The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

Monetary theory
Functions and forms of money. Value of money, monetary stability and inflation. Money and credit. Interest rate and rate of return on assets. The structure of interest rates. Interest rates, asset pricing and financial markets. Interest rates, exchange rates and movements of capital. Banks and money supply. Money demand and quantitative theory of money. Theories of endogenous money.

Monetary policy and transmission mechanisms
Effectiveness of monetary policy. Neutrality of money and dichotomy in the classical model. Monetary economy. Keynesian models. Monetarist models. The New Consensus in Macroeconomics and the IS-PC-MR model. The objectives of monetary policy. The instruments of monetary policy: mandatory reserves, interest rates, money supply and capital requirements of banks. The mechanisms and channels of transmission of monetary policy.

European monetary policy
The Maastricht Treaty. Independence and governance of the ECB. The ECB's strategy. The intervention instruments of the ECB. Credit risk regulation: from the Basel agreements to the European banking union.

Regulation of financial markets and financial crises
Stability and volatility of the financial markets. Currency crisis and financial crisis. Money and effective demand. Credit cycle and financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007 - 2009. Bank rescue and sovereign debt crisis. Risks of national default and euro crisis. Secular Stagnation and sterilization of monetary policies. Corporate Saving Glut. The excesses of liquidity and the instability of the financial markets.

Bain K., Howells P., Monetary Economics. Policy and its Theoretical Basis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Bain K., Howells P., The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance. A European Text, Pearson Education, 2008.

Mishkin F.S., The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Pearson- Addison Wesley, 2004.

Basic knowledge of inference and linear algebra. Classical linear regression model: basic model assumptions, least squares estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, testing of model parameters, linearity, heteroschedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, endogenous regressors and estimators to instrumental variables, linear prediction, misspecification, stability of regression function.
Fixed-effects and random-effects panel data models. Time series analysis: descriptive aspects, AR, MA, ARMA models, distributed lag models.

Introduzione all’econometria
James H. Stock - Mark W. Watson
Ed. Pearson

Econometria
Marno Verbeek
Ed. Zanichelli

Lecturer's Notes

1 – FINANCIAL VALUATION METHODS AND MODELS
The value and risk categories. Financial valuation methods. Discounted certainty equivalent approach. Discounted certainty equivalent models. On the choice between risky alternatives. Expected utility hypothesis. Option pricing theory. Risk-adjusted discounting method. Risk-adjusted discounting models. Mixed methods.

2 – RISK MANAGEMENT: CRITERIA AND RULES
Formal scheme. Sources and forms of risk. Market risk and credit risk. Stochastic models for market risk: (a brief review of) equity and currency risk, interest rate risk. Interest rate risk management and control. Semi-deterministic financial immunization theory. Stochastic financial immunization theory and hedging logic. Risk measures for the maximum potential loss (VAR, Risk Capital). Banking and insurance regulation and supervision, and risk culture: Basilea 2 and Solvency 2.

Handouts from teacher.

This course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main activities carried out by the banks in the investment banking business. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of the corporate finance transactions. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of bank intermediaries active in the market, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. The segmentation of the banking market
2. The business of corporate & investment banking
3. The structured finance operations: the project finance
4. The leveraged buy-out
5. The securitization
6. The equity capital market services
7. The venture capital activity
8. The listing of companies and the role of financial intermediaries
9. The credit operations: from traditional formulas to complex structures
10. The bank-firm relationship

Fleuriet M. (2018), Investment banking explained: An insider’s guide to the industry, second edition, McGraw-Hill Education.

Interest rate risk: repricing gap, duration gap e clumping
Liquidity risk
Market Risk di: Value at Risk (VaR) parametric and simulation and Expected Shortfall
Credit risk: Scoring, Market based models, Portfolio models
Credit risk: Recovery rate, Loss Given Default
Internal rating models
Reputational risk
Operational risk
Cyber Risk
Systemic risk
Banking regulation: Basel I and Basel III

A. Resti e A. Sironi, Risk management and value creation in banks, Milano, EGEA, 2008 (RS)

MODULE 1
1 A rapid introduction to MATLAB
1.1 MATLAB basics: Preliminary elements; Variable assignment; Workspace; Arithmetic operations; Vectors and matrices; Standard operations of linear algebra; Element-by-element multiplication and division; Colon (:) operator; Predefined function; inline Function; Anonymous Function.
1.2 M-file: Script and Function
1.3 Programming fundamentals: if, else, and elseif scheme; for loops; while loops
1.4 Matlab graphics
1.5 Preliminary exercises on programming
1.6 Exercises on the financial evaluation basics

MODULE 2
2 Preliminary elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
2.1 Random variables
2.2 Probability distributions
2.3 Continuous random variable
2.4 Higher-order moments and synthetic indices of a distribution
2.5 Some probability distributions: Uniform, Normal, Log-normal, Chi-square, Student-t
3 Linear and Non-linear Programming
3.1 Some Matlab built-in functions for optimization problems
3.2 Multi-objective optimization: Determining the efficient frontier
4 Portfolio Optimization
4.1 Portfolio of equities: Prices and returns
4.2 Risk-return analysis: Mean-Variance; Effects of the diversification in an Equally Weighted portfolio; Mean-MAD; Mean-MinMax; VaR; Mean-CVaR; Mean-Gini portfolios
4.3 Bond portfolio immunization

MODULE 3
5 Further elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
5.1 Introduction to the Monte Carlo simulation
5.2 Stochastic processes: Brownian motion; Ito’s Lemma; Geometrical Brownian motion
6 Pricing of derivatives with an underlying security
6.1 Binomial model (CRR): A replicating portfolio of stocks and bonds; Calibration of the model; Multi-period case
6.2 Black-Scholes model: Assumptions of the model; Pricing of a European call; Pricing equation for a call; Implied Volatility
6.3 Option Pricing with Monte Carlo Method: Solution in integral form; Path Dependent Derivatives

F Cesarone (2020), Computational Finance. MATLAB oriented modeling, Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management, ISBN 978-0-367-49303-5
https://www.giappichelli.it/computational-finance

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

Monetary theory
Functions and forms of money. Value of money, monetary stability and inflation. Money and credit. Interest rate and rate of return on assets. The structure of interest rates. Interest rates, asset pricing and financial markets. Interest rates, exchange rates and movements of capital. Banks and money supply. Money demand and quantitative theory of money. Theories of endogenous money.

