ATOMIC NATURE OF MATTER AND QUANTIZED ATOM (8 H).
CHEMICAL BOND AND STRUCTURES OF SIMPLE MOLECULES (8 H)
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GAS, SOLID, AND LIQUID PHASES (10 H)
TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (6 H)
ASPECTS OF THERMODINAMICS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY (6 H)
KINETIC CHEMISTRY (2 H)
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (6 H)
EQUILIBRIUM IN ACQUEOUS SOLUTIONS (8)
HYDROCARBONS AND ORGANIC MOLECULES (2 H)
NUMERICAL EXERCISES AND PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (24 H)

ANY GENERAL CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOK AND STOICHIOMETRY TEXTBOOK AT UNIVERSITY-LEVEL, TEACHING MATERIALS PREPARED BY THE TEACHER AND AVAILABLE ON THE DEPARTMENT SITE

MASTERTON-HURLEY “CHIMICA. PRINCIPI E REAZIONI”, PICCI
Atkins-Jones: Principi di Chimica, Zanichelli
SCHIAVELLO-PALMISANO “FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA”, EdiSES

LAUSAROT-VAGLIO “STECHIOMETRIA PER LA CHIMICA GENERALE”, PICCIN
Franco Ugozzoli: “Come risolvere i problemi di chimica” CEA
A. Del ZOTTO: "Esercizi di chimica generale" EdiSES

1. Measurement units, physical quantities and vectors
2. Newton's laws of motion
3. Work and energy
4. Linear momentum
5. Rotational motion
6. Fluid mechanics
7. Periodical motions
8. Waves
9. Thermal properties of matter
10. Laws of thermodynamics

Young and Friedman, Principi di Fisica, vol.1

Functions of two and three variables.
Regions in the plane and in the space. Set of definition, limits, continuity. Partial derivative. Differenziability.
Study of maximum and minimum of a function of 2 and 3 variables.
Integration.
Lenght of a curve. Curvilinear intgrals. Differential forms in 2 or 3 variables: closure.
Definition of integrals in the plane and in the space. Reduction formulas for normal sets. Change of variables: polar and
spherical coordinates. Cylindrical coordinates. Area of a surface. Integral on a surface.
Differential equations. Cauchy problem. Existence and unicity. Separetion of variables. First order linear equations. Second orderl linear equations.

N.S. Piskunov Calcolo differenziale e integrale Vol. I e Vol.II Editori riuniti

Introduction to Geomorphology; Weathering; soils; introduction to air-photo analysis; geomorphological cartography; slope processes, landforms and deposits; river processes, landforms and deposits; glacial processes, landforms and deposits; periglacial processes, landforms and deposits; karst processes, landforms and deposits; aeolian processes, landforms and deposits; tectonic geomorphology; volcanic geomorphology; planation landforms and landscape evolution models. The lab activity includes the interpretation of air photos relative to central Italy.

DRAMIS & OLLIER, Genesi ed evoluzione del rilievo terrestre. PITAGORA EDITRICE BOLOGNA

MCKNIGHT & HESS, Geofrafia Fisica. PICCIN, PADOVA

CICCACCI, LE FORME DEL RILIEVO, Atlante illustrato di Geomorfologia. MONDADORI UNIVERSITA’

SPAGNA, Aerogeologia. PITAGORA EDITRICE, BOLOGNA.

ANGELELLI, ARCOZZI, MANDOLESI, PRETI, Guida alla fotointerpretazione e restituzione tematica. PITAGORA EDITRICE, BOLOGNA.

GOMARASCA, Elementi di Geomatica. A.I.T., ROMA.

General Palaeontology:
Brief history of Palaeontology (2h).
Taphonomy (2h).
Systematics: classification, the species concept, different taxonomic approaches (2h).
Palaeoecology: marine palaeoecology. Elements of continental palaeoecology. Palaeoichnology (4h).
Biostratigraphy: biozones. Biostratigraphic correlations (4h).
Evolution: fossils and evolution. Lamark’s and Neo-lamarckist’s evoluton theory. Darwin’s evolution theory. Microevolution. Synthetic and Punctuated Equilibria theories. Macroevolution. Extinction. Adaptive radiation (2h).
Palaeobiogeography: historical biogeography: dispersion and vicariance. Ecological biogeography. Plate tectonics and palaeobiogeography (4h).
Supplementary discussion about selected topics (2h)

