Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

The course aims to offer:
(1) an introduction to the Hellenistic world (2 lessons);
(2) an introduction to the world of the Greek poleis at that time and to the new phenomenon of royalty (2 lessons);
(3) in-depth lessons on the relationship between poleis and sovereigns (5 lessons);
(4) in-depth lessons on the hellenistic poleis’ political institutions (in the aspects of continuity and evolution), the role of the élite, and the intense mutual interconnection between poleis, made of diplomatic relations, exchange of honors and judges, recognition of syngeneia, common participation in cults (9-10 lessons);
(5) the presentation by the students of some topics related to the course and agreed with the teacher.

The topics will be addressed taking into account literary, epigraphic, archaeological and iconographic sources.
During the lessons an introduction to the main databases of Greek literary texts and inscriptions and to the most important bibliographic research tools will also be made.

A) M. Mari (a cura di), L’età ellenistica. Società, politica, cultura, Roma, Carocci Editore, 2019 (intero volume).
B) J. Ma, “Peer Polity Interaction in the Hellenistic Age”, P&P, 180, 9-40.
C) A. Chaniotis, “The Divinity of Hellenistic Ruler”, in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford 2003, 431-445.
D) L. Moretti, La scuola, il ginnasio, l’efebia, in R. Bianchi Bandinelli (dir.), Storia e civiltà dei Greci, 8. La società ellenistica. Economia, diritto, religione, Milano 1977, 469-490.
E) Two essays chosen from the following ones:
- essays by John Ma, Riet van Bremen, Patrice Baker, David Potter in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford 2003;
- Chr. Müller, “Oligarchy and the Hellenistic City”, in H. Börm – N. Luraghi (eds.), The Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart, F. Steiner Verlag, 2018, 27-52.
F) Material provided by the teacher.

Course description
The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allostudio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna, 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237-426. (reprint 2010).
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

It is recommended to attend the lectures.

Further bibliographic references and other didactic materials (in particular texts by classical authors, transcriptions of inscriptions, images) will be provided during the lectures.

STUDENTS 509/99 – Bibliographic references and didactic materials should be discussed with the Supervisor.

The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of Latin and Greek manuscripts, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, both the external characteristics of manuscripts will be examined (material techniques for the preparation of the book as a physical object, methods and tools for its preparation, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), and the cultural panorama of the times and places of origin of manuscript books. Therefore, each aspect will be illustrated by choosing a reference manuscript witness.
This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Course title 2022-2023
The Garden of Eden, earthly paradise and/or heavenly paradise.
Semester: I, 6 CFU
In the Genesis 2: 8-16 account, the Lord creates a garden in Eden, where every fruit tree flourishes and where both the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil are found. We all know how the story later ended, how Adam and Eve were banished from this earthly paradise for disobeying the divine command and eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge. Eden, however, continued to remain firmly rooted in the late antique and medieval imagination as a place of delights, located sometimes in a remote and inaccessible location on earth, sometimes in the heavens, either clearly distinct from the heavenly paradise or instead confused with the latter, depending on the different conceptions of the authors who spoke about it. The course, through the analysis of a variety of sources (educational trips are also planned) and the presentation of some significant historiographical approaches to the theme, seeks to explore the rich symbolism of the Garden of Eden elaborated in the ancient and early medieval Christian world and its reflection in monastic spirituality, as well as in Christian iconography and in the architecture of sacred spaces.

Attending students
Bibliographic material will be indicated and provided during the course.

Presentation of the essential notions of the typology, such as the relationship between typology and universals, the notion of 'type' at the various levels of analysis, and the relationship of typology with sociolinguistics, language teaching, areal and genetic comparison. Deepening of the mechanisms and explanations of linguistic change, also from the typological perspective. Special reflection on the concepts of grammaticalization and reanalysis. Case study on the diachronic typology of the perfect.

Grandi, N., 2003, Fondamenti di tipologia linguistica, Roma, Carocci.
Napoli, M., 2019, Linguistica diacronica, Roma Carocci.

Additional material will be provided during the course.

The Course aimed to provide a geographically wider overview of the catacombs of Italy, analysing in detail those of Umbria and Tuscany.

Bibliography will be provided during the course lessons.

Not attending students should agree a bibliography with the professor.

The course is divided into subunits, each of which dedicated to a "marginal" aspect of Greek society that will be critically analyzed. Some hours will be reserved to pottery production system. We will talk about Women, gender and sexuality, Work and society
The course will consist of lectures, class discussion, educational visits, practise activities

The bibliography will be discussed during the first lesson

Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

The course will reconstruct the historical evolution of cartography, retracing the modes of representation from antiquity to the eighteenth-century geodetic revolution, up to the creation of the Military Geographic Institute. Particular emphasis will be given to the deconstruction of geocartographic materials, to their use in geo-historical research for the study of landscape transformations.

Attending students:
- The exam will focus on the topics covered in class, on slides in ppt and supplementary learning material provided during the course.
Non-Attending Students:
- E. Boria, Storia della cartografia in Italia dall’Unità a oggi. Tra scienza, società e progetti di potere, Milano, Utet, 2020 (pp.XI-299)

Literature in the print shops

For Renaissance literature, the printing press is not only a new and more powerful means of disseminating texts: it constitutes a new way of confronting the cultural, political and social reality of the time and it creates a new literary horizon, with the establishment of new genres, new professional figures and a new audience. It is also a competitive and litigious world, characterised by licit and illicit advertising strategies, misappropriations and outright fraud.
Analysing particularly significant cases of authors (Ludovico Ariosto, Baldassarre Castiglione, Torquato Tasso), publishers (Niccolò Zoppino, Gabriele Giolito, Aldo Manuzio) and problems characterising the relationship between literature and the press in the 16th century (from the relationship with orality to the question of language, from problems related to publishing privileges to the affirmation of women's voices), the course intends to examine in its various aspects this new reality, a point of no return for western literary and cultural history.

extbooks for attending students:

- Amedeo Quondam, La letteratura in tipografia, in Letteratura italiana II. Produzione e consumo, Torino, Einaudi, 1983, pp. 555-686**
- Brian Richardson, Pubblicazione a stampa: mecenatismo, contratti e privilegi, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 75-107**
- Brian Richardson, Dalla penna alla stampa: gli scrittori alle prese con la stampa, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 108-164**
- Conor Fahy, L’autore in tipografia: le edizioni ferraresi dell’Orlando furioso, in I libri di Orlando innamorato, Modena, Panini, 1987, pp. 105-115*
- Giancarlo Alfano, Una forma per tutti gli usi: l’ottava rima, in Atlante della letteratura italiana, a cura di Sergio Luzzatto e Gabriele Pedullà, vol. II, Dalla Contro-riforma alla restaurazione, a cura di Erminia Irace, Torino, Einaudi, 2011, pp. 31-37**
- Rosa Salzberg, La lira, la penna e la stampa: cantastorie ed editoria popolare nella Venezia del Cinquecento, Milano, C.R.E.L.E.B., Università Cattolica, Milano Edizioni CUSL, 2011**
**Supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici.
Other materials will be provided during the lessons.

