Optional group:
SCELTA DA 12 CFU - (show)
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12
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20401070 -
DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL OF EXPERIMENTS
(objectives)
To provide the student with the basic knowledge on how the construction of a nuclear physics experiment is structured in relation to the collection of data from the detector, the control of the equipment and the experiment, the monitoring of the good functioning of the apparatus and the quality of data acquired
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Ruggeri Federico
( syllabus)
The aim of the course is to provide the student with the general cognitive elements underlying the acquisition, control and monitoring systems of Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics experiments. The course is divided into the following topics: -Introduction to DAQ-Parallelism and Pipelining systems -Derandomization-DAQ and Trigger-Data Transmission -Front End Electronics-Trigger-Architecture Computing Systems-Real Time Systems-Real Time Operating Systems -C Language-TCP / IP Network Protocols-DAQ-Architecture Building -VME Bus-Run Control-Farming-Data Archiving During the course, laboratory exercises will take place with the execution of simple examples of: - reading and data transfer systems through pipe mechanisms with concurrent processes; - signal-based trigger simulation programs; - Run Control program for activation and termination of processes; - configuration and reading of data from board on VME bus.
( reference books)
Lecture notes prepared by the teacher on the basis of the slides presented and available on the Moodle server:
https://matematicafisica.el.uniroma3.it
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20402146 -
HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
(objectives)
Provide the student with an overview of the main phenomena in the field of High Energy Astrophysics, with particular attention to growth phenomena on compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes) and to particle acceleration phenomena
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BIANCHI STEFANO
( syllabus)
COMPACT OBJECTS: WHITE DWARFS, NEUTRON STARS, THE CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT, PULSARS, BLACK HOLES
ACCRETION: THEORY, EDDINGTON LIMIT, ACCRETION DISKS
X-RAY BINARIES: CLASSIFICATION AND PHENOMENOLOGY, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES, LOW-MASS AND HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES, BLACK HOLE CANDIDATES
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: CLASSIFICATION AND PHENOMENOLOGY, X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, JETS, SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS
GAMMA RAY BURSTS: PHENOMENOLOGY, ORIGIN, EMISSION MECHANISMS
CLUSTER OF GALAXIES: EMISSION FROM THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM, COOLING FLOWS
COSMIC RAYS: COMPOSITION, SPECTRUM AND ORIGIN, SUPERNOVA REMNANTS, ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS
( reference books)
(LONGAIR MALCOM S. ) HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS 3RD ED. [CAMBRIDGE 2011]
(KIPPENHAHN R., WEIGERT A.) STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION [SPRINGER 1994]
(G.B. RYBICKI, A.P. LIGHTMAN) RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN ASTRIPHYSICS [WILEY]
(VIETRI M.) ASTROFISICA DELLE ALTE ENERGIE [BORINGHIERI]
(SHAPIRO S.L, TEUKOLSKY S.A.) BLACK HOLES, WHITE DWARFS AND NEUTRON STARS [WILEY]
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60
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20410506 -
COSMOLOGY
(objectives)
The course aims to explore in detail some aspects of Modern Cosmology which are just as many topics of high interest both from the point of view of the physical phenomena involved and from the point of view of the methodologies used. Particular attention is paid to the comparison between observations and theory, that is to the relation between the Cosmology and the Astrophysical Astrophysics.
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Derived from
20402143 COSMOLOGIA in Fisica LM-17 N0 BRANCHINI ENZO FRANCO
( syllabus)
This course discusses in detail the key issues in Modern Cosmology, including outstanding problems. The goal is to provide an overview of the subject and to illustrate the main techniques, theoretical and observational alike, commonly used in this field. The main topics are:
- Density fluctuation in a cosmological scenario: generation and growth. Gravitational Instability. Newtonian limit and the Jeans Theory. Linear theory.
- Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuation. Acoustic peaks. The Sachs-Wolfe effect. Secondary effects. -
- Cosmic backgrounds in different energy bands: Radio, X-ray and gamma-ray
- Secondary anisotropies. The Gunn-Peterson effect, cosmic reionization, Ly-alpha forest and Sunayev-Zel'dovich effect.
- The intergalactic medium at low redshift and the missing baryons problem.
- Large scale structures. Statistical analysis of the galaxy distribution in space. Correlation functions and power spectra.
- Luminous vs. dark matter. Galaxy bias.
- Nonlinear growth of density fluctuations. The Zel'dovich approximation. The spherical collapse model. The halo model. Press-Schechter theory and its extension.
- Peculiar velocities, distance indicators and their calibrations.
- Gravitational lensing: Theory and observations. Micro-lensing. Strong lensing. Weak lensing.
( reference books)
Peacock J. Physical Cosmology. Cambridge Univ.Press
Longair M. Galaxy Formation [A&A Library ]
Coles P., Lucchin F. Cosmology [Wiley 2000]
Vari articoli di rivista forniti dal docente durante il corso.
