Università Roma Tre

ENDOCRINOLOGY IS USUALLY TAUGHT AT THE END OF STANDARD PHYSIOLOGY COURSES, BECAUSE THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REGULATES ALL THE OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS. IN THIS RESPECT, LEARNING ABOUT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HAS THE ADDED CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATING STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF HORMONES AND THEIR ACTIONS WITH THE GENERAL FUNCTION OF A SPECIFIC ORGAN SYSTEM. THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS COURSE ARE TO ALLOW THE STUDENT TO GAIN A FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, TO BECOME REFINED IN THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS RELATED TO ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY, TO DEVELOP PROBLEM SOLVING AND PUBLIC SPEAKING TECHNIQUES.

PROVIDING STUDENTS WITH CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR: (a) UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR (b) UNDERSTANDING BEHAVIOR AS AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF THE SYSTEM “ORGANISM” (c) AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR. PROMPTING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING BY MEANS OF APPROPRIATE READINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. THEREFORE STUDENTS WILL BE GIVEN TOOLS TO CORRECTLY EVALUATE A SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS, CHOOSE APPROPRIATE TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION AND INTERPRET RESULTS.

THE MAJOR GOALS FOR THIS COURSE ARE CENTERED AROUND ACQUIRING A DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC THEORIES, APPLIED TO BIOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS. THE COURSE WILL START BY THE RIGOROUS DEFINITION OF THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES AND STATE FUNCTIONS, THEN THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THESE AND RELATED CONCEPTS TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS.

KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LINES OF NATIONAL, EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW. KNOWLEDGE OF THE DISCIPLINE OF MAIN AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (WATER, ENERGY, WASTE, ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION).

TRAINING IN THE ADVANCEMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE FIELD OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO BIOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT OF BASIC TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SKILLS CONCERNING THE ADOPTION AND THE FORMULATION OF DIDACTIC STRATEGIES AND TOOLS; TRAINING IN THE COMMUNICATION, CONTEXTUALISATION AND APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE; TRAINING IN SELF-ASSESSMENT AND COOPERATIVE KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING.

The course is directed to provide the main knowledge in economics and to introduce the biologist in the frame of the firm’s management

The course aims to provide students with the essential knowledge of the basic techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the identification, characterization and analysis of the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGET IS: CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A CRITICAL APPROACH TO SPECIFIC PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY CONCERNS, ALSO TROUGHT EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY CLASSES.

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENTS THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF SELF-AGGREGATION AND SELF-REPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, AND THO SHOW HOW THESE PROCESSES ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR A SERIES OF BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES. ALSO THE NOTION OF EMERGENCE WILL BE DISCUSSED, AS A MANIFESTATION OF NOVEL PROPERTIES WHICH ARISE FROM SIMPLE COMPONENTS WHICH FORM AN ENSEMBLE, PROPERTIES WHICH ARE NOT PRESENT IN THE SINGLE COMPONENTS. THIS FRAMEWORK IS UTILIZED TO HIGHLIGHT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, AND THIS WILL BE DONE DISCUSSING IN PARALLEL THE PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS ATTENDING THE ORIGIN OF LIFE FROM THE INANIMATE MATTER.

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH A SOUND KNOWLEDGE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: 1) PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS; 2) ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; 3) PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION AT THE CELLULAR, SUBCELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVELS; 4) PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY.

STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN & NATURE IN THE ANCIENT TIME. STUDY BIODETERIORATION RELATED TO THE VEGETATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS. ANALYSE HOW WAS THE PLANNING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS IN ITALY AND DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT. STUDY HISTORICAL PARKS, GIVING EXAMPLES FROM THE ASSYRO-BABYLONIANS, EGYPTIANS, GREEK-ROMANS, MEOIOEVAL TIMES TO MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY AGE. DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENTS OF HISTORICAL GARDENS. GIVE PRACTICAL FIELD EXAMPLES, VISITING AREAS SUCH AS COLOSSEUM AND HORTI FARNESIANI ON THE PALATINE, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS IN THE APPIA ANTICA, AND OTHER HISTORICAL PARKS IN THE CENTRAL ITALY.