Textbooks for non-attending students:
Non-attending students should add the following texts to the syllabus for attending students:

- Lodovica Braida, Stampa e cultura in Europa tra 15° e 16° secolo, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2000

- Brian Richardson, Lettori e cultura della stampa, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 165-233**
- Marco Santoro, L’era del consolidamento (1500-1600), in Storia del libro italiano, Milano, Editrice Tipografica, 1994, pp. 71-136**
Marina Roggero, Libri di cavalleria, in Libri per tutti: generi editoriali di larga circolazione tra antico regime ed età contemporanea, a cura di Lodovica Braida e Mario Infelise; saggi di Giorgio Bacci ... [et al.], Torino, Utet, 2010, pp. 23-41**
Massimo Rospocher, Dall’oralità alla stampa: rivoluzione o transi¬zione? I cantastorie nel sistema multimediale del Cinquecento, in La transizione come problema storiografico. Le fasi critiche dello sviluppo della modernità (1494-1973), a cura di Paolo Pombe¬ni e Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Bologna, il Mulino, 2013, pp. 151-172**
**Supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici.

This course focuses on practice of teaching Latin language in the schools with reference to morphology, metrical analysis and prose text translation

Didactic handouts available on the teacher's online page

LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE
Various topics of grammar and textuality of Italian in the literary text will be tackled: through the observation of the functioning of the structures in the literary text, students will arrive at deepening and perfecting their grammatical and linguistic knowledge, also learning how to exploit the literary text in L1 and L2 teaching.

Linguistica e testi letterari. Modelli, strumenti e analisi, a cura di Sveva Frigerio, Roma, Carocci, 2022.
Handouts available on the Teams platform.

The Course aimed to provide a geographically wider overview of the catacombs of Italy, analysing in detail those of Umbria and Tuscany.

Bibliography will be provided during the course lessons.

Not attending students should agree a bibliography with the professor.

On the basis of documents and contemporary testimonies to the different linguistic phenomena, the course will illustrate some aspects of linguistic communication in Latin, considered in its diachronic development (from protohistory to the Romance) and in its various registers (standard and informal). The reading and analysis of various texts regarding Latin epistular genre is aimed at providing the tools to grasp the specificities of the historical evolution of the Latin language and to identify its morphosyntactic and stylistic peculiarities. For this purpose the course consists of:
(1) A number of lessons minded in particular to offer an overview of the history of the Latin language from its origins up to the 6th century A.D., through the reconstruction of its evolution in the dimension of language of everyday use and literary language;
(2) Setting, reading, italian translation and commentary of Latin epistolary texts in prose (from Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the Younger, Fronto, Symmachus, Sidonius Apollinaris) and in poetry (Claudian).

As far as point 1:
- (a) F. Berardi, Le vie del latino. Storia della lingua latina con elementi di grammatica storica, Galatina, Congedo Editore, 2021 (2a ediz.).
- (b) Further bibliography and tools about the texts in the syllabus will be given during the course, and made available on line at the url of the course.

As far as point 2:
- (a) A. Fusi - A. Luceri, Gli epistolari, in A. Fusi-A. Luceri-P. Parroni-G. Piras (edited by), Lo Spazio Letterario di Roma antica, vol. VII (I Testi. 2 – Prosa), Roma, Salerno Editrice, 2012, pp. 505-596.
- (b) Claudio Claudiano, Carmina minora 19, 22, 23, 31, 40 e 41 [selected pages from M.L. Ricci, Claudii Claudiani Carmina minora, Bari, Edipuglia, 2001]

Non-attending students will integrate the program with the individual study of the following text:

- Elena Malaspina, La comunicazione linguistica in latino. Testimonianze e documenti, Seconda edizione riveduta e ampliata con la collaborazione di Ermanno Malaspina, Alessandria, Ediz. dell’Orso, 2014.

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Jews and Romans in the 1st century AD

The course is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the ways in which Rome has organized its government on the Near East. Particular attention will be paid to the history of Palestine in the 1st century AD. The reading of the Jewish War by Josephus and other contemporary texts will allow students to acquire adequate information on the problems of the Jewish society of the period.

Flavio Giuseppe- La guerra giudaica, a cura di Giovanni Vitucci, Mondadori Editore, Milano 1982.
Giulio Firpo, Le rivolte giudaiche, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1999
Linda Marie Günther- Erode il Grande, Salerno
Editrice, Roma 2007

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

Early Christian buildings and the mosaic decorations in the Italian peninsula (4th-6th century)

The aim of the course is to reconstruct the diffusion and the characteristics of the mosaic production of the Early Christian buildings in the main centers of the peninsula between the 4th and 6th centuries.
The study will focus on archaeological, iconographic, stylistic and artistic issues.
The course includes visits.

Texts:
F. Bisconti, Imprese musive paleocristiane negli edifici di culto dell’Italia Meridionale, in Atti del IV Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Palermo 9-13 dicembre 1996, Tivoli 1997, pp. 733-746.
F. Bisconti, A. Nestori, I mosaici paleocristiani di Santa Maria Maggiore negli acquerelli della collezione Wilpert, Città del Vaticano 2000.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici nel cimitero di S. Gaudioso: revisione iconografica ed approfondimenti iconologici, in Atti del VII Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Venezia 22-25 marzo 2000, Tivoli 2001, pp. 87-98.
F. Bisconti, Interazioni tematiche e formali tra le decorazioni musive delle aule teodoriane e dei cosiddetti oratori di Aquileia, in Antichità Altoadriatiche, 62 (2006), pp. 139-154.
F. Bisconti, M. Braconi, Il mosaico parietale nella Roma paleocristiana: dalla committenza imperiale ai programmi pontifici, in XII Colloquio AIEMA, Venezia 11-15 settembre 2012, Verona 2015, pp. 47-55.
F. Bisconti, Napoli. Catacombe di S. Gennaro. Cripta dei Vescovi. Restauri ultimi, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 91 (2015), pp. 7-34.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici cristiani della tarda antichità. Orizzonti figurativi e programmi iconografici, in G. Castiglia, Ph. Pergola (ed.), Instrumentum Domesticum. Archeologia Cristiana, temi, metodologie e cultura materiale della tarda antichità e dell’alto medioevo, Città del Vaticano 2020, pp. 483-527.