Monetary policy and transmission mechanisms
Effectiveness of monetary policy. Neutrality of money and dichotomy in the classical model. Monetary economy. Keynesian models. Monetarist models. The New Consensus in Macroeconomics and the IS-PC-MR model. The objectives of monetary policy. The instruments of monetary policy: mandatory reserves, interest rates, money supply and capital requirements of banks. The mechanisms and channels of transmission of monetary policy.

European monetary policy
The Maastricht Treaty. Independence and governance of the ECB. The ECB's strategy. The intervention instruments of the ECB. Credit risk regulation: from the Basel agreements to the European banking union.

Regulation of financial markets and financial crises
Stability and volatility of the financial markets. Currency crisis and financial crisis. Money and effective demand. Credit cycle and financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007 - 2009. Bank rescue and sovereign debt crisis. Risks of national default and euro crisis. Secular Stagnation and sterilization of monetary policies. Corporate Saving Glut. The excesses of liquidity and the instability of the financial markets.

Bain K., Howells P., Monetary Economics. Policy and its Theoretical Basis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Bain K., Howells P., The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance. A European Text, Pearson Education, 2008.

Mishkin F.S., The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Pearson- Addison Wesley, 2004.

Basic knowledge of inference and linear algebra. Classical linear regression model: basic model assumptions, least squares estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, testing of model parameters, linearity, heteroschedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, endogenous regressors and estimators to instrumental variables, linear prediction, misspecification, stability of regression function.
Fixed-effects and random-effects panel data models. Time series analysis: descriptive aspects, AR, MA, ARMA models, distributed lag models.

Introduzione all’econometria
James H. Stock - Mark W. Watson
Ed. Pearson

Econometria
Marno Verbeek
Ed. Zanichelli

Lecturer's Notes

1 – FINANCIAL VALUATION METHODS AND MODELS
The value and risk categories. Financial valuation methods. Discounted certainty equivalent approach. Discounted certainty equivalent models. On the choice between risky alternatives. Expected utility hypothesis. Option pricing theory. Risk-adjusted discounting method. Risk-adjusted discounting models. Mixed methods.

2 – RISK MANAGEMENT: CRITERIA AND RULES
Formal scheme. Sources and forms of risk. Market risk and credit risk. Stochastic models for market risk: (a brief review of) equity and currency risk, interest rate risk. Interest rate risk management and control. Semi-deterministic financial immunization theory. Stochastic financial immunization theory and hedging logic. Risk measures for the maximum potential loss (VAR, Risk Capital). Banking and insurance regulation and supervision, and risk culture: Basilea 2 and Solvency 2.

Handouts from teacher.

This course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main activities carried out by the banks in the investment banking business. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of the corporate finance transactions. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of bank intermediaries active in the market, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. The segmentation of the banking market
2. The business of corporate & investment banking
3. The structured finance operations: the project finance
4. The leveraged buy-out
5. The securitization
6. The equity capital market services
7. The venture capital activity
8. The listing of companies and the role of financial intermediaries
9. The credit operations: from traditional formulas to complex structures
10. The bank-firm relationship

Fleuriet M. (2018), Investment banking explained: An insider’s guide to the industry, second edition, McGraw-Hill Education.

Interest rate risk: repricing gap, duration gap e clumping
Liquidity risk
Market Risk di: Value at Risk (VaR) parametric and simulation and Expected Shortfall
Credit risk: Scoring, Market based models, Portfolio models
Credit risk: Recovery rate, Loss Given Default
Internal rating models
Reputational risk
Operational risk
Cyber Risk
Systemic risk
Banking regulation: Basel I and Basel III

A. Resti e A. Sironi, Risk management and value creation in banks, Milano, EGEA, 2008 (RS)

MODULE 1
1 A rapid introduction to MATLAB
1.1 MATLAB basics: Preliminary elements; Variable assignment; Workspace; Arithmetic operations; Vectors and matrices; Standard operations of linear algebra; Element-by-element multiplication and division; Colon (:) operator; Predefined function; inline Function; Anonymous Function.
1.2 M-file: Script and Function
1.3 Programming fundamentals: if, else, and elseif scheme; for loops; while loops
1.4 Matlab graphics
1.5 Preliminary exercises on programming
1.6 Exercises on the financial evaluation basics

MODULE 2
2 Preliminary elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
2.1 Random variables
2.2 Probability distributions
2.3 Continuous random variable
2.4 Higher-order moments and synthetic indices of a distribution
2.5 Some probability distributions: Uniform, Normal, Log-normal, Chi-square, Student-t
3 Linear and Non-linear Programming
3.1 Some Matlab built-in functions for optimization problems
3.2 Multi-objective optimization: Determining the efficient frontier
4 Portfolio Optimization
4.1 Portfolio of equities: Prices and returns
4.2 Risk-return analysis: Mean-Variance; Effects of the diversification in an Equally Weighted portfolio; Mean-MAD; Mean-MinMax; VaR; Mean-CVaR; Mean-Gini portfolios
4.3 Bond portfolio immunization

