari, Laterza 2003
- Donatella Calabi, La città del primo Rinascimento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2001
- Claudia Conforti, La città del tardo Rinascimento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2005
- Daniela Del Pesco, Andrew Hopkins, La città del Seicento, Roma Bari, Laterza 2014
- Giovanna Curcio, La città del Settecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008
- Guido Zucconi, La città dell'Ottocento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2001
- Bernardo Secchi, La città del ventesimo secolo, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2005

General Bibliography thematically suggested.
for 'Arcaic Age':
K. Kerény, Origine e fondazione della mitologia, saggio introduttivo a C. G. Jung e K. Kèreny, Prolegomeni allo studio scientifico della mitologia, Boringhieri, Torino 1964
Per la ‘partizione dello spazio sacro’: cfr. E.A. Gutkind, International History of the City … Development)
Mircea Eliade, Il sacro e il profano, Boringhieri, Torino 1967 (1957) [studi per/sulla ‘città antica’]
Mircea Eliade, Il mito dell’eterno ritorno, Borla, Torino 1968 (1949)

for 'Greek City'/'Town':
K. A. Doxiadis, The Greek City Plan, in “Landscape”, vol. 6, autunno 1956
Gustave Glotz, La città greca, Einaudi, Torino 1955 (1923)

from Medieval Age to Contemporary Age, and various items:
Leonardo Benevolo, Storia della città, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1975
Enrico Guidoni, La città europea. Formazione e significato dal IV al XI secolo, Electa, Milano 1970.
Enrico Guidoni, La città dal Medioevo al Rinascimento, Electa, Roma 1981.
Joseph Connors, Alleanze e inimicizie. L’ urbanistica di Roma barocca, Roma-Bari, 2005
Enrico Guidoni, Angela Marino, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il Seicento, Roma-Bari, 1979
Ludwig Hilberseimer, L’Architettura della Grande Città, Clean ed., Milano 1998
Arturo Soria y Mata, La città lineare, Il Saggiatore, Milano 1968
C.M. Travaglini, Economia e finanza, in "Storia di Roma dall'antichità ad oggi". Vol. IV: Roma moderna, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2002 (pp. 79-115, saggio scaricabile dal sito)
Giovanna Curcio, La città del Settecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008 (capitolo III, pp. 94-142)
- Roma dall’alto, a cura di M.F. Boemi-C.M. Travaglini, Roma, CROMA-Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 2006 (le sezioni indicate dai docenti, scaricabili dal sito).
On the 'Medieval City' in particular:
Dupré-Theseider, La città nell’alto Medioevo, Centro di Studi Italiani sull’Alto Medioevo, Spoleto 1959
Henri Pirenne, Le città del Medioevo, Laterza, Bari, 1974 (1927).
Edith Ennen, Storia della città medievale, Laterza, Roma Bari 1975 (1956)
Luigi Piccinto, Urbanistica medievale, Edizioni dedalo, Firenze 1993 (1978)
Pierre Toubert, Les structures du Latium médiéval. Le Latium méridional et la Sabine du IXe à la fin du XIIe siècle, Ecole Française de Rome, Roma 1973.
Enrico Guidoni, Arte e urbanistica in Toscana, 1000-1305, Bulzoni, Roma 1970
Irina Baldescu, Misura e struttura nelle città fondate dell’Europa centrale, in “Studia Patzinaka”, no. 7, 2008, pp. 59-78.
Jacques Heers, La città nel medioevo in Occidente, Jaca Book, Milano 1995

The Course deals with the study of architectonic barriers and design and technological solutions able to overcome them, in order to guarantee for all the people the accessibility to settings, facilities and furniture.
The town and transport system’s planning, the new and existing building’s design must provide for all that solutions able to allow a free berries spaces, promoting orientation and both settings and hazardous situations recognition, at the same time.
Therefore, confirming the idea that man, in his broadest sense, must be placed at the centre of the project, the concepts of accessibility and availability will be integrated into those ones concerning comfort, safety and multisensory.

Argentin, I.; Clemente, M.; Empler, T. [2004]. Eliminazione barriere architettoniche. Progettare per un’utenza ampliata, DEI, Roma.
Other texts will be indicated by the teacher during the lessons.

The course of History of Architecture and Methods of Analysis aims at critically retracing the composition process - either ideological, methodical or procedural- at the basis of every architecture. Lessons in chronological sequence, from the Italian Quattrocento to the XX century, are dedicated to masterworks or lesser known architectures, discussing the sources required by selected "history making" processes.
This section of the course aims at presenting a series of different historical analysis and interpretations, considered of significant value with respect to the scientific background of the author, to her/his methods of investigations, to research goals, patronage and chronological context. Written sources, such as texts and visual representations, as well as built architectures and urban complexes, are discussed in a critical perspective. A special focus is dedicated to the use of "diagrams" in architectural representations.

