Classification of industrial plants and production systems. Link between strategy and operations.
Classification and quantification of industrial costs (fixed vs variable, investment vs operational, direct vs indirect, unit, average and marginal costs). Economic balance of a production system.
Linear programming method and application to optimal production mix definition.
Design steps of an industrial facility. Technical and economic feasibility study.
Profitability analysis of industial investments in both deterministic and probabilistic environment. Decision analysis about replacement and choice between alternative equipment.
Introduction to decision making techniques (single and multiobjective, decisions in deterministic unacertainty and risk conditions).
Method for location choice of industrial plants.
The decision about production capacity.
Methods for describing the product, the process and choice of process technology.
Sizing of production resources in both deterministic and probabilistic environment. Computation of resources capacity and utilization. Bottlenecks identification. Design of job shops, assembly lines and production cells. Little's law and performance measures of manufacturing systems. Performance limits of production systems (best case, worst case, practical worst case). Queueing theory and analysis of M/M/1, M/M/m, G/G/1, G/G/m queues. Queueing networks (Jackson networks and MVA analysis for closed networks). Lot sizing criteria. Sizing of maintenance resources. Sizing of machine servers.
Work design methods and standard times estimation (standard times, work sampling, stopwatch measurement).
Computation of space requirements and layout design methods.
Material handling systems: classification and resource sizing.
Project management techniques: activities planning and representation (work breackdown structure, Gantt diagrams, graphs). PERT and CPM techniques for project control. Management of project costs.

Lecture notes provided by instructor and uploaded on Moodle web site.

Steam power plants: Hirn’s cycle, effect of steam parameters on cycle performance, regenerative heating of feed-water.
Gas Turbine plants: thermodynamic cycle analysis, regenerative heating, state of-the-art and future trends. .
Gas-steam combined plants: thermodynamic cycle analysis, CHP applications.
Stirling engine. Fuel cells.
Internal Combustion Engines: reference thermodynamic cycles, features and performance of SI and CI engines.
Refrigeration plants: reference thermodynamic cycles, heat pumps, absorption systems.

Reference texts:
CAPUTO C., “Gli impianti convertitori di energia”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1997,
CAPUTO C., “Le turbomacchine”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1994;
CAPUTO C., “Le macchine volumetriche”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1997.


Folow up texts:
BECCARI A., CAPUTO C., “Motori termici volumetrici”, ed. UTET, Torino, 1987;
LOZZA G., “Turbine a gas e cicli combinati”, Soc. Editrice Esculapio, Bologna, 1996;
DIXON S. L., “Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982;
COHEN H., ROGERS G. F. C., SARAVANAMUTTOO H. I. H., “Gas Turbine Theory”, Lomgman Group Ltd, Padstow, 1996;

Classification of industrial plants and production systems. Link between strategy and operations.
Classification and quantification of industrial costs (fixed vs variable, investment vs operational, direct vs indirect, unit, average and marginal costs). Economic balance of a production system.
Linear programming method and application to optimal production mix definition.
Design steps of an industrial facility. Technical and economic feasibility study.
Profitability analysis of industial investments in both deterministic and probabilistic environment. Decision analysis about replacement and choice between alternative equipment.
Introduction to decision making techniques (single and multiobjective, decisions in deterministic unacertainty and risk conditions).
Method for location choice of industrial plants.
The decision about production capacity.
Methods for describing the product, the process and choice of process technology.
Sizing of production resources in both deterministic and probabilistic environment. Computation of resources capacity and utilization. Bottlenecks identification. Design of job shops, assembly lines and production cells. Little's law and performance measures of manufacturing systems. Performance limits of production systems (best case, worst case, practical worst case). Queueing theory and analysis of M/M/1, M/M/m, G/G/1, G/G/m queues. Queueing networks (Jackson networks and MVA analysis for closed networks). Lot sizing criteria. Sizing of maintenance resources. Sizing of machine servers.
Work design methods and standard times estimation (standard times, work sampling, stopwatch measurement).
Computation of space requirements and layout design methods.
Material handling systems: classification and resource sizing.
Project management techniques: activities planning and representation (work breackdown structure, Gantt diagrams, graphs). PERT and CPM techniques for project control. Management of project costs.

Lecture notes provided by instructor and uploaded on Moodle web site.

Steam power plants: Hirn’s cycle, effect of steam parameters on cycle performance, regenerative heating of feed-water.
Gas Turbine plants: thermodynamic cycle analysis, regenerative heating, state of-the-art and future trends. .
Gas-steam combined plants: thermodynamic cycle analysis, CHP applications.
Stirling engine. Fuel cells.
Internal Combustion Engines: reference thermodynamic cycles, features and performance of SI and CI engines.
Refrigeration plants: reference thermodynamic cycles, heat pumps, absorption systems.

Reference texts:
CAPUTO C., “Gli impianti convertitori di energia”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1997,
CAPUTO C., “Le turbomacchine”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1994;
CAPUTO C., “Le macchine volumetriche”, ed. Masson, Milano, 1997.