Systematic Palaeontology:
Prokaryote and eukaryote cells. The Kingdoms (1h).
Kingdom Protista - Foraminifera: morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology. Detailed study on Orbitolinidae, Fusulinidae, Alveolinidae, Nummulitidae, orbitoids, and Globigerinini (6h). Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Radiolaria, Tintinnida, Calcareous Nannofossils and Calcareous Algae (1h).
Kingdom Animalia – Porifera: morphology, taxonomy, and palaeoecology (1h).
Cnidaria: morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology (1h).
Mollusca: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Bivalvia (including detailed study of Superfamily Hippuritoidea), Gastropoda and Cephalopoda (6h).
Arthropoda: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Trilobita and Ostracoda (2h).
Echinodermata: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Echinoidea and Crinoidea (2h).
Lophophorata: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Bryozoa. Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Brachiopoda. (2h).
Stratigraphic Palaeontology: the Cambrian and Phanerozoic fauna; (2h).

Laboratory of Palaeontology:
Practical training on micro- and macrofossil morphology (18h).
Microbiofacies analysis of the Neotethyan basinal sedimentary successions during Meso-Cenozoic (example: the Umbro-Marchean succession) (9h).
Microbiofacies analysis of the Neotethyan carbonate platform sedimentary successions during Meso-Ceonozoic (example: the Latium-Abruzzi succession) (9h).

TEXTBOOKS
Raffi S. & Serpagli E., 1993 - Introduzione Alla Paleontologia. U.T.E.T.;
Benton M.J. & Harper D.A.T., 2009 - Introduction to Paleobiology and the fossil record, Wiley-Blackwell.

Systematic Paleontology:
Teacher handouts relating to the lessons
Allasinaz A., 1999 - Invertebrati fossili. U.T.E.T.

Paleontological Laboratory:
Teacher handouts relating to the lessons.

FURTHER REFERENCES
General Paleontology:
Dennett D.C., 1997 – L’idea pericolosa di Darwin. Bollati Boringhieri;
Eldredge N., 1999 - Ripensare Darwin. Einaudi;
Briggs D.E. & Crowther P.R. (Eds.), 2001 - Palaeobiology II. A Synthesis. Blackwell Science;
Eldredge N., 2002 - Le trame dell’evoluzione. Raffaello Cortina Editore;
Gould S.J., 2003 - La struttura della Teoria Evolutiva. Codice Edizioni;
Ridley M., 2004 - Evolution, 4th Ed. Blackwell Science.
Dawkins R., 2006 - Il racconto dell’antenato. Mondadori;
Chaline J., 2006 - Quoi de neuf depuis Darwin? Etude;
Prothero D.R., 2007 - Evolution. What the Fossils say and why it matters. Columbia University Press.

Systematic Paleontology:
Clarkson E.N.K., 1998 - Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. Blackwell Science;
Doyle P., 1996 - Understanding Fossils. An Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology. Wiley & Sons;
Fortey R., 1999 - Età, quattro miliardi di anni. Longanesi;
Benton M.J. & Harper D.A.T., 2009 - Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record, Wiley-Blackwell.

Paleontological Laboratory:
Premoli Silva I., Rettori R. & Verga D., 2003 - Practical Manual of Paleocene and Eocene Planktonic Foraminifera. International School on Planktonic Foraminifera, 2° Course: Paleocene and Eocene. Tipografia Pontefelcino, Perugia;
Premoli Silva I. & Verga D., 2004 - Practical Manual of Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera. International School on Planktonic Foraminifera, 3° Course: Cretaceous. Tipografia Pontefelcino, Perugia;
Iaccarino, S.M., Premoli Silva I., Biolzi M., Foresi M, Lirer F. & Petrizzo M.R., 2005 – Practical Manual of Oligocene to Middle Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Tipografia Pontefelcino, Perugia;
Iaccarino, S.M., Premoli S.I., Biolz, M., Foresi, L.M., Lirer, F., Urco, E., And Petrizzo, M.R., 2007, Practical Manual of Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera. VI Course: Neogene. Tipografia Pontefelcino, Perugia;
Cestari R. & Sartorio D. (Eds.), 1995 - Rudists and Facies of the Periadriatic Domain. AGIP S.P.A.;
AGIP, 1988 - Southern Tethys Biofacies. AGIP S.P.A.