Rafael Moneo, La solitudine degli edifici e altri scritti, Allemandi, Torino, 1999 (*).
Joan Ockman (ed.), Architecture, culture: 1943-1968, Rizzoli, New York, 1993.
John Summerson, Il linguaggio classico dell’Architettura, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi, Torino, 1970.
Manfredo Tafuri, Teorie e storia dell’architettura, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1968.

The module of Architectural Design of the Restoration and Enhancement within the course will contribute to the treatment of theoretical topics, to the illustration of tools and methods related to the design and execution processes of the restoration through the presentation of models of behavior, demonstrated through real examples at the scales of the territory, the settlement, architecture and its components.
Within the framework of this path, teaching aims to achieve the following learning outcomes:
1) understanding of the production processes of the restoration and enhancement project.
2) the ability to trace, contextualize, analyze and critically interpret the role of direct historiographical sources (critical and targeted surveys) and indirect (bibliographic, iconographic, cartographic, archival documentary) for the purpose of the project and the implementation of the restoration.
3) the propensity to practice the definition of technical solutions for restoration that are technically effective, economically sustainable, philologically compatible.

Marconi P. Restauro dei monumenti. Cultura, progetti e cantieri 1967-2010. Roma: Gangemi; 2012
Pugliano A. Con il fine di Conservare. Fisionomia professionale e ambiti operativi degli addetti alla conservazione dei beni architettonici e ambientali. In R.P. MILONE E (a cura di), l'Esame di Stato (pp. 308-327). ROMA: Prospettive Edizioni; 2007
Pugliano A. Anatomia degli organismi edilizi tradizionali. In ZEVI L (a cura di), Manuale del Restauro Architettonico (pp. A1-A45). ROMA: Mancosu Editore. 2001
Pugliano A. L'organismo architettonico premoderno. Consuetudini costruttive e compagine materiale dell'edilizia storica di ambiente romano. In Giovanetti F (a cura di), Manuale del recupero del Comune di Roma. Seconda edizione ampliata (pp. 47-121). ROMA: DEI 1997.
De Felice G, Pugliano A. Il lessico costruttivo dell'edilizia storica. In Giuffrè A (a cura di), Sicurezza e conservazione dei centri storici. Il caso di Ortigia (pp. 69-99). Roma Bari: GLF Editori Laterza 1993.

The course, which is based on the results of the SIXXI research project, proposes a reading through the history of Italian structural engineering between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The stories of some works, of many protagonists (the most famous Pier Luigi Nervi and Riccardo Morandi, but also neglected designers like Silvano Zorzi, Sergio Musmeci, Giulio Krall, Gino Covre and many others), of epic yards, will be studied in depth, to grasp the identity of the Italian School of Engineering and its possible future.

By offering the course the results of a research in progress, there are no updated publications on which to study without following the lessons.
However, the 5 volumes of the SIXXI series - History of structural engineering in Italy, edited by T. Iori and S. Poretti, Gangemi publisher, published between 2014 and 2020 are useful for the preparation.
and the monographic number:
T. Iori, S. Poretti (edited by), The Italian School of Engineering, "Rassegna di Architettura e Urbanistica", 148, January-April 2016

The concept of landscape lends itself to multiple views, readings and interpretations. Over the last three decades, "landscape" has increasingly been at the centre of theoretical and design discourse, even within research on the city and architecture. Discipline concerning architectural and urban design, ecology, anthropology, sociology, landscape architecture must be able to interpret, in the design of open space, the stratification and archaeology of places, the practices of living, environmental dynamics and urban policies.
Investigating, understanding and narrating some important experiences in the evolution of the landscape architecture project and analysing the theories and methods that underlie them about the historical, cultural, geographical and social context in which they have developed, will be at the heart of the course programme.
The course will be structured in three thematic areas: the critical analysis of some projects of urban parks and gardens; the presentation of some masters; the reading of some fundamental texts of the theory of landscape architecture within a temporal interval that privileges the 20th and 21st centuries. The course aims to provide students with the theoretical and methodological tools to elaborate their interpretation of the concept of landscape and make it operative within the design experience.