Folow up texts:
BECCARI A., CAPUTO C., “Motori termici volumetrici”, ed. UTET, Torino, 1987;
LOZZA G., “Turbine a gas e cicli combinati”, Soc. Editrice Esculapio, Bologna, 1996;
DIXON S. L., “Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982;
COHEN H., ROGERS G. F. C., SARAVANAMUTTOO H. I. H., “Gas Turbine Theory”, Lomgman Group Ltd, Padstow, 1996;

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT METHODS AND SYSTEMS.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT DEVICES, STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTATION. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BEHAVIOR: FIRST AND SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS, UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT ERROR ESTIMATION.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARD.
CALIBRATION OF MEASURING DEVICES AND INTERPOLATION METHODS. ADJUSTMENT OF INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF INTERPOLATION. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY OF MEASUREMENTS.
SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF SIGNAL ANALYSIS, FOURIER TRANSFORM AND THE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM, SYSTEMS FREQUENCY RESPONSE.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND DEVICES: CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS, VOLTMETERS AND OSCILLOSCOPES. LOADING ERRORS AND IMPEDANCE MATCHING. ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING: AMPLIFIERS, WHEATSTONE BRIDGE CIRCUITS.
SAMPLING, DIGITAL DEVICES AND DATA ACQUISITION: SAMPLING CONCEPTS, DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS. ALIASING. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATION.
MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND DISPLACEMENT: MECHANICAL OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC INSTRUMENTATION. POTENTIOMETERS, LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMERS AND CONTACTLESS TRANSDUCERS.
STRAIN MEASUREMENT: LOAD CLASSIFICATION, STRESS AND STRAIN, MECHANICAL EXTENSOMETERS, RESISTANCE AND OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGES.
MASS AND FORCE MEASUREMENTS.
TORQUE AND POWER MEASUREMENTS.
PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS: PRESSURE CONCEPTS AND SENSING PRINCIPLES, PIEZOMETER, U-TUBE AND BOURDON TUBE MANOMETERS, PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND THEIR CALIBRATION. VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS. MEASUREMENTS IN MOVING FLUIDS: PITOT TUBE, FAN AND HOT WIRE ANEMOMETERS.
FLOW MEASUREMENTS.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS: TEMPERATURE STANDARDS AND DEFINITION, PRIMARY THERMOMETERS. GAS, LIQUID-IN-GLASS AND METAL THERMOMETERS, SATURATED VAPOR THERMOMETERS. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE THERMOMETRY: CONCEPTS, RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS AND THERMISTORS, CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS. THERMOELECTRIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: THERMOCOUPLES, CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. RADIATIVE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS AND PYROMETERS.
ACCELERATION, VIBRATION, AND SHOCK MEASUREMENT. PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT SET UP AND CALIBRATION.

NOTES AND PRESENTATIONS FROM THE COURSE.
FRANCESCO PAOLO BRANCA "MISURE MECCANICHE" E.S.A. EDITRICE.
RINALDO VALLASCAS "FONDAMENTI DI MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE. GRANDEZZE STATICHE E SISTEMI" HOEPLI 2008.
RINALDO VALLASCAS E FEDERICO PATANÉ "MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE. GRANDEZZE TEMPO-VARIANTI" HOEPLI 2007
PAOLO CAPPA "SENSORI E TRASDUTTORI PER MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE" BORGIA EDITORE.
ERNEST O. DOEBELIN "STRUMENTI E METODI DI MISURA" A CURA DI ALFREDO CIGADA E MICHELE GASPARETTO, MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, 2008.
ERNEST O. DOEBELIN "MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS APPLICATION AND DESIGN" 4TH EDITION MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION, NEW YORK, USA, 1990.
THOMAS G. BECKWITH, ROY D. MARANGONI, JOHN H. LIENHARD "MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS" ADDISON-WESLEY PUB COMPANY, READING MA, USA, 1995.

AIM OF THE COURSE. The course in Manufacturing Technology provides the student with the basic knowledge of the main mechanical processing technologies. Specifically, the course aims to illustrate, transversely, the traditional processes of transformation and mechanical processing, starting from the study of the properties of the materials and related techniques of characterization and arriving at a detailed analysis of the technologies and related processing parameters, as well as the productive context in which they fit. The course aims to provide the student with all the tools to define the processing cycle of a component and to highlight the links between the parameters of the process, the properties of the raw material and the final properties of the semi-finished / finished product. The contents of the course will pour, in a first introductory part, on the study and understanding of the micro / macroscopic properties of the materials and related analysis techniques. Subsequently, the main processing technologies will be examined, such as the manufacturing processes for casting, the processing by plastic deformation (both massive components and sheets) and the connection processes. Every single processing technology will be analyzed in terms of operating principle, type of production context and technological criticality.

DETAILED PROGRAM OF THE COURSE. Introduction to the course. Overview of production processes and transformation technologies. Metrology and dimensional control. Dimensional accuracy and tolerance, geometric tolerance. Main properties of materials of technological interest. Tests for the determination and measurement of the mechanical properties of materials: Traction, Compression, Flexion, Fatigue. Milling processes. The casting and solidification of the castings. Foundry defects. Casting processes in transitional form. Permanent casting processes. Forming in earth, in shell, in vacuum, die-casting, centrifugal and lost wax. Notes on the design of anime and models. Notes on the sizing of the power supply system. Coolers. Allowances. Technical and economic aspects of foundry processes. The workings for plastic deformation. The theory of plasticity. Massive deformation processes. Forging and molding. Slab method. Molding cycle. Forging defects. Design of the molds. Presses and knits. Lamination. Extrusion and drawing. The mechanics of the flat rolling process. The defects of laminated products. Extrusion: general information and equipment. Drawing: general information and equipment. Sheet metal deformation processes. Formability of the plates. Shearing. Bending. Cupping. Joining techniques. Weldings: classification and general information. Structure of welded joints. Welding defects. Flame welding. Arc welding. Resistance welding. Solid state welding. Welding with unconventional techniques. Mechanical junctions. Bonding.