Not attending students must add:
F. Bisconti, Temi di iconografia paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000, Introduction (pp. 13-86) and a choice of 20 entries

The title of the 2022/2023 course is “Luxury. Prestigious productions". Through classroom lectures and educational visits to museums, monuments and sites in and around Rome, manufactures made of precious materials and of great artistic quality will be presented.

1. Lecture notes

2. G. CALCANI, Il collezionismo di antichità. Caratteristiche, storie e personaggi dall'Antichità classica al Medioevo, Efesto Edizioni

The second section of the Byzantine civilization teaching, addressed to graduate students of Classics, History and Art, aims to re-open the historical dossier on the fall/conquest of Constantinople after forty years from the premature death of the best scholar on this subject, Agostino Pertusi, trying to complete his research on unedited and edited historical sources on the event.
Firstly, this section shall try to reconstruct the different phases of the siege and of the final battle on the 29th of May 1453, in which the Osman Turks of Mehmet II Fatîh brought to an end, at least politically, the Byzantine empire and the eleventh centuries of Byzantine life.
The analysis of the events shall be done by a comparative reading and a precise exegesis of ‘official’ sources of both the sides, namely Byzantine (George Sphrantzes, Doukas, Critobulos, Laonikos Calcondilas) and western sources (Isidore of Kiev, Leonard of Chios, Niccolò Barbaro) but also islamic ones, particularly those of the Ottoman Chroniclers of the cohort of Mehmet II (Tursun Beg e Ibn Kemâl).
To this first group of sources, which, although they are known to the historians, could yet still be given other interpretations, we shall add the exploration of less known attestations, which are either partially edited or still unedited. These attestations are actually memorials of different sort that various observers from different lineage and nations wrote, to be used by powerful people of whom they were or could be considered emissaries: the so-called ‘spies’voices’ that are yet to be considered in the historical evaluation of the battle of the 29th of May 1453.

S. Ronchey, Lo Stato bizantino, Torino, Einaudi, 2002

A. Pertusi (a c. di), La caduta di Costantinopoli, 2 voll., Fondazione Lorenzo Valla / Mondadori, Milano 1976

“I will made of it, istead of a tragedy, a comic play”: Plautus’ Amphitruo. In the course a literary setting of the comedy will be offered, toghether with a close reading of the latin text, with italian interpretation and a full commentary, paying particular attention to the aspects of staging and poetical shape (models, metrics, style).

- Tito Maccio Plauto, Anfitrione, a cura di R. Oniga. Introduzione di M. Bettini, ed. Marsilio; or: Plautus, Amphitruo, ed. by D. M. Christenson, Cambridge University Press.
- Plauto, Molière, Kleist, Giraudoux, Anfitrione. Variazioni sul mito, a cura di L. Pasetti, ed. Marsilio.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.
Seneca's two faces. Manuscript tradition and text of Seneca's Apokolokyntosis and Consolatio ad Polybium.

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);
- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line at the url of the course]
- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura);
- As for the Apokolokyntosis, an edition as preferred among: Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokolokyntosis, a cura di G. Vannini, Milano (Mondadori), Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokokyntosis, introduzione, traduzione e note a cura di R. Mugellesi, Milani (Rizzoli) e Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokokyntosis, a cura di G. Focardi, Firenze (Giunti).
- As for the Consolation ad Polybium: Lucio Anneo Seneca, Le consolazioni: a Marcia, alla madre Helvia, a Polibio, introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Traina, Milano (Rizzoli).
- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the syllabus will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.

The course aims to enhance the knowledge of the Etruscan world by focusing in particular on the history of the political and social structures of Etruscan cities, studied through the evidence of archeology, historical sources and epigraphy.

G. Bartoloni (ed.), Introduzione all’etruscologia, Hoepli, Milano, 2012 (or subsequent reprints: chapters 1, 3-6, 8-12).
M. Cristofani (ed.), Etruschi: una nuova immagine, Giunti, Firenze, 1985 (or subsequent reprints: pp. 33-72)
V. Bellelli, E. Benelli, Gli Etruschi. La scrittura, la lingua, la società, Carocci, Roma, 2018.
Further literature will be suggested during the lessons.

The course will focus on Plotinus' account of eternity and time in his treatise III.7.
Plotinus' text will be explained in detail and the following issues will be considered:
1: Plotinus' method of inquiry
2: Eternity and the intelligible realm
3: Time, soul and the physical world.

a] Plotino, Sull'eternità e il tempo, in Enneadi di Plotino, a cura di M. Casaglia, C. Guidelli, A. Linguiti, F. Moriani, vol. 1, UTET, Torino 1997, pp. 471-498.
A. H. Armstrong (ed. and trans.), Plotinus, vol. 3, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1967, pp. 293-355.

[b] R. Chiaradonna, Plotino, Carocci, Roma 2009 (più volte ristampato).
R. Chiaradonna, Eternity and Time, in L.P. Gerson and J. Wilberding, The New Cambridge Companion to Plotinus, CUP, Cambridge 2022, pp. 267-288.
P. Kalligas, The Enneads of Plotinus: A Commentary, vol. 1, trans. E. K. Fowden and N. Pilavachi, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2014, pp. 577-620 (Commento a: III 7. On Eternity and Time).
S.K. Strange, ‘Plotinus on the Nature of Eternity and Time’, in L. Schrenk (ed.), Aristotle in Late Antiquity, Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 22–53.


