Relationship between two or more variables: independence, association; concordance. Linear regression; Multiple regression. Case studies.
Data reduction: composite indicators, principal component analysis
Cluster analysis

Introductory Statistics with R, P. Dalgaard, Springer.

An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis with R, B. Everitt, T. Hothorn, Springer.

The course is developed into three parts: an institutional module, an in-depth module; seminars and meetings with the protagonists.
The institutional module aims to provide the basic concepts and the theoretical framework of the sociological work and organizational disciplines and to analyze the interconnections with other disciplines which have as their object the study of work, production organizations, human resource management and industrial relations.
There will be an in-depth analysis of the change of work in the world, in relation to the development of innovative organizational and managerial cultures, with particular attention to the aspects related to the constant demand for an increase in flexibility and productivity and the strategic importance assumed of soft and transversal skills in the new production processes.
The in-depth module, instead, aims to analyze the concepts and evolution of the negotiation and industrial relations in Italy and on an international level:
1. The transformations of work from a sociological point of view and the conceptual framework relative to the evolution of organizational models and cultures: from Taylor-Fordism to Total Quality Management and networking organizations;
2. The evolution of human resource management policies and tools in search of a new paradigm of reference: the person at the center of the processes;
3. Leadership and management of social-organizational processes in innovative enterprises and virtuous Public Administrations: The Strategic Role of Communication and Lifelong Learning;
4. The development of industrial relations in Italy: the sociological dimension of the economic, legal and institutional framework; the actors of industrial relations; the evolution of collective bargaining; industrial relations and participatory model; labour relations in Public Administrations.
In the final part of the course, seminars will be organized with the protagonists (corporate executives and managers of organization and development of human resources, representatives of trade unions) on issues of organization, training and development of skills, negotiation and regulation of employment relationships in innovative companies and virtuous public administrations.

COCOZZA A., Comunicazione d’impresa e gestione delle risorse umane, Franco Angeli, Milano, 2012.
COCOZZA A., Organizzazioni. Culture, modelli, governance, Franco Angeli, Milano, 2014.
NEGRELLI S., Le trasformazioni del lavoro: modelli e tendenze nel capitalismo globale, Laterza, Bari, 2013.

SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION AND WORK - 3 CFU (20H)

Given the complexity of contemporary organizational contexts, increasingly characterized by network structures with high organizational and technological complexity, the advanced Sociology of Organizations module intends to dwell in particular on the thrusts introduced by the whirling digital innovation process.
In continuity with the course of Sociology of the organization (6 - CFU Prof. Cocozza), which presents the theoretical frame of reference of the sociological organizational disciplines and the new organizational models that tend to increasingly recognize the person as a strategic lever of development, the advanced module focuses in particular on the complicated relationship between organization, technological transformations and society with the intent to understand the implications for organizations and for work.
The advanced module looks at organizations and works in the information and knowledge society which stands out, as suggested by Castells, for its being: informational, global and reticular.

The module aims to offer students in addition to the necessary theoretical framework of reference also the possibility of measuring themselves with a working methodology that increasingly requires subjects to be active and decisive carriers of conditions of tumultuous change and uncertainty that characterizes modern organizations in the global scenario. For this reason the laboratory privileges the active and dialogical methodology where the students themselves become protagonists of the "discovery" and the sharing of the acquired knowledge; useful methodology to develop communicative, relational and reflexive competences, today fundamental for living and working in a complex society.
The course, therefore, includes in-depth thematic analyzes through individual and/or group project work.

Non-attending students will be able to select a text from those indicated and prepare a critical summary (written in-depth) to be sent to the teacher two days before the exam and to discuss during the interview.

1 book to choose from:
Gallino L., I denaro, il debito e la doppia crisi, Einaudi, 2015
Gallino L, Tecnologia e democrazia, Eibaudi, 2007
Gallino L., Limpresa irresponsabile, Einaudi, 2005
Latouche S., L’invenzione dell’economia, Bollati
Becchetti L., La felicità sostenibile, Saggine, 2005
Stark D., The sense of dissonance, Pricenton, 2011
Floridi L. La Quarta rivoluzione. Come l’infosfera sta trasformando il mondo, Cortina, 2017
Greenfield, Tecnologie radicali. Il progetto della vita quotidiana, Einaudi, 2017
Carol Lee Graham, The Economics of Happiness

This graduate level course provides an introduction to the basic concepts of probability, common distributions, statistical methods, and data analysis. It is intended for graduate students who have one undergraduate statistics course. Upon completion of this course students will:

- Appreciate and understand the role of statistics in their own field of study.
- Develop an ability to apply appropriate statistical methods to summarize and analyse data for some of the more routine experimental settings.