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6
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54
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20410096 -
Educational & Outreach - La comunicazione della scienza
(objectives)
To provide the student with the basic concepts of communication, such as techniques for public speaking and for the preparation of presentation materials and scientific communication texts. To acquire skills on the design and implementation of communication products (images, audio, video) and on the Communication Plan (plan to organize the communication of an event or scientific project).
Group:
1
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GIACOMINI Livia
( syllabus)
This course is based on the use of case studies, intersting examples of science communication that will be presented and analysed during the lessons.
On the examples of these case studies, communication laboratories and practical activities will be organized. Students will work in team, guided by researchers and professional communicators, to plan and produce specific communication tools (articles, websites, blogs, audio/video etc).
The course will also take in account the technological aspects related to communication, introducing and examining selected open source software.
The program
The course is 52 hours long, including 40 ore of lessons and 12 hours of lab activities. 12 hours are in common with the “Communcating Science” PhD course.
Introduction to science communication
• The postulates of communication: from body language to the communication plan
• About science communication: why should we communicate science?
• Different types of communication, including in the academic & research world
• Planning an event for the public: the 5 steps strategy
• Visual communication and science
Speaking to the public about science
• Introduction to verbal communication: from public talks to press conferences
• The basics of public speaking in science
• Slides, audio/video and multimedia tools
Writing about science
• Introducing science journalism
• Differences between a scientific article, a press release and outreach articles
• Writing for video: the storyboard
Visual communication of science
• How to communicate science with images
• How to plan and produce an image
Communicating science on web
• How is science communicated on the web
• Science and web 2.0
• How to plan and produce a website
Organization of a public event
• The communication plan of a public event
• Organizing an astronomical observation event
( reference books)
"The hands-on guide for science communicators: a step.by-step approach to public outreach" di Lars Lindberg Christensen
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdid=book-GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
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BERNIERI ENRICO
( syllabus)
This course is based on the use of case studies, intersting examples of science communication that will be presented and analysed during the lessons.
On the examples of these case studies, communication laboratories and practical activities will be organized. Students will work in team, guided by researchers and professional communicators, to plan and produce specific communication tools (articles, websites, blogs, audio/video etc).
The course will also take in account the technological aspects related to communication, introducing and examining selected open source software.
The program
The course is 52 hours long, including 40 ore of lessons and 12 hours of lab activities. 12 hours are in common with the “Communcating Science” PhD course.
Introduction to science communication
• The postulates of communication: from body language to the communication plan
• About science communication: why should we communicate science?
• Different types of communication, including in the academic & research world
• Planning an event for the public: the 5 steps strategy
• Visual communication and science
Speaking to the public about science
• Introduction to verbal communication: from public talks to press conferences
• The basics of public speaking in science
• Slides, audio/video and multimedia tools
Writing about science
• Introducing science journalism
• Differences between a scientific article, a press release and outreach articles
• Writing for video: the storyboard
Visual communication of science
• How to communicate science with images
• How to plan and produce an image
Communicating science on web
• How is science communicated on the web
• Science and web 2.0
• How to plan and produce a website
Organization of a public event
• The communication plan of a public event
• Organizing an astronomical observation event
( reference books)
"The hands-on guide for science communicators: a step.by-step approach to public outreach" di Lars Lindberg Christensen
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdid=book-GI_fpb4xFX4C&rdot=1&source=gbs_vpt_read&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_viewport
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6
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FIS/08
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40
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12
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20410511 -
ELECTRONICS OF SOLID STATE DEVICES
(objectives)
The course aims to illustrate the most advanced methods for the study, simulation and analysis of solid-state electronic and optoelectronic devices. The physical mechanisms underlying the operation of the most modern devices based on large gap semiconductors, such as GaN, GaAs and AlGaAs, as well as the more traditional ones manufactured in Silicon, will be illustrated. Moreover, through appropriate scale laws, the limits glimpsed for current technologies will be analyzed with the indication of possible solutions
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6
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FIS/03
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48
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20410505 -
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(objectives)
To introduce the student to research activities on problems in common between Elementary Particle Physics and Astrophysics. The different research themes that are the object of study by the international scientific community will be discussed within a single framework, with particular attention to the phenomenological interpretation and to the proposals for the realization of new experimental apparatus
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BUSSINO SEVERINO ANGELO MARIA
( syllabus)
Phenomenological and Experimental topics in Astroparticle Physics. Common problems in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.Dark Matter. Cosmic Rays. Cosmic Rays Acceleration. Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Oscillation. Lepton Number non-conservation and double beta decay. Baryon Number non-conservation and proton decay. CP violation and the matter-antimatter asymmetry.
