STATE SPACE: INPUT-STATE REPRESENTATIONS, INTERCONNECTION OF SYSTEMS, TRANSITION MATRIX, EXPONENTIAL OF A MATRIX, FROM TRANSFER FUNCTION TO STATE SPACE AND VICE-VERSA, COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION, EGINEVALUES, MODAL ANALYSIS, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, ASYMPTOTIC OBSERVER, EIGENVALUES ASSIGNEMENT, SEMPARATION PRINCIPLE, OUTPUR REGULATION, OPTIMAL CONTROL.

Automatic Control Systems, Tenth Edition, Farid Golnaraghi, Benjamin C. Kuo, McGraw-Hill Education; 10 edizione (10 marzo 2017)
Fondamenti di Automatica, Paolo Bolzern, Riccardo Scattolini, Nicola Schiavoni. McGraw-Hill Education; 4° edizione (19 febbraio 2015)

The energy carrier "electricity" and its production in global, European and national contexts. Macrosectors of electricity use and typical load diagrams of the electric transmission and distribution system. Overview of the electricity market in Italy. Renewable energy sources: an overview; global, European and national contexts. Technical aspects of the technological transition to distributed generation, energy communities and smart-grids.
Energy efficiency of electrical user systems (IEC 64-8/8-1 standard): location of switchgear (electrical center of gravity method), choice of size of distribution substation transformers, losses in conductors, design criteria for zones/utilities/mesh, high-efficiency electric motors and variable speed drives for fluid handling, electrical load management, power factor correction, power quality and continuity of service.
Energy storage devices for the management of non-programmable renewable sources: electrochemical accumulators, combined electrochemical accumulator and supercapacitor systems, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems, hydrogen production and storage (P2G) systems. Fuel cell power generation systems. DC-DC power electronic converters for regulation and control of DC power at terminals of electric generators (photovoltaic modules, fuel cells) or storage systems.
Characteristics of solar radiation and operation of a photovoltaic cell. PV modules and typical PV array configurations for stand-alone or grid-connected generation. Maximum power point tracking algorithms. CEI 0-21 standard and aspects of regulation and control in grid-connected systems.
Wind generation systems: potential producibility and hints on the operating principle of an aeromotor. Power curve of an aeromotor and typical operating range in relation to wind speed. Architectures of fixed-speed or variable-speed wind systems with synchronous or asynchronous electric machine with cage or wound rotor. Control algorithms for maximum power point tracking in variable speed wind systems and algorithms for active and reactive power regulation of grid-connected systems. Offshore wind farms and HVDC systems for grid connection.
Hints on hydroelectric generation systems with run-of-river or reservoir systems. Distributed generation with mini- or micro-hydro systems for island or grid-parallel operation. Energy storage with pumped storage systems. Hints on hydroelectric generation from waves and tides.

Course materials made available by the instructor on the course Teams and Moodle web pages.

Supplementary texts available through SBA, IEEE-Xplore:
Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/5237268
Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/5732788

GENERAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRICAL PROPULSION IN TERRESTRIAL, NAVAL AND AIRCRAFT. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THE RAILWAY FIELD. ELECTRIC SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL WITH DIRECT CURRENT OR SINGLE-PHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT: CONFIGURATIONS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SYSTEM; CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRACTION CIRCUIT AND CURRENT STATE OF THE CURRENT FROM THE CONTACT LINE.
ROLLING STOCK: DESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF RAILWAY RODIGGIO AND CONFIGURATIONS USED FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS; DISTRIBUTION OF THE LOAD ON TROLLEYS OF A RAILWAY LOCOMOTOR; BRAKING SYSTEMS; ADHERENCE IN THE WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT; RESISTANCE TO MOTION OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE; TRACTION DIAGRAM OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE AND DETERMINATION OF THE SIZING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPULSION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO THE PERFORMANCE REQUIRED AND TO THE ACCELERATION AND SPEED LIMITATIONS.
DRIVE UNITS WITH DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR: CONSTRUCTIVE AND FUNCTIONING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS WITH INDEPENDENT EXCITATION OR WITH EXCITEMENT SERIES; STATIC CONVERTERS FOR POWERING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS; USE OF THE CURRENT MOTORS IN THE RAILWAY TRACTION.
DRIVE DRIVES WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS: REFERENCES ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS; TWO-LEVEL INVERTER WITH PWM MODULATION OR WITH SVM MODULATION, THREE-LEVEL INVERTER; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH FIELD ORIENTATION CONTROL OR WITH DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR USED IN RAILWAY TRACTION; SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH EXCITATION CIRCUIT OR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS; DRIVES WITH SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES AND THEIR USE IN RAILWAY TRACTION.
RAILWAY INTEROPERABILITY AND EXAMPLES OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTORS WITH POLITENSION FEEDING. NOTES ON THE DIESEL-ELECTRIC RAILWAY PROPULSION.
GENERAL AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION IN ROAD VEHICLES. ARCHITECTURE OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF ROAD VEHICLES. MOTOR RESISTANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE AND TRACTION CHARACTERISTIC OF A ROAD VEHICLE WITH ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSOR. STANDARDIZED RUNNING CYCLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE.
ENERGY OR POWER ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS FOR USE IN ROAD VEHICLES: CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATORS, SUPERCONDENSATOR BENCHES AND MECHANICAL FLYWHEELS; COMBINED ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS.
CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC GENERATORS WITH FUEL CELLS FOR THE APPLICATION IN THE PROPULSION OF ROAD VEHICLES.
CONFIGURATIONS OF ELECTRIC STROKES FOR ROAD VEHICLES WITH POWER SUPPLY FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR, FROM CELLS TO FUEL OR FROM GENERATION GROUP WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
DUAL-MODE, FULL-HYBRID OR MILD-HYBRID HYBRID PROPULSORS WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR ROAD VEHICLES; START / STOP SYSTEMS AND EVOLUTION OF AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOARD.
USE OF HYBRID AND ELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN MARINE APPLICATIONS.