[c] Students are required to prepare a paper in Italian or English (3.000 words) about one of the following topics:

[i] Plotinus' Method of inquiry in III.7
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] va aggiunto il seguente articolo:
A. Cornea, ‘Athroa epibolê: On an Epicurean Formula in Plotinus’ Work’, in A. Longo and D. P. Taormina (eds.), Plotinus and Epicurus: Matter, Perception, Pleasure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, pp. 177–188.
A. Michalewski, ‘Plotinus on the Conception of Time (ennoia chronou): A Re-Examination of Enn. 3.7(45).12’, Méthexis 33, 2021, pp. 151–169.
R. Chiaradonna, ‘Athroa Epibolê: Galen as a Source for Plotinus, 3.7(45)’, Méthexis 34, 2022, pp. 109-118.

[ii] Eternity and the intelligible world
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] vanno aggiunti i seguenti articoli:
L. Karfíková, ‘Eternity According to Plotinus, Enn. III,7’, Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 58 (2), 2011, pp. 437–452.
J. Wilberding, ‘Eternity in Ancient Philosophy’, in Y. Melamed (ed.), Eternity: A History, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pp. 14–55.

[iii] Time, soul and the physical world
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] vanno aggiunti i seguenti articoli:
R. Chiaradonna, ‘Il tempo misura del movimento? Plotino e Aristotele (Enn. III 7 [45])’, in M. Bonazzi and F. Trabattoni (eds.), Platone e la tradizione platonica: Studi di filosofia antica, Cisalpino, Milano 2003, pp. 221–250.
R.W. Sharples, ‘Alexander of Aphrodisias, On Time’, Phronesis 27 (1), 1982, pp. 58–81.
F. Karfík, ‘Le temps et l’âme chez Plotin: À propos des Ennéades VI 5 [23] 11; IV 4 [28] 15–16; III 7 [45] 11’, Elenchos 33 (2), 2012, pp. 227–257.

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Petrarch's world: Italian and European literature, culture and society of the fourteenth century. The course will focus on the historical figure of Francesco Petrarca, on his works and on his founding role of Renaissance humanism, through the plurality of his interests and his relationships. The reconstruction of the author's biographical and cultural profile will be based on a careful examination of the historical, political and cultural context in which he worked and of the figures of his correspondents and friends, in particular of those dedicated to the studia humanitatis. The course is of a seminar nature and requires the active participation of students for the preparation of biographical profiles of Petrarch's correspondents or authors who have been in contact with him.

L. Marcozzi, Profilo biografico del Petrarca. In F. Rico, I venerdì del Petrarca, Milano, Adelphi, 2016, pp. 67-176.
M. Ariani, Petrarca, Roma, Salerno editrice, 1999.
N. Tonelli, Leggere il Canzoniere, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2017.
Lessico critico petrarchesco, a cura di L. Marcozzi e R. Brovia, Roma, Carocci, 2016.
Further texts provided by the lecturer.

The course will reconstruct the historical evolution of cartography, retracing the modes of representation from antiquity to the eighteenth-century geodetic revolution, up to the creation of the Military Geographic Institute. Particular emphasis will be given to the deconstruction of geocartographic materials, to their use in geo-historical research for the study of landscape transformations.

Attending students:
- The exam will focus on the topics covered in class, on slides in ppt and supplementary learning material provided during the course.
Non-Attending Students:
- E. Boria, Storia della cartografia in Italia dall’Unità a oggi. Tra scienza, società e progetti di potere, Milano, Utet, 2020 (pp.XI-299)

The history of our language can also be read and studied using dictionaries which have described and codified it. The module focuses on the diachronic and synchronic study of the Italian lexicon through lexicography. After having clarified the basic terms of the discipline, we will retrace the history of dictionaries in Italy, from its origins to the present day; typologies and compositional structures of some important dictionaries will be examined.

- V. Della Valle (2005), Dizionari italiani: storia, tipi, struttura, Roma, Carocci.
- C. Marazzini (2009), L’ordine delle parole. Storia di vocabolari italiani, Bologna, il Mulino: chapters III, VI, VIII.2 and 3 (photocopies made available by the teacher).
- I. Consales (2021), Nell’officina del lessicografo. Saggi di lessicografia italiana, Roma, Aracne, 2021.

The course aims to provide the essential tools to deal critically and consciously with the content and perspectives posed by the teaching of Ancient Greek in secondary school today. The lectures will follow three lines of analysis:
(A) the current normative framework governing the teaching of Greek language and literature in the secondary school;
(B) current teaching methodologies, which will be discussed on the basis of an analysis of the textbooks in use;
(C) tools for the development of didactic paths; this part of the course is organised in the form of a workshop dedicated to textual analysis (a selection of texts from the 5th to the 3rd century B.C., from Herodotus to Aristotle, will be read and commented upon) and to the development of didactic approaches (by themes, literary genres and historical-cultural contexts) with particular attention to digital resources.
Course attendance is optional. Attending students must guarantee attendance to at least two thirds of the lessons (27 out of 40 hours). A reduced syllabus is available for attending students (see section D in Bibliography).

For sections A, B and C the bibliographical material will be made available to the students by the lecturer at the beginning of the lessons; (D) one volume to be chosen from: F. Carta Piras, Didactics of Greek Language and Literature. Materiali per la didattica del greco e per la funzione docente (Sandhi: Ortacesus 2011); L. Canfora - U. Cardinale (eds.), Disegnare il futuro con intelligenza antica. L’insegnamento del latino e del greco antico in Italia e nel mondo (Il Mulino: Bologna 2012); R. Oniga - U. Cardinale (eds.), Lingue antiche e moderne dai licei alle università (Il Mulino: Bologna 2012). For attending students it is not necessary to prepare this part of the bibliography.

The sonnet in the Italian tradition as an instrument of autobiography, evocation, literary controversy.

G. Contini, Letteratura italiana delle Origini, Milano, BUR Rizzoli
F. Suitner, I poeti del medio evo, Roma, Carocci
Inoltre:
F. Magro-A. Soldani, Il sonetto italiano. Dalle origini a oggi, Roma, Carocci
M. Fubini, Il sonetto, in Metrica e poesia. Lezioni sulle forme metriche italiane, Milano, Feltrinelli, pp. 146-167
Further information on the texts to be prepared will be provided during the lessons.
Non-attending students will contact the teacher for instructions and additions to the program.

The "Greek Literature I LM" course is intended for students who wish to combine the deepening of their knowledge of ancient Greek with the acquisition of valid critical tools for the interpretation of literary texts. The course comprises:
(A) a series of lectures aimed at illustrating the hermeneutic perspectives of the most recent criticism in its various articulations;
(B) the reading, translation and classroom commentary of a selection of texts from Callimachus' Aetia.
Course attendance is optional. Attending students must guarantee attendance at least two-thirds of the lessons (27 out of 40 hours). There is a reduced syllabus for attending students (see section C in Bibliography).