( reference books)
K. Thomas Gaisser Cosmic rays and particle physics Cambridge 1990
Malcom S. Longair High energy astrophysics Cambridge 1992
H. V. Klapdor - Kleingrothaus and A. Staudt Non - Accelerator particle physics Bristol 1995
Donald H. Perkins Particle Astrophysics, second edition Oxford 2009
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MARI STEFANO MARIA
( syllabus)
Experimental Astroparticle Physics: detectors for Cosmic Ray measurement, Dark Matter search by direct approach, neutrino oscillation parameter measurement, Gravitational Wave measurement.
( reference books)
K. THOMAS GAISSER
COSMIC RAYS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS CAMBRIDGE 1990
MALCOM S. LONGAIR
HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS CAMBRIDGE 1992
H. V. KLAPDOR - KLEINGROTHAUS AND A. STAUDT NON - ACCELERATOR PARTICLE PHYSICS
BRISTOL 1995
DONALD H. PERKINS
PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS, SECOND EDITION OXFORD 2009
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60
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20402259 -
PHYSICS OF CLIMATE
(objectives)
To provide the fundamental theoretical and experimental knowledge in the field of Climate Physics and Climate Change
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6
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FIS/06
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48
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20402026 -
PHYSICS OF THE IONOSPHERE AND PHYSICS OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE
(objectives)
Electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation of solar origin gives rise to complex interactions affecting the magnetosphere and the Earth's ionosphere. The magnetic fields of the Sun and the Earth play a fundamental role in these interactions, in a space characterized by the presence of partially ionized plasma (weakly ionized gas): here the physics of the propagation of radio waves is very interesting.
The aim of the course is to present a selection of the most relevant physical phenomena that unfold in this complex environment, where man deploys sophisticated technological systems, on whose functioning the structures of contemporary society are increasingly dependent. Space Weather deals with problems resulting from disturbances in the circumterrestrial environment, in particular consequent to the deterioration of the radiopropagative conditions of the ionosphere.
The ultimate goal is to bring the student closer to the physics of phenomena, stimulating his interest in research in the sector and projecting him towards contemporary challenges to be met.
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SCOTTO Carlo
( syllabus)
Program of the course of "Physics of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere"
prof. Carlo Scotto
Most of the topics are dealt in the book by G.W. Prölss ("Physics of the Earth's Space Environment", ed. Springer). Reference is made to the paragraphs of this book. The remaining topics are reported in the distributed Lesson Notes. The relevant detailed bibliography is shown in them.
Introduction: purpose of the course and presentation of the topics covered.
1. Notions of magneto-ionospheric plasma physics
Plasma frequency, Debye distance and Debye-Hückel potential, plasma conditions, free mean path, phase refraction index for radio waves in a plasma without collisions and in the absence of magnetic field, cold plasma (Lesson notes). (P. 232, § 7.3.1, § 7.3.2, § 7.3.3). Energy of the electromagnetic field (Lesson notes). Motion of electric charges in a magnetic field: gyration motion, the magnetic moment as an adiabatic invariant, motion where grad(B) is parallel to B, bounce motion (§ 5.3.1, § 5.3.2, pp. 220-228), gradient drift motion (§ 5.3.2, pp. 228-229), neutral shift drift, drift E x B and plasma conductivity in the absence of collisions, drift under the action of external forces (§ 5.3.1, § 5.3.2, § 5.3.3 pp. 219-233).
2. The interplanetary medium.
The solar corona and the solar wind (§ 6.1 and 6.1.1, pp. 278-282, including all the references). Large-scale solar wind structure and on the ecliptic plane (§ 6.1.6). The interplanetary magnetic field: observations and physical characteristics (§ 6.2.1, pp. 300-304). The heliosferic current sheet (§ 6.2.4). Segment structure of the polar component of B (§ 6.2.5). Alfven's theorem (Appendix A.14, pp.484-487).
3. Magnetosphere
The geomagnetic field near the Earth (§ 5.2). Curvature drift (p. 233). Total drift (p. 234-235). Composed motion of charge carriers (§ 5.3.4). Particle populations in the internal magnetosphere: radiation belts, ring current, plasmashere (§ 5.4).
The distant geomagnetic field: configuration and classification, currents on the diurnal side of the magnetopause, reflection of the particles and formation of the current, system of currents in the geomagnetic tail (§ 5.5). Particle population in the external magnetosphere: magnetotail plasma sheet, magnetotail lobe plasma, magnetospheric boundary layer (§ 5.6). Formation of bow shock and the magnetosheat (§ 6.4 introduction and § 6.4.1, pp. 325-328).