THE COURSE PROVIDES BASICS CONCERNING THE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS MOST COMMONLY USED IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH.

TO PROVIDE THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL TOOLS IN GEOGRAPHY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR ECOLOGICAL ADVANCES, THROUGH THE USE OF CASE STUDIES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS.

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DESCRIBE IN PHYLOGENETIC TERMS THE MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE FOCAL GROUPS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES (CF. THE FILES GIVEN BY THE PROFESSOR); 2) ASSIGN A GIVEN SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE TO ITS HIGHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS AND DISCUSS ITS PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; 3) DISCUSS TOPICS OF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF VERTEBRATES WITHIN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; 4) WORKING FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOCUSED ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL TRADE.

PERCEPTION AND SYSTEMATICS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY WITHIN A GERARCHICAL TAXONOMY; IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS USED IN SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMMON SPECIES IN ITALY. SUPPLY OF TECHNICS FOR FLORISTIC STUDIES: HERBARIUM, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, SURVEY, ETC.

TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH LEARNIG COMPETENCE IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AND APPLIED PARASITOLOGY, INCLUDING A NUMBER OF LABORATORY TECHNIQUES NECESSARY FOR THE STUDY AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE MAIN PARASITIC DISEASES.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
A) DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPABILITY TO ANALYZE INTERCONNECTED METABOLIC PROCESSES
B) ACQUISITION OF COMPETENCE IN USING EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL MICRORGANISMS WITH SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS.

PROVIDE SKILLS TO STUDENTS ABOUT SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN GENETICS WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE RELATIONSHIP GENE-DISEASE.

MAJOR GOALS OF THIS COURSE ARE:
TO INTENSIFY A KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES;
TO GET THE MASTERY OF THE MAIN METODOLOGIES OF VEGETATION STUDY;
TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO INTERPRET ECOSYSTEMS PHENOMENA AND CORRELATE THEM WITH VEGETATION DYNAMICS;
TO DEVELOP THE INTERPRETATION OF ECOLOGICAL DATA AND READ THE SPECIFIC PAPER IN PLANT ECOLOGY, GEOBOTANY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGETS ARE: 1) TO ACQUIRE AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY; 2) TO ACQUIRE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON AUTOECOLOGY, SYNECOLOGY AND POPULATION ECOLOGY; 3) TO ACQUIRE AN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD EXPERIENCE IN THE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FIELD DATA ON POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; 4) TO LEAD THE STUDENTS TOWARDS A SELF-EVALUATION OF THEIR OWN COMPETENCE WHITIN ANIMAL ECOLOGY.

HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION AND TESTING. DESCRIPTIVE AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS. DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGY. PRACTICE USE OF SOME STATISTICAL SOFTWARES.

Main goals of the course are: i) to provide an overview of the activities of a clinical laboratory looking at the organizational context and current business; ii) to illustrate the various stages which are at the basis of main analytical methods, either molecular or biochemical, used in biomedical laboratories for modern diagnostic purposes; iii) to provide the key of Interpretation for the obtained results from a pathophysiological point of view.

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DISCUSS THE HISTORICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTED THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS; 2) FORMULATE HYPOTHESES AND MODELS EXPLAINING THE SHAPE, SIZE AND POSITION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OF A TAXON; 3) DISCUSS EVENTS OF RANGE EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION, DUE TO CLIMATIC CHANGES OR HABITAT TRANSFORMATION CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES; 4) DESCRIBE THE FAUNA, FLORA AND VEGETATION OF EACH CONTINENT, IN RELATION TO PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; 5) BUILD PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, IN CONNECTION WITH CLIMATE CHANGES AND LANDSCAPE ALTERATION.

THIS COURSE WILL PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH AN IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF PLANT TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUES AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS WITHIN AGRICULTURE AND PRODUCTION OF NEW MOLECULES. THIS COURSE WILL ALSO GIVE EDUCATION ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS TRANSCRIPTOMICS, PROTEOMICS, METABOLOMICS, AND WILL DESCRIBE THEIR IMPORTANCE IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH. ANOTHER IMPORTANT AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PREPARE STUDENTS TO CONDUCT LABORATORY WORK AND RESEARCH IN THE SECTORS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD INDUSTRY, AS WELL AS TO CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION.