(A) an essential bibliography will be indicated by the lecturer at the beginning of the course; (B) a translation of Callimachus' Aetia with the Greek text is required, e.g. G. B. D'Alessio, Callimachus (BUR: Milan 1996); (C) M. Fantuzzi - R. L. Hunter, Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry (CUP: Cambridge 2004). Attending students are not required to prepare for this volume.

Early Christian buildings and the mosaic decorations in the Italian peninsula (4th-6th century)

The aim of the course is to reconstruct the diffusion and the characteristics of the mosaic production of the Early Christian buildings in the main centers of the peninsula between the 4th and 6th centuries.
The study will focus on archaeological, iconographic, stylistic and artistic issues.
The course includes visits.

Texts:
F. Bisconti, Imprese musive paleocristiane negli edifici di culto dell’Italia Meridionale, in Atti del IV Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Palermo 9-13 dicembre 1996, Tivoli 1997, pp. 733-746.
F. Bisconti, A. Nestori, I mosaici paleocristiani di Santa Maria Maggiore negli acquerelli della collezione Wilpert, Città del Vaticano 2000.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici nel cimitero di S. Gaudioso: revisione iconografica ed approfondimenti iconologici, in Atti del VII Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Venezia 22-25 marzo 2000, Tivoli 2001, pp. 87-98.
F. Bisconti, Interazioni tematiche e formali tra le decorazioni musive delle aule teodoriane e dei cosiddetti oratori di Aquileia, in Antichità Altoadriatiche, 62 (2006), pp. 139-154.
F. Bisconti, M. Braconi, Il mosaico parietale nella Roma paleocristiana: dalla committenza imperiale ai programmi pontifici, in XII Colloquio AIEMA, Venezia 11-15 settembre 2012, Verona 2015, pp. 47-55.
F. Bisconti, Napoli. Catacombe di S. Gennaro. Cripta dei Vescovi. Restauri ultimi, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 91 (2015), pp. 7-34.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici cristiani della tarda antichità. Orizzonti figurativi e programmi iconografici, in G. Castiglia, Ph. Pergola (ed.), Instrumentum Domesticum. Archeologia Cristiana, temi, metodologie e cultura materiale della tarda antichità e dell’alto medioevo, Città del Vaticano 2020, pp. 483-527.

Not attending students must add:
F. Bisconti, Temi di iconografia paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000, Introduction (pp. 13-86) and a choice of 20 entries

LANDSCAPE ARCHEOLOGY: between collective MEMORY, COMMUNITY and PROJECT. Landscape archaeology approaches the communities and the history of their territories, and it contributes to the definition of criteria for sustainable development. Various case studies will be examined relating to more or less successful experiments of integration of archaeological and historical landscape studies with the design and planning of contemporary landscape contexts. The legislative stages of the regulations on the protection of territorial contexts will be retraced, up to the Faro Convention (2005), its implications and its recent implementation in Italy. Guidelines will be drawn up for the application of forms and initiatives of public archaeology, on the basis of solid 'participatory' and shared research paths. Particular attention will be given to the dynamics of perception of the historical memory of the territories, to forms of active protection of the contemporary landscape (as a product of diachronic interactions between man and environment), to the public dimension of research on the cultural values of a landscape.

Reading in Italian:
-G. Volpe, Un patrimonio italiano. UTET 2016 (pp.29-180).
-G.Volpe, Archeologia Pubblica. Metodi, tecniche , esperienze. Carocci ed. 2020 (cap.1-4-5-6 + introduzione).
-F. Baratti, Ecomusei, paesaggi e comunità. Esperienze, progetti e ricerche nel Salento. Franco Angeli ed. 2012.

-C. Megale - S.Monti, Management per l’archeologia, pp. 145-211
-C. Broodbank, Il Mediterraneo. Piccola biblioteca Einaudi, pp.44-53
-E. Zanini et al., Uomini e cose a Vignale: bilancio di un decennio di archeologia pubblica, condivisa e (forse) sostenibile, in L'archeologia pubblica prima e dopo l'archeologia pubblica, supplemento 09, 2019, pp.473-525
-E. Farinetti, I segni delle trasformazioni del paesaggio antico tra città e campagna, in C. Travaglini (a cura di) Ricerche sul patrimonio urbano tra età tardo antica e moderna tra
Testaccio e Ostiense, «Roma moderna e contemporanea», XX, 2012, 2, pp. 499-509
-E. Farinetti, I paesaggi in archeologia: analisi e interpretazione, Carocci ed. 2012, pp. 44-53 (è consigliata la lettura integrale del volumetto a chi non ha sostenuto l'esame di archeologia dei paesaggi LT)

Reading in English is available on the Moodle platform. Please contact emeri.farinetti@uniroma3.it

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

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Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

Course description
The organization and workings of Imperial Rome. The central administration and those of the Provinces. The army’s role.

• P. ROMANELLI, Le Province e la loro amministrazione, in Guida allostudio della civiltà romana antica, edd. V. Ussani, F. Arnaldi, I, 1964, pp. 331-377.
• F. JACQUES, J. SCHEID, Roma e il suo impero. Istituzioni, economia, religione, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1992.
• E. LO CASCIO, Le tecniche dell'amministrazione, in Storia di Roma, II. L'impero mediterraneo, 2. I principi e il mondo, Torino, Einaudi, 1991, pp. 119-191.
• L. CRACCO RUGGINI, La città imperiale, in Storia di Roma, IV. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino, Einaudi, 1989, pp. 201-266.
• MEYER-ZWIFFELHOFFER, Storia delle Province romane, Universale Paperbacks il Mulino, Bologna, 2011.
• P. GROS, M. TORELLI, Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo romano, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1988, pp. 237-426. (reprint 2010).
• G. BEJOR, M.T. GRASSI, S. MAGGI, F. SLAVAZZI, Arte e Archeologia delle Province romane, Mondadori Università, Milano, 2011.

It is recommended to attend the lectures.

Further bibliographic references and other didactic materials (in particular texts by classical authors, transcriptions of inscriptions, images) will be provided during the lectures.