A. Berque (a cura di), Cinq propositions pour une théorie du paysage, Collection Pays/Paysages, Champ-Vallon, 1994.
M. Mosser e G.Teyssot (a cura) L'architettura dei giardini d'Occidente. Dal Rinascimento al Novecento, Electa, Milano, 1990.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005.
A. Roger, Breve trattato sul paesaggio, Sellerio Editore, Palermo, 2009.
C. Raffestin, Dalla nostalgia del territorio al desiderio di paesaggio. Elementi per una teoria del paesaggio, Alinea Editrice, Firenze, 2005.

The course explores the history of architecture in Renaissance Rome and offers an overview of the major research methodology, e.g. the analysis of the material culture, the history of techniques, the study of drawings and maps, the reading of literary sources. The course is based on an interdisciplinary approach, which will emphasise the relations among the history of architecture, history of art, economic history and history of literature. Students will be asked to work on the different scales of the project (single monuments, cities, landscape). The class is organised in monographic lecture, seminars, conferences and visits on site.

- Il Quattrocento, a cura di F.P. Fiore, Milano 1998
- Il primo Cinquecento, a cura di A. Bruschi, Milano 2002
- Il secondo Cinquecento, a cura di C. Conforti, R.J. Tuttle, Milano 2001

INTRODUCTION TO TOPOLOGY AND NON EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES: SPHERIC GEOMETRIC (geodesics, difference with euclidean geometry) .
plus two TOPICS AMONG THE FOLLOWING:
1) INTRODUCTION TO PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: SOLUTION BY SEPARATION OF VARIABLES. EQUATIONS OF HARMONIC OSCILLATOR AND OF VIBRATING STRING. FIELD AND LAB: SOUNDWALKS, PROBLEMS OF REVIEW AND DOCUMENTATION OF SOUND IN PUBLIC SPACES
OR:
2) PARAMETRIC SURFACES, POINTS WITH NEGATIVE, POSITIVE OR ZERO GAUSSIAN CURVATURE. MEAN CURVATURE. INTRODUCTION TO MINIMAL SURFACES.
3) PLATONIC SOLIDS, EULER CHARACTERISTIC. FULLERENES AND GEODETIC DOMES.
4) sound as bodily orientation factor, Soundscape
GROUPS OF PLANE ISOMETRIES, GROUPS OF TRIANGULATION ON THE SPHERE, COXETER TRIANGULATIONS.
4) 2d locally euclidean geometries. groups of isometries of the plane. generators, fundamental domain. distances and geodetics. discussion of problems arising whane applying this theory to actula acrchitecture.

-T. BANCHOFF OLTRE LA TERZA DIMENSIONE ZANICHELLI 1993
-H.S.M. COXETER INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRY, JOHN WILEY&SONS
-COURANT, ROBBINS What is mathematics?
-V. NIKULIN I.R.SHAFAREVICH GEOMETRIES AND GROUPS, SPRINGER VERLAG 1994
-B. RIEMANN SULLE IPOTESI CHE STANNO ALLA BASE DELLA GEOMETRIA BORINGHIERI 1994
-L. RUSSO FLUSSI E RIFLUSSI; INDAGINE SULL’ORIGINE DI UNA TEORIA SCIENTIFICA. FELTRINELLI 2003
-G.GIURIATI L.TEDESCHINI LALLI SPAZI SONORI DELLA MUSICA, L’EPOS 2010
-A.CARLINI L.TEDESCHINI LALLI INTERROGARE LO SPAZIO, GANGEMI 2012

COVID19: bibliography available at www.formulas.itcorsigeometrie e modelli

Plane curves. Equation of a plane. Point-Plane distance. Plane sections. Parametric Curves in R². Arc length and curvature. Examples using Mathematica software: plot, symbolic and numerical commands. Modeling a curve profile of an image. Polar coordinates. Rigid transformations: translations, rotations and reflexions. Rotation and reflexion matrices. Curves defined by their curvature.
Space curves. Parametric Curves in R³. Curvature and torsion. Frenet frame: tangent, normal and binormal vectors. Rigid transformations in R³. Rotation and reflexion matrices. Curves on surfaces. Cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
Surfaces. Parametric surfaces in R³. Jacobian matrix. The gradient. Two variable function plot. Surface intersections. Domes and vaults. Tubes, conic and cylindric surfaces. 
Modeling a surface from an architectural example. Point cloud-Surface distance.