The field botany course aims to offer a direct field experience for identifying plant species of Italian vascular flora, with particular attention to the Central-Southern Apennines, by lectures, herbarium and laboratory tools. For this aim, excursions and trips are intended to recognise the main plant traits (growth form, pollination, dispersal, etc.) and the habitat of plant communities, to collect plant material for providing herbarium exsiccata. Use in field of website Dryades (Univ. Trieste) identification keys will be an innovative tools. A fundamental topic of the course will be an attention to biogeographic history regarding rare species and endemics. By the end of the course the student will be able to use technical tools and methodology in the plant identification, as well as from a biogeographical-ecological view point.

ATTAINMENT OF THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA THAT REGULATE THE ORIGINS, THE TRANSPORT, THE TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL SPECIES, BOTH OF NATURAL AND HUMAN ORIGIN.

INTRODUCTION AND TRAINING IN SKILLS CONCERNING THE CRITICAL EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL-METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MAJOR EVOLUTIONIST MICROBIAL GENETICS RESEARCH.

TRAINING IN THE CRITICAL READING OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS; REINFORCEMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE’S HISTORICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATION; KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING IN THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL. AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF GENETIC SPERIMENTATION ON MICRO-ORGANISMS; REINFORCING OF MASTERY OF CRUCIAL ISSUES (BIOLOGICAL CYCLE; GENOME ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION; HEREDITARY AND EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS OF PHAGES, BACTERIA, AND ASCOMYCETES; TRAINING IN BASIC TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SKILLS CONCERNING GENETIC EXPERIMENTATION ON MICRO-ORGANISMS (i.e. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COLLECTION, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION); TRAINING STUDENTS TO SELF-ASSESS KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS, AND TO ENGAGE IN SCIENTIFIC DEBATE.

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL COMPETENCE ON THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE EMBRYOGENESIS, POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT, AGING, AND REGENERATION. PRINCIPAL AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE THE FOLLOWING: (1) APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES (ANATOMICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, GENETIC, MOLECULAR, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL) TO THE STUDY OF VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE DEVELOPMENT; (2) KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND MORPHOGENESIS.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
1) RECOGNIZE MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND UNDERSTAND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERACTIONS WITH HIGHER ORGANISMS;
2) LEARN ABOUT ROLES PLAYED BY MICROBES IN SOIL FORMATION, MINERAL WEATHERING, CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLING;
3) LEARN ABOUT CULTURE-BASED AND CULTURE-INDEPENDENT MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS;
4) GAIN LITERACY IN CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
.

Aims of the course:
• To acquire the basic knowledge on the human disease causes and their pathogenic mechanisms.
• To interpret the pathogenetic and physiopathogenic mechanisms of the human diseases.
• To know the operations turned to the analysis of the pathogenetic and physiopathogenic mechanisms of the human diseases and to interpret their results.

ON THE BASIS OF THE MOST RECENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, THE COURSE IS AIMED TO ALLOW THE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGULATION OF CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

OBJECTIVS: TO ACQUIRE A SOLID FOUNDATION IN ANIMAL VIROLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATION.

Acquisition of depth knowledges on bioindication and its applications, with particular emphasis on plants and animals used as biological indicators of environmental status. Knowledge of experimental methods and data processing for environmental monitoring.

General objectives

At the end of the course the student will be able to design epidemiological studies to address public health problems and to identify activities to prevent chronic and infectious diseases.

Specific objectives

- to know the major mortality and morbidity indicators
- to identify the epidemiological study more appropriate to describe the burden of major diseases in the population and to assess the relation between diseases and possible risk factors associated to them
- to interpret epidemiological data
- to discuss the importance of the health education and of the health promotion
- to list and discuss problems related to water supply, sanitation and waste management
- to argue about necessary controls/monitoring to protect the environment and the community
- to design health promotion programmes

PROVIDE THE INFORMATION ON BASIC APPROACH AND PROCEDURES FOR PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF SITES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTOCOLS ON THREATS ANALYSIS