Text: Mechanical technology. Ediz. MyLab. With e-text. With online expansion by Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R. Schmid
Publisher: Pearson
Necklace: Engineering
Edition: 2
Publication Date: September 2014
EAN: 9788865183748
ISBN: 8865183748
Pages: XIV-872
Format: produced in several parts of different sizes

Reciprocating engines: gasoline and diesel engines.
Design and performance characteristics of gasoline and diesel engines: preliminary analysis and detail design procedure .
Characteristics and performance of power trains for different applications.
Four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines.
Mechanical supercharging and turbocharging: objectives and applications.
Fuel, air and combustion thermodynamics. Air, fuel and exhaust flows.
Heat and mass loss. friction, lubrication and wear.
Characterization of fuels and lubricating oils used in internal combustion engines.
Pollutants formation and control.
Testing equipments and measurements.

Gas Turbines
Architecture of gas turbines for propulsion and industrial uses.
Performance analysis and evaluation of the functional characteristics of compressors, combustion chambers, turbines, and the main auxiliary systems for different structures and different operating conditions and environment.
The aerodynamics of the combustor chamber, the heat flows to the walls and cooling techniques.
Fuel supply systems: liquid and gas.

- J.B.Heywood “INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS” McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1988
- H.I. Saravanamuttoo, H.Cohen, G.F. Rogers “GAS TURBINE THEORY” Prentice Hall, 2001
- H. Lefebvre “GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION” Ed.Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1999

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT METHODS AND SYSTEMS.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT DEVICES, STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTATION. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BEHAVIOR: FIRST AND SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS, UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT ERROR ESTIMATION.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARD.
CALIBRATION OF MEASURING DEVICES AND INTERPOLATION METHODS. ADJUSTMENT OF INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF INTERPOLATION. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY OF MEASUREMENTS.
SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS.
FUNDAMENTALS OF SIGNAL ANALYSIS, FOURIER TRANSFORM AND THE FREQUENCY SPECTRUM, SYSTEMS FREQUENCY RESPONSE.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND DEVICES: CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS, VOLTMETERS AND OSCILLOSCOPES. LOADING ERRORS AND IMPEDANCE MATCHING. ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING: AMPLIFIERS, WHEATSTONE BRIDGE CIRCUITS.
SAMPLING, DIGITAL DEVICES AND DATA ACQUISITION: SAMPLING CONCEPTS, DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS. ALIASING. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATION.
MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND DISPLACEMENT: MECHANICAL OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC INSTRUMENTATION. POTENTIOMETERS, LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMERS AND CONTACTLESS TRANSDUCERS.
STRAIN MEASUREMENT: LOAD CLASSIFICATION, STRESS AND STRAIN, MECHANICAL EXTENSOMETERS, RESISTANCE AND OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGES.
MASS AND FORCE MEASUREMENTS.
TORQUE AND POWER MEASUREMENTS.
PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS: PRESSURE CONCEPTS AND SENSING PRINCIPLES, PIEZOMETER, U-TUBE AND BOURDON TUBE MANOMETERS, PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND THEIR CALIBRATION. VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS. MEASUREMENTS IN MOVING FLUIDS: PITOT TUBE, FAN AND HOT WIRE ANEMOMETERS.
FLOW MEASUREMENTS.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS: TEMPERATURE STANDARDS AND DEFINITION, PRIMARY THERMOMETERS. GAS, LIQUID-IN-GLASS AND METAL THERMOMETERS, SATURATED VAPOR THERMOMETERS. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE THERMOMETRY: CONCEPTS, RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS AND THERMISTORS, CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS. THERMOELECTRIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: THERMOCOUPLES, CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. RADIATIVE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS AND PYROMETERS.
ACCELERATION, VIBRATION, AND SHOCK MEASUREMENT. PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT SET UP AND CALIBRATION.

NOTES AND PRESENTATIONS FROM THE COURSE.
FRANCESCO PAOLO BRANCA "MISURE MECCANICHE" E.S.A. EDITRICE.
RINALDO VALLASCAS "FONDAMENTI DI MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE. GRANDEZZE STATICHE E SISTEMI" HOEPLI 2008.
RINALDO VALLASCAS E FEDERICO PATANÉ "MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE. GRANDEZZE TEMPO-VARIANTI" HOEPLI 2007
PAOLO CAPPA "SENSORI E TRASDUTTORI PER MISURE MECCANICHE E TERMICHE" BORGIA EDITORE.
ERNEST O. DOEBELIN "STRUMENTI E METODI DI MISURA" A CURA DI ALFREDO CIGADA E MICHELE GASPARETTO, MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, 2008.
ERNEST O. DOEBELIN "MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS APPLICATION AND DESIGN" 4TH EDITION MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION, NEW YORK, USA, 1990.
THOMAS G. BECKWITH, ROY D. MARANGONI, JOHN H. LIENHARD "MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS" ADDISON-WESLEY PUB COMPANY, READING MA, USA, 1995.

Reciprocating engines: gasoline and diesel engines.
Design and performance characteristics of gasoline and diesel engines: preliminary analysis and detail design procedure .
Characteristics and performance of power trains for different applications.
Four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines.
Mechanical supercharging and turbocharging: objectives and applications.
Fuel, air and combustion thermodynamics. Air, fuel and exhaust flows.
Heat and mass loss. friction, lubrication and wear.
Characterization of fuels and lubricating oils used in internal combustion engines.
Pollutants formation and control.
Testing equipments and measurements.

Gas Turbines
Architecture of gas turbines for propulsion and industrial uses.
Performance analysis and evaluation of the functional characteristics of compressors, combustion chambers, turbines, and the main auxiliary systems for different structures and different operating conditions and environment.
The aerodynamics of the combustor chamber, the heat flows to the walls and cooling techniques.
Fuel supply systems: liquid and gas.