M. Brenna, F. Foiadelli, D. Zaninelli – ELECTRICAL RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS – Published by John Wiley & Sons – ISBN 978-1-119-38680-3
M. EHSANI, Y. GAO, S. E. GAY, A. EMADI – MODERN ELECTRIC, HYBRID ELECTRIC AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES – CRC PRESS – ISBN 0-8493-3154-4

Kinematics of fluids: analysis of the deformation in the neighbourhood of a point. Vorticity and related theorems. Decomposition of the velocity fields. The governing equations of Fluid Mechanics: mass, momentum and energy budget. Hydraulic models: the 1D scheme. Application to the analysis of unsteady pipe flows. The method of characteristics. Computational methods for the 1D scheme. The Navier-Stokes equation and its approximations in Hydrodynamics: low Reynolds number flows, lubrication theory, boundary layer theory, natural and forced convection, the Boussinesque approximation. Ideal flows. Turbulence for uncompressible fluids.

Kinematics of fluids: analysis of the deformation in the neighbourhood of a point. Vorticity and related theorems. Decomposition of the velocity fields. The governing equations of Fluid Mechanics: massa, momentum and energy budget. Hydraulic modelds: the 1D scheme. Application to the analysis of unsteady pipe flows. The method of characteristics. Computational methods for the 1D scheme. The Navier-Stokes equation and its approximations in Hydrodynamics: low Reynolds number flows, lubrication tehory, boundary layer theory, natural and forced convection, the Boussinesque approximation. Ideal flows. Turbulence for uncompressible fluids.

Lecture notes.
Readings suggested by the teacher.

The similitude theory applied to turbomachines

- Criteria and limits;
- Dimensional analysis and performance laws;
- Relevant applications to design and analysis of turbomachines;

Hydraulic machines

1) Centrifugal and axial pumps

- Basic principles and performance
- Influence of cavitation on pump selection and design;
- Preliminary design of the main components (radial and axial impellers, unvaned and vaned diffusers, volutes)
- Main parameters which affect pump performance;
- Operation and control: basic principles.

2) Hydraulic turbines

- Basic principles and performance
- Preliminary design of Pelton turbines;
- Preliminary design of reaction turbines (Francis and Kaplan);
- Draft tube and cavitation in reaction turbines;
- Performance characteristics;
- Operation: basic principles.

Compressible flow turbomachines

3) Fluid-dynamics in ducted flows

- Review of applied thermodynamics and gas-dynamics;
- Steady one-dimensional and two-dimensional flows, vorticity, Crocco’s theorem, shock waves. Shock and expansion waves on complex aerofoils.
- Two-dimensional cascades;
- Boundary layers on complex aerofoils, effect of pressure gradients on stall in cascades, thermal boundary layers.
- Shock wave/ boundary layer interaction;
- Three-dimensional effects: secondary flows.

4) Axial compressors

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, factors affecting stage pressure ratio, blockage in the compressor annulus, degree of reaction, design process;
- Mean-line analysis: efficiency optimization.
- Three-dimensional flow: free-vortex law, constant degree of reaction law, constant rotor absolute inlet angle law;
- Stage efficiency: three-dimensional optimization.
- Correlations for the evaluation of losses and deviation.