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC AND APPLIED ADVANCED RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGIES.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGETS ARE: 1) THE ACQUISITION OF A BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAIN INSECT GROUPS. 2) THE ACQUISITION OF BOTH THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE ON SYSTEMATICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEXAPODA. 3) THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLID CULTURAL BACKGROUND FOR AN ADVANCED DISCUSSION ON CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE AMAZING EVOLUTIONARY SUCCESS AND DIVERSITY OF INSECTS AND ON THEIR IMPORTANCE IN BASIC AND APPLIED STUDIES. 4) THE ACQUISITION OF THE TOOLS FOR THE INSECT TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION, EXPECIALLY FOR THOSE ORDERS AND FAMILIES PRESENT IN THE ITALIAN FAUNA. 5) TO STIMULATE THE CURIOSITY AND THE ABILITY OF CRITICALLY OBSERVE THE NATURE. 6) THE SELF-EVALUATION BY THE STUDENT OF THE COMPETENCE WHITIN THE ANIMAL BIOLOGY, AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE ENTOMOLOGY.

to deeply understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune response and their role in health and disease.

The aim of the course is to introduce students to the “inorganic biofactors”, starting from their biochemical role to the analysis of their impact on human health. In the second part of the course we will focus on the “omics”, which represents a broad discipline of science (from trascriptomics to metabolomics) intended for analyzing system biology and for characterizing the biochemical events associated to transcripts, proteins and metabolites variations in fluids, organs and tissues.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
A) ACQUISITION OF APPROPRIATE METODOLOGIES AND LANGUAGES FOR THE ISOLATION, OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS
B) ACQUISITION OF THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR THE DRAFTING AND EXECUTION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
C) UTILIZATION OF BASIC AND ADVANCED METODOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTATIONS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DESCRIBE IN PHYLOGENETIC TERMS THE MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE FOCAL GROUPS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES (CF. THE FILES GIVEN BY THE PROFESSOR); 2) ASSIGN A GIVEN SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE TO ITS HIGHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS AND DISCUSS ITS PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; 3) DISCUSS TOPICS OF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF VERTEBRATES WITHIN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; 4) WORKING FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOCUSED ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL TRADE.

PERCEPTION AND SYSTEMATICS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY WITHIN A GERARCHICAL TAXONOMY; IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS USED IN SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMMON SPECIES IN ITALY. SUPPLY OF TECHNICS FOR FLORISTIC STUDIES: HERBARIUM, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, SURVEY, ETC.

The course will address the chemical transformations shared by organic chemistry and biological systems. Indeed, although the functional group elaborations are formally the same, the followed reaction pathways result to be quite different with respect to the experimental conditions of both organic syntheses and biological processes. In such a context, the enzymatic action modes in living systems will be compared with the key role performed by temperature, pressure, pH, catalysts and solvents. Keeping this in mind, a few of the most well-known chemical reaction mechanisms will be studied, underlining, step by step, the main similarities and distinctions with the analogous biological transformations

MAJOR GOALS OF THIS COURSE ARE:
TO ACQUIRE AN APPROPRIATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN METHODOLOGIES TO VEGETATION STUDY;
TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHENOMENA IN FIELD;
TO DEVELOP THE CAPACITY TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF THE VEGETATION SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PURPOSES;
TO INTERPRET THE ECOLOGICAL DATA AND READ THE SPECIFIC PAPER IN PLANT ECOLOGY, GEOBOTANY, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND APPLIED ECOLOGY.

ENDOCRINOLOGY IS USUALLY TAUGHT AT THE END OF STANDARD PHYSIOLOGY COURSES, BECAUSE THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REGULATES ALL THE OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS. IN THIS RESPECT, LEARNING ABOUT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HAS THE ADDED CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATING STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF HORMONES AND THEIR ACTIONS WITH THE GENERAL FUNCTION OF A SPECIFIC ORGAN SYSTEM. THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS COURSE ARE TO ALLOW THE STUDENT TO GAIN A FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY, TO BECOME REFINED IN THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS RELATED TO ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY, TO DEVELOP PROBLEM SOLVING AND PUBLIC SPEAKING TECHNIQUES.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
A) DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPABILITY TO ANALYZE INTERCONNECTED METABOLIC PROCESSES
B) ACQUISITION OF COMPETENCE IN USING EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL MICRORGANISMS WITH SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS.