Alfred Gray, E. Abbena, S. Salamon Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Mathematica, Third Edition Chapman & Hall/CRC (2006)
Lecture notes with examples on the use of the software Mathematica are at the link of the course http://www.formulas.it/sito/corsi/matematica-curve-e-superfici-falcolini/

The aim of the course is the exploration and re-appropriation of the city through the arts. It will take place entirely in the urban space using walks, performative actions, installations. The Course teaches us to get lost, to recognize the arts of discovery, of the encounter with the Other. It proposes walking as a research method, with the intent to reactivate in the students and in the inhabitants their innate capacity for creative transformation of the space in which they live, to remind them that they have a body and the desires with which they can modify it.
In the first days of the course there will be an introductory phase on the relationship between arts and cities, between arts and nomadism, on the practices conducted by Francesco Careri together with Stalker in Rome in the last twenty years. Then the peripatetic phase will begin, through long, aimless walks, with the intention of consciously get lost in the city. At this stage there will be some rules to follow: we don’t walk on sidewalks or asphalt; we can never go back; we don’t believes in private property; but above all: who waste time gain space. We will try to stay behind the built city, along the margins and borders, to reconstruct a unitary thread to the fragments of separate cities in which we live. But we will proceed in a cross-eyed way, towards a goal and towards what diverts it from the goal, disposing itself to road accidents, to the possibility of stumbling and of making a mistake. We will try to take the city by surprise, indirectly, sideways, playful, non-functional, to stumble into unexplored territories where new questions arise. Students will be asked to try to look at reality "with their heads under their legs", to overturn their points of view, to produce places through their actions, to transform their own living spaces with material and immaterial interventions, to find new ways to tell them.

a lot of information about the contents and results of courses in recent years can be found in the blog: http://articiviche.blogspot.com/

basic Bibliography:

- FRANCESCO CARERI, WALKSCAPES. EL ANDAR COMO PRÀCTICA ESTÉTICA / WALKING AS AN AESTHETIC PRACTICE, EDITORIAL GUSTAVO GILI, BARCELLONA 2002, TRAD IT. WALKSCAPES. IL CAMMINARE COME PRATICA ESTETICA, EINAUDI, TORINO 2006.
- BRUCE CHATWIN, THE SONGLINES (1987), TRAD. IT. LE VIE DEI CANTI, ADELPHI, MILANO, 1988

See also:
- FRANCESCO CARERI, LORENZO ROMITO, CAMPUS ROM, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, MATERA 2017
- ANNA DETHERIDGE, SCULTORI DELLA SPERANZA. L'ARTE NEL CONTESTO DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE, EINAUDI 2012
- AA.VV., INTERNAZIONALE SITUAZIONISTA 1958-69, NAUTILUS/STAMPATRE, TORINO, 1994
- FRANCESCO CARERI, CONSTANT / NEW BABYLON, UNA CITTÀ NOMADE, TESTO & IMMAGINE, TORINO, 2001
- FRANCO LA CECLA., PERDERSI, L'UOMO SENZA AMBIENTE, LATERZA, BARI, 1988
- PETER LANG, A CURA DI., SUBURBAN DISCIPLINE, PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, NEW YORK, 1997
- ROSALIND KRAUSS, PASSAGES IN MODERN SCULPTURE, MIT PRESS, 1981, TR. IT. PASSAGGI, BRUNO MONDADORI, MILANO, 1998

The Villard Seminar deals, for its twenty-second edition, with the city of Taranto. The seminar intends to start a reflection on the theme of housing, one of the most urgent issues of the new United Nations Urban Agenda and recently reappeared on the Italian public agenda. The Tarantino ecosystem, distorted by the industrial complex that insists on the city, needs a rethinking that, regenerating the urban space to make it more resilient, recycles the obsolete or abandoned building heritage, redeveloping the urban voids and increasing the population density. The focus is concentrated in those residential areas, born after the war as working-class neighborhoods, which today no longer guarantee adequate and healthy housing conditions, in particular the areas of Tamburi and Paolo VI.

Costi D. (2009) Casa pubblica e città. Esperienze europee, ricerche e sperimentazioni progettuali, Monte Università Parma
De Gaspari M. (2013) Bolle di mattone, MIMESIS Eterotopie
De Pieri F., Bonomo B., Caramellino G., Zanfi F. (2013) Storie di case, Donzelli Editore
Gabellini P. (2018) Le mutazioni dell’urbanistica. Principi, tecniche, competenze, Carocci editore Gagliardo G. (1811) Descrizione topografica di Taranto, Napoli
Guidarini S. (2017) Precisazioni sull’housing sociale in Italia, Maggioli Editore
Healey P. (2010) Making better places. The planning project in the twenty-first century, Macmillan Education UK Laboratorio Città Pubblica (2008) Città pubbliche: linee guida per la riqualificazione urbana, Mondadori Bruno Oswalt P. (2005) Shrinking cities, Hatje Cantz
Paris S., Bianchi R. (2018) Ri-abitare il moderno. Il progetto per il rinnovo dell’housing, Quodlibet Studio
Storto G. (2018) La casa abbandonata. Il racconto delle politiche abitative dal piano decennale ai programmi per le periferie, Officina Edizioni
Viviani S. (2016) Introduction to the supplementary note to the Ideas competition aimed at defining a response plan to recover, redevelop and enhance the old city of Taranto, INU Vulpio C. (2009) La città delle nuvole, Edizioni Ambiente