- J.B.Heywood “INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS” McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1988
- H.I. Saravanamuttoo, H.Cohen, G.F. Rogers “GAS TURBINE THEORY” Prentice Hall, 2001
- H. Lefebvre “GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION” Ed.Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1999

Short introduction to electrical drives: functional block schemes, review on electrical machine types, AC and DC, quadrants of operations, regenerative brake, thermal behaviors, analysis in the Laplace domain.
Power electronics converters for electrical drives: topologies, characteristics and modulation techniques.
Short view on DC electric drives: torque and flux control, speed control and position control.

Electrical drives based on synchronous machine: electrical machine operation and drive block scheme, dynamic model in the synchronous reference frame, operation under sinusoidal supply, control strategies for the related electrical drives.

Electrical drives with induction machine: electrical machine operation and drive block scheme, dynamic model in the synchronous reference frame, scalar and vector control strategies for induction machine based electrical drives.

Free books from the University library system
Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/6712180

Control of Electric Machine Drive Systems
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/5675908

Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives: Technology and Applications
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/5263964

Acoustics:
Acoustical parameters.
Wave equation and speed of sound.
Solutions of the wave equation: plane and spherical waves.
Acoustical impedance.
Psychoacoustics: the ear, normal audiogram.
Sound levels.
Acoustical analysis (octave bands and one-third octave bands)
Weighting curves.
Sound level meters.
Open-space acoustics.
Acoustical barriers.
Sound in enclosures.
Reverberation time (Sabine formulation and Eyring formulation).
Sound-absorbing materials.
Transmission of sound through partitions. Mass law.

Lighting design:
Radiation of energy.
Radiometric and photometric parameters.
The eye. Visual performance.
Measurement of the photometric parameters.
Colorimetry.
Light sources: incandescent, discharge and LED lamps.
Lighting fixtures.
Daylighting.
Extended sources (linear, tubular and rectangular sources).
The lumen method.
The radiosity method.

-A. B. Coppens, L. E. Kinsler, J. V. Sanders, A. R. Frey, Fundamentals of acoustics (4th edition), Ed. Wiley
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Silvio Santoboni, Acustica, Ed. CEA
-P. Cavalletti, A. Chiari, S. Bergero, M. Bernardoni, Applicazioni pratiche di acustica, Ed. Dario Flaccovio
-Pietro Palladino, Lezioni di illuminotecnica, Ed. Tecniche Nuove
-Gino Moncada Lo Giudice e Andrea De Lieto Vollaro, Illuminotecnica, Ed. CEA

GENERAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRICAL PROPULSION IN TERRESTRIAL, NAVAL AND AIRCRAFT. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN THE RAILWAY FIELD. ELECTRIC SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL WITH DIRECT CURRENT OR SINGLE-PHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT: CONFIGURATIONS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SYSTEM; CONFIGURATIONS OF THE TRACTION CIRCUIT AND CURRENT STATE OF THE CURRENT FROM THE CONTACT LINE.
ROLLING STOCK: DESCRIPTION OF TYPES OF RAILWAY RODIGGIO AND CONFIGURATIONS USED FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS; DISTRIBUTION OF THE LOAD ON TROLLEYS OF A RAILWAY LOCOMOTOR; BRAKING SYSTEMS; ADHERENCE IN THE WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT; RESISTANCE TO MOTION OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE; TRACTION DIAGRAM OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE AND DETERMINATION OF THE SIZING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPULSION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO THE PERFORMANCE REQUIRED AND TO THE ACCELERATION AND SPEED LIMITATIONS.
DRIVE UNITS WITH DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR: CONSTRUCTIVE AND FUNCTIONING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS WITH INDEPENDENT EXCITATION OR WITH EXCITEMENT SERIES; STATIC CONVERTERS FOR POWERING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS; USE OF THE CURRENT MOTORS IN THE RAILWAY TRACTION.
DRIVE DRIVES WITH ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS: REFERENCES ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS; TWO-LEVEL INVERTER WITH PWM MODULATION OR WITH SVM MODULATION, THREE-LEVEL INVERTER; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH FIELD ORIENTATION CONTROL OR WITH DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL; DRIVES WITH THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR USED IN RAILWAY TRACTION; SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH EXCITATION CIRCUIT OR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS; DRIVES WITH SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES AND THEIR USE IN RAILWAY TRACTION.
RAILWAY INTEROPERABILITY AND EXAMPLES OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF RAILWAY LOCOMOTORS WITH POLITENSION FEEDING. NOTES ON THE DIESEL-ELECTRIC RAILWAY PROPULSION.
GENERAL AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION IN ROAD VEHICLES. ARCHITECTURE OF ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF ROAD VEHICLES. MOTOR RESISTANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE AND TRACTION CHARACTERISTIC OF A ROAD VEHICLE WITH ELECTRIC OR HYBRID PROPULSOR. STANDARDIZED RUNNING CYCLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A ROAD VEHICLE.
ENERGY OR POWER ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS FOR USE IN ROAD VEHICLES: CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATORS, SUPERCONDENSATOR BENCHES AND MECHANICAL FLYWHEELS; COMBINED ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS.
CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC GENERATORS WITH FUEL CELLS FOR THE APPLICATION IN THE PROPULSION OF ROAD VEHICLES.
CONFIGURATIONS OF ELECTRIC STROKES FOR ROAD VEHICLES WITH POWER SUPPLY FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR, FROM CELLS TO FUEL OR FROM GENERATION GROUP WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
DUAL-MODE, FULL-HYBRID OR MILD-HYBRID HYBRID PROPULSORS WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR ROAD VEHICLES; START / STOP SYSTEMS AND EVOLUTION OF AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ON BOARD.
USE OF HYBRID AND ELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN MARINE APPLICATIONS.