PROVIDING STUDENTS WITH CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR: (a) UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOR (b) UNDERSTANDING BEHAVIOR AS AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF THE SYSTEM “ORGANISM” (c) AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR. PROMPTING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING BY MEANS OF APPROPRIATE READINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. THEREFORE STUDENTS WILL BE GIVEN TOOLS TO CORRECTLY EVALUATE A SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS, CHOOSE APPROPRIATE TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION AND INTERPRET RESULTS.

THE MAJOR GOALS FOR THIS COURSE ARE CENTERED AROUND ACQUIRING A DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC THEORIES, APPLIED TO BIOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS. THE COURSE WILL START BY THE RIGOROUS DEFINITION OF THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES AND STATE FUNCTIONS, THEN THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THESE AND RELATED CONCEPTS TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS.

KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LINES OF NATIONAL, EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW. KNOWLEDGE OF THE DISCIPLINE OF MAIN AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (WATER, ENERGY, WASTE, ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION).

TRAINING IN THE ADVANCEMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE FIELD OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO BIOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT OF BASIC TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SKILLS CONCERNING THE ADOPTION AND THE FORMULATION OF DIDACTIC STRATEGIES AND TOOLS; TRAINING IN THE COMMUNICATION, CONTEXTUALISATION AND APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE; TRAINING IN SELF-ASSESSMENT AND COOPERATIVE KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING.

The course is directed to provide the main knowledge in economics and to introduce the biologist in the frame of the firm’s management

The course aims to provide students with the essential knowledge of the basic techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the identification, characterization and analysis of the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGET IS: CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A CRITICAL APPROACH TO SPECIFIC PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY CONCERNS, ALSO TROUGHT EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY CLASSES.

STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN & NATURE IN THE ANCIENT TIME. STUDY BIODETERIORATION RELATED TO THE VEGETATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS. ANALYSE HOW WAS THE PLANNING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS IN ITALY AND DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT. STUDY HISTORICAL PARKS, GIVING EXAMPLES FROM THE ASSYRO-BABYLONIANS, EGYPTIANS, GREEK-ROMANS, MEOIOEVAL TIMES TO MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY AGE. DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENTS OF HISTORICAL GARDENS. GIVE PRACTICAL FIELD EXAMPLES, VISITING AREAS SUCH AS COLOSSEUM AND HORTI FARNESIANI ON THE PALATINE, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS IN THE APPIA ANTICA, AND OTHER HISTORICAL PARKS IN THE CENTRAL ITALY.

THE COURSE PROVIDES BASICS CONCERNING THE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS MOST COMMONLY USED IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH.

TO PROVIDE THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL TOOLS IN GEOGRAPHY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR ECOLOGICAL ADVANCES, THROUGH THE USE OF CASE STUDIES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS.

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DESCRIBE IN PHYLOGENETIC TERMS THE MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE FOCAL GROUPS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES (CF. THE FILES GIVEN BY THE PROFESSOR); 2) ASSIGN A GIVEN SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE TO ITS HIGHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS AND DISCUSS ITS PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; 3) DISCUSS TOPICS OF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF VERTEBRATES WITHIN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; 4) WORKING FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOCUSED ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL TRADE.

PERCEPTION AND SYSTEMATICS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY WITHIN A GERARCHICAL TAXONOMY; IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS USED IN SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMMON SPECIES IN ITALY. SUPPLY OF TECHNICS FOR FLORISTIC STUDIES: HERBARIUM, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, SURVEY, ETC.

TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH LEARNIG COMPETENCE IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AND APPLIED PARASITOLOGY, INCLUDING A NUMBER OF LABORATORY TECHNIQUES NECESSARY FOR THE STUDY AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE MAIN PARASITIC DISEASES.

PROVIDE SKILLS TO STUDENTS ABOUT SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN GENETICS WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE RELATIONSHIP GENE-DISEASE.