Through a series of lectures, seminars, workshops and case studies, the course endeavours to impart a critical understanding of the economics governing urban development and the real estate market, enabling students to appreciate and assess the contexts within which a city economy operates.
Focusing on case studies will be the teaching core of the course and a rich basis for developing students’ problem solving and decision making skills will be provided.
In order to strengthen participants' analytical skills, the course also provides: a) training in the critical assessment and use of micro- and macro-economic data, b) the analysis of urban economic activity and the application of economic criteria to urban projects. The main learning goals are the following: a) to use simple empirical tools of economic analysis and evaluation, b) to articulate a critical analysis of competing viewpoints and cooperative assessments, and c) to integrate various analytic steps into some simple overall assessments of the relationship between markets and policy that relies on sound principles and is well argued. Mostly regarding the goal sub letter c), students will be expected to actively participate and make presentations.

At the end of each lesson the relative teaching materials will be made available.

The aims of Urban Studies course are to provide students with the essential theoretical framework for a critical understanding of urban issues and to be able to compare these with the more large vision of the urban project. The structure of the course and the issues proposed will allow the student to put his university training experience in dialogue with the themes of architecture and those of urban studies by establishing interconnections to build a more global picture of urban skills.

References and bibliography are given during the course. As an example:
Massimo Cacciari, La città, Pazzini
Leonardo Benevolo, La cattura dell'infinito, Laterza
Giovanni Ferraro, Il libro dei luoghi, Jaka book
Roberto Esposito, Communitas, Einaudi
Michel Foucault, Spazi altri, i luoghi delle eterotopie (a cura di) S. Vaccaro, Mimesis
Francesco Remotti, Contro l'identità, Laterza

• Physical and mechanical properties of wood, defects and grading methods, anisotropy and wood-water relationships, durability, biodegradation and preservation. Inspection and diagnosis on existing buildings.
• Wood and wood products for structural use.
• Structural types. Multi-storey buildings with a timber structure, structural behavior and design criteria. Sustainability and short supply chain. Case studies of building construction.
• Design and verification (ULS and SLS) of structural elements and joints.
• Fire and earthquake resistance. Scientific research on wooden buildings: experimental tests and experiences carried out.
• Timber elements on masonry buildings: consolidation and structural retrofitting.

1. Linee guida per l’edilizia in legno in Toscana – AA.VV. Regione Toscana 2009.
2. Powerpoint slides of lectures
3. Book "Appunti per le Costruzioni in Legno: normativa, progettazione e buone pratiche di cantiere"
4. Desing manuals
5. Reference standards (NTC 2018 and Circolare, Eurocode 5, CNR-DT 206: 2018, scientific paper on the new version of Eurocode 8)

Thinking about heritage is thinking about time, identity, memory and storytelling.
Landscape coincides with these values, it can be considered as the connective tissue: a memories repository of the material and immaterial values.
In order to develop an experience of contemporary landscape and physical heritage we have to conduct a multidisciplinary analysis, both direct and indirect.
Landscape and its history can be investigated through the expressions of tangible and intangible culture, through the study of visible and invisible data.
Indirect and regressive analysis (archival studies, topography, geomorphology, historical and modern maps, iconography, etc.) will be integrated with the investigation on field, with the intention to recognize, distinguish, identify, and measure the place.
The different layers, which have constantly interacted through the historical development, will be identified, studied and described by students in different ways such as mapping, storytelling collection, archival research etc.
Diachronic analysis of the different layers will be essential to identify and distinguish shapes and permanent values compared to the structural changes introduced in the contemporary physical environment
From this analysis we will begin the representation and interpretation of the landscape aiming at critically examining and synthesizing archaeological and urban artefacts, matching them with other memories of human experience in the urban landscape.