MODULE 3
5 Further elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
5.1 Introduction to the Monte Carlo simulation
5.2 Stochastic processes: Brownian motion; Ito’s Lemma; Geometrical Brownian motion
6 Pricing of derivatives with an underlying security
6.1 Binomial model (CRR): A replicating portfolio of stocks and bonds; Calibration of the model; Multi-period case
6.2 Black-Scholes model: Assumptions of the model; Pricing of a European call; Pricing equation for a call; Implied Volatility
6.3 Option Pricing with Monte Carlo Method: Solution in integral form; Path Dependent Derivatives

F Cesarone (2020), Computational Finance. MATLAB oriented modeling, Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management, ISBN 978-0-367-49303-5
https://www.giappichelli.it/computational-finance

Monetary theory
Functions and forms of money. Value of money, monetary stability and inflation. Money and credit. Interest rate and rate of return on assets. The structure of interest rates. Interest rates, asset pricing and financial markets. Interest rates, exchange rates and movements of capital. Banks and money supply. Money demand and quantitative theory of money. Theories of endogenous money.

Monetary policy and transmission mechanisms
Effectiveness of monetary policy. Neutrality of money and dichotomy in the classical model. Monetary economy. Keynesian models. Monetarist models. The New Consensus in Macroeconomics and the IS-PC-MR model. The objectives of monetary policy. The instruments of monetary policy: mandatory reserves, interest rates, money supply and capital requirements of banks. The mechanisms and channels of transmission of monetary policy.

European monetary policy
The Maastricht Treaty. Independence and governance of the ECB. The ECB's strategy. The intervention instruments of the ECB. Credit risk regulation: from the Basel agreements to the European banking union.

Regulation of financial markets and financial crises
Stability and volatility of the financial markets. Currency crisis and financial crisis. Money and effective demand. Credit cycle and financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007 - 2009. Bank rescue and sovereign debt crisis. Risks of national default and euro crisis. Secular Stagnation and sterilization of monetary policies. Corporate Saving Glut. The excesses of liquidity and the instability of the financial markets.

Bain K., Howells P., Monetary Economics. Policy and its Theoretical Basis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Bain K., Howells P., The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance. A European Text, Pearson Education, 2008.

Mishkin F.S., The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Pearson- Addison Wesley, 2004.

AA.VV, Diritto del governo societario, diretto da M. Irrera, second edition, 2020, Giappichelli, da p. 1 a p. 628

The course content can be broken down into several lesson blocks, the duration of which depends on the level of preparation of the students and their familiarity with the basic economics concepts

I block:
The study of public financial activity and the functions of the State. First and second theorem of welfare economics.
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 1,2,3

Block II:
Public goods and externalities
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 4 and 5

III block:
Introduction to the economy of taxes. The classification and the effects of taxes. Tax Translation and Incidence Theory
Text: Rosen, Gayer, Chapter 14

IV block:
tax efficiency; the tradeoff between equity and efficiency; personal taxes and individual behavior
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 15, 16, 17, 18

V block:
Taxes on corporations, consumption and wealth
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapter 19 and 21

Rosen, H.S., Gayer T. Public finance. Global edition. McGraw Hill, Last Edition

Descriptive statistics:
variables and their measurement, univariate distributions, describing data with tables and graphs, measures of position, variability.
Bivariate descriptive statistics: independence, association, correlation, probability distributions for discrete and continuous variables, sampling distributions
Inference: estimation, hypothesis test, regression

A. Agresti, B. Finlay. Statistical methods for the social sciences. Pearson International Edition-4th edition (2009)

The course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main functions of the financial system. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of financial instruments and markets. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of financial intermediaries, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. Real economy, financial system and financial intermediation
2. Theory of financial intermediation
3. Financial instruments
4. Financial markets
5. Banking
6. Investment services and asset management
7. Insurance
8. Payment systems
9. Risks in financial intermediation
10. Regulation and supervision
11. Monetary policy

Mishkin F.S., Eakins S.G. (2023), Financial Markets and Institutions, tenth edition, Pearson.

Introduction.
Banking intermediation theories
The real system and the financial system
Functions and structure of the financial system
The typical risks of financial intermediaries (1)
The typical risks of financial intermediaries (2)
Financial instruments and their classification
Payment instruments
Debt instruments elements of yield and risk assessment
Debt instruments: review
Participation instruments
Insurance instruments and derivative instruments
Insurance instruments and derivative instruments: review
Financial markets.
The architecture of financial supervision
Securities intermediation and its regulation
Securities intermediation and its regulation

Nadotti, L., Porzio, C., Previati, D. (2022). Economia degli intermediari finanziari. McGraw-Hill, Quarta Edizione

This course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main activities carried out by the banks in the investment banking business. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of the corporate finance transactions. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of bank intermediaries active in the market, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. The segmentation of the banking market
2. The business of corporate & investment banking
3. The structured finance operations: the project finance
4. The leveraged buy-out
5. The securitization
6. The equity capital market services
7. The venture capital activity
8. The listing of companies and the role of financial intermediaries
9. The credit operations: from traditional formulas to complex structures
10. The bank-firm relationship

Fleuriet M. (2018), Investment banking explained: An insider’s guide to the industry, second edition, McGraw-Hill Education.

1. PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS Money, time and risks. Present and future value, principal and interest. Contracts, exchange, prices. The risks.

2. FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL CONTRACTS EVALUATION
2.1 EVALUATION IN CERTAINTY CONDITIONS Financial laws in certainty conditions. The exponential law. Annuities and mortgages. Internal rate of return on a financial transaction. Theory of financial equivalence laws.
2.2 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN THE MARKET. Value function and market price. The term structure. Duration indices and variability indices. Arbitrage valuations of floating rate notes. Interest Rate Swap. Term structure measurement. Term structure evolution. Introduction to financial options. Basic elements on equity options. Basic elements on traditional life insurance contracts.

David G. Luenberger
Investment Science
Oxford University Press (any edition)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer, 2011

1. PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS Money, time and risks. Present and future value, principal and interest. Contracts, exchange, prices. The risks.

2. FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL CONTRACTS VALUATION
2.1 VALUATION IN CERTAINTY CONDITIONS Financial laws under certainty conditions. The exponential law. Annuities and mortgages. Internal rate of return of a financial transaction. Theory of financial laws.
2.2 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN THE MARKET. Value function and market price. The term structure. Duration indices and variability indices. Arbitrage valuation of floating rate notes. Interest Rate Swap. Term structure measurement. Term structure evolution. Introduction to financial options. Basic elements on equity options. Basic elements on traditional life insurance contracts.

David G. Luenberger
Investment Science
Oxford University Press (any edition)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer, 2011

Monetary theory
Functions and forms of money. Value of money, monetary stability and inflation. Money and credit. Interest rate and rate of return on assets. The structure of interest rates. Interest rates, asset pricing and financial markets. Interest rates, exchange rates and movements of capital. Banks and money supply. Money demand and quantitative theory of money. Theories of endogenous money.

Monetary policy and transmission mechanisms
Effectiveness of monetary policy. Neutrality of money and dichotomy in the classical model. Monetary economy. Keynesian models. Monetarist models. The New Consensus in Macroeconomics and the IS-PC-MR model. The objectives of monetary policy. The instruments of monetary policy: mandatory reserves, interest rates, money supply and capital requirements of banks. The mechanisms and channels of transmission of monetary policy.

European monetary policy
The Maastricht Treaty. Independence and governance of the ECB. The ECB's strategy. The intervention instruments of the ECB. Credit risk regulation: from the Basel agreements to the European banking union.

Regulation of financial markets and financial crises
Stability and volatility of the financial markets. Currency crisis and financial crisis. Money and effective demand. Credit cycle and financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007 - 2009. Bank rescue and sovereign debt crisis. Risks of national default and euro crisis. Secular Stagnation and sterilization of monetary policies. Corporate Saving Glut. The excesses of liquidity and the instability of the financial markets.

Bain K., Howells P., Monetary Economics. Policy and its Theoretical Basis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Bain K., Howells P., The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance. A European Text, Pearson Education, 2008.

Mishkin F.S., The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Pearson- Addison Wesley, 2004.

AA.VV, Diritto del governo societario, diretto da M. Irrera, second edition, 2020, Giappichelli, da p. 1 a p. 628

The course content can be broken down into several lesson blocks, the duration of which depends on the level of preparation of the students and their familiarity with the basic economics concepts

I block:
The study of public financial activity and the functions of the State. First and second theorem of welfare economics.
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 1,2,3

Block II:
Public goods and externalities
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 4 and 5

III block:
Introduction to the economy of taxes. The classification and the effects of taxes. Tax Translation and Incidence Theory
Text: Rosen, Gayer, Chapter 14

IV block:
tax efficiency; the tradeoff between equity and efficiency; personal taxes and individual behavior
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapters 15, 16, 17, 18

V block:
Taxes on corporations, consumption and wealth
Text: Rosen, Gayer, chapter 19 and 21

Rosen, H.S., Gayer T. Public finance. Global edition. McGraw Hill, Last Edition

Descriptive statistics:
variables and their measurement, univariate distributions, describing data with tables and graphs, measures of position, variability.
Bivariate descriptive statistics: independence, association, correlation, probability distributions for discrete and continuous variables, sampling distributions
Inference: estimation, hypothesis test, regression

A. Agresti, B. Finlay. Statistical methods for the social sciences. Pearson International Edition-4th edition (2009)

The course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main functions of the financial system. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of financial instruments and markets. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of financial intermediaries, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. Real economy, financial system and financial intermediation
2. Theory of financial intermediation
3. Financial instruments
4. Financial markets
5. Banking
6. Investment services and asset management
7. Insurance
8. Payment systems
9. Risks in financial intermediation
10. Regulation and supervision
11. Monetary policy

Mishkin F.S., Eakins S.G. (2023), Financial Markets and Institutions, tenth edition, Pearson.

Introduction.
Banking intermediation theories
The real system and the financial system
Functions and structure of the financial system
The typical risks of financial intermediaries (1)
The typical risks of financial intermediaries (2)
Financial instruments and their classification
Payment instruments
Debt instruments elements of yield and risk assessment
Debt instruments: review
Participation instruments
Insurance instruments and derivative instruments
Insurance instruments and derivative instruments: review
Financial markets.
The architecture of financial supervision
Securities intermediation and its regulation
Securities intermediation and its regulation

Nadotti, L., Porzio, C., Previati, D. (2022). Economia degli intermediari finanziari. McGraw-Hill, Quarta Edizione

This course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main activities carried out by the banks in the investment banking business. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of the corporate finance transactions. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of bank intermediaries active in the market, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. The segmentation of the banking market
2. The business of corporate & investment banking
3. The structured finance operations: the project finance
4. The leveraged buy-out
5. The securitization
6. The equity capital market services
7. The venture capital activity
8. The listing of companies and the role of financial intermediaries
9. The credit operations: from traditional formulas to complex structures
10. The bank-firm relationship

Fleuriet M. (2018), Investment banking explained: An insider’s guide to the industry, second edition, McGraw-Hill Education.

1. PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS Money, time and risks. Present and future value, principal and interest. Contracts, exchange, prices. The risks.

2. FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL CONTRACTS EVALUATION
2.1 EVALUATION IN CERTAINTY CONDITIONS Financial laws in certainty conditions. The exponential law. Annuities and mortgages. Internal rate of return on a financial transaction. Theory of financial equivalence laws.
2.2 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN THE MARKET. Value function and market price. The term structure. Duration indices and variability indices. Arbitrage valuations of floating rate notes. Interest Rate Swap. Term structure measurement. Term structure evolution. Introduction to financial options. Basic elements on equity options. Basic elements on traditional life insurance contracts.

David G. Luenberger
Investment Science
Oxford University Press (any edition)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer, 2011

1. PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS Money, time and risks. Present and future value, principal and interest. Contracts, exchange, prices. The risks.

2. FOUNDATIONS OF FINANCIAL CONTRACTS VALUATION
2.1 VALUATION IN CERTAINTY CONDITIONS Financial laws under certainty conditions. The exponential law. Annuities and mortgages. Internal rate of return of a financial transaction. Theory of financial laws.
2.2 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN THE MARKET. Value function and market price. The term structure. Duration indices and variability indices. Arbitrage valuation of floating rate notes. Interest Rate Swap. Term structure measurement. Term structure evolution. Introduction to financial options. Basic elements on equity options. Basic elements on traditional life insurance contracts.

David G. Luenberger
Investment Science
Oxford University Press (any edition)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer, 2011

1. Introduction (2 hours)
1.1 Premises for a comparative study
1.2 Forms of fund channelling
1.3 Classification of financial systems
 
2. The Historical Development of Financial Systems (2 hours)
2.1 The first stages of financial systems
2.2 Credit vs mutual aid
2.3 Early Financial Systems
2.4 The birth of modern financial systems

3. Today’s financial institutions and financial markets (4 hours)
3.1 Money capital and interest bearing capital
3.2Kinds of financial institutions
3.3 Banks and creation of liquidity
3.4 Banking and maturity transformation
3.5 Shadow banking
3.6 Mutual and pension funds
3.7 Major changes in today’s financial systems

4. Interest bearing capital and the conflict between industrial profit and financial rents (2 hours)

5. Central banks, money markets and monetary policies (2 hours)
5.1 The evolution of central banks
5.2 Different kinds of financial regulation
5.3 Money markets and monetary policy

6. Intertemporal choices and The ADM model (2 hours)

7. The Limitations of Markets (2 hours)

8. The role of Corporate Governance (4 hours)

9. Self-financing (2 hours)

10. Corporate saving (2 hours)

11. Financialisation of NFCs (4 hours)

12. Liquidity holding and financial crises (2 hours)

13. Bubbles, crises and other financial troubles (6 hours)

14. Market-oriented systems (8 hours)
14.1 The UK financial system
14.2 The US financial system

15. Bank-oriented Systems (8 hours)
15.1 The German financial system
15.2 The French financial system
15.3 The Eurozone and the Banking Union
15.4 The Japanese financial system

16. Financial systems in emerging countries (8 hours)

Scarano G., Financialisation and Macroeconomics. The impact on Social welfare in Advanced Economies, Routledge, 2023.

Allen F., Gale D, Comparing Financial Systems, MIT Press, 2000.

(Actuarial Sciences)

The Mathematics of Compound Interest
The Future Lifetime of a Life Aged x
Life Insurance
Life Annuities
Net Premiums
Net Premium Reserves

(ACTUARIAL SCIENCES)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Hans U. Gerber
Life Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Specific topics covered during the course:

INTRODUCTION
The stakeholders and the company’s disclosure (financial statements and sustainability information)
Governance and Risk Disclosure

TYPES OF RISKS, GOVERNANCE & RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk definition,
Governance & risk: the new code of Governance
The basic processes of Risk Management
Approaches, methods and techniques used to manage risk
The different kinds of risk
Strategic risks, operational risks, financial risks, credit risks, liquidity risks
Financial and Non-financial risks
Insurance risk and other risks,

RISKS ANALYSIS BY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Italian jurisdiction about financial statements (Civil Code and IAS/IFRS),
structure of the Financial Reporting by different companies ( i.e. Hight Tech Co.; Banks) and in different jurisdictions,
risks disclosure in financial statements: risks reports

RISKS ANALYSIS BY SUSTAINABILITY INORMATION
CSR and sustainaibility disclosure
environmental, social and governance (ESG) and climate change-related information
Non-financial statement: scope, content and publication, European Commission Action Plan
Non-financial key performance indicators and main standards
ESG ratings
Specific topics: ITC, cyber security

Slides and links to other sources will be available on the website.