4. Ionosphere
Absorption processes, gas radiation attenuation, energy deposition in the upper atmosphere: Chapman function. Earth ionosphere: historical outline, vertical profile of electron density, ionospheric temperature, production and disappearance of ionization, ionospheric regions, electronic equilibrium, vertical profile of electron density in E region and in region F2 region (§ 3.2; introduction of chap 4, § 4.1, § 4.2, § 4.3). Ionosphere morphology: the cusps on the ionogram trace and the ionospheric regions (Lesson notes). Regular variations of the ionosphere: layers E and F1 (Lesson notes). Irregular variations of the ionosphere: F2 layer (Lesson notes). Sporadic E layer(Lesson notes). Simplified photochemical model for regions E and F: F1 layer (Lesson notes). Simplified photochemical model for region D (Lesson notes). Refraction index for radio waves with collisions and in the absence of a magnetic field; interpretation of the imaginary part of the refractive index: absorption ( Lesson notes). Solar flares and short waves fadeout (Lesson notes). Additional notes on the F1 layer (Lesson notes). Additional notes on layer E (Lesson notes).
5. Magnetoionic theory
Introduction. Constitutive equations for a cold plasma with collisions and in the presence of a magnetic field (Lesson notes). Refractive index for radio waves in the ionosphere, neglecting collisions and considering the Earth's magnetic field: Appleton-Hartree equation (Lesson notes). Continuity of nf in X = 1. The zeros of the collisionless Appleton-Hartree equation: longitudinal, transverse and general propagation case (Lesson notes). Polarization: continuity in X = 1 in the general case and in the case of longitudinal propagation. Polarization in case of longitudinal propagation: dependence on the sign of YL. Polarization in general conditions, for X = 1 (Lesson Notes). Refractive index for radio waves in the ionosphere, considering collisions and the earth's magnetic field. Mention upon the polarization in the collisional case. Curves of mi(X) with collisions: importance of the Booker rule (Lesson notes). Conditions of reflection and ionograms, ordinary, extraordinary trace. Ray Z (Lesson Notes). Examples of ionograms (Lesson notes).
As indicated in the lesson notes, the material of this teaching unit can be found at: Ratcliffe, J. A. (1959), The magneto-Ionic Theory and its Applications to the Ionosphere, Cambridge University Press.
6. Absorption and dissipation of solar wind energy
Topology of the high polar atmosphere (§ 7.1). Electric fields, and plasma convection (§ 7.2). Conductivity and currents in the polar ionosphere (§ 7.3). Polar auroras: energy dissipation of the auroral particles, origin of the auroral particles, diffuse and discrete aurora(§ 7. 4). Solar Wind Dynamo (§ 7.6.1), open magnetosphere (§ 7.6.2), plasma convection in the open magnetosphere (§ 7.6.3), open magnetosphere with tail (§ 7.6.4), mention upon the reconnection (part of § 7.6. 5) Birkeland currents in regions 1 and 2 (§ 7.6.6).
7. Geospheric storms
Magnetic storms: regular variation, equatorial electroject, magnetic activity at low, high and medium latitudes, geomagnetic indexes (§ 8.1). Magnetic substorms: growth and expansion phase, Alvfèn waves and their role (§ 8.3). Ionospheric storms: negative and positive storms (§ 8.5).
( reference books)
1) G.W. Prölss "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment"
2) Lecture Notes
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20410050 -
FISICA DELLE NANOSTRUTTURE
(objectives)
Give the student an in-depth understanding of the physical properties of low-dimensional systems, with nanometric characteristic dimensions. Illustrate the principles of implementation methodologies and nanotechnologies
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DI GASPARE LUCIANA
( syllabus)
HETEROJUNCTIONS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES. 2, 1, -0 DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS: ELECTRONIC STATES AND DENSITY OF STATES. 2DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES. CHARACTERISTICS LENGTHS FOR THE ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN LOW DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS. T-MATRICES AN RESONANT TUNNELLING. INTERFERENCE OF WAVE FUNCTIONS. AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT. BALISTIC TRANSPORT AND CONDUCTANCE QUANTIZATION IN 1D SYSTEMS. MAGNETOTRANSPORT: SHUBNIKOV-DE HAAS OSCILLATIONS AND QUANTUM HALL EFFECT. SINGLE ELECTRON TUNNELING AND COULOMB BLOCKAFDE EFFECTS. SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR. GRAPHENE: STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES: INTERBAND TRANSITIONS IN QUANTUM WELLS; EXCITONS IN 2D SYSTEMS;
INTERSUBBANDTRANSITIONS. LIGHT-EMITTERS: GAIN COEFFICIENT; DIODE LASERS, HETEROSTRUCTURE LASERS, QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS (BRIEF).