MAJOR GOALS OF THIS COURSE ARE:
TO INTENSIFY A KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN FEATURES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES;
TO GET THE MASTERY OF THE MAIN METODOLOGIES OF VEGETATION STUDY;
TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO INTERPRET ECOSYSTEMS PHENOMENA AND CORRELATE THEM WITH VEGETATION DYNAMICS;
TO DEVELOP THE INTERPRETATION OF ECOLOGICAL DATA AND READ THE SPECIFIC PAPER IN PLANT ECOLOGY, GEOBOTANY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGETS ARE: 1) TO ACQUIRE AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY; 2) TO ACQUIRE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON AUTOECOLOGY, SYNECOLOGY AND POPULATION ECOLOGY; 3) TO ACQUIRE AN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD EXPERIENCE IN THE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FIELD DATA ON POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; 4) TO LEAD THE STUDENTS TOWARDS A SELF-EVALUATION OF THEIR OWN COMPETENCE WHITIN ANIMAL ECOLOGY.

HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION AND TESTING. DESCRIPTIVE AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS. DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN ECOLOGY. PRACTICE USE OF SOME STATISTICAL SOFTWARES.

Main goals of the course are: i) to provide an overview of the activities of a clinical laboratory looking at the organizational context and current business; ii) to illustrate the various stages which are at the basis of main analytical methods, either molecular or biochemical, used in biomedical laboratories for modern diagnostic purposes; iii) to provide the key of Interpretation for the obtained results from a pathophysiological point of view.

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENTS THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF SELF-AGGREGATION AND SELF-REPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, AND THO SHOW HOW THESE PROCESSES ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR A SERIES OF BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES. ALSO THE NOTION OF EMERGENCE WILL BE DISCUSSED, AS A MANIFESTATION OF NOVEL PROPERTIES WHICH ARISE FROM SIMPLE COMPONENTS WHICH FORM AN ENSEMBLE, PROPERTIES WHICH ARE NOT PRESENT IN THE SINGLE COMPONENTS. THIS FRAMEWORK IS UTILIZED TO HIGHLIGHT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, AND THIS WILL BE DONE DISCUSSING IN PARALLEL THE PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS ATTENDING THE ORIGIN OF LIFE FROM THE INANIMATE MATTER.

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DISCUSS THE HISTORICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTED THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS; 2) FORMULATE HYPOTHESES AND MODELS EXPLAINING THE SHAPE, SIZE AND POSITION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OF A TAXON; 3) DISCUSS EVENTS OF RANGE EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION, DUE TO CLIMATIC CHANGES OR HABITAT TRANSFORMATION CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES; 4) DESCRIBE THE FAUNA, FLORA AND VEGETATION OF EACH CONTINENT, IN RELATION TO PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS; 5) BUILD PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, IN CONNECTION WITH CLIMATE CHANGES AND LANDSCAPE ALTERATION.

THIS COURSE WILL PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH AN IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF PLANT TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUES AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS WITHIN AGRICULTURE AND PRODUCTION OF NEW MOLECULES. THIS COURSE WILL ALSO GIVE EDUCATION ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS TRANSCRIPTOMICS, PROTEOMICS, METABOLOMICS, AND WILL DESCRIBE THEIR IMPORTANCE IN PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH. ANOTHER IMPORTANT AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PREPARE STUDENTS TO CONDUCT LABORATORY WORK AND RESEARCH IN THE SECTORS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD INDUSTRY, AS WELL AS TO CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION.

The field botany course aims to offer a direct field experience for identifying plant species of Italian vascular flora, with particular attention to the Central-Southern Apennines, by lectures, herbarium and laboratory tools. For this aim, excursions and trips are intended to recognise the main plant traits (growth form, pollination, dispersal, etc.) and the habitat of plant communities, to collect plant material for providing herbarium exsiccata. Use in field of website Dryades (Univ. Trieste) identification keys will be an innovative tools. A fundamental topic of the course will be an attention to biogeographic history regarding rare species and endemics. By the end of the course the student will be able to use technical tools and methodology in the plant identification, as well as from a biogeographical-ecological view point.

ATTAINMENT OF THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA THAT REGULATE THE ORIGINS, THE TRANSPORT, THE TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL SPECIES, BOTH OF NATURAL AND HUMAN ORIGIN.

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH A SOUND KNOWLEDGE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: 1) PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF DRUGS; 2) ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; 3) PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION AT THE CELLULAR, SUBCELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVELS; 4) PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION AND TRAINING IN SKILLS CONCERNING THE CRITICAL EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL-METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MAJOR EVOLUTIONIST MICROBIAL GENETICS RESEARCH.