- Make sense of data and be able to report the results in appropriate table or statistical terms for inclusion in your thesis or paper.

- Perform appropriate statistical techniques using Minitab and Hugin and interpret the results/outputs.

Strengths of the course:
Software: R, Minitab, Hugin
Project work on a data set relative to your studies.

Topics:
- Introduction to sampling techniques;
- Simple and multiple linear model;
- Generalized linear models (logistic and linear-logistic models);
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA);
- Contingency tables and tests for Independence and Goodness-of-Fit;
- Decision support methods. Decision trees. Bayesian networks and decision networks. Learning networks. Applications to real cases.
-Methods for exploratory multivariate statistics such as factor analysis, cluster analysis.

Agresti A, Finlay B. (2007) Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, Pearson College Div; 4th edition
T. W. Anderson (2003) An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 3rd Edition. ISBN: 978-0-471-36091-9

1. The industrial crisis
- Origins and types of industrial crisis (economic, productive, for regulatory interventions)
- Why analyze the origins of the crisis
- The role of the labour law professional in industrial crises
- Case history
2. Solutions to the industrial crisis - first part
- Internal interventions to reduce labour costs:
- organic balancing on a territorial basis
- smart working as a strategy for reducing workspaces and personnel welfare policies
- Revision of remuneration policies (better treatment, use, superminimes, suspension or redefinition of performance bonus objectives)
- actions on working time to reduce the costs of administration and fixed-term relationships
- INAIL situation analysis
3. Solutions to the industrial crisis - second part
- External interventions to reduce labour costs:
- the change of collective agreement
- the transfer of the business unit
4. Solutions to the industrial crisis - part three
- External interventions to reduce labour costs:
- collective regrading agreements (proximity agreement)
- Case history
5. Solutions to the industrial crisis - Part Four
- The use of state assistance for transitional crisis resolution - Social shock absorbers:
- the causes of the extraordinary wages guarantee fund Reorganisation and crisis
- the methods for activating the CIGS and the objectives of the trade union discussion
- duration of the CIGS for reasons of reorganisation and crisis
- the special sector of publishing
- Case history
6. Solutions to the industrial crisis - Part Five
- The use of state assistance for transitional crisis resolution - Social shock absorbers:
- the cause of solidarity of the extraordinary wages guarantee fund
- the methods for activating the CIGS and the objectives of the trade union discussion
- duration of the CIGS for the cause of solidarity
- Interventions in areas of complex industrial crisis
- Salary supplement fund/ordinary allowance
- Case history
7. Practical exercise
- Exercise on social shock absorbers
- Practical exercise on the proximity contract
8. Solutions to the industrial crisis - part three
- the management of exodus (collective dismissal with the criterion of non-opposition):
- the criterion of non-opposition and early retirement strategies
- analysis of the pensionable population
- the categories of early retirement
- incentives unrelated to retirement

9. Solutions to the industrial crisis - Part Four
- collective dismissal in the form of opposition proceedings
- the definition of selective clusters
- process
- the management of trade union discussions
- the epilogue of the confrontation and the controlled implementation of the redundancies

Since the course was oriented to the concrete demonstration of the illustrated institutes, no text was adopted but the didactic offer was based on the commentary, analysis and illustration of collective agreements and material concretely used in the respective procedures and institutions being taught, as exposed in the course of the lessons also through slides and unpublished materials.

The course consists of two modules of 30 hours each, the first of which is taught in English
Module I
- alternative theories of primary income distribution and employment
- Harrod and Solow's growth models and demand-led growth
- Technical change. employment and growth
Module II
- the impact of labour market reforms and macroeconomic policies: theory and empirical evidence
- the interpretation of the changes in income distribution and their impact on employment and growth
- Employment and wages in Italy
During the course, data and results of empirical literature will be presented along with theoretical approaches.