M. Brenna, F. Foiadelli, D. Zaninelli – ELECTRICAL RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS – Published by John Wiley & Sons – ISBN 978-1-119-38680-3
M. EHSANI, Y. GAO, S. E. GAY, A. EMADI – MODERN ELECTRIC, HYBRID ELECTRIC AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES – CRC PRESS – ISBN 0-8493-3154-4

Kinematics of fluids: analysis of the deformation in the neighbourhood of a point. Vorticity and related theorems. Decomposition of the velocity fields. The governing equations of Fluid Mechanics: mass, momentum and energy budget. Hydraulic models: the 1D scheme. Application to the analysis of unsteady pipe flows. The method of characteristics. Computational methods for the 1D scheme. The Navier-Stokes equation and its approximations in Hydrodynamics: low Reynolds number flows, lubrication theory, boundary layer theory, natural and forced convection, the Boussinesque approximation. Ideal flows. Turbulence for uncompressible fluids.

Kinematics of fluids: analysis of the deformation in the neighbourhood of a point. Vorticity and related theorems. Decomposition of the velocity fields. The governing equations of Fluid Mechanics: massa, momentum and energy budget. Hydraulic modelds: the 1D scheme. Application to the analysis of unsteady pipe flows. The method of characteristics. Computational methods for the 1D scheme. The Navier-Stokes equation and its approximations in Hydrodynamics: low Reynolds number flows, lubrication tehory, boundary layer theory, natural and forced convection, the Boussinesque approximation. Ideal flows. Turbulence for uncompressible fluids.

Lecture notes.
Readings suggested by the teacher.

The similitude theory applied to turbomachines

- Criteria and limits;
- Dimensional analysis and performance laws;
- Relevant applications to design and analysis of turbomachines;

Hydraulic machines

1) Centrifugal and axial pumps

- Basic principles and performance
- Influence of cavitation on pump selection and design;
- Preliminary design of the main components (radial and axial impellers, unvaned and vaned diffusers, volutes)
- Main parameters which affect pump performance;
- Operation and control: basic principles.

2) Hydraulic turbines

- Basic principles and performance
- Preliminary design of Pelton turbines;
- Preliminary design of reaction turbines (Francis and Kaplan);
- Draft tube and cavitation in reaction turbines;
- Performance characteristics;
- Operation: basic principles.

Compressible flow turbomachines

3) Fluid-dynamics in ducted flows

- Review of applied thermodynamics and gas-dynamics;
- Steady one-dimensional and two-dimensional flows, vorticity, Crocco’s theorem, shock waves. Shock and expansion waves on complex aerofoils.
- Two-dimensional cascades;
- Boundary layers on complex aerofoils, effect of pressure gradients on stall in cascades, thermal boundary layers.
- Shock wave/ boundary layer interaction;
- Three-dimensional effects: secondary flows.

4) Axial compressors

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, factors affecting stage pressure ratio, blockage in the compressor annulus, degree of reaction, design process;
- Mean-line analysis: efficiency optimization.
- Three-dimensional flow: free-vortex law, constant degree of reaction law, constant rotor absolute inlet angle law;
- Stage efficiency: three-dimensional optimization.
- Correlations for the evaluation of losses and deviation.

5) Steam Turbine

- Basic principles and performance characteristics.
- Analysis of: impulse stage, velocity-compounded impulse stage, reaction stage. Comparison and discussion.
- Total-to-total and total-to-static blade efficiency, windage losses, partial admission losses, humidity losses.
- Preliminary design: principles for selecting the path of multistage turbines, rough estimation of the process of steam flow in the path, estimation of stage diameter, number of stages and distribution of enthalpy drops. Calculation of the steam path.

6) Axial gas turbines

- Basic principles, application of dimensional analysis, performance characteristics;
- Preliminary design: elementary theory, vortex theory (free-vortex design, constant nozzle angle design);
- Stage performance limitations;
- Cooling methods: basic principles.


Students will apply design methodologies and procedures on several case studies.

• S.L. Dixon, "Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery", Ed. Butterworth Heinemann;
• D.G. Wilson, T. Korakianitis, "The design of high-efficiency Turbomachinery and Gas Turbines", Ed. Prentice Hall;
• H. Cohen, G.F.C. Rogers, H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, "Gas Turbine Theory", Ed. Longman;
• C. Caputo, "Le turbomacchine", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana;
• C. Osnaghi, “Teoria delle Turbomacchine”, Ed. Esculapio
• Materiale a cura del Docente messo a disposizione su piattaforma Moodle

Introduction to structural topics of road vehicles. Geometry and set-up of the vehicle. Tires. Wheel suspensions for light and heavy vehicles: geometry and components. Steering systems. Automotive and hydrostatic transmissions (two and four driving wheels). Braking systems.
Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic driving for braking, steering and suspension systems. ABS, ASR, ESP devices. Passive safety systems (air-bag, belt-tensioning). Automatic and semiautomatic transmissions. Ibrid vehicles

Characterization of gases emission from motor vehicle exhaust and power plant stack.
Air quality and meteorology.
Air pollution modelling. Gaussian plume model.
Engineered systems for air pollution control of stationary sources: pre-combustion controls, combustion controls and post-combustion controls.
Noise pollution and control methods.
Emission standards and regulations.