5) Steam Turbine

- Basic principles and performance characteristics.
- Analysis of: impulse stage, velocity-compounded impulse stage, reaction stage. Comparison and discussion.
- Total-to-total and total-to-static blade efficiency, windage losses, partial admission losses, humidity losses.
- Preliminary design: principles for selecting the path of multistage turbines, rough estimation of the process of steam flow in the path, estimation of stage diameter, number of stages and distribution of enthalpy drops. Calculation of the steam path.

6) Axial gas turbines

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, vortex theory (free-vortex design, constant nozzle angle design);
- Stage performance limitations;
- Cooling methods: basic principles.


Students will apply design methodologies and procedures on several case studies.

• T. Wright e P.M. Gerhart, "Fluid Machinery: Application, Selection and Design", CRC Press ISBN978-1-4200-8294-4
• Documents available on Moodle

Acoustics:
Acoustical parameters.
Wave equation and speed of sound.
Solutions of the wave equation: plane and spherical waves.
Acoustical impedance.
Psychoacoustics: the ear, normal audiogram.
Sound levels.
Acoustical analysis (octave bands and one-third octave bands)
Weighting curves.
Sound level meters.
Open-space acoustics.
Acoustical barriers.
Sound in enclosures.
Reverberation time (Sabine formulation and Eyring formulation).
Sound-absorbing materials.
Transmission of sound through partitions. Mass law.

Lighting design:
Radiation of energy.
Radiometric and photometric parameters.
The eye. Visual performance.
Measurement of the photometric parameters.
Colorimetry.
Light sources: incandescent, discharge and LED lamps.
Lighting fixtures.
Daylighting.
Extended sources (linear, tubular and rectangular sources).
The lumen method.
The radiosity method.

-A. B. Coppens, L. E. Kinsler, J. V. Sanders, A. R. Frey, Fundamentals of acoustics (4th edition), Ed. Wiley
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Silvio Santoboni, Acustica, Ed. CEA
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Andrea De Lieto Vollaro, Illuminotecnica, Ed. CEA

Hydraulics

Reference flow conditions in hydraulics
Flow through orifices
The "discharge coefficient CD "
Laminar flows in hydraulic components

Valves
Pressure relief valve
Pressure reducing valve
Flow control valve RQ2 type
Flow control valve RQ3 type
Continuous positioning valves and characteristics
Hydraulic manipulators
Servo and proportional valves
Nozzle-Flapper Servo valves


Actuators
Classification and characteristics of linear and rotary actuators

Pumps
Classification of pumps
Pressure Level
Flow regularity
Variable pump displacement
Considerations on the Cost/Performance ratio

Mechanical and volumetric losses in hydraulic pumps and motors
Wilson’s loss model

Fluids, accumulators, pipes, and hoses
Functions of the fluid in hydraulic systems
Definition and characterization of fluid bulk fluid bulk compressibility
Filtration
Thermal conditioning
Accumulators
Piping

Systems
Fixed-flow supply system
Fixed-pressure supply system
Hydrostatic transmissions
"Load-sensing" systems
“Automotive-control” for hydrostatic transmissions
Flow dividers
Continuous positioning flow dividers
Gear dividers

Closed-loop control of linear and rotary actuators
Linearization of hydraulic systems
Canonical characterization of the first and second order systems
PID Industrial controllers
Valve-controlled hydraulic systems

Pump-controlled hydraulic systems
Hydraulic systems and mechatronics
Design of a hydraulic system performance simulation simulation under steady and transient conditions in AMESim® environment

Pneumatics

Basics and reference flows in the operation of pneumaticcomponents
Flow through orifices
Charge and discharge of a capacity
Dynamics of pneumatic jacks

Systems for generation and distribution of compressed air, common components
Compressors
Valves
Actuators
Groups for the treatment of compressed air
Demisters
Filters
Generation-Conditioning groups

Functional and logical management of pneumatic systems
Movement-phase diagrams
Grafcet diagrams
Solutions for the control of two or more pneumatic actuators and issues related to the onset of block-ing signals
Auxiliary memory
Cascade of memories
Pneumatic sequencers
Relay-based systems
PLC-based systems


Systems
Fixed flow supply systemtem
Fixed pressure supply system
Hydrostatic transmissions
"Load-sensing" systems
The “Automotive
The “Automotive-control” for hydrostatic transmissions
Flow dividers
Continuous positioning flow dividers
Gear dividers

Closed-loop control of linear and rotary actuators
Linearization of hydraulic systems