Various papers and essays collected around four main subjects areas and available at the library. Upon request English alternatives to the Italian readings can be suggestd to foreign students. Below the detail:

INTRODUCTORY:
“Teorie del valore e della distribuzione – un confronto tra classici e neoclassici” di Fabio Petri, da pag. 87 a 116; e da pag. 249 a 305
“Appunti sulla teoria della distribuzione e del valore” di Garegnani e Palumbo, parte introduttiva, da pag. 1 a 3
“Unemployment, institutions and the living standard in the classical theory of wages” di Antonella Stirati, da pag. 42 a 66
“Emplyoment theory in the history of economic thought: an overview” di Antonella Stirati

PART I PRODUCTIVITY EMPLOYMENT AND GROWTH:
“Teorie dello sviluppo economico” di Terenzio Cozzi, da pag. 189 a 249
“Technical change, effective demand and emplyment” di Cesaratto, Serrano e Stirati da pag. 33 a 52
Lezioni sviluppo 2010-11 (fotocopie con tabelle di dati e grafici)
“Equilibrio, distribuzione e crescita” di Kaldor, da pag. 219 a 246
“L’industria – rivista di economia politica” da pag. 45 a 53
“Potential GNP: its measurement and significance” di Okun
“Puzzles, paradoxes, and regularities: cyclical and structural productivity in the United States (1950-2005)” di Jeon e Vernengo, da pag. 237 a 243
“L’approccio Kaldor-Verdoorn: una verifica empirica per il Centro-Nord e il Mezzogiorno d’Italia (anni 1951-2006)”, di Ferdinando Ofria, da pag. 179 a 203
“intervento alla discussione del seminario ASTRIL del 6/3/13” di Antonella Stirati

PART II: INCOME DISTRIBUTION
“La riduzione del prodotto che va al lavoro” di Antonella Stirati del 16 Novembre 2010
“Towards a sustainable recovery: the case for wage-led policies”, da pag. 161 a 186
“Wages, employment, distribution and growth” di Levrero e Stirati in Hein, Heise a Truger da pag. 93 a 114
“Il problema salariale in Italia” di Maurizio Zenezini, da pag. 2 a 31

PART III: LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY AND EMPLOYMENT
“Manuale di economia del lavoro”, capitolo 9 e 10 da pag. 215 a 249
“Are protective labor market institutions at the root of unemplOyment? A critical review of the evidence” di Howel, Baker, Glyn and Smchitt, da pag. 53 a 71
“Employment growth in Italy in the 1990s: institutional arrangements and market forces” di Brandolini, Casadio, Cipollone, Magnani, Rosolia e Torrini, da pag. 31 a 68
“La flessibilità del mercato del lavoro e il mito del conflitto tra generazioni” di Antonella Stirati, da pag. 181 a 191
“Oltre l’austerità” di Cesaratto e Pivetti, da pag. 133 a 144 (articolo di Antonella Stirati)

- Introduction to the study of social security law.
The social security boundaries; the Welfare State origins and development in Europe; social security models. The Italian model and its historical evolution; constitutional principles of security, social security and social assistance (Article 38 of the Constitution); notions of need, risk, solidarity, assistance, welfare, social insurance, social security. The recipients of protection; national and community sources; evolution perspective of the Italian Welfare model. From Welfare to Workfare.
- Social security and welfare.
The legal system of social security; recipients and in need situations that are protected; the contributory system; the legal social security relationship; the pension protection for incapacity of work, old age and death; perspective of pension system reforming; the supplementary private pension; social assistance.
-Health and safety protection and insurance against work accidents.
Health and safety protection at the workplace: constitutional principles and the duty to protect the employer; the evolution of the special legislation on health and safety. Legislative Decree n. 81/2008. The subjects involved in the protection of health and safety: duties, obligations, civil and criminal liability; the prevention and the employer’s responsibility. Insurance legislation against work accidents and occupational diseases: social security protection and limits on the employer's civil liability; work accident and occupational disease; social security benefits; biological damage.
- The unemployment protection and active labor policies.
Social safety nets and income support measures: unemployment benefits; salary supplement payments; protection against the employer’s insolvency; perspective of social safety nets system reforming and the problem of social protection of discontinuous work; the emergence of irregular work. Problems of connection between active and passive policies.