- Giorgio Cau, Daniele Cocco “L’Impatto Ambientale dei Sistemi Energetici” Ed. SGEditoriali, 2015
- Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell “Introduction to Environmental Engineering” Ed. McGraw-Hill, 1991
- C. S. Rao “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering” Ed. New Age International (P) Limited, 2006
- Lewis H. Bell, Douglas H. Bell “Industrial Noise Control” Ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., 1994
- Robert G. Kunz “Environmental Calculations: A Multimedia Approach” John Widely & Sons Inc., 2009

- Memorandum about applied physics
-Environmental conditions of thermal comfort and thermo-physical air quality of buildings
- Heating systems: calculation of thermal loads, energy certification.
- Plant components: boilers, radiators, radiant panels, distribution networks, expansion tank; Project of a thermal power plant
- Motion of fluids and sizing of water distribution networks.
- Air conditioning system: calculation of the summer heat load, sizing of an all-air system without and with recirculation, and mixed systems.
- Plant components: refrigeration units, air treatment units, fan coils, etc.
- Motion of fluids and sizing of air distribution networks.
-Design of the heating and air conditioning system components

Classical Risk methods and assessment techniques; Job Safety Analysis (JSA); Check list analysis, Functional Analysis Space Technique (FAST) method; Professional illness assessment; noise, ergonomics and manual handling. Lifting equation by NIOSH (National Institute Occupational Safefy & Health) Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA), Snook & Ciriello method. Reliability approach as a tool for the assessment of failure and injuries likelihood. Fault tree analysis (FTA), Event Tree analysis (ETA); Hazard Operability approach (Haz.Op) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Behavior based analysis and risk assessment techniques (BBS).
Physical agents: Acoustics and Vibrations. International ISO and measuring techniques. Monitoring methods and impact assessment. Geostatistical methods: variograms, Kriging, Co Kriging

Lecture notes and texts distributed by the teacher

Cenni ai metodi di caratterizzazione dei materiali
- tecniche diffrattometriche, microscopiche e spettroscopiche. Cenni di metallografia e di prove non distruttive.
Corrosione ad Umido
- Aspetti elettrochimici del degrado, forme di corrosione ad umido, diagrammi di Pourbaix, cinetica della corrosione, ddp e teoria dei potenziali misti – passività, corrosione in ambienti naturali e in ambienti ostili, metodi di prevenzione, protezione, diagnosi e monitoraggio
Tribologia
- Richiami sulla meccanica del contatto. Aspetti tribologici del degrado (adesione, attrito e usura), principali tipologie di usura (adesiva e abrasiva).
- Teoria, metodi e normativa per la quantificazione dell’usura, misure preventive.
Protezione dei materiali
- rivestimenti resistenti all’usura e alla corrosione, barriere termiche.
- Tecnologie di produzione di rivestimenti: rivestimenti galvanici, rivestimenti da fase vapore, rivestimenti termospruzzati.
Materiali compositi
- concetti fondamentali (matrice-rinforzo-interfaccia) e classificazione; regola delle miscele, interazione rinforzo-matrice, durabilità e degrado (creep, fatica, idrolizzazione). Criteri di progettazione: compositi laminati e sandwich; tecnologie di produzione: hand layup, Filament winding, stampaggi a caldo, a freddo e in autoclave, Resin Transfer Moulding, Spray-up. Esempi di applicazione dei compositi.
Materiali ceramici avanzati
- correlazione tra precursori, produzione, struttura e proprietà ottenibili. Criteri di affidabilità (statistica di Weibull); tecnologie di produzione: sinterizzazione, pressatura isostatica a caldo, slip casting, tape casting, codeposizione, termal spraying. Esempi di applicazione dei ceramici per componenti refrattari e barriere termiche. Degrado, corrosione a secco
Complementi:
- Progettazione mediante Elementi Finiti e relative ricadute sui materiali impiegati: simulazione delle proprietà variabili nel tempo e in temperatura. Esempi applicativi di analisi statiche e dinamiche, meccaniche e termo-meccaniche.
Cenni ai trattamenti delle acque ed ai fenomeni correlati per la corretta selezione degli acciai negli impianti per la produzione di energia e negli scambiatori di calore.

Dispense del docente
M. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D. Cebon: "Materiali, dalla scienza alla progettazione ingegneristica" Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Monographic Class on Mines and Quarry activities. Fundamentals are Mining and Quarring methods, Geology element, Tectonics and Hydro-geology, Minerals and Rocks; Mineral assets and bench. The Mining activities planning and localization. Environmental Impact Assessment Methods; Environmental recovery fundamentals. The Production Techniques and the Exploitation Methods. Health and Safety quarries related Laws in force.

Geology element, Tectonics and Hydro-geology, Minerals and Rocks.
Mines and Quarries. Mineral Ore from pits: a) Dimension stones for Shops and Crushing stones (Marbles, Travetinos, Granite, Limestone); b) Building and construction Stones: 1) crushed stones for concrete and compo (Sands, Gravel, crushing Grout); 2) Bricks and Ashler; 3) Crushed Ores and reef Blocks; c) Industrial feedstock (siliceous sands, Diatoms, Kieselguhrs, artful Marl, Dolomites, etc). The geological associations, Mineral assets and bench. The Mining layer, Opencast Pits and Underground Pits. The Disclosing Ratio. The geo-morphology and the Pits’ characteristics.
The Mining activities planning and localization: the all-over exploitation and the Exploitation-Poles; Environmental Impact from Mining Activities and Environmental Impact Assessment.
Exploitation Units and Hierarchy. Underground exploitation methods: Halls and Pillars, Filling methods: Opencast Methods: a) Terraces (exclusive and multiples); b) Leveling by Terraces; Leveling by sub-vertical Rips.
Production Techniques: Blasting hearth-works, mechanical digging, ripping, dozing, scraping. Drilling Techniques and Technologies; Blasting Techniques, Noise, over-pressure, air-blast, Vibrations and Waves. Dumping; conveyor Belts, Crushing Plants, Sifting and Grinding.
Stone Quality and Certification. Dimension Stone exploitation, open cast pits and underground pits; high and low step techniques. Diamond Wire cutting techniques, Saw Chains cutters, Fire and Water Cutting Techniques. Exploitations ratio and Landfill.
Dimension Stone Shops. The production Planning Organization; The PERT Techniques, Minimal and maximal Productiveness. The Functional Analysis Space Technique.
The Exploitation method planning and the step-by-step Recovery. Visibility Charts and Visual Impact mitigation.