The main contents of the course are:

Financial intermediation
Banking risks
Bank assets
The funding of the bank
Financial crises
Bank regulation
Financial innovation
Climate change and changing world
Building a sustainable financial system: global responses
Green and sustainable finance: monitoring, measuring and reporting
Climate, enviromental and sustainability risks
The role of banking
Green and sustainable bonds
Central and development banks
Responsible and sustainable investment
Studies on sustainable banking
The role of insurance
Green and sustainable FinTech

Greenbaum, S.I., Thakor, A.V. and Boot, A.W.A., 2019, Contemporary financial intermediation, fourth edition (chapters 1-4, 7, 12, 14-17)

Thompson, S., 2023, Green and Sustainable Finance. Principles and Practice in Banking, Investment and Insurance, second edition

Financial intermediation
Banking risks
Bank assets
The funding of the bank
Financial crises
Bank regulation
Financial innovation
Climate change and changing world
Building a sustainable financial system: global responses
Green and sustainable finance: monitoring, measuring and reporting
Climate, enviromental and sustainability risks
The role of banking
Green and sustainable bonds
Central and development banks
Responsible and sustainable investment
Studies on sustainable banking
The role of insurance
Green and sustainable FinTech

Greenbaum, S.I., Thakor, A.V. and Boot, A.W.A., 2019, Contemporary financial intermediation, fourth edition (chapters 1-4, 7, 12, 14-17)

Thompson, S., 2023, Green and Sustainable Finance. Principles and Practice in Banking, Investment and Insurance, second edition

MODULE 1
1 A rapid introduction to MATLAB
1.1 MATLAB basics: Preliminary elements; Variable assignment; Workspace; Arithmetic operations; Vectors and matrices; Standard operations of linear algebra; Element-by-element multiplication and division; Colon (:) operator; Predefined function; inline Function; Anonymous Function.
1.2 M-file: Script and Function
1.3 Programming fundamentals: if, else, and elseif scheme; for loops; while loops
1.4 Matlab graphics
1.5 Preliminary exercises on programming
1.6 Exercises on the financial evaluation basics

MODULE 2
2 Preliminary elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
2.1 Random variables
2.2 Probability distributions
2.3 Continuous random variable
2.4 Higher-order moments and synthetic indices of a distribution
2.5 Some probability distributions: Uniform, Normal, Log-normal, Chi-square, Student-t
3 Linear and Non-linear Programming
3.1 Some Matlab built-in functions for optimization problems
3.2 Multi-objective optimization: Determining the efficient frontier
4 Portfolio Optimization
4.1 Portfolio of equities: Prices and returns
4.2 Risk-return analysis: Mean-Variance; Effects of the diversification in an Equally Weighted portfolio; Mean-MAD; Mean-MinMax; VaR; Mean-CVaR; Mean-Gini portfolios
4.3 Bond portfolio immunization

MODULE 3
5 Further elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
5.1 Introduction to the Monte Carlo simulation
5.2 Stochastic processes: Brownian motion; Ito’s Lemma; Geometrical Brownian motion
6 Pricing of derivatives with an underlying security
6.1 Binomial model (CRR): A replicating portfolio of stocks and bonds; Calibration of the model; Multi-period case
6.2 Black-Scholes model: Assumptions of the model; Pricing of a European call; Pricing equation for a call; Implied Volatility
6.3 Option Pricing with Monte Carlo Method: Solution in integral form; Path Dependent Derivatives

F Cesarone (2020), Computational Finance. MATLAB oriented modeling, Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management, ISBN 978-0-367-49303-5
https://www.giappichelli.it/computational-finance

1. Introduction (2 hours)
1.1 Premises for a comparative study
1.2 Forms of fund channelling
1.3 Classification of financial systems
 
2. The Historical Development of Financial Systems (2 hours)
2.1 The first stages of financial systems
2.2 Credit vs mutual aid
2.3 Early Financial Systems
2.4 The birth of modern financial systems

3. Today’s financial institutions and financial markets (4 hours)
3.1 Money capital and interest bearing capital
3.2Kinds of financial institutions
3.3 Banks and creation of liquidity
3.4 Banking and maturity transformation
3.5 Shadow banking
3.6 Mutual and pension funds
3.7 Major changes in today’s financial systems

4. Interest bearing capital and the conflict between industrial profit and financial rents (2 hours)

5. Central banks, money markets and monetary policies (2 hours)
5.1 The evolution of central banks
5.2 Different kinds of financial regulation
5.3 Money markets and monetary policy

6. Intertemporal choices and The ADM model (2 hours)

7. The Limitations of Markets (2 hours)

8. The role of Corporate Governance (4 hours)

9. Self-financing (2 hours)

10. Corporate saving (2 hours)

11. Financialisation of NFCs (4 hours)

12. Liquidity holding and financial crises (2 hours)

13. Bubbles, crises and other financial troubles (6 hours)

14. Market-oriented systems (8 hours)
14.1 The UK financial system
14.2 The US financial system

15. Bank-oriented Systems (8 hours)
15.1 The German financial system
15.2 The French financial system
15.3 The Eurozone and the Banking Union
15.4 The Japanese financial system

16. Financial systems in emerging countries (8 hours)

Scarano G., Financialisation and Macroeconomics. The impact on Social welfare in Advanced Economies, Routledge, 2023.

Allen F., Gale D, Comparing Financial Systems, MIT Press, 2000.