General Palaeontology:
Brief history of Palaeontology (2h).
Taphonomy (2h).
Systematics: classification. the species concept. Different taxonomy schools (2h).
Palaeoecology: marine palaeoecology. Elements of continental palaeoecology. Palaeoichnology (4h).
Biostratigraphy: biozones. Biostratigraphic correlations (4h).
Evolution: fossils and evolution. Lamark’s and Neo-lamarckist’s evoluton theory. Darwin’s evolution theory. Microevolution. Synthetic and Punctuated Equilibria theories. Macroevolution. Extinction. Adaptive radiation (4h).
Palaeobiogeography: the historical biogeography: dispersion and vicariance. The ecological biogeography. Plate tectonics and palaeobiogeography (4h).
Case studies (2h)

Systematic Palaeontology:
Prokaryote and eukaryote cells. The Kingdoms (1h).
Kingdom Protista - Foraminifera: morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology. Detailed study on Orbitolinidae, Fusulinidae, Alveolinidae, Nummulitidae, orbitoids, and Globigerinini (6h). Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Radiolaria, Tintinnida, Calcareous Nannofossils and Calcareous Algae (1h).
Kingdom Animalia – Porifera: morphology, taxonomy, and palaeoecology (1h).
Cnidaria: morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology (1h).
Mollusca: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Bivalvia (including detailed study of Superfamily Hippuritoidea), Gastropoda and Cephalopoda (6h).
Arthropoda: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Trilobita and Ostracoda (2h).
Echinodermata: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Echinoidea and Crinoidea (2h).
Lophophorata: general morphology and taxonomy. Morphology and palaeoecology of Bryozoa. Morphology, taxonomy, stratigraphic distribution and palaeoecology of Brachiopoda. (2h).
Stratigraphic Palaeontology: the Cambrian and Phanerozoic fauna; (2h).

Laboratory of Palaeontology:
Practical training on micro- and macrofossil morphology (18h).
Microbiofacies analysis of the Neotethyan basinal sedimentary successions during Meso-Cenozoic (example: the Umbro-Marchean succession) (9h).
Microbiofacies analysis of the Neotethyan carbonate platform sedimentary successions during Meso-Ceonozoic (example: the Latium-Abruzzi succession) (9h).

General Paleontology:
Raffi S. & Serpagli E., 1993 - Introduzione Alla Paleontologia. U.T.E.T.;
Benton M.J. & Harper D.A.T., 2009 - Introduction to Paleobiology and the fossil record, Wiley-Blackwell.

Systematic Paleontology:
Teacher handouts relating to the lessons
Allasinaz A., 1999 - Invertebrati fossili. U.T.E.T.

Paleontological Laboratory:
Teacher handouts relating to the lessons.

Criteria for recognition of eruptive, magmatic and metamorphic rocks and relative textures in the field. Recognition of primary and secondary (tectonic) foliation in metamorphic rocks. Recognition and cartographic representation of faults, bedding and lithological contacts.

Lecture notes provided by the teacher

First part: igneous petrology
classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks. igneous structures and field relationship.
diversification of magmas. magmatism and plate tectonic.

Second part: metamorphic petrology
The types of metamorphism. classification of metamorphic rocks. structures and textures of metamorphic rocks

MATERIALS FURNISHED BY THE PROFESSOR.

Study of marine terraces (Tarquinia and Montalto di Castro area, northern Latium) and their tectonic meaning by field survey, air-photo interpretation and palaeontologic analysis.

hand-outs provided by the professor

The first part of the Muldisciplinary field activity (Paleontology) consists of one day on the field and two ays of laboratorial activity. The field activity is carried out in the Tarquinia and Montalto Di Castro areas (northern Latium) the laboratorial activity is developed in the Roma Tre Guest House at Allumiere, provided with steromicroscopess. During the first day, students learn how to draw a stratigraphic log of two sedimentary successions, characterised by different thiknesses and lithologies, measuring the bedding and making microscopical observations on the rock texture, mineralogical and paleontological composition (with the 10x lens). Students collect two samples that will be studied in the following days.
During the two following days in the Guest House, students make the micropaleontological analysis of the collected samples, counting benthic and planktonic foraminifers and picking the stracod valves for their specific identification and the calculation of the percentage frequencies.
At the end of the analyses, students, guided by teachers, discuss the results providing the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the examined sedimentary successions in the frame of the landscape evolution. Finally, students are required to write a report which includes two topographic profiles, one geomolphological map of terraces, the calculations to obtain the palaeo-bathymetry of the examined deposits and the Plio-Pleistocene uplift rates of the studied Tyrrenian coastal sector.