Canonical characterization of the first and second order systems
PID Industrial controllers Industrial controllers
"
"VValvealve--controlled"controlled" hydraulic shydraulic systems ystems
"
"PPumpump--controlled"controlled" hydraulic shydraulic systems ystems
Hydraulic systems
Hydraulic systems andand "mechatronic"mechatronicss""
Training on design
Training on design of hydraulic systemsof hydraulic systems
Design of
Design of a hydraulic system anda hydraulic system and performance performance simulation simulation underunder stationary and dynamic stationary and dynamic conditions in conditions in AMESim®AMESim® environmentenvironment
Pneumatics
Pneumatics
Basics and reference flows in the operation
Basics and reference flows in the operation of of pneumaticpneumatic componentscomponents
Flow through orifices
Flow through orifices
Charge and discharge of a capacity
Charge and discharge of a capacity
Dynamics of pneumatic
Dynamics of pneumatic jacksjacks
Systems for
Systems for generation and distribution of compressed airgeneration and distribution of compressed air, common components, common components
C
Compressorsompressors
V
Valvesalves
A
Actuatorsctuators
Groups for the treatment of compressed air
Groups for the treatment of compressed air
Demisters
Demisters
Filters
Filters
Generation
Generation--Conditioning groupsConditioning groups
Functional and logical management of pneumatic systems
Functional and logical management of pneumatic systems
Movement
Movement--phasesphases diagramsdiagrams
Grafcet
Grafcet diagramsdiagrams
Solutions for the control of two or more pneumatic actuat
Solutions for the control of two or more pneumatic actuators and issues related to the onset ors and issues related to the onset of blocking signalsof blocking signals
A
Auxiliary memoryuxiliary memory
Cascade of memories
Cascade of memories
Pneumatic
Pneumatic sequencerssequencers
Relay
Relay--based systemsbased systems
PLC
PLC--based systemsbased systems

-N.NERVEGNA “OLEODINAMICA E PNEUMATICA” ED. POLITEKO, TORINO
-G. BELFORTE, A.M. BERTETTO, L. MAZZA “ PNEUMATICA” ED. TECNICHE NUOVE, MILANO
-ASSOFLUID “L’OLEOIDRAULICA NELL’AMBITO INDUSTRIALE E MOBILE” ED. ASSOFLUID. MILANO
-ASSOFLUID “LA PNEUMATICA E LE SUE APPLICAZIONI” ED. ASSOFLUID. MILANO
-N.D. MANRING “HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS” ED. JOHN WILEY & SONS, N. JERSEY
-AKERS, M. GASSMAN E R. SMITH “ HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS” ED.TAYLOR & FRANCIS
-P. BEATER “PNEUMATIC DRIVES” SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
-Learning material by the teacher

Introduction to structural topics of road vehicles. Geometry and set-up of the vehicle. Tires. Wheel suspensions for light and heavy vehicles: geometry and components. Steering systems. Automotive and hydrostatic transmissions (two and four driving wheels). Braking systems.
Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic driving for braking, steering and suspension systems. ABS, ASR, ESP devices. Passive safety systems (air-bag, belt-tensioning). Automatic and semiautomatic transmissions. Ibrid vehicles

Characterization of gases emission from motor vehicle exhaust and power plant stack.
Air quality and meteorology.
Air pollution modelling. Gaussian plume model.
Engineered systems for air pollution control of stationary sources: pre-combustion controls, combustion controls and post-combustion controls.
Noise pollution and control methods.
Emission standards and regulations.

- Giorgio Cau, Daniele Cocco “L’Impatto Ambientale dei Sistemi Energetici” Ed. SGEditoriali, 2015
- Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell “Introduction to Environmental Engineering” Ed. McGraw-Hill, 1991
- C. S. Rao “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering” Ed. New Age International (P) Limited, 2006
- Lewis H. Bell, Douglas H. Bell “Industrial Noise Control” Ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994
- Robert G. Kunz “Environmental Calculations: A Multimedia Approach” John Widely & Sons Inc., 2009

- notes applied physics
-Environmental conditions of thermal comfort and thermo-physical air quality of buildings
- Heating systems: calculation of thermal loads, energy certification.
- Plant components: boilers, radiators, radiant panels, distribution networks, expansion tank; Project of a thermal power plant
- Motion of fluids and sizing of water distribution networks.
- Air conditioning system: calculation of the summer heat load, sizing of an all-air system without and with recirculation, and mixed systems.
- Plant components: refrigeration units, air treatment units, fan coils, etc.
- Motion of fluids and sizing of air distribution networks.
-Design of the heating and air conditioning system components

BOOK TITLED IMPIANTI TERMOTECNICI
editori ROBERTO DE LIETO VOLLARO, LUCA EVANGELISTI, GABRIELE BATTISTA, EMANUELE DE LIETO VOLLARO
EDIZIONI EFESTO

Introduction to electric drives: definition and classification of electric drives, elements of an electric drive, goals and performance of electric drives, and types of service.
Operating principle of power semiconductor devices: operating characteristics; turn-on and turn-off transients; conduction and switching losses. Fundamentals of static power conversions: AC/DC converters, DC-AC converters, AC-AC converters. Modulation techniques with the carrier-based approach.
Introduction to MATLAB/Simulink software.