(Actuarial Sciences)

The Mathematics of Compound Interest
The Future Lifetime of a Life Aged x
Life Insurance
Life Annuities
Net Premiums
Net Premium Reserves

(ACTUARIAL SCIENCES)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Hans U. Gerber
Life Insurance Mathematics
Springer

(Actuarial Sciences)

The Mathematics of Compound Interest
The Future Lifetime of a Life Aged x
Life Insurance
Life Annuities
Net Premiums
Net Premium Reserves

(ACTUARIAL SCIENCES)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Hans U. Gerber
Life Insurance Mathematics
Springer

(Actuarial Sciences)

The Mathematics of Compound Interest
The Future Lifetime of a Life Aged x
Life Insurance
Life Annuities
Net Premiums
Net Premium Reserves

(ACTUARIAL SCIENCES)

Annamaria Olivieri, Ermanno Pitacco
Introduction to Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Hans U. Gerber
Life Insurance Mathematics
Springer

Specific topics covered during the course:

INTRODUCTION
The stakeholders and the company’s disclosure (financial statements and sustainability information)
Governance and Risk Disclosure

TYPES OF RISKS, GOVERNANCE & RISK, RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk definition,
Governance & risk: the new code of Governance
The basic processes of Risk Management
Approaches, methods and techniques used to manage risk
The different kinds of risk
Strategic risks, operational risks, financial risks, credit risks, liquidity risks
Financial and Non-financial risks
Insurance risk and other risks,

RISKS ANALYSIS BY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Italian jurisdiction about financial statements (Civil Code and IAS/IFRS),
structure of the Financial Reporting by different companies ( i.e. Hight Tech Co.; Banks) and in different jurisdictions,
risks disclosure in financial statements: risks reports

RISKS ANALYSIS BY SUSTAINABILITY INORMATION
CSR and sustainaibility disclosure
environmental, social and governance (ESG) and climate change-related information
Non-financial statement: scope, content and publication, European Commission Action Plan
Non-financial key performance indicators and main standards
ESG ratings
Specific topics: ITC, cyber security

Slides and links to other sources will be available on the website.

The main contents of the course are:

Financial intermediation
Banking risks
Bank assets
The funding of the bank
Financial crises
Bank regulation
Financial innovation
Climate change and changing world
Building a sustainable financial system: global responses
Green and sustainable finance: monitoring, measuring and reporting
Climate, enviromental and sustainability risks
The role of banking
Green and sustainable bonds
Central and development banks
Responsible and sustainable investment
Studies on sustainable banking
The role of insurance
Green and sustainable FinTech

Greenbaum, S.I., Thakor, A.V. and Boot, A.W.A., 2019, Contemporary financial intermediation, fourth edition (chapters 1-4, 7, 12, 14-17)

Thompson, S., 2023, Green and Sustainable Finance. Principles and Practice in Banking, Investment and Insurance, second edition

MODULE 1
1 A rapid introduction to MATLAB
1.1 MATLAB basics: Preliminary elements; Variable assignment; Workspace; Arithmetic operations; Vectors and matrices; Standard operations of linear algebra; Element-by-element multiplication and division; Colon (:) operator; Predefined function; inline Function; Anonymous Function.
1.2 M-file: Script and Function
1.3 Programming fundamentals: if, else, and elseif scheme; for loops; while loops
1.4 Matlab graphics
1.5 Preliminary exercises on programming
1.6 Exercises on the financial evaluation basics

MODULE 2
2 Preliminary elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
2.1 Random variables
2.2 Probability distributions
2.3 Continuous random variable
2.4 Higher-order moments and synthetic indices of a distribution
2.5 Some probability distributions: Uniform, Normal, Log-normal, Chi-square, Student-t
3 Linear and Non-linear Programming
3.1 Some Matlab built-in functions for optimization problems
3.2 Multi-objective optimization: Determining the efficient frontier
4 Portfolio Optimization
4.1 Portfolio of equities: Prices and returns
4.2 Risk-return analysis: Mean-Variance; Effects of the diversification in an Equally Weighted portfolio; Mean-MAD; Mean-MinMax; VaR; Mean-CVaR; Mean-Gini portfolios
4.3 Bond portfolio immunization

MODULE 3
5 Further elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
5.1 Introduction to the Monte Carlo simulation
5.2 Stochastic processes: Brownian motion; Ito’s Lemma; Geometrical Brownian motion
6 Pricing of derivatives with an underlying security
6.1 Binomial model (CRR): A replicating portfolio of stocks and bonds; Calibration of the model; Multi-period case
6.2 Black-Scholes model: Assumptions of the model; Pricing of a European call; Pricing equation for a call; Implied Volatility
6.3 Option Pricing with Monte Carlo Method: Solution in integral form; Path Dependent Derivatives

F Cesarone (2020), Computational Finance. MATLAB oriented modeling, Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management, ISBN 978-0-367-49303-5
https://www.giappichelli.it/computational-finance

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

The course will focus on the fundamental problems of public economics in their domestic and European dimension. In particular, the following will be studied:

1. Public expenditure for the welfare state, with reference to the following topics: pension systems; healthcare; instruction; assistance; anti-poverty programmes;
2. Public intervention in public utility services of an industrial nature and market regulation mechanisms;
3. Fiscal policy in the Economic and Monetary Union
4. The decentralization of taxes and spending powers

1. Bosi P. (2023), Corso di scienza delle finanze, nona edizione, Il Mulino, Bologna. Capitoli IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

2. For attending students, additional material may be distributed by the teacher during the lessons

Monetary theory
Functions and forms of money. Value of money, monetary stability and inflation. Money and credit. Interest rate and rate of return on assets. The structure of interest rates. Interest rates, asset pricing and financial markets. Interest rates, exchange rates and movements of capital. Banks and money supply. Money demand and quantitative theory of money. Theories of endogenous money.

Monetary policy and transmission mechanisms
Effectiveness of monetary policy. Neutrality of money and dichotomy in the classical model. Monetary economy. Keynesian models. Monetarist models. The New Consensus in Macroeconomics and the IS-PC-MR model. The objectives of monetary policy. The instruments of monetary policy: mandatory reserves, interest rates, money supply and capital requirements of banks. The mechanisms and channels of transmission of monetary policy.