Atlas of Ostracods (Teacher handhouts)

Course programme – 1st semester
Introduction. Definition of crystal and mineral. Mineralogy in earth science. Minerals as economic resource. History of mineralogy.
Crystal morphology. Symmetry and symmetry operations. The 32 points groups. Crystallographic axes. The 32 classes and seven systems of crystals. Axial ratios, weiss parameters, miller indices of crystal faces. Crystal forms and crystal habit. Twinning. Stereographic projection of crystal faces and forms.
Crystal structures. Translational symmetry: rows, plane and three-dimensional lattices. The 14 bravais lattices. Symmetry operations with translation: screw axes and glide planes. The 230 space groups.
Crystal chemistry. Atoms and ions: structure, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, atomic and ionic radii. Chemical bonds and bonding. Packing, coordination, charge balance. Pauling's rules.
Energetics and mineral stability. Basic thermodynamic concepts. Crystallization and crystal growth. Solid solutions. Phase transitions and phase diagrams. Polymorphism. Twinning and crystal defects.
Chemical composition of minerals. Calculation of mineral formulas from chemical analyses. Graphical representation and interpretation of data.
Physical properties of minerals. Mechanical (hardness, cleavage, tenacity etc.), electrical, magnetic properties. Specific gravity. Color and optical effects (asterism, chatoyancy, play of colors, etc.).
Systematic mineralogy. Mineral classification. Systematic of non-silicate minerals. Systematic of silicate minerals.
Practical. Crystal morphology. Stereographic projections. Identification of minerals in hand specimen.

Course programme – 2nd semester.
Optical properties. Nature of light as an electromagnetic wave: wave nomenclature, wave front, wave normal, phase and interference. Polarizing microscope. Reflection, refraction, dispersion and polarization. Refractive indices and snell's law. Birefringence. Uniaxial and biaxial indicatrix. Optical properties of minerals using polarized light: color, form and habit, cleavage, pleochroism, refractive index, relief, becke line. Optical properties of minerals using crossed polars: interference colors, extinction, and elongation sign. Optical properties of minerals using convergent polarized light: uniaxial and biaxial interference figures (optic sign, 2v and birefringence). Optical properties of the most common rock forming minerals.
Laboratory. Introduction to the petrographic microscope. Relief and becke line test. Color and pleochroism. Interference colors and birefringence estimation. Interference figures of uniaxial and biaxial minerals. Optical properties and identification of the principal rock forming minerals.

KLEIN C. (2004). MINERALOGIA. ZANICHELLI.
DEER W.A., HOWIE R.A. & ZUSSMAN J. (1994). INTRODUZIONE AI MINERALI CHE COSTITUISCONO LE ROCCE. ZANICHELLI.
MOTTANA A. (1989). FONDAMENTI DI MINERALOGIA GEOLOGICA. ZANICHELLI.

AND ALSO:
DYAR M.D. E GUNTER M. (2008). MINERALOGY AND OPTICAL MINERALOGY. MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.
PUTNIS A. (1992). INTRODUCTION TO MINERAL SCIENCES. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
BLOSS F.D. (1999). OPTICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

Various material provided by the teacher according to the themes developed during the course.