M. D'Onghia, M Persiani, Fondamenti di diritto della previdenza sociale, Giappichelli, Latest edition

- Stylized Facts of the Business Cycle. Basic concepts and definitions

- Business cycle theories from Keynes to Monetarism

- Traditional keynesian stabilization policies and rule-based policies

- The Lucas' island model and the role of expectations

- The Real Business cycle theory and the money neutrality

- The New Keynesian approach: the demand side and the monetary policy

- Simulation of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models using Dynare for Matlab

Enrico Marchetti “Teorie del ciclo economico. Il dibattito moderno su instabilità e equilibrio”, Esculapio, 2009.
Additional teaching material will be provided

The course aims to investigate the major issues related to the management of corporate knowledge, particularly with regard to information-intensive sectors and in the broader context of the knowledge-based view of the firm. Given the rapid obsolescence of the knowledge base, firms need to constantly renew their knowledge management strategies and practices. Thus, students will engage in active participation through exercises and project work in order to understand strategies of knowledge management, organizational conditions and enabling technologies.
At the dawn of our millennium, information started to gain momentum as on of the most valuable resources, both for managerial purposes and for personal life. A whole lifestyle has emerged, based on information acquisition and exchanges. Two main forces drove such a revolution. On one hand, technological innovations led to the convergence between information technology and communication technology, giving birth to the ICT industry. On the verge of an outstanding growth, this industry is now well established, and it is forecast to continue growing, thanks to the developing countries. On the other hand, socio-economic forces contributed to shape a new society, in which information is embedded, and access to information sources is considered the most valuable asset. From a managerial perspective, this transformation requires firms to develop new competitive behaviours, in order to stay successful.
This course is designed to understand the role of data-driven knowledge within the contemporary economy, and to provide the students with a clear analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of information-based goods.

The course takes a heavily case-oriented managerial perspective.

Programme
The course will cover the following topics:
Characteristics, drivers and criticality of information-based economy and the knowledge-based view of the firms.
Organization and globalization.
Taxonomy of knowledge: the distinction between data, information, knowledge.
The dimensions of knowledge: the model of Nonaka and Takeuchi.
The processes for the creation, dissemination, and capitalization during the harvesting of knowledge.
Using forums and Web 2.0 applications.
Platform organizations and emerging digital business models
What’s next: Industry 4.0 (overview)
An hyper-local, global market
Business culture, communication, work organisation in the digital economy
Being a digitiser, working in the digital economy

Marchegiani L. (2012) Information, Knowledge, Attention: ICTs and Innovative Organizations. LAP Publishing.
Newell S., Robertson M., Scarbrough H., Swan J. (2009) Managing Knowledge Work and Innovation. Palgrave.

Macroeconomics, inequality and development
The course addresses a number of macroeconomic issues with a focus on development and growth, income distribution, institutions, and the growth-inequality-poverty nexus.
The module will typically cover the following topics:
• Introduction: principal macroeconomic issues of development
• Economic growth: Growth models as tools for analyzing the macroeconomics of development
• Geography, Culture and Institutions
• Income distribution and Macroeconomics
• Inequality, growth and welfare policy

1.D Acemoglu (2009) Introduction to modern economic growth, Princeton University Press, capitoli 1-4.
2.C. Jones (2016) The facts of economic growth, in Handbook of Macroeconomics, eds J. Taylor, H. Uhlig, vol.2A, cap.1.
3. D Acemoglu, S Johnson, JA Robinson (2005) Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth, in Handbook of Economic Growth, eds P Aghion, P Durlauf, cap.6.
3. Slides of the lessons.

1. The Neo-Institutional Theory of the Firm
1.1 Overview of the neoclassical theory of the firm
1.2 Ronal Coase and the transaction cost theory
1.3 The contribution of Oliver Williamson
1.4 Quasi-Rents: Klein, Crawford, Alchian
1.5 Property Rights Theory : Grossman, Hart e Moore
2. The organization of Italian firms
2.1 From large firms and the economic miracle of the 60's to the industrial discticts of the '80s
2.2 Firms and globalization
3. Main issues
3.1 Productivity
3.2 R&D
3.3 ICT
3.4 Internationalization
3.5 Global Value Chains
4. Laboratory session

Giunta A., Rossi S., 2017, Che cosa sa fare l'Italia, Rome, Laterza. Chapters: II,III, IV
A reading list will be suggested during the Course and available on the course TEAMS