TRAINING IN THE CRITICAL READING OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS; REINFORCEMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE’S HISTORICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATION; KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING IN THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL. AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF GENETIC SPERIMENTATION ON MICRO-ORGANISMS; REINFORCING OF MASTERY OF CRUCIAL ISSUES (BIOLOGICAL CYCLE; GENOME ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION; HEREDITARY AND EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS OF PHAGES, BACTERIA, AND ASCOMYCETES; TRAINING IN BASIC TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SKILLS CONCERNING GENETIC EXPERIMENTATION ON MICRO-ORGANISMS (i.e. EXPERIMENTAL DATA COLLECTION, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION); TRAINING STUDENTS TO SELF-ASSESS KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS, AND TO ENGAGE IN SCIENTIFIC DEBATE.

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL COMPETENCE ON THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE EMBRYOGENESIS, POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT, AGING, AND REGENERATION. PRINCIPAL AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE THE FOLLOWING: (1) APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES (ANATOMICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, GENETIC, MOLECULAR, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL) TO THE STUDY OF VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE DEVELOPMENT; (2) KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND MORPHOGENESIS.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
1) RECOGNIZE MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND UNDERSTAND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION AND INTERACTIONS WITH HIGHER ORGANISMS;
2) LEARN ABOUT ROLES PLAYED BY MICROBES IN SOIL FORMATION, MINERAL WEATHERING, CARBON AND NITROGEN CYCLING;
3) LEARN ABOUT CULTURE-BASED AND CULTURE-INDEPENDENT MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS;
4) GAIN LITERACY IN CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
.

Aims of the course:
• To acquire the basic knowledge on the human disease causes and their pathogenic mechanisms.
• To interpret the pathogenetic and physiopathogenic mechanisms of the human diseases.
• To know the operations turned to the analysis of the pathogenetic and physiopathogenic mechanisms of the human diseases and to interpret their results.

ON THE BASIS OF THE MOST RECENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, THE COURSE IS AIMED TO ALLOW THE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGULATION OF CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

OBJECTIVS: TO ACQUIRE A SOLID FOUNDATION IN ANIMAL VIROLOGY AND THEIR APPLICATION.

Acquisition of depth knowledges on bioindication and its applications, with particular emphasis on plants and animals used as biological indicators of environmental status. Knowledge of experimental methods and data processing for environmental monitoring.

General objectives

At the end of the course the student will be able to design epidemiological studies to address public health problems and to identify activities to prevent chronic and infectious diseases.

Specific objectives

- to know the major mortality and morbidity indicators
- to identify the epidemiological study more appropriate to describe the burden of major diseases in the population and to assess the relation between diseases and possible risk factors associated to them
- to interpret epidemiological data
- to discuss the importance of the health education and of the health promotion
- to list and discuss problems related to water supply, sanitation and waste management
- to argue about necessary controls/monitoring to protect the environment and the community
- to design health promotion programmes

PROVIDE THE INFORMATION ON BASIC APPROACH AND PROCEDURES FOR PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF SITES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN. IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTOCOLS ON THREATS ANALYSIS

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC AND APPLIED ADVANCED RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGIES.

THE MAIN FORMATIVE TARGETS ARE: 1) THE ACQUISITION OF A BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAIN INSECT GROUPS. 2) THE ACQUISITION OF BOTH THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE ON SYSTEMATICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEXAPODA. 3) THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLID CULTURAL BACKGROUND FOR AN ADVANCED DISCUSSION ON CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE AMAZING EVOLUTIONARY SUCCESS AND DIVERSITY OF INSECTS AND ON THEIR IMPORTANCE IN BASIC AND APPLIED STUDIES. 4) THE ACQUISITION OF THE TOOLS FOR THE INSECT TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION, EXPECIALLY FOR THOSE ORDERS AND FAMILIES PRESENT IN THE ITALIAN FAUNA. 5) TO STIMULATE THE CURIOSITY AND THE ABILITY OF CRITICALLY OBSERVE THE NATURE. 6) THE SELF-EVALUATION BY THE STUDENT OF THE COMPETENCE WHITIN