L.Benevolo, (1977) Roma oggi, Roma-Bari
R.Funiciello, A.Praturlon, G.Giordano (2008): La geologia di Roma dal centro storico alla periferia. Memorie descrittive della carta geologica d’Italia, Firenze, S.EL.CA.
P.Handke, Canto della Durata, Einaudi Milano, 1995.
I.Insolera, (1965): Roma. Immagini e realtà dal X al XX secolo, Roma-Bari 1965 (Grandi opere. Le città nella storia d’Italia).
R.Lanciani, (1988): Forma Urbis Romae.
S.Muratori, R.Bollati, S.Bollati, G.Marinucci (1963): Studi per una operante storia urbana di Roma, Roma, Centro Studi di Storia Urbanistica, 1963.
L.Quaroni (1975), Immagine di Roma, Laterza
P.O.Rossi, (2009): Roma. Guida all’architettura moderna. 1909-2000, Roma-Bari.
S.Schama,(2004): Landscape and memory, Harper Perennial.

The site chosen for the study is an area defined by the Rome City Master Plan, identified as "Ambito di valorizzazione B10 Porta Portese - Arsenale Pontificio".
The area is bounded by the Tiber embankment, the Sublicio and Testaccio bridges and the Via Portuense.
The project theme is the general redevelopment of this urban area, starting with the settlement of the headquarters of the Quadriennale di Roma in the area of the former “Arsenale Pontificio” according to the redevelopment project ofInsula architettura e ingegneria and thus involving the other areas and buildings included within the perimeter of the redevelopment area.
The area is strongly characterised by these buildings: today, they are often occupied without any title, clogged with dilapidated structures and used for improper activities which are incompatible with the architectural, testimonial and environmental quality of the area.
The project will provide:
- the recovery of valuable buildings and the replacement or demolition of incongruous buildings distributed between Via Portuense and the banks of the Tiber;
- the reorganisation and rationalisation of open-air commercial activities linked to the Porta Portese Sunday market with the aim of giving Via Portuense the role of urban street.

Thematic lectures and interventions by personalities and scholars involved in the transformation process of the area are planned.

The course entitled ‘Theories of Architectural Research’ intends to place itself within the teaching lines and research of the Architecture Department and its educational offer, and in direct connection with the cultural setting and the ideal inspirations of the Research Doctorate “Architecture: Heritage and Innovation”.
Particular attention will be placed on the issues of the built, archaeological and artistic heritage that cannot be conserved, maintained or innovated without a strong theoretical and critical awareness, as can be seen in the tradition of Italian and European architectural culture.
With the Course of ‘Theories of Architectural Research’ we intend to supply architecture students with a contribution in this direction, that is with the knowledge that Theory is a fundamental and autonomous part of the Architectural Discipline, through a set of specifically chosen Theories, individual reflections, books, manuals, constructed and paper projects. The Theory of Architecture is neither a “how to” guide nor a justification that follows the establishment of an architecture, but rather a stand-alone instance of architectural thought.

a lot of information about the contents and results of course can be found in the blog: http://articiviche.blogspot.com/

- Franco la Cecla, Perdersi, l'uomo senza ambiente, Laterza, Bari, 1988
- Francesco Careri, Walkscapes. Camminare come pratica estetica, Einaudi, Torino 2006.
- Emanuele Coccia, La vita delle piante. Metafisica della mescolanza, il Mulino, Bologna 2018
- Camillo Boano, Progetto Minore. Alla ricerca della minorità nel progetto urbanistico ed architettonico, LetteraVentidue, Siracusa 2020

The course includes a series of lessons centered on the topic of collective housing, with particular reference to the experimentations proposed by architectural culture in Rome and Madrid from the beginning of the 20th century to more recent years. The lessons will tend to highlight the forms assumed by collective housing over the different periods and in the research of the protagonists of the architectural scene who have worked in these two cities, with a specific attention to the topic of urban form and the relation between dwelling and city.
The case of Rome assumes an emblematic value in this context. In fact Rome was a particularly fertile field of experimentation during the 20th century, in which the collective housing took on extreme and original forms ranging from the emphasis on domestic and individual scale in the Ina Casa neighborhoods, to monumental scale of the great projects of the Seventies in which the collective dimension prevails. But during the 20th century Rome was also a field of spontaneous practices of "colonization" of urban spaces, through which domestic elements infiltrated the ancient monuments of its huge territory. The ambiguity of the relations between domesticity and the material persistence of monuments, which the city itself has promoted in the course of its history, can be considered one of the specific characters of Roman dwelling, a consequence of practices that can be analyzed and codified as a source of inspiration for contemporary projects.
The long phase of experimentation on collective housing in Rome ended in the Eighties. Although the city continued to grow through the construction of residential units, there were no significant architectural researches (except for sporadic cases).
On the contrary, Madrid has been interested in the last decades by a ohase of rich experimentation on the topic of the collective housing, which has involved the local and international architectural culture in the design of whole urban areas. The practices promoted by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y el Suelo (EMVS) through open competitions and invitations to international architects consolidated the role of the city as a laboratory of experimentation and reflection on the new forms of collective housing. The most well-known, and even the most controversial, outcomes, such as the Mirador building in Sanchinarro or the projects by Tom Mayne (Morphosis), David Chipperfiled, Wiel Arets or Ricardo Legorreta, appeared as elements of comparison and renewal for a research in which important local architects such as Amann, Cánovas and Maruri, Soto and Maroto, Espegel and Fisac, Burgos and Garrido, Blanca Lleó, Ábalos and Herreros, or Frechilla and Peláez, participated with significant contributions.
The Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos of Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid – ETSAM, also stood out for its research on this topic, in particular through the activities of the GIVCO Research Groups (Grupo de Investigación en Vivienda Colectiva) with Carmen Espegel as principal researcher and with the relevant participation of professors such as Andrés Cánovas and José María de Lapuerta, and NuTAC (Nuevas Técnicas Arquitectura Ciudad), with José María Ezquiaga as principal researcher and contributions of works directed by Sergio Martín Blas. The parallel relation between research and practice built by these and other professors in the field of contemporary collective housing makes it possible to identify Madrid, and the Departamento de Proyectos of ETSAM, as a partner of extraordinary interest in promoting student training in the housing project.