PARTE I :
COSMOCHIMICA (2H). PROCESSI DI NUCLEOSINTESI E STABILITÀ DEGLI ELEMENTI (2H). ABBONDANZA DEGLI ELEMENTI NELLA TERRA E LORO DISTRIBUZIONE NELLE SFERE GEOCHIMICHE (4H). LA CLASSIFICAZIONE GEOCHIMICA DEGLI ELEMENTI: MAGGIORI, MINORI, IN TRACCE (4H). COMPORTAMENTO DEGLI ELEMENTI NEL CORSO DEI PROCESSI MAGMATICI: COEFFICIENTE DI RIPARTIZIONE, ELEMENTI COMPATIBILI E INCOMPATIBILI (4H). MODELLAZIONE GEOCHIMICA DEI PROCESSI DI FUSIONE PARZIALE E CRISTALLIZZAZIONE FRAZIONATA (4H). INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOCRONOLOGIA RADIOMETRICA (4H): ACCUMULATION CLOCK, DECAY CLOCK, DISEQUILIBRIUM. METODI CRONOLOGICI DEL K/AR, C-14 E RB/SR. INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOCHIMICA DEGLI ISOTOPI STABILI (2H).
PARTE II:
COMPORTAMENTO DEGLI ELEMENTI DURANTE I PROCESSI SUPERGENICI. PROCESSI DI WEATHERING E RUOLO DELL’ACQUA (4H). FATTORI CHE CONTROLLANO IL COMPORTAMENTO GEOCHIMICO DEGLI ELEMENTI DURANTE IL TRASPORTO E LA SEDIMENTAZIONE: POTENZIALE IONICO, PH, EH (4H). PROCESSI DI ASSORBIMENTO (2H). GEOCHIMICA DELL’IDROSFERA: ACQUE CONTINENTALI (SUPERFICIALI E SOTTERRANEE) (6H). INTERAZIONE ACQUA/ROCCIA. ACQUE MINERALI E LORO UTILIZZAZIONE DA PARTE DELL’UOMO (4H). CENNI DI RADIOATTIVITÀ AMBIENTALE, CON PARTICOLARE RIFERIMENTO AL PROBLEMA RADON. MISURA DELLA RADIOATTIVITÀ NATURALE ATTRAVERSO LA SPETTROMETRIA GAMMA (4H).

W.M. WHITE (2005) - GEOCHEMISTRY, available online at the following address: http://www.imwa.info/geochemistry

PARTE I :
COSMOCHIMICA (2H). PROCESSI DI NUCLEOSINTESI E STABILITÀ DEGLI ELEMENTI (2H). ABBONDANZA DEGLI ELEMENTI NELLA TERRA E LORO DISTRIBUZIONE NELLE SFERE GEOCHIMICHE (4H). LA CLASSIFICAZIONE GEOCHIMICA DEGLI ELEMENTI: MAGGIORI, MINORI, IN TRACCE (4H). COMPORTAMENTO DEGLI ELEMENTI NEL CORSO DEI PROCESSI MAGMATICI: COEFFICIENTE DI RIPARTIZIONE, ELEMENTI COMPATIBILI E INCOMPATIBILI (4H). MODELLAZIONE GEOCHIMICA DEI PROCESSI DI FUSIONE PARZIALE E CRISTALLIZZAZIONE FRAZIONATA (4H). INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOCRONOLOGIA RADIOMETRICA (4H): ACCUMULATION CLOCK, DECAY CLOCK, DISEQUILIBRIUM. METODI CRONOLOGICI DEL K/AR, C-14 E RB/SR. INTRODUZIONE ALLA GEOCHIMICA DEGLI ISOTOPI STABILI (2H).
PARTE II :
COMPORTAMENTO DEGLI ELEMENTI DURANTE I PROCESSI SUPERGENICI. PROCESSI DI WEATHERING E RUOLO DELL’ACQUA (4H). FATTORI CHE CONTROLLANO IL COMPORTAMENTO GEOCHIMICO DEGLI ELEMENTI DURANTE IL TRASPORTO E LA SEDIMENTAZIONE: POTENZIALE IONICO, PH, EH (4H). PROCESSI DI ASSORBIMENTO (2H). GEOCHIMICA DELL’IDROSFERA: ACQUE CONTINENTALI (SUPERFICIALI E SOTTERRANEE) (6H). INTERAZIONE ACQUA/ROCCIA. ACQUE MINERALI E LORO UTILIZZAZIONE DA PARTE DELL’UOMO (4H). CENNI DI RADIOATTIVITÀ AMBIENTALE, CON PARTICOLARE RIFERIMENTO AL PROBLEMA RADON. MISURA DELLA RADIOATTIVITÀ NATURALE ATTRAVERSO LA SPETTROMETRIA GAMMA (4H).

- GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. WHITE (2013) WILEY

The course program includes the presentation and discussion of the following topics:
INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS AND ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ELEMENTS OF SOIL MECHANICS: PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, ATTEMBERG LIMITS, CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS, EFFECTIVE STRESS, CONSOLIDATION; ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND SOILS; HYDROGEOLOGY: DARCY’S LAW, HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ROCKS AND SOILS, TYPES OF SPRING, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUNDWATER, HYDROGEOLOGICAL BUDGET, COLLCETION OF GROUNDWATER, WELLS AND SPRINGS; GEOGNOSTIC SURVEY: PLANNING, EXECUTING AND MANAGEMENT OF A GEOGNOSTIC SURVEY, MECHANICAL TESTS IN SITU, ROCK AND SOIL SAMPLING, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, TYPES OF FOUNDATION, LEGAL AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS; GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY; GEOTHEMATIC MAPS; GEOLOGICAL REPORT

- GONZÀLES DE VALLEJO L.I., GEOINGEGNERIA, PEARSON EDUCATION ITALIA (MI);
- CASADIO M. & ELMI C., IL MANUALE DEL GEOLOGO, EDITRICE PITAGORA (BO);
- CESTARI F., PROVE GEOTECNICHE IN SITU, EDIZIONI GEO-GRAPH (SEGRATE-MI);
- SCESI L.,PAPINI M. & GATTINONI P., PRINCIPI DI GEOLOGIA APPLICATA, CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA (MI);
- CERBINI G., IL MANUALE DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE, EDITRICE GEO-GRAPH (SEGRATE-MI);
- VALLARIO A., FRANE E TERRITORIO, LIGUORI EDITORE (NA);
- MASSIMO CIVITA, IDROGEOLOGIA APPLICATA E AMBIENTALE, CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA (MI).

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
THE EARTH’S INTERIOR.CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF IGNEOUS ROCKS. IGNEOUS STRUCTURES AND FIELD RELATIONSHIP. AN INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS. TWO COMPONENT SYSTEMS. BINARY EUTECTIC SYSTEMS. BINARY PERITECTIC SYSTEMS. BINARY SYSTEMS WITH COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION. THREE-COMPONENT (TERNARY) SYSTEMS. REACTIONS SERIES. CHEMICAL PETROLOGY: MAJOR AND MINOR ELEMENTS. TRACE ELEMENTS AND ISOTOPES.GENERATION OF BASALTIC MAGMAS. DIVERSIFICATION OF MAGMAS. MAGMATISM ADN PLATE TECTONIC. MID-OCEAN RIDGE VOLCANISM. OCEANIC INTRAPLATE VOLCANISM. SUBDUCTION-RELATED IGNEOUS ACTIVITY. PLUTONIC BELTS OF CONTINENTAL ARCS. GRANITOID ROCKS.

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
METAMORPHIC AGENTS AND CHANGES. THE TYPES OF METAMORPHISM. CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS. STRUCTURES AND TEXTURES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS. ISOGRADS, METAMORPHIC FACIES, AND PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION. ASSEMBLAGE, REACTIONS AND EQUILIBRIUM. CONTROL OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS. METAMORPHISM OF MAFIC AND ULTRAMAFIC IGNEOUS ROCKS. METAMORPHISM OF ALUMINOUS CLASTIC ROCKS. METAMORPHISM OF CALCAREOUS ROCKS.

1)AN INTRODUCTION TO IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY. JOHN D. WINTER.PRENTICE HALL NEW JERSEY.
2)MAGMATISMO E METAMORFISMO. D’AMICO C., INNOCENTI, F., SASSI F.P. UTET.
3) PETROGRAFIA MICROSCOPICA. ZEZZA U. LA GOLIARDICA PAVESE
4)MATERIAL FURNISHED BY THE PROFESSOR

First part: igneous petrology. the earth’s interior.classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks. igneous structures and field relationship. an introduction to thermodynamics. two component systems. binary eutectic systems. binary peritectic systems. binary systems with complete solid solution. three-component (ternary) systems. reactions series. chemical petrology: major and minor elements. trace elements and isotopes.generation of basaltic magmas. diversification of magmas. magmatism adn plate tectonic. mid-ocean ridge volcanism. oceanic intraplate volcanism. subduction-related igneous activity. plutonic belts of continental arcs. granitoid rocks.
Second part: metamorphic petrology. Metamorphic agents and changes. the types of metamorphism. classification of metamorphic rocks. structures and textures of metamorphic rocks. isograds, metamorphic facies, and pressure-temperature evolution. assemblage, reactions and equilibrium. control of metamorphic reactions. metamorphism of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. metamorphism of aluminous clastic rocks. metamorphism of calcareous rocks.
Third part: practical teaching in the mineralogy and petrology laboratory. The teaching consists in the study and recognition in thin section of the most common igneous and metamorphic rocks.