Linear systems and their study in the time domain. The Laplace transform and analysis of a system in the "s" domain. Representation of transfer functions in the frequency domain, transfer function implementation, and Bode plot in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
P, PI, PID industrial regulators. Architectures and main characteristics of open loop and closed loop control systems.
Current sensors: shunt resistor, Hall effect sensor. Operating principle of voltage sensors. Position and speed sensors: tachymetric dynamo, absolute and incremental encoder, resolver.

Review of magnetic circuits and the operating principle of electric machines. Electric drives with the synchronous machine: dynamic model of the machine and operation analysis in the sinusoidal regime. Control strategies in wound rotor, permanent magnet, and reluctance synchronous machine electric drives. Synthesis of control systems for electric drives with the synchronous machine using MATLAB/Simulink.
Electric drives with the asynchronous machine: dynamic model of the machine and analysis of operation in the sinusoidal regime. Control strategies in electric drives with the asynchronous machine. Realization of electric drives with the asynchronous machine in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Introduction to embedded control systems with PLC, microcontrollers, DSP, and FPGA: operating and programming characteristics. Introduction to National Instruments LabVIEW software for electrical drives. Future trends and developments of electric drives.

In addition to the lecture notes provided by the teacher
Ion Boldea, Syed A. Nasar
Electric Drives, Third Edition 2016 by CRC Press
ISBN 9781498748209
Bimal K. Bose
Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives
Prentice Hall PTR, 2002
Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins
Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design
ISBN: 0471226939
Ned Mohan
Advanced Electric Drives: Analysis, Control, and Modeling Using MATLAB / Simulink
ISBN: 978-1-118-48548-4
Ned Mohan
Electric Drives: An Integrative Approach
ISBN: 0971529256
Digital Integrated Circuits, by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic, Prentice Hall
Electrical Circuit, Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Giambattista Gruosso, Giancarlo Storti Gajani

Classical Risk methods and assessment techniques; Job Safety Analysis (JSA); Check list analysis, Functional Analysis Space Technique (FAST) method; Professional illness assessment; noise, ergonomics and manual handling. Lifting equation by NIOSH (National Institute Occupational Safefy & Health) Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA), Snook & Ciriello method. Reliability approach as a tool for the assessment of failure and injuries likelihood. Fault tree analysis (FTA), Event Tree analysis (ETA); Hazard Operability approach (Haz.Op) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Behavior based analysis and risk assessment techniques (BBS).
Physical agents: Acoustics and Vibrations. International ISO and measuring techniques. Monitoring methods and impact assessment. Geostatistical methods: variograms, Kriging, Co Kriging

Lecture notes and texts provided by the teacher

Cenni ai metodi di caratterizzazione dei materiali
- tecniche diffrattometriche, microscopiche e spettroscopiche. Cenni di metallografia e di prove non distruttive.
Corrosione ad Umido
- Aspetti elettrochimici del degrado, forme di corrosione ad umido, diagrammi di Pourbaix, cinetica della corrosione, ddp e teoria dei potenziali misti – passività, corrosione in ambienti naturali e in ambienti ostili, metodi di prevenzione, protezione, diagnosi e monitoraggio
Tribologia
- Richiami sulla meccanica del contatto. Aspetti tribologici del degrado (adesione, attrito e usura), principali tipologie di usura (adesiva e abrasiva).
- Teoria, metodi e normativa per la quantificazione dell’usura, misure preventive.
Protezione dei materiali
- rivestimenti resistenti all’usura e alla corrosione, barriere termiche.
- Tecnologie di produzione di rivestimenti: rivestimenti galvanici, rivestimenti da fase vapore, rivestimenti termospruzzati.
Materiali compositi
- concetti fondamentali (matrice-rinforzo-interfaccia) e classificazione; regola delle miscele, interazione rinforzo-matrice, durabilità e degrado (creep, fatica, idrolizzazione). Criteri di progettazione: compositi laminati e sandwich; tecnologie di produzione: hand layup, Filament winding, stampaggi a caldo, a freddo e in autoclave, Resin Transfer Moulding, Spray-up. Esempi di applicazione dei compositi.
Materiali ceramici avanzati
- correlazione tra precursori, produzione, struttura e proprietà ottenibili. Criteri di affidabilità (statistica di Weibull); tecnologie di produzione: sinterizzazione, pressatura isostatica a caldo, slip casting, tape casting, codeposizione, termal spraying. Esempi di applicazione dei ceramici per componenti refrattari e barriere termiche. Degrado, corrosione a secco
Complementi:
- Progettazione mediante Elementi Finiti e relative ricadute sui materiali impiegati: simulazione delle proprietà variabili nel tempo e in temperatura. Esempi applicativi di analisi statiche e dinamiche, meccaniche e termo-meccaniche.
Cenni ai trattamenti delle acque ed ai fenomeni correlati per la corretta selezione degli acciai negli impianti per la produzione di energia e negli scambiatori di calore.