Decontamination, recovery and remediation. Naturalistic Engineering Techniques, open-cast pits lakes. Pits outfielders’ Impacts: Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations; Monitoring and mitigating Methods. Occupational Health and Safety. Main Laws in force (Italy, Europe, Areas), Risk Assessment and evaluation (DPR 624). Main Hazards Characterizations, Incidents, Injuries, Accidents, Professional Illness. Noise, Airborne Dusts, Vibrations (DPR 128).
Executive Quarry designing arrangement and Environment recovery.

Lecture notes and texts distributed by the teacher

The industrial enterprise
Organization and scope of industrial enterprise. Classification of production systems. Analysis of production processes (process mapping and performance estimation). Little’s law. Impact of flow and process variability on main performance measures. Analysis of lot size effects on capacity, lead time and manufacturing cost. Lot sizing criteria in repetitive manufacturing.

Demand forecast
Analysis of demand variability components (random fluctuations, trends, seasonality). Classification of quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods. Linear regression causal models, time series methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) and seasonal forecasting methods. Estimation of forecast error. Demand estimation for new products: market size and market penetration dynamics (Bass model).

Fundamentals of production planning and control
Analysis of P-Time and D-Time. Push and Pull production systems. Make to Stock, Assemble to Order, Make to Order ed Engineering to Order systems. The hierarchical production planning framework.

Aggregate planning
Alternatives to match production and demand. Trial and error aggregate planning methods (chase, level and mixed plans). LP models for the aggregate planning problem.

Master production scheduling
Criteria to disaggregate an aggregate plan and methods to develop a Master Production Schedule (MPS) based on items forecast and firm orders. Etsimation of Available to Promise capacity. Difference of MPS in MTS and ATO settings.

Requirements planning
MRPI and II methods. Capacity Requirements Planning. Lot sizing criteria for materials requirements planning. Limitations of MRP systems.

Operational planning and manufacturing execution
Final Assembly Schedule and operational plans. Criteria for job release and queues control. Heuristic rules for job scheduling and priority assignment. Production advancement and control systems.

Pull production systems
Kanban method and production leveling techniques. Methods for sequencing mixed model assembly lines. CONWIP. Comparison of push and pull systems.

Inventory management
Classification and scope of inventories. Relevant costs in inventory management. Management of dependent demand materials: economic order quantitym reorder cycle and reorder level policies. Service level and computation of safety stock. Benefits of safety stock pooling. Management of dependent demand items: lot by lot and dynamic lot sizing techniques. Newsboy model and single period order sizing. ABC classification and warehouse performance measures.

Lecture notes provided by instructor and uploaded on Moodle web site.

• Elements of the theory of the vibrations
o Single degree of freedom
o Multi degree of freedom
o Continuos models: beams, plates and shells
• Finite element method
• Critical speeds

• Graff K. F., Wave motion in elastic solids, Dover, 1975.
• Weaver W. Jr, Timoshenko S. P., Young D. H., “Vibration problems in engineering” – Wiley Interscience
• Soedel W., “Vibrations of shells and plates” – Dekker Mechanical Engineering

The course focuses on the study of production technologies for chip removal and CAD/CAE/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Engineering/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) for product design and planning and programming of the product production and processing process. The mechanics of cutting and sizing of the tool will be examined. The mechanics of cutting. Recalls on the processing by material subtraction: turning, milling, drilling. Tool sizing in turning, milling and drilling. Tool interaction - material in machining by chip removal. Tool wear and Taylor’s law. Numerically controlled machining optimization. Optimization of machining parameters. Maximum economy criterion. Maximum productivity criterion. Optimal choice. Sensitivity analysis. Single-axis machining. Single-axis machining with variable feed. Multi-axis machining. Multi-axis and multi-stage machining. Advanced methods of numerical control optimization. Numerical control of machine tools. The generality of numerical control machining systems. The architecture of a numerical control machining system. Description of the components of CNC machining systems. Handling systems. References. Absolute and incremental movements. Control systems. Tools. Control unit. Design of mechanical components and preparation of the worksheet. The methodologies and techniques of three-dimensional CAD modeling of the product and the analysis and graphic representation of the functional and aesthetic requirements will be analyzed, the data structures that define the product and the production process and the issues related to the choice and application of advanced integrated IT tools to support product design activities and planning and programming of the process of production and automatic machining by CNC machine tools. The integrated CAD modeling and CAE techniques and tools for simulation and verification of the functional behavior of the product and the CAM tools for planning and programming the machining concerning the design issues will be analyzed collaborative and integration of processes and systems, systematically using application case studies of interest to the engineering industry and CAD/CAE/CAM systems available on the market. There will be guided exercises on the use of a commercial CAD/CAE/CAM system for example and the execution, using this system, of a year’s work related to the CAD design of a mechanical component and the automatic CAM programming of its machining with CNC machine tool; the execution and delivery of the work of the year is a prerequisite for taking the exam.