First (igneous petrology) and second part (metamorphic petrology):
- An Introduction To Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology. John D. Winter.Prentice Hall New Jersey.
- Magmatismo E Metamorfismo. D’amico C., Innocenti, F., Sassi F.P. Utet.

Third part (practical teaching):
- Petrografia Microscopica. Zezza U. La Goliardica Pavese

THIS COURSE ADDRESSES SOME BASIC NOTIONS (FACIES, ROCK FORMING PROCESSES, TECTONIC PROCESSES, WEATHERING, ETC.) TOGETHER WITH SOME TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING DATA FROM THE FIELD AND REPRESENTING THEM ON A MAP. THIS COURSE ADDRESSES SOME MAIN POINTS: 1) AIMS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (COGNITIVE AND APPLIED); 2) USE OF DIFFERENT MAP SCALES; 3) METHODS FOR DOING THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC, BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC, CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC, AND MIXED CRITERIA). AIDS FOR THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY: BE ABLE FOR READING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND INTERPRETING AERO PHOTOS, MEASUREMENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURFACES, PRINCIPLES OF STRATIMETRY (BEDDING, REAL AND APPARENT THICKNESS, INTERSECTION LINE BETWEEN DIFFERENT SURFACES), MACROSCOPIC OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN ROCK TYPES. GEOMETRIES OF UNDEFORMED AND DEFORMED ROCKS. BASIC UNITS FOR THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY: FROM FORMATION TO UBSU.
INTRODUCTION TO THE LAB AND FIELD ACTIVITIES: THE MAIN FIELD OPERATIONS AND DATA PROCESSING.
THE FIELD ACTIVITIES WILL BE DONE IN FIELD TRIPS LEADED IN DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL AREAS FOR WORKING ON KEY AREAS OF THE CENTRAL APENNINES. EACH FIELD TRIP WILL BE PREPARED IN CLASSROOM, LOOKING AT BOTH THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREA. SUBSEQUENTLY, ONE DAY OF FIELD TRIP ALLOW STUDENTS TO COLLECT GEOLOGICAL DATA FROM THE KEY AREA. DURING THEIR FIELD WORK STUDENTS WILL BE LEADED TO TAKE BEDDING AND FAULT PLANE MEASUREMENTS, TO RECOGNIZE THE MAIN ROCK TYPES USING A FIELD LENS, TO DRAW STRATIGRAPHIC LOGS, TO TAKE THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, AND TO DO OTHER ACTIVITIES USEFUL TO UNDERSTAND THE GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THAT KEY AREA. ONE OF THE MAJOR POINTS OF THE FIELD ACTIVITIES WILL BE TO PUT THE GEOLOGICAL DATA ON BOTH THE TOPO MAP AND ON THE FIELD BOOK.
THE COLLECTED DATA WILL BE MANAGED IN CLASSROOM AND WILL BE INTEGRATED WITH AERO PHOTOS OBSERVATIONS. FOR EACH FIELD EXPERIENCE, STUDENTS WILL PROVIDE A GEOLOGICAL MAP WITH SOME SCHEMES, INCLUDING THE STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT MAPPED UNITS, AND SOME CROSS-SECTIONS, TO ILLUSTRATE THE 3D SETTING OF THE ANALYSED AREA.
WHEN IT IS THE CASE, SOME TECHNICAL ASPECTS WILL BE DISCUSSED FOR THE DIFFERENT ANALYSED AREAS (HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETTING, TUNNELLING OR ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS, ETC.)

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MORE: GEOLOGICAL MAPS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, AERO PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT WILL BE OBJECT OF THE FIELD TRIPS, WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COURSE.