( reference books)
DATTA S.: ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT IN MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ]
FERRY D.K. AND GOODNICK S.M.: TRANSPORT IN NANOSTRUCTURES [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ]
DAVIES J. H. : THE PHYSICS OF LOW DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS [CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS)
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6
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FIS/03
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48
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20410051 -
FISICA DELLE SUPERFICI E INTERFACCE
(objectives)
Introduce the student to the fundamental knowledge on properties, preparation and characterization of surfaces and interfaces
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OFFI FRANCESCO
( syllabus)
- Surface of a solid and solid/solid interface: general notions, historical development and applications
- Thermodynamics, crystallography and structure: two-dimensional lattices and superstructures; reciprocal lattice and Brillouin azone - surface tension and crystals shape; structural defects; relaxation and reconstruction; solid/solid interfaces; nucleation and thin film growth
- Electronic properties: surface electronic states; three-dimensional bands; band mapping with the photoemission technique; image states and core level shift; electronic states in semiconductors; the work function; surface and adsorbed vibrations; surface phonon observation methods; surface plasmons and polaritons
- Adsorption and desorption: physisorption and chemisorption; dissociative adsorption; adsorption and work function; interactions between adsorbed species; bi-dimensional phase transitions; adsorption kinetics; desorption
- Experimental techniques: general concepts of ultra high vacuum; pumping systems; vacuum components; preparation of a clean surface; vacuum deposition techniques
- Surface magnetism: electronic structure and anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials; magnetization and magnetic surface anisotropy; spin-polarized photoemission; magnetic dichroism; photoemission electron microscope for detecting magnetic domains
- Microscopy: scanning and transmission electron microscope; probe scanning microscopy: scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope
( reference books)
- Philip Hofmann, Surface Physics
-Hans Lüth, Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films (Springer-Verlag, 2010)
- K. Oura, et al., Surface Science, An Introduction (Springer-Verlag, 2003)
- Andrew Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces (Cambridge University press, 1992)
-Gabor A. Somorjai, Introduction to surface chemistry and catalysis (Wiley, 2010)
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6
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48
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20401253 -
Physics of Liquids
(objectives)
To offer an introduction to the modern physics of liquids, understood as the study of the phenomenology of fluids starting from interatomic force laws. We will study the theoretical methods based on integral equations that allow us to describe the structure of the liquid. Computer numerical simulation methods applied to the physics of liquids will be introduced. Then we will study the correlation functions and the theory of linear response with applications to the study of the dynamics of liquids in the hydrodynamic limit and in the visco-elastic limit. The memory functions will be introduced. The physics of supercooled liquids and the study of the glass transition will be discussed
-
ROVERE MAURO
( syllabus)
1 - Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.
Extensive and intensive thermodynamic functions. Balance conditions. Legendre transforms and thermodynamic potentials. Phase stability conditions. Phase transitions and their classification. Van der Waals equation. Introduction to the theory of statistical ensembles. Fluctuations.
2 - Forces between atoms and short-range order in liquids.
Characterization of the liquid state of matter. Forces between atoms and effective potentials. Distribution functions in the canon and in the grand canon. Radial distribution function and relationship with thermodynamics. The static structure factor. Measurement of the structure of a liquid with diffusion techniques. Hierarchical equation for distribution functions. Medium strength potential. Ornstein-Zernike equation. Direct correlation function. Static response function. Closing reports. Hyper-crosslinked chains (HNC) approximation. Percus-Yevick (PY) approximation. PY solution for hard ball liquid. Equation of state for hard spheres. Thermodynamic inconsistency. Modified HNC theory. Structure factor of liquid mixtures and molecular liquids.
3 - Numerical simulation of fluid systems
Stochastic and deterministic simulation methods. Molecular dynamics method. Verlet algorithms. Molecular dynamics at constant temperature and pressure. The Monte Carlo simulation method. Monte Carlo simulation in different ensembles.
4 - Dynamics of liquids
Time-dependent correlation functions. Inelastic diffusion of neutrons and measurement of the dynamic structure factor. Correlation functions of Van Hove. Principle of the detailed budget. Linear response theory. Answer function. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Diffusion of the particles. Diffusion coefficient. Velocity correlation function. Hydrodynamics and collective ways. Scattering Brillouin.
5 - Metastable states, undercooled liquids and glass transition.
Stability and metastability. Spinodal curve from the Van der Waals equation. Fluctuations and trends of correlation functions near the critical point. Subcooled liquids and glass transition. Angell diagram. Notes on the dynamic aspects and Mode Coupling theory. Configurational entropy and Kauzmann temperature.
( reference books)
J.P. Hansen and I.R. McDonald, Theory of Simple Liquids, seconda edizione, Academic Press.
N. H. March and M. P. Tosi, Introduction to Liquid State Physics, World Scientific.
P. G. Debenedetti, Metastable Liquids, Princeton University Press.
Supplementary notes.
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60
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20410098 -
FISICA DEI PIANETI DEL SISTEMA SOLARE ED ESOPIANETI
(objectives)
Provide adequate knowledge about the physics of the planets of the solar system and the exoplanets, the techniques of investigation of atmospheres, surfaces and sub-surfaces of planets and introduce the astrophysical problem of the search for life.
Group:
1
-
CLAUDI Riccardo
( syllabus)
1 Solar System Part
- Overall description of the Solar System, mass and angular momentum distribution, astrophysical variables.