M. Farina (a cura di), Studi sulla casa urbana. Sperimentazioni e temi di progetto, Gangemi, Roma 2009
A. Cánovas, C. Epegel, J. M. De Lapuerta, C. Martínez Arroyo, R. Penjeam, Vivienda Colectiva en España. 1992- 2015. TC cuadernos, Valencia, 2017
S. Martín Blas et al. (Editores). Holanda en Madrid: social housing and urban regeneration. Mairea libros, Madrid, 2014

The course of History of Architecture and Methods of Analysis aims at critically retracing the composition process - either ideological, methodical or procedural- at the basis of every architecture. Lessons in chronological sequence, from the Italian Quattrocento to the XX century, are dedicated to masterworks or lesser known architectures, discussing the sources required by selected "history making" processes.
This section of the course aims at presenting a series of different historical analysis and interpretations, considered of significant value with respect to the scientific background of the author, to her/his methods of investigations, to research goals, patronage and chronological context. Written sources, such as texts and visual representations, as well as built architectures and urban complexes, are discussed in a critical perspective. A special focus is dedicated to the use of "diagrams" in architectural representations.

Rafael Moneo, La solitudine degli edifici e altri scritti, Allemandi, Torino, 1999 (*).
Joan Ockman (ed.), Architecture, culture: 1943-1968, Rizzoli, New York, 1993.
John Summerson, Il linguaggio classico dell’Architettura, Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi, Torino, 1970.
Manfredo Tafuri, Teorie e storia dell’architettura, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1968.

The course aims to offer students a methodological path to deal with, with full attention, the restoration as well as the contemporary use of buildings offered of historical-architectural or archaeological value. This will be done through individual or group design exercises carried out on multi-layered buildings dating back to different historical periods (from Roman times, up to buildings of the twentieth century).
In the part of Architectural and Urban Design, special attention will be paid to the deepening of the knowledge of the history of modern and contemporary architecture, in particular in the analysis of compositional, constructive and technical solutions, also innovative, compatible with the conservation of values and meaning of historic buildings; values and meaning that must also be maintained in its effective reintegration into contemporary life and needs. In fact, conservation and transformation (or addition of parts, equipped structure, plants) are not incompatible activities if they are guided by a project that is intended as part of an unfinished historical process but, on the contrary, in continuous evolution.

C. Ceschi, Teoria e Storia del restauro, Bulzoni, Roma 1970.
G. Carbonara, Trattato di restauro architettonico, Utet, Torino 1996.
M. M. Segarra Lagunes, Restauración. Método y proyectos, Editorial técnica Avicam, Granada 2018.
M. M. Segarra Lagunes, Método y práctica de la restauración arquitectónica. Efesto editore, Roma 2018.
F. Cellini, Francesco Cellini, Mondadori Electa, Milano 2011.
L. Puija (a cura di), Trentaquattro domande a Francesco Cellini, Clean 2019.

The Course is divided in two part.
The former consists of 18 lessons (a general one and 17 on the 17 goals of the UN Agenda 2030).
The latter consists of a guided exercise agreed with the Teacher tutor for the Department of Architecture, concerning topics related to architecture, building technologies, urban developmet, cities, smart cities, energy efficiency, NZEB...