Dispense del docente
references
M. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D. Cebon: "Materiali, dalla scienza alla progettazione ingegneristica" Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Scienza e tecnologie dei metalli - CittàStudi Edizioni

Monographic Class on Mines and Quarry activities. Fundamentals are Mining and Quarring methods, Geology element, Tectonics and Hydro-geology, Minerals and Rocks; Mineral assets and bench. The Mining activities planning and localization. Environmental Impact Assessment Methods; Environmental recovery fundamentals. The Production Techniques and the Exploitation Methods. Health and Safety quarries related Laws in force.

Geology element, Tectonics and Hydro-geology, Minerals and Rocks.
Mines and Quarries. Mineral Ore from pits: a) Dimension stones for Shops and Crushing stones (Marbles, Travetinos, Granite, Limestone); b) Building and construction Stones: 1) crushed stones for concrete and compo (Sands, Gravel, crushing Grout); 2) Bricks and Ashler; 3) Crushed Ores and reef Blocks; c) Industrial feedstock (siliceous sands, Diatoms, Kieselguhrs, artful Marl, Dolomites, etc). The geological associations, Mineral assets and bench. The Mining layer, Opencast Pits and Underground Pits. The Disclosing Ratio. The geo-morphology and the Pits’ characteristics.
The Mining activities planning and localization: the all-over exploitation and the Exploitation-Poles; Environmental Impact from Mining Activities and Environmental Impact Assessment.
Exploitation Units and Hierarchy. Underground exploitation methods: Halls and Pillars, Filling methods: Opencast Methods: a) Terraces (exclusive and multiples); b) Leveling by Terraces; Leveling by sub-vertical Rips.
Production Techniques: Blasting hearth-works, mechanical digging, ripping, dozing, scraping. Drilling Techniques and Technologies; Blasting Techniques, Noise, over-pressure, air-blast, Vibrations and Waves. Dumping; conveyor Belts, Crushing Plants, Sifting and Grinding.
Stone Quality and Certification. Dimension Stone exploitation, open cast pits and underground pits; high and low step techniques. Diamond Wire cutting techniques, Saw Chains cutters, Fire and Water Cutting Techniques. Exploitations ratio and Landfill.
Dimension Stone Shops. The production Planning Organization; The PERT Techniques, Minimal and maximal Productiveness. The Functional Analysis Space Technique.
The Exploitation method planning and the step-by-step Recovery. Visibility Charts and Visual Impact mitigation.

Decontamination, recovery and remediation. Naturalistic Engineering Techniques, open-cast pits lakes. Pits outfielders’ Impacts: Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations; Monitoring and mitigating Methods. Occupational Health and Safety. Main Laws in force (Italy, Europe, Areas), Risk Assessment and evaluation (DPR 624). Main Hazards Characterizations, Incidents, Injuries, Accidents, Professional Illness. Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations (DPR 128).
Executive Quarry designing arrangement and Environment recovery.

Lecture notes and texts distributed by the teacher

Digital circuits. Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Introduction to microcontrollers and Digital Signal Processors. Industrial PLCs: operating characteristics, programming and applications. Memory devices. Analog-to-digital conversion. Operational Amplifiers. Digital-to-analog converters. Analog filters. Bus and communication protocols in the industrial field

Digital Integrated Circuits, by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic, Prentice Hall

Electrical circuits, Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Giambattista Gruosso, Giancarlo Storti Gajani

Digital circuits. Boolean algebra. Combinational and sequential circuits. Introduction to microcontrollers and Digital Signal Processors. Industrial PLCs: operating characteristics, programming and applications. Memory devices. Analog-to-digital conversion. Operational Amplifiers. Digital-to-analog converters. Analog filters. Bus and communication protocols in the industrial field

Digital Integrated Circuits, by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic, Prentice Hall

Electrical circuits, Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Giambattista Gruosso, Giancarlo Storti Gajani

The industrial enterprise
Organization and scope of industrial enterprise. Classification of production systems. Analysis of production processes (process mapping and performance estimation). Little’s law. Impact of flow and process variability on main performance measures. Analysis of lot size effects on capacity, lead time and manufacturing cost. Lot sizing criteria in repetitive manufacturing.