- Overall description of planets, their main characteristics ; description of planetary satellites systems and of minor bodies of the Solar System.
- Terrestrial planets: main characteristics and evolutive processes of planetary surfaces.
- Terrestrial planets: thermal history, impact cratering processes, volcanism, tectonics.Comparative planetology.
- Meteorites and minor bodies; radiometric dating and clues for the formation of the Solar System.
- Giant planets
- Planetary satellites
- Internal structure of planets, different evolution of terrestrial and giant planets.
- Planetary atmospheres
2 Extrasolar Planets Part
- Historical Introduction
- Exo planets Indirect discovery methods
- Exo planets Direct discovery methods
- Exo Planets Characteristics
- Physics of extrasolar Planets
- Characterization and results
- Which Life?
- Habitability and Habitable Zone
- The search for life
3 Common Part
- Introduction to the Planetary formation Theory
( reference books)
- There is no official text of the course. A suggested text is the following: Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer, Planetary Sciences, Cambridge University Press. During the course several scientific review papers will be suggested by the lecturers.
Material
- Course slides
- Scientific papers
-
TOSI Federico
( syllabus)
1 Solar System Part
- Overall description of the Solar System, mass and angular momentum distribution, astrophysical variables.
- Overall description of planets, their main characteristics ; description of planetary satellites systems and of minor bodies of the Solar System.
- Terrestrial planets: main characteristics and evolutive processes of planetary surfaces.
- Terrestrial planets: thermal history, impact cratering processes, volcanism, tectonics.Comparative planetology.
- Meteorites and minor bodies; radiometric dating and clues for the formation of the Solar System.
- Giant planets
- Planetary satellites
- Internal structure of planets, different evolution of terrestrial and giant planets.
- Planetary atmospheres
2 Extrasolar Planets Part
- Historical Introduction
- Exo planets Indirect discovery methods
- Exo planets Direct discovery methods
- Exo Planets Characteristics
- Physics of extrasolar Planets
- Characterization and results
- Which Life?
- Habitability and Habitable Zone
- The search for life
3 Common Part
- Introduction to the Planetary formation Theory
( reference books)
- There is no official text of the course. A suggested text is the following: Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer, Planetary Sciences, Cambridge University Press. During the course several scientific review papers will be suggested by the lecturers.
Material
- Course slides
- Scientific papers
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48
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20410097 -
FOTONICA QUANTISTICA
(objectives)
Acquire knowledge of the physics of laser systems and the description of the electromagnetic field in second quantization, with particular emphasis on phenomenological aspects.
-
BARBIERI MARCO
( syllabus)
The physics of laser: blackbody radiation, Einstein equation, interaction of light with a two-level atom, gain and attenuation. Optical transitions in semiconductors. CW and pulsed operation of a laser.
Optical coherence and quantisation of the e.m. field: classical theory of fluctuations, first- and second-order coherence. E.m. field as a harmonic oscillator, quantisation and quantum theory of optical coherence. Number states, coherent states, and thermal states. Interaction picture: beam splitter and squeezing hamiltonians. Homodyne detection and photon counting. Quasi-probability distributions.
( reference books)
R. Loudon, The quantum theory of light. Capp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
O. Svelto, Principles of lasers. Capp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
R. Boyd, Nonlinear optics. Capp. 1, 2, 7
J.S. Bell, Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics. Cap 2
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6
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FIS/03
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48
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20401858 -
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS
(objectives)
Introduce the student to the study of the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on living matter. Lay the foundations of the principles of radiation protection and the therapeutic use of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
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ARAGNO DANILO
( syllabus)
The development of the program will mainly take place using the field study methodology with a guided internship in a Health Physics Unit of a Hospital Company.
Basic topics.
Physical quantities and units of measurement; Typical detectors for diagnostics and therapy with ionizing radiation; Diagnostic and therapy equipment; Principles of dosimetry of radiation beams, calculation and measurement of the dose; notes on the planning of therapeutic treatment plans; Radioactive decays and main radionuclides of medical use and; General principles of radioprotection, the role of images and information systems in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields; Health effects and physical risks in Magnetic Resonance
STAGE program
SECTOR: Physics in Radiotherapy
1) Dosimetry: Dose concept and its measurement.
2) Instrumentation for relative dosimetry: point detectors and bidimensional detectors.
3) Examples of dose measurements in photon beams with different devices.
4) Vision of the Linear Accelerator installations of the Radiotherapy Unit. Description and outline of the principles of operation of a linear accelerator. Vision of the TC installation dedicated to the centering of RT patients.
5) Vision of the systems for treatment plans (TPS) supplied. Illustration of the general principles of a TPS: structure and functions.
6) Realization of a simple treatment plan with an illustration of the fundamental criteria necessary for its setting.
SECTOR: Physics in Diagnostic Imaging
7) Vision Radiiagnostics equipment, examples and illustrations. Description and overview of operating principles.