Agenda 2030
ASVIS online module, uploaded on MOODLE

The class aims at building awareness on the relationship between object oriented modeling and a tectonic approach to design. Students are exposed to te full range of digital innovation applied to architectural design, from simulation, to numeric fabrication, to operation, through the presentation of several examples of contemporary design, including a historical perspective on its evolution in the past 30 years. But all along the class students will also be constantly using BIM software directly, since the class thinks direct experience on software a crucial aspect of a full and sincere awareness on the real meaning of digital culture.

Stefano Converso, SHoP Architects. Collaborazioni costruttive in digitale,
Collana IT Revolution in Architettura, Edilstampa, Roma, 2008

Maurizio Gargano, Forma e materia. Ratiocinatio e Fabrica nell’architettura dell’età moderna,
Officina edizioni, Roma, 2007

The course will focus on the history of knowledge and practices in garden and open spaces design in Europe from the Renaissance to the 21st century. By mobilizing the analytical methodology of historical science applied to the elaboration of landscaping projects, each lesson will treat a specific period in the evolution of the shape of designed gardens and urban open spaces using diverse and varied source typologies (archival documents, historical maps and iconography, design projects, treatises on the art of the garden, odeporic literature, descriptions, novels etc.). As an integral part of this chronological itinerary, analysis will initially be oriented to the study of the cultural, political and social context in which the gardens serve simultaneously as both testament and representation.
Thereafter specific aspects of the elaboration of projects and the compositional rules will be examined in greater depth: how topography is treated, structural design as a whole, the layout of routes and pathways and the organization of circulation, water management, water distribution techniques (hydraulic networks, water scenography and water games, water level management etc.); the choice of vegetal cover (‘couverts et découverts’) paying particular attention to the evolution of botanical sciences and ecological processes. Such analysis will be conducted by examining the case studies chosen as most representative and preferably, whenever possible, Italian sites so as to be able to integrate practical exercises (first hand observation, descriptions, fieldwork and analysis in situ etc.) to establish a constant dialogue between compositional principles of the gardens of the past and the contemporary design project. In that way the course will focus on the historical evolution of the profession of landscape architect in different countries in Europe as much as from the perspective of a progressive definition of both the main theoretical and practical tools as in relation to other professions specialising in design on all spatial scales (painters, architects, urban planners, engineers and so on).

AUDOUY Michel, SANTINI Chiara (a cura di), Paysages. L’héritage de Le Nôtre, Actes Sud/ENSP, Arles/Versailles, 2021.

ALLAIN Yves-Marie, CHRISTIANY Janine, L’art des jardins en Europe. De l’évolution des idées et de savoir-faire, Citadelles & Mazenod, Paris, 2006.
AZZI VISENTINI Margherita (a cura di), L'arte dei giardini. Scritti teorici e pratici dal XIV al XIX secolo, 2 vol., Il Polifilo, Milano, 2000.
BARIDON Michel, Les jardins : paysagistes, jardiniers, poètes, R. Laffont, Paris, 1998.
CAMPITELLI Alberta, Ville e giardini d'Italia. Percorsi nel tempo e nei luoghi tra natura e artificio, Jaca Book, Milano, 2019.
CAZZATO Vincenzo, Atlante del giardino italiano, 1750-1940, 2 vol., Istituto poligrafico dello Stato, Roma, 2009.
CONAN Michel, Dictionnaire historique de l’art des jardins, Hazan, Paris, 2000.
GIUSTI Maria Adriana, Restauro dei giardini. Teorie e storia, Firenze, Alinea, 2004.
JAKOB Michael (dir.), Des Jardins et des livres, Méris Presses-Fondation Bodmer, 2018.
LE DANTEC J. P., Le Sauvage et le régulier. Art des jardins et paysagisme en France au XXème siècle, Le Moniteur, Paris, 2019 (nouvelle éd.).
LE DANTEC J. P., Poétique des jardins, ENSP-Actes Sud, Versailles-Arles, 2011.
MOSSER Monique, TEYSSOT Georges (a cura di), L'architettura dei giardini d'Occidente : dal Rinascimento al Novecento, Electa, Milano, 1999.
PANZINI Franco, Progettare la natura : architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005.
SANTINI Chiara, Adolphe Alphand et la construction du paysage de Paris, Hermann Éditeurs, Paris, 2021
SANTINI Chiara, Il giardino di Versailles. Natura, artificio, modello, Olschki, Firenze, 2007.
TOSCO Carlo, Storia dei giardini : dalla Bibbia al giardino all'italiana, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2018.
VERCELLONI Marcello, VERCELLONI Virgilio, L'invenzione del giardino occidentale, Jaca Book, Milano, 2009.