Demand forecast
Analysis of demand variability components (random fluctuations, trends, seasonality). Classification of quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods. Linear regression causal models, time series methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) and seasonal forecasting methods. Estimation of forecast error. Demand estimation for new products: market size and market penetration dynamics (Bass model).

Fundamentals of production planning and control
Analysis of P-Time and D-Time. Push and Pull production systems. Make to Stock, Assemble to Order, Make to Order ed Engineering to Order systems. The hierarchical production planning framework.

Aggregate planning
Alternatives to match production and demand. Trial and error aggregate planning methods (chase, level and mixed plans). LP models for the aggregate planning problem.

Master production scheduling
Criteria to disaggregate an aggregate plan and methods to develop a Master Production Schedule (MPS) based on items forecast and firm orders. Etsimation of Available to Promise capacity. Difference of MPS in MTS and ATO settings.

Requirements planning
MRPI and II methods. Capacity Requirements Planning. Lot sizing criteria for materials requirements planning. Limitations of MRP systems.

Operational planning and manufacturing execution
Final Assembly Schedule and operational plans. Criteria for job release and queues control. Heuristic rules for job scheduling and priority assignment. Production advancement and control systems.

Pull production systems
Kanban method and production leveling techniques. Methods for sequencing mixed model assembly lines. CONWIP. Comparison of push and pull systems.

Inventory management
Classification and scope of inventories. Relevant costs in inventory management. Management of dependent demand materials: economic order quantitym reorder cycle and reorder level policies. Service level and computation of safety stock. Benefits of safety stock pooling. Management of dependent demand items: lot by lot and dynamic lot sizing techniques. Newsboy model and single period order sizing. ABC classification and warehouse performance measures.

Lecture notes provided by instructor and uploaded on Moodle web site.

• Elements of the theory of the vibrations
o Single degree of freedom
o Multi degree of freedom
o Continuos models: beams, plates and shells
• Finite element method
• Critical speeds

• Graff K. F., Wave motion in elastic solids, Dover, 1975.
• Weaver W. Jr, Timoshenko S. P., Young D. H., “Vibration problems in engineering” – Wiley Interscience
• Soedel W., “Vibrations of shells and plates” – Dekker Mechanical Engineering

The design process: problem definition, establishment of objectives, generation of alternatives, preliminary design, detailed design.
Conventional versus optimum design process: optimum design problem formulation, design variables and degrees of freedom, cost function, design constraints, examples of optimum design problem formulations.
Optimisation of processes to produce electricity, heat and cold.
Thermal systems design: selection of machines and equipment, cost accounting, economic analysis.
Heat exchangers: classification, design approaches, off-design performance evaluation, optimization of heat exchanger networks by applying the pinch-method.
Steam generators: typologies, fuels, combustion, heat transfer, thermo-mechanical design criteria, efficiency.
Sizing of machines and apparatuses of thermo-mechanical plants.

Lecture notes provided by the teacher.
CIRILLO F., Progetto di sistemi meccanici, Mc Graw-Hill.
STOECKER W. F., Design of Thermal Systems, Mc Graw-Hill International.
ANNARATONE D., Calcolo termico di generatori di vapore, Tamburini Editore.

Introduction to Functional Design: design methods, classification according to Artobolewsky, functional classification: rigid body guidance, function generator, path generator. Topological Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms: graph-mechanism correspondence; enumeration of kinematic chains, graphs isomorphism and planarity. Kinematic Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms for finite displacements: method based on the displacement matrices, plane and spatial motions, Freudenstein’s equation. Kinematic Synthesis of mechanisms for infinitesimal displacements: Classical and Generalized Burmester’s Theory, general methods based on geometric invariants and on centrodes; kinematic analysis with kinematic invariants, cognate mechanisms. Automotive: automatic gearbox, epicyclic and differential gear drives, suspensions and steering mechanisms, clutches. Transmissions and actuation: parallel, bevel and skew axis transmissions, joints, principle of inertia match. Lubrication: Elasto-Hydro-Dynamic Lubrication EHL. Dynamic simulation of Multi Body Systems and of continuum structures: methods for the solution of the set of dynamic equations of a MBS with constraints; dynamic simulation of structures via FEA. Compliant mechanisms: Kinematic, kinetostatic and dynamic analysis and simulation of compliant mechanisms. Isotropic compliance: synthesis of the compliance in E(3) and SE(3) for mechanisms and robots. MEMS and NEMS: design, simulation, fabrication, characterization, test and operational strategies of micro/nano electro mechanical systems. Mechatronics: control of mechanisms in dynamic regime, mechanisms for the automation, ratchet and Geneva mechanisms, microcontrollers. Creativity in Design: Atlases of mechanisms, TRIZ and LT. Computational intelligence: optimization of mechanisms for performance indices, pressure angle and mechanical gain.