STUDENTS 509/99 – Bibliographic references and didactic materials should be discussed with the Supervisor.

The course aims to address the study of the characteristics of Latin and Greek manuscripts, with particular regard to their value for philological and historical-cultural studies. In this regard, both the external characteristics of manuscripts will be examined (material techniques for the preparation of the book as a physical object, methods and tools for its preparation, with regard to the professional figures involved in the production process), and the cultural panorama of the times and places of origin of manuscript books. Therefore, each aspect will be illustrated by choosing a reference manuscript witness.
This course will include both the examination of reproductions of manuscripts, in paper and electronic format, and the direct examination of manuscripts and writing materials, through visits to archives and libraries.

The final exam will include the knowledge of the material provided during lessons and the discussion of one subject which the student will decide to study in depth. In addition students are required to study the following texts:
• M. Maniaci, Breve storia del libro manoscritto, Roma, Carocci, 2019;
• M. L. Agati, Il libro manoscritto da Oriente a Occidente. Per una codicologia comparata, L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 2009 (a selection of chapters);
• M. Cursi, Le forme del libro. Dalla tavoletta cerata all’e-book, Il Mulino, Bologna 2016, cap. III (pp. 97-160);
• Two articles among those presented during the course.

Early Christian buildings and the mosaic decorations in the Italian peninsula (4th-6th century)

The aim of the course is to reconstruct the diffusion and the characteristics of the mosaic production of the Early Christian buildings in the main centers of the peninsula between the 4th and 6th centuries.
The study will focus on archaeological, iconographic, stylistic and artistic issues.
The course includes visits.

Texts:
F. Bisconti, Imprese musive paleocristiane negli edifici di culto dell’Italia Meridionale, in Atti del IV Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Palermo 9-13 dicembre 1996, Tivoli 1997, pp. 733-746.
F. Bisconti, A. Nestori, I mosaici paleocristiani di Santa Maria Maggiore negli acquerelli della collezione Wilpert, Città del Vaticano 2000.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici nel cimitero di S. Gaudioso: revisione iconografica ed approfondimenti iconologici, in Atti del VII Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico, Venezia 22-25 marzo 2000, Tivoli 2001, pp. 87-98.
F. Bisconti, Interazioni tematiche e formali tra le decorazioni musive delle aule teodoriane e dei cosiddetti oratori di Aquileia, in Antichità Altoadriatiche, 62 (2006), pp. 139-154.
F. Bisconti, M. Braconi, Il mosaico parietale nella Roma paleocristiana: dalla committenza imperiale ai programmi pontifici, in XII Colloquio AIEMA, Venezia 11-15 settembre 2012, Verona 2015, pp. 47-55.
F. Bisconti, Napoli. Catacombe di S. Gennaro. Cripta dei Vescovi. Restauri ultimi, in Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana, 91 (2015), pp. 7-34.
F. Bisconti, Mosaici cristiani della tarda antichità. Orizzonti figurativi e programmi iconografici, in G. Castiglia, Ph. Pergola (ed.), Instrumentum Domesticum. Archeologia Cristiana, temi, metodologie e cultura materiale della tarda antichità e dell’alto medioevo, Città del Vaticano 2020, pp. 483-527.

Not attending students must add:
F. Bisconti, Temi di iconografia paleocristiana, Città del Vaticano 2000, Introduction (pp. 13-86) and a choice of 20 entries

The course is divided into subunits, each of which dedicated to a "marginal" aspect of Greek society that will be critically analyzed. Some hours will be reserved to pottery production system. We will talk about Women, gender and sexuality, Work and society
The course will consist of lectures, class discussion, educational visits, practise activities

The bibliography will be discussed during the first lesson

Pierfrancesco PORENA, Latin Epigraphy (Master degree) (36 hours - 6 ECTS)
DISCIPLINARY FIELD: L-ANT/03

“From Turia to Paulina. Latin inscriptions about Roman women. Voices of Roman women in Latin inscriptions”.

Roman women emerge in our sources mainly through the point of view of men, who attempted to standardise them in Latin and Greek learned literature in prose and verse, and in legal literature. But the communicative density of Latin inscriptions conceals and reveals, as in a game of the said and unsaid, the richness of the Roman female universe. An immense and long-lived universe, populated by aristocrats, Roman citizens and foreigners, slaves and freedwomen, children, wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, old women and widows. Beneath a supeficially immobile reality, epigraphy whispers instincts and draws asymmetrical sensibilities in perpetual tension between submission to fathers, the inevitable reproductive duty, and the evolution of a society in which even men were prisoners of unquestionable models.

Attending Students: Handouts (PDFs) and materials provided by the teacher at the beginning of the course and during the lessons.

Non-attending Students:
- A. Buonopane, Manuale di epigrafia latina, NUOVA EDIZIONE, Roma (Carocci) 2020 (contiene link con la traduzione italiana dei testi epigrafici esaminati). [mandatory];
- Terme di Diocleziano. La collezione epigrafica, edited by R. Friggeri, M.G. Granino Cecere, G. Gregori, Milan (Electa) 2012 [757 pp. - € 46,00]: mandatory study of Room I + 4 Rooms of your choice.
Exercises: Visit to the 'Epigraphic Collection' (The Museum of Written Communication in the Roman World) of the National Roman Museum at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome.

Texts for specific non-attending programmes can be agreed with the teacher.

The course aims to enhance the knowledge of the Etruscan world by focusing in particular on the history of the political and social structures of Etruscan cities, studied through the evidence of archeology, historical sources and epigraphy.

G. Bartoloni (ed.), Introduzione all’etruscologia, Hoepli, Milano, 2012 (or subsequent reprints: chapters 1, 3-6, 8-12).
M. Cristofani (ed.), Etruschi: una nuova immagine, Giunti, Firenze, 1985 (or subsequent reprints: pp. 33-72)
V. Bellelli, E. Benelli, Gli Etruschi. La scrittura, la lingua, la società, Carocci, Roma, 2018.
Further literature will be suggested during the lessons.

The course will focus on Plotinus' account of eternity and time in his treatise III.7.
Plotinus' text will be explained in detail and the following issues will be considered:
1: Plotinus' method of inquiry
2: Eternity and the intelligible realm
3: Time, soul and the physical world.

a] Plotino, Sull'eternità e il tempo, in Enneadi di Plotino, a cura di M. Casaglia, C. Guidelli, A. Linguiti, F. Moriani, vol. 1, UTET, Torino 1997, pp. 471-498.
A. H. Armstrong (ed. and trans.), Plotinus, vol. 3, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1967, pp. 293-355.