8) Vision and illustration of the instrumentation and the phantoms used for Quality Controls.
9) Examples of image analysis for the purpose of Quality Controls in MRI and Radiodiagnostics.
SECTOR: Physics in Nuclear Medicine
10) Vision of Nuclear Medicine equipment. Description and overview of operating principles.
11) Mink and illustration of the instrumentation and puppets used for Quality Controls in MN.
12) Examples of image analysis for Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine.
SECTOR: Radiation Protection and Security
13) Vision of an RM SITE: description and outline of the operating principles of an RM system. Safety issues of patients and operators.
14) Instrumentation and dosimetry of personnel exposed to ionizing radiation
( reference books)
- FONDAMENTI DI DOSIMETRIA DELLE RADIAZIONI IONIZZANTI ( IV Edizione)
Raffaele Fedele Laitano
ENEA
http://www.enea.it/it/seguici/pubblicazioni/pdf-volumi/FondamentidosimetriaradiazioniionizzantiIV.pdf
- Altro materiale didattico fornito dal docente
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6
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FIS/07
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48
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20402354 -
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
(objectives)
The course aims to give an overview of modern developments in statistical mechanics. In particular, starting from the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena, we want to show how the concepts underlying the method of the re-normalization group emerged. This method is now widely used in various fields of statistical mechanics. The critical phenomena constitute the classical application of the method, which is illustrated in detail in the first 6 credits of the course. These first 6 credits can therefore be used by multiple addresses. The remaining 2 credits focus on more recent applications of the method in the field of matter physics.
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Derived from
20401425 MECCANICA STATISTICA in Fisica LM-17 N0 LUPI LAURA
( syllabus)
1st module program (6 credits)
Introduction to thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic potentials.
Phase transitions and Van der Waals equation.
Fluctuations and stability.
Linear quantum response theory.
Phase transitions and thermodynamic limit.
Microscopic derivation of the Van der Waals equation.
Critical point behavior of the Van der Waals equation.
Curie-Weiss theory of ferromagnetism.
Landau theory of second species transitions.
Ginzburg criterion for the validity of the middle field theory.
The role of symmetry and dimensionality: the theorem of Mermin-Wagner.
Renormalization team.
Kadanoff-Wilson transformation.
Calculation of fixed points for the Landau-Wilson model and development in epsilon.
( reference books)
Statistical Mechanics and Applications in Condensed Matter
by Carlo Di Castro and Roberto Raimondi
Cambridge University Press 2015
ISBN: 9781107039407
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6
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FIS/02
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60
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20410173 -
Numerical Methods for Differential Equations
(objectives)
To study and implement more advanced numerical approximation techniques, in particular relating to optimization problems and the approximate solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
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Derived from
20410420 AN420 - ANALISI NUMERICA 2 in Scienze Computazionali LM-40 CACACE SIMONE
( syllabus)
Ordinary Differential Equations
Finite difference approximation for ordinary differential equations: Euler's method. Consistency, stability, absolute stability. Second order Runge-Kutta methods.
Single step implicit methods: backward Euler and Crank-Nicolson methods. Convergence of single step methods. Multi-step methods: general structure, complexity, absolute stability. Stability and consistency of multi-step methods. Adams methods, BDF methods, Predictor-Corrector methods. (Reference: Chapter 7 of curse notes "Appunti del corso di Analisi Numerica")
Partial Differential Equations
Finite difference approximation for partial differential equations. Semi-discrete approximations and convergence. The Lax-Richtmeyer theorem. Transport equation: the method of characteristics. The "Upwind" (semi-discrete and fully-discrete) scheme, consistency and stability. Heat equation: Fourier approximation. Finite difference scheme, consistency and stability. Poisson equation: Fourier approximation. Finite difference scheme, convergence. (Reference: notes by R. LeVeque, "Finite Difference methods for differential equations", selected chapters 1, 2, 3, 12, 13)
( reference books)
Roberto Ferretti, "Appunti del corso di Analisi Numerica", in pdf at http://www.mat.uniroma3.it/users/ferretti/corso.pdf
Roberto Ferretti, "Esercizi d'esame di Analisi Numerica", in pdf at http://www.mat.uniroma3.it/users/ferretti/Esercizi.pdf
Lecture slides in pdf at http://www.mat.uniroma3.it/users/ferretti/bacheca.html
Additional notes given by the teacher
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6
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MAT/08
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48
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20402155 -
MEASUREMENTS IN ASTROPHYSICS
(objectives)
Make the student able to analyze, independently and critically, various types of astrophysical data
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DE ROSA Alessandra
( syllabus)
Part I: Astrophysics Problem:
Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxies
1. Definition and classification: BH paradigm, growth, AGN Radio Loud / Radio quiet, Unified Model