Materials available on the Moodle platform.

Di Benedetto, A., Pennestrì, E., Introduzione alla cinematica dei meccanismi, CEA, Voll. 1, 2 e 3.

Performance and metrological characteristics of measurement systems for industry: basics of metrology and measurement methods. Analysis and processing of dynamic measurements. Applied statistics to industrial measurements and quality control. Fundamentals of Technical Writing.
Measurement systems and signal processing for industrial applications: impedance matching, amplifiers, filtering, signal modulation and demodulation, bridge circuits, linearization, transmitters, communication standards of measurement devices. Elements of digital data acquisition systems for industrial applications. Network Infrastructures for Industrial Measurements: Fundamentals and Applications.
Methods and devices for mechanical and thermal measurements in industry and manufacturing, e.g. non-invasive measurement systems, optical measurement methods, non-contact temperature measurement, level measurements, ultrasound systems, resistive, capacitive and inductive transducers, radiometric measurement systems, etc. Industrial Instrumentation management.

• W. C. Dunn, Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
• C. W. de Silva , Sensors and actuators – Engineering System Instrumentation, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
• Beckwith T.G., Marangoni R.D. & Lienhard J.H, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
• Tony R. Kuphaldt, Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation, Samurai Media Limited, 2019.
• Alessandro Brunelli, Manuale di taratura degli strumenti di misura, Gisiservizi, 2012.
• G. Malagola, A. Ponterio, La metrologia dimensionale: teoria e procedure di taratura, Società Editrice Esculapio, 2013.
• D.C.Montgomery, Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.
• R. S. Figliola, D. E. Beasley, Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2015.
• Hughes, T. Hase, Measurements and their Uncertainties A practical guide to modern error analysis, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2010.
• W. Navidi, Probabilità e statistica per l'ingegneria e le scienze, Mc Graw Hill, 2006.
• CEI UNI 70098-3: 2016, Incertezza di misura. Parte 3: Guida all'espressione dell'incertezza di misura
• F. P. Branca, Misure meccaniche, E.S.A. Editrice, Roma 1980.
• P. Cappa, Sensori e Trasduttori per Misure Meccaniche e Termiche, Voll. I-III, Borgia Editore, 1994.
• Lecture notes

Processes of manufacturing polymeric materials. Classification of polymeric materials. Recall of the main technological properties. Extrusion. Blown extrusion. Extrusion and blowing. Calendering. Fiber production process. Injection moulding. Blow molding. Rotation molding. Compression molding. Transfer molding. Thermoforming. Fusion forming processes. Foaming processes. Joining of plastic materials. Processes of manufacturing composite materials. Classification of composite materials. Recall of the main technological properties. Contact, compression and vacuum molding processes. Molding processes of liquid composite materials. Foam injection molding. Tube molding. Prepreg manufacturing process. Filament winding. Pultrusion. Powder metallurgy and manufacturing processes of ceramic/glass materials. General information on metal powders, production processes and properties. Powder pressing process. Sintering processes. Sintered rework processes. Recall of the main technological properties of ceramic and glass materials. Conventional processes for manufacturing ceramic materials. Chemical vapor deposition. DIMOX processes. Reaction bonding. Sol-Gel Technologies. Polymer pyrolysis process. Melt casting. Forming processes of ceramic materials for powder metallurgy techniques. Unconventional manufacturing processes. Classification of unconventional manufacturing processes. Abrasive jet processing. Water jet processing. Water jet and abrasive processing. Ultrasonic machining. Chemical and photochemical processing. Electrochemical processing. Electrochemical grinding. Wire and die-sinking EDM. Electron beam processing. Laser beam processing. Plasma processing. Advanced manufacturing processes. “Net shape” and “Near Net Shape” processes (rapid prototyping). Microfabrication technologies. Nanotechnologies and applications. Manufacturing of semi-conductor devices. “Green” production technologies. Sustainability of industrial processes. Aspects relating to the safety of production processes.

Authors: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schmid
Editor: Pearson
Collection: Prentice Hall
Edition: 5
Year: 2008