[b] R. Chiaradonna, Plotino, Carocci, Roma 2009 (più volte ristampato).
R. Chiaradonna, Eternity and Time, in L.P. Gerson and J. Wilberding, The New Cambridge Companion to Plotinus, CUP, Cambridge 2022, pp. 267-288.
P. Kalligas, The Enneads of Plotinus: A Commentary, vol. 1, trans. E. K. Fowden and N. Pilavachi, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2014, pp. 577-620 (Commento a: III 7. On Eternity and Time).
S.K. Strange, ‘Plotinus on the Nature of Eternity and Time’, in L. Schrenk (ed.), Aristotle in Late Antiquity, Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 22–53.


[c] Students are required to prepare a paper in Italian or English (3.000 words) about one of the following topics:

[i] Plotinus' Method of inquiry in III.7
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] va aggiunto il seguente articolo:
A. Cornea, ‘Athroa epibolê: On an Epicurean Formula in Plotinus’ Work’, in A. Longo and D. P. Taormina (eds.), Plotinus and Epicurus: Matter, Perception, Pleasure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, pp. 177–188.
A. Michalewski, ‘Plotinus on the Conception of Time (ennoia chronou): A Re-Examination of Enn. 3.7(45).12’, Méthexis 33, 2021, pp. 151–169.
R. Chiaradonna, ‘Athroa Epibolê: Galen as a Source for Plotinus, 3.7(45)’, Méthexis 34, 2022, pp. 109-118.

[ii] Eternity and the intelligible world
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] vanno aggiunti i seguenti articoli:
L. Karfíková, ‘Eternity According to Plotinus, Enn. III,7’, Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 58 (2), 2011, pp. 437–452.
J. Wilberding, ‘Eternity in Ancient Philosophy’, in Y. Melamed (ed.), Eternity: A History, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pp. 14–55.

[iii] Time, soul and the physical world
Bibliografia: ai testi elencati nel programma d’esame, sezioni [a] e [b] vanno aggiunti i seguenti articoli:
R. Chiaradonna, ‘Il tempo misura del movimento? Plotino e Aristotele (Enn. III 7 [45])’, in M. Bonazzi and F. Trabattoni (eds.), Platone e la tradizione platonica: Studi di filosofia antica, Cisalpino, Milano 2003, pp. 221–250.
R.W. Sharples, ‘Alexander of Aphrodisias, On Time’, Phronesis 27 (1), 1982, pp. 58–81.
F. Karfík, ‘Le temps et l’âme chez Plotin: À propos des Ennéades VI 5 [23] 11; IV 4 [28] 15–16; III 7 [45] 11’, Elenchos 33 (2), 2012, pp. 227–257.

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Petrarch's world: Italian and European literature, culture and society of the fourteenth century. The course will focus on the historical figure of Francesco Petrarca, on his works and on his founding role of Renaissance humanism, through the plurality of his interests and his relationships. The reconstruction of the author's biographical and cultural profile will be based on a careful examination of the historical, political and cultural context in which he worked and of the figures of his correspondents and friends, in particular of those dedicated to the studia humanitatis. The course is of a seminar nature and requires the active participation of students for the preparation of biographical profiles of Petrarch's correspondents or authors who have been in contact with him.

L. Marcozzi, Profilo biografico del Petrarca. In F. Rico, I venerdì del Petrarca, Milano, Adelphi, 2016, pp. 67-176.
M. Ariani, Petrarca, Roma, Salerno editrice, 1999.
N. Tonelli, Leggere il Canzoniere, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2017.
Lessico critico petrarchesco, a cura di L. Marcozzi e R. Brovia, Roma, Carocci, 2016.
Further texts provided by the lecturer.

The course will reconstruct the historical evolution of cartography, retracing the modes of representation from antiquity to the eighteenth-century geodetic revolution, up to the creation of the Military Geographic Institute. Particular emphasis will be given to the deconstruction of geocartographic materials, to their use in geo-historical research for the study of landscape transformations.

Attending students:
- The exam will focus on the topics covered in class, on slides in ppt and supplementary learning material provided during the course.
Non-Attending Students:
- E. Boria, Storia della cartografia in Italia dall’Unità a oggi. Tra scienza, società e progetti di potere, Milano, Utet, 2020 (pp.XI-299)

Jews and Romans in the 1st century AD

The course is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the ways in which Rome has organized its government on the Near East. Particular attention will be paid to the history of Palestine in the 1st century AD. The reading of the Jewish War by Josephus and other contemporary texts will allow students to acquire adequate information on the problems of the Jewish society of the period.

Flavio Giuseppe- La guerra giudaica, a cura di Giovanni Vitucci, Mondadori Editore, Milano 1982.
Giulio Firpo, Le rivolte giudaiche, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1999
Linda Marie Günther- Erode il Grande, Salerno
Editrice, Roma 2007

The course provides the necessary skills to study all the fragmentary written materials from Antiquity, namely papyrus, ostraka, parchment, etc. Students will learn how to decypher and edit fragments of documents and literary works, and how to extract useful information in order to start and perform a historical, palaeographical and philological research. In particular, special consideration will be given to the phenomenon of language and graphic interaction between Greek and Latin that can be found in many fragments of documents and books from the 3rd to the 6th century AD in Egypt and other eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

The teacher will provide the students with all the needed study materials.

Course title 2022-2023
The Garden of Eden, earthly paradise and/or heavenly paradise.
Semester: I, 6 CFU
In the Genesis 2: 8-16 account, the Lord creates a garden in Eden, where every fruit tree flourishes and where both the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil are found. We all know how the story later ended, how Adam and Eve were banished from this earthly paradise for disobeying the divine command and eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge. Eden, however, continued to remain firmly rooted in the late antique and medieval imagination as a place of delights, located sometimes in a remote and inaccessible location on earth, sometimes in the heavens, either clearly distinct from the heavenly paradise or instead confused with the latter, depending on the different conceptions of the authors who spoke about it. The course, through the analysis of a variety of sources (educational trips are also planned) and the presentation of some significant historiographical approaches to the theme, seeks to explore the rich symbolism of the Garden of Eden elaborated in the ancient and early medieval Christian world and its reflection in monastic spirituality, as well as in Christian iconography and in the architecture of sacred spaces.