European monetary policy
The Maastricht Treaty. Independence and governance of the ECB. The ECB's strategy. The intervention instruments of the ECB. Credit risk regulation: from the Basel agreements to the European banking union.

Regulation of financial markets and financial crises
Stability and volatility of the financial markets. Currency crisis and financial crisis. Money and effective demand. Credit cycle and financial crises. The financial crisis of 2007 - 2009. Bank rescue and sovereign debt crisis. Risks of national default and euro crisis. Secular Stagnation and sterilization of monetary policies. Corporate Saving Glut. The excesses of liquidity and the instability of the financial markets.

Bain K., Howells P., Monetary Economics. Policy and its Theoretical Basis, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Bain K., Howells P., The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance. A European Text, Pearson Education, 2008.

Mishkin F.S., The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Pearson- Addison Wesley, 2004.

Basic knowledge of inference and linear algebra. Classical linear regression model: basic model assumptions, least squares estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, testing of model parameters, linearity, heteroschedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, endogenous regressors and estimators to instrumental variables, linear prediction, misspecification, stability of regression function.
Fixed-effects and random-effects panel data models. Time series analysis: descriptive aspects, AR, MA, ARMA models, distributed lag models.

Introduzione all’econometria
James H. Stock - Mark W. Watson
Ed. Pearson

Econometria
Marno Verbeek
Ed. Zanichelli

Lecturer's Notes

1 – FINANCIAL VALUATION METHODS AND MODELS
The value and risk categories. Financial valuation methods. Discounted certainty equivalent approach. Discounted certainty equivalent models. On the choice between risky alternatives. Expected utility hypothesis. Option pricing theory. Risk-adjusted discounting method. Risk-adjusted discounting models. Mixed methods.

2 – RISK MANAGEMENT: CRITERIA AND RULES
Formal scheme. Sources and forms of risk. Market risk and credit risk. Stochastic models for market risk: (a brief review of) equity and currency risk, interest rate risk. Interest rate risk management and control. Semi-deterministic financial immunization theory. Stochastic financial immunization theory and hedging logic. Risk measures for the maximum potential loss (VAR, Risk Capital). Banking and insurance regulation and supervision, and risk culture: Basilea 2 and Solvency 2.

Handouts from teacher.

This course aims, first of all, to provide an overview of the role and the main activities carried out by the banks in the investment banking business. The central part of the course is dedicated to an analysis of the technical characteristics and of the economic and management profiles of the corporate finance transactions. Finally, the course presents the objectives as well as the organization and the behavioral models of bank intermediaries active in the market, also considering the role of regulation and supervision.
1. The segmentation of the banking market
2. The business of corporate & investment banking
3. The structured finance operations: the project finance
4. The leveraged buy-out
5. The securitization
6. The equity capital market services
7. The venture capital activity
8. The listing of companies and the role of financial intermediaries
9. The credit operations: from traditional formulas to complex structures
10. The bank-firm relationship

Fleuriet M. (2018), Investment banking explained: An insider’s guide to the industry, second edition, McGraw-Hill Education.

Interest rate risk: repricing gap, duration gap e clumping
Liquidity risk
Market Risk di: Value at Risk (VaR) parametric and simulation and Expected Shortfall
Credit risk: Scoring, Market based models, Portfolio models
Credit risk: Recovery rate, Loss Given Default
Internal rating models
Reputational risk
Operational risk
Cyber Risk
Systemic risk
Banking regulation: Basel I and Basel III

A. Resti e A. Sironi, Risk management and value creation in banks, Milano, EGEA, 2008 (RS)

MODULE 1
1 A rapid introduction to MATLAB
1.1 MATLAB basics: Preliminary elements; Variable assignment; Workspace; Arithmetic operations; Vectors and matrices; Standard operations of linear algebra; Element-by-element multiplication and division; Colon (:) operator; Predefined function; inline Function; Anonymous Function.
1.2 M-file: Script and Function
1.3 Programming fundamentals: if, else, and elseif scheme; for loops; while loops
1.4 Matlab graphics
1.5 Preliminary exercises on programming
1.6 Exercises on the financial evaluation basics

MODULE 2
2 Preliminary elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
2.1 Random variables
2.2 Probability distributions
2.3 Continuous random variable
2.4 Higher-order moments and synthetic indices of a distribution
2.5 Some probability distributions: Uniform, Normal, Log-normal, Chi-square, Student-t
3 Linear and Non-linear Programming
3.1 Some Matlab built-in functions for optimization problems
3.2 Multi-objective optimization: Determining the efficient frontier
4 Portfolio Optimization
4.1 Portfolio of equities: Prices and returns
4.2 Risk-return analysis: Mean-Variance; Effects of the diversification in an Equally Weighted portfolio; Mean-MAD; Mean-MinMax; VaR; Mean-CVaR; Mean-Gini portfolios
4.3 Bond portfolio immunization

MODULE 3
5 Further elements on Probability Theory and Statistics
5.1 Introduction to the Monte Carlo simulation
5.2 Stochastic processes: Brownian motion; Ito’s Lemma; Geometrical Brownian motion
6 Pricing of derivatives with an underlying security
6.1 Binomial model (CRR): A replicating portfolio of stocks and bonds; Calibration of the model; Multi-period case
6.2 Black-Scholes model: Assumptions of the model; Pricing of a European call; Pricing equation for a call; Implied Volatility
6.3 Option Pricing with Monte Carlo Method: Solution in integral form; Path Dependent Derivatives

F Cesarone (2020), Computational Finance. MATLAB oriented modeling, Routledge-Giappichelli Studies in Business and Management, ISBN 978-0-367-49303-5
https://www.giappichelli.it/computational-finance