KALPAKJIAN, Serope; SCHMID, Steven R. Manufacturing Engineering. Technology, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1989), 2009.
SANTOCHI, Marco; GIUSTI, Francesco. Tecnologia meccanica e studi di fabbricazione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2000.

The design process: problem definition, establishment of objectives, generation of alternatives, preliminary design, detailed design.
Thermal systems design: selection of machines and equipment, cost accounting, economic analysis.
Conventional versus optimum design process: optimum design problem formulation, design variables and degrees of freedom, cost function, design constraints, examples of optimum design problem formulations.
Design as a result of subsequent analyses: analysis model definition, mathematical formulation, sequential and simultaneous approach.
Theory of similitude and its application to design.
Optimisation of processes to produce electricity, heat and cold.
Design approach for heat transfer devices.
Steam generators: typologies, fuels, combustion, heat transfer, thermo-mechanical design criteria, efficiency.
Sizing of machines and apparatuses of thermo-mechanical plants.

CIRILLO F., Progetto di sistemi meccanici, Mc Graw-Hill.
ARORA J. S., Introduction To Optimum Design, Mc Graw-Hill.
BOEHM R. F., Design Analysis of Thermal Systems, John Wiley&son
STOECKER W. F., Design of Thermal Systems, Mc Graw-Hill International.
ANNARATONE D., Calcolo termico di generatori di vapore, Tamburini Editore.

Introduction to Functional Design: design methods, classification according to Artobolewsky, functional classification: rigid body guidance, function generator, path generator. Topological Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms: graph-mechanism correspondence; enumeration of kinematic chains, graphs isomorphism and planarity. Kinematic Analysis and Synthesis of mechanisms for finite displacements: method based on the displacement matrices, plane and spatial motions, Freudenstein’s equation. Kinematic Synthesis of mechanisms for infinitesimal displacements: Classical and Generalized Burmester’s Theory, general methods based on geometric invariants and on centrodes; kinematic analysis with kinematic invariants, cognate mechanisms. Automotive: automatic gearbox, epicyclic and differential gear drives, suspensions and steering mechanisms, clutches. Transmissions and actuation: parallel, bevel and skew axis transmissions, joints, principle of inertia match. Lubrication: Elasto-Hydro-Dynamic Lubrication EHL. Dynamic simulation of Multi Body Systems and of continuum structures: methods for the solution of the set of dynamic equations of a MBS with constraints; dynamic simulation of structures via FEA. Compliant mechanisms: Kinematic, kinetostatic and dynamic analysis and simulation of compliant mechanisms. Isotropic compliance: synthesis of the compliance in E(3) and SE(3) for mechanisms and robots. MEMS and NEMS: design, simulation, fabrication, characterization, test and operational strategies of micro/nano electro mechanical systems. Mechatronics: control of mechanisms in dynamic regime, mechanisms for the automation, ratchet and Geneva mechanisms, microcontrollers. Creativity in Design: Atlases of mechanisms, TRIZ and LT. Computational intelligence: optimization of mechanisms for performance indices, pressure angle and mechanical gain.

Materials available on the Moodle platform.

Di Benedetto, A., Pennestrì, E., Introduzione alla cinematica dei meccanismi, CEA, Voll. 1, 2 e 3.

Lectures and exercises on:
- classification according to Artobolewsky
- functional design of automotive elements: automatic transmissions, epicyclic gears, differentials, suspensions and dampers, steering mechanisms, clutches and couplings
- compliant mechanisms: kinematic analysis and synthesis of selective compliance mechanisms, kinetostatic analysis, dynamic analysis
- MEMS and NEMS: design, simulation, fabrication, characterization, testing and operational modes of micro/nano electro mechanical systems
- Special applications in mechanics

Performance and metrological characteristics of measurement systems for industry: basics of metrology and measurement methods. Analysis and processing of dynamic measurements. Applied statistics to industrial measurements and quality control. Fundamentals of Technical Writing.
Measurement systems and signal processing for industrial applications: impedance matching, amplifiers, filtering, signal modulation and demodulation, bridge circuits, linearization, communication standards of measurement devices. Elements of digital data acquisition systems and sensor fusion. Sensor networks: fundamentals and applications.
Methods and devices for mechanical and thermal measurements in industry and manufacturing, e.g. non-invasive measurement systems, optical measurement methods, ultrasound systems , tactile sensors, MEMS, ecc. Industrial Instrumentation management

• W. C. Dunn, Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, McGraw-Hill, 2005
• C. W. de Silva , Sensors and actuators – Engineering System Instrumentation, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
• Beckwith T.G., Marangoni R.D. & Lienhard J.H, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007
• R. S. Figliola, D. E. Beasley, Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2015
• Hughes, T. Hase, Measurements and their Uncertainties A practical guide to modern error analysis, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2010
• W. Navidi, Probabilità e statistica per l'ingegneria e le scienze, Mc Graw Hill, 2006
• F. P. Branca, Misure meccaniche, E.S.A. Editrice, Roma 1980
• P. Cappa, Sensori e Trasduttori per Misure Meccaniche e Termiche, Voll. I-III, Borgia Editore, 1994
• Statistical Quality Control Handbook, Western Electric, 1956
• M. G. Natrella, Experimental Statistics, National Bureau of Standards Handbook 91, 1963
• Douglas C.Montgomery, Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009
• G. Malagola, A. Ponterio, La metrologia dimensionale: teoria e procedure di taratura, Società Editrice Esculapio, 2013
• A. Brunelli, Manuale di taratura degli strumenti di misura, GISI, 2012