Attending students
Bibliographic material will be indicated and provided during the course.

“I will made of it, istead of a tragedy, a comic play”: Plautus’ Amphitruo. In the course a literary setting of the comedy will be offered, toghether with a close reading of the latin text, with italian interpretation and a full commentary, paying particular attention to the aspects of staging and poetical shape (models, metrics, style).

- Tito Maccio Plauto, Anfitrione, a cura di R. Oniga. Introduzione di M. Bettini, ed. Marsilio; or: Plautus, Amphitruo, ed. by D. M. Christenson, Cambridge University Press.
- Plauto, Molière, Kleist, Giraudoux, Anfitrione. Variazioni sul mito, a cura di L. Pasetti, ed. Marsilio.

Outlines of the manuscript transmission and principles of textual criticism of Latin literary texts.
Seneca's two faces. Manuscript tradition and text of Seneca's Apokolokyntosis and Consolatio ad Polybium.

- P. Chiesa, La trasmissione dei testi latini. Storia e metodo critico, Roma (Carocci);
- M. De Nonno, Transmission and Textual Criticism, in The Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, edd. A. Barchiesi & W. Scheidel, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-48 [photocopies of this work will be made available on line at the url of the course]
- P. Maas, La critica del testo. Traduzione a cura di G. Ziffer, Roma (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura);
- As for the Apokolokyntosis, an edition as preferred among: Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokolokyntosis, a cura di G. Vannini, Milano (Mondadori), Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokokyntosis, introduzione, traduzione e note a cura di R. Mugellesi, Milani (Rizzoli) e Lucio Anneo Seneca, Apokokyntosis, a cura di G. Focardi, Firenze (Giunti).
- As for the Consolation ad Polybium: Lucio Anneo Seneca, Le consolazioni: a Marcia, alla madre Helvia, a Polibio, introduzione, traduzione e note di A. Traina, Milano (Rizzoli).
- Further readings and materials relating to the text in the syllabus will be indicated during the course and / or be made available on line at the url of the course.

Petrarch's world: Italian and European literature, culture and society of the fourteenth century. The course will focus on the historical figure of Francesco Petrarca, on his works and on his founding role of Renaissance humanism, through the plurality of his interests and his relationships. The reconstruction of the author's biographical and cultural profile will be based on a careful examination of the historical, political and cultural context in which he worked and of the figures of his correspondents and friends, in particular of those dedicated to the studia humanitatis. The course is of a seminar nature and requires the active participation of students for the preparation of biographical profiles of Petrarch's correspondents or authors who have been in contact with him.

L. Marcozzi, Profilo biografico del Petrarca. In F. Rico, I venerdì del Petrarca, Milano, Adelphi, 2016, pp. 67-176.
M. Ariani, Petrarca, Roma, Salerno editrice, 1999.
N. Tonelli, Leggere il Canzoniere, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2017.
Lessico critico petrarchesco, a cura di L. Marcozzi e R. Brovia, Roma, Carocci, 2016.
Further texts provided by the lecturer.

Literature in the print shops

For Renaissance literature, the printing press is not only a new and more powerful means of disseminating texts: it constitutes a new way of confronting the cultural, political and social reality of the time and it creates a new literary horizon, with the establishment of new genres, new professional figures and a new audience. It is also a competitive and litigious world, characterised by licit and illicit advertising strategies, misappropriations and outright fraud.
Analysing particularly significant cases of authors (Ludovico Ariosto, Baldassarre Castiglione, Torquato Tasso), publishers (Niccolò Zoppino, Gabriele Giolito, Aldo Manuzio) and problems characterising the relationship between literature and the press in the 16th century (from the relationship with orality to the question of language, from problems related to publishing privileges to the affirmation of women's voices), the course intends to examine in its various aspects this new reality, a point of no return for western literary and cultural history.

extbooks for attending students:

- Amedeo Quondam, La letteratura in tipografia, in Letteratura italiana II. Produzione e consumo, Torino, Einaudi, 1983, pp. 555-686**
- Brian Richardson, Pubblicazione a stampa: mecenatismo, contratti e privilegi, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 75-107**
- Brian Richardson, Dalla penna alla stampa: gli scrittori alle prese con la stampa, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 108-164**
- Conor Fahy, L’autore in tipografia: le edizioni ferraresi dell’Orlando furioso, in I libri di Orlando innamorato, Modena, Panini, 1987, pp. 105-115*
- Giancarlo Alfano, Una forma per tutti gli usi: l’ottava rima, in Atlante della letteratura italiana, a cura di Sergio Luzzatto e Gabriele Pedullà, vol. II, Dalla Contro-riforma alla restaurazione, a cura di Erminia Irace, Torino, Einaudi, 2011, pp. 31-37**
- Rosa Salzberg, La lira, la penna e la stampa: cantastorie ed editoria popolare nella Venezia del Cinquecento, Milano, C.R.E.L.E.B., Università Cattolica, Milano Edizioni CUSL, 2011**
**Supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici.
Other materials will be provided during the lessons.

Textbooks for non-attending students:
Non-attending students should add the following texts to the syllabus for attending students:

- Lodovica Braida, Stampa e cultura in Europa tra 15° e 16° secolo, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2000

- Brian Richardson, Lettori e cultura della stampa, in Id., Stampatori, autori e lettori nell’Italia del Rinascimento, Milano, Sylvestre Bonnard, 2004, pp. 165-233**
- Marco Santoro, L’era del consolidamento (1500-1600), in Storia del libro italiano, Milano, Editrice Tipografica, 1994, pp. 71-136**
Marina Roggero, Libri di cavalleria, in Libri per tutti: generi editoriali di larga circolazione tra antico regime ed età contemporanea, a cura di Lodovica Braida e Mario Infelise; saggi di Giorgio Bacci ... [et al.], Torino, Utet, 2010, pp. 23-41**
Massimo Rospocher, Dall’oralità alla stampa: rivoluzione o transi¬zione? I cantastorie nel sistema multimediale del Cinquecento, in La transizione come problema storiografico. Le fasi critiche dello sviluppo della modernità (1494-1973), a cura di Paolo Pombe¬ni e Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Bologna, il Mulino, 2013, pp. 151-172**
**Supplied by the professor and downloadable from Teams/Moodle or available from the photocopy shop in front of the Department of Studi Umanistici.