2. AGN astrophysics: X-band AGN-RQ properties, emission models: Comptonization, absorption properties and outflows
3. AGN astrophysics: reflection components in the X-band spectrum, observation of relativistic effects in the X-band spectrum
4. Spectra of AGN and Galaxies in the optical and NIR band
Part II: Introduction to X-band and optical detectors and telescopes
1. optical telescopes. Basic principles and techniques of detection
2. X-band detectors: basic principles and detection techniques
3. solid state detectors, Charged Coupled Devices (CCD)
4. collimated and focused optical systems
5. X telescope features: efficiency, sensitivity, energy resolution, angular resolution, effective area
6. The ESA / XMM-Newton, NASA / Chandra and NASA / NuStar space telescopes
Part III: Data Analysis
1. investigation tools: study of energy distribution (emission spectrum), study of temporal behavior (light curve), study of variability (power spectrum and reverberation)
2. statistical errors and systematic errors
3. background
4. S / N signal to noise ratio
5. observation and maximization of the S / N
Part IV: Data analysis tutorial
- XMM-epic session
1. search for archived data
2. Image analysis: DS9
3. spectrum analysis: xspec
4. Temporal analysis: xronos
Part V
- data analysis in optical and NIR band
( reference books)
handouts by the course teacher
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LA FRANCA FABIO
( syllabus)
Part I: Astrophysics Problem:
Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxies
1. Definition and classification: BH paradigm, growth, AGN Radio Loud / Radio quiet, Unified Model
2. AGN astrophysics: X-band AGN-RQ properties, emission models: Comptonization, absorption properties and outflows
3. AGN astrophysics: reflection components in the X-band spectrum, observation of relativistic effects in the X-band spectrum
4. Spectra of AGN and Galaxies in the optical and NIR band
Part II: Introduction to X-band and optical detectors and telescopes
1. optical telescopes. Basic principles and techniques of detection
2. X-band detectors: basic principles and detection techniques
3. solid state detectors, Charged Coupled Devices (CCD)
4. collimated and focused optical systems
5. X telescope features: efficiency, sensitivity, energy resolution, angular resolution, effective area
6. The ESA / XMM-Newton, NASA / Chandra and NASA / NuStar space telescopes
Part III: Data Analysis
1. investigation tools: study of energy distribution (emission spectrum), study of temporal behavior (light curve), study of variability (power spectrum and reverberation)
2. statistical errors and systematic errors
3. background
4. S / N signal to noise ratio
5. observation and maximization of the S / N
Part IV: Data analysis tutorial
- XMM-epic session
1. search for archived data
2. Image analysis: DS9
3. spectrum analysis: xspec
4. Temporal analysis: xronos
Part V
- data analysis in optical and NIR band
( reference books)
handouts by the course teacher
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6
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FIS/05
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48
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20402380 -
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
(objectives)
To provide the fundamental theoretical and experimental knowledge in the field of Ionizing Radiation Physics and Radiometric Methods in Terrestrial and Environmental Physics
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PLASTINO WOLFANGO
( syllabus)
Atoms, Nuclides, and Radionuclides
Radiation sources.
Radiation interactions.
Counting Statistics.
Geochemistry of Radiogenic Isotopes
Mixing Theory.
Origin of Igneous Rock.
Water and Sediment.
The Oceans.
Thermonuclear Radionuclides
Fission Products of Transuranium Elements.
90Sr in the Environment.
137Cs in the Environment.
The 90Sr/137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 241Am in the Arctic Ocean.
General Properties of Radiation Detectors
Ionizing chambers.
Proportional and Geiger-Mueller counters.
Scintillation Detectors.
Germanium Gamma-Ray Detectors.
Geochronometry
The Rb-Sr Method.
The K-Ar Method.
The 40Ar/39Ar Method.
The Sm-Nd Method.
The U-Pb, Th-Pb, and Pb-Pb Methods.
The 14C Method.
The 3H/3He Method.
Application of Tracer Technology to the Environment
Atmospheric Transport Modeling.
Groundwater dynamics.
Nuclear non-proliferation.
( reference books)
Knoll G.F. - Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, 2010 - ISBN:9780470649725
Faure G. and Mensing T.M - Isotopes-Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2004 - ISBN:9780471384373
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48
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20401000 -
PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(objectives)
Provide the student with the fundamentals of modern diagnostic imaging techniques supplemented by some laboratory exercises that allow him to further deepen the topics covered and enter this field subject to advanced research as well as fundamental clinical applications
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FABBRI ANDREA
( syllabus)
1. Interaction of photons and charged particles with matter.
2. Nuclear Medicine principles
3. SPECT and PET techniques.
4. Radiology Principles and Instrumentation.
5. Computed Tomography.
6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
8. Ultrasound Principles and Instrumentation.
9. Radioteraphy and Adroteraphy Principles.
10. Dosimetry Principles.
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6
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FIS/04
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48
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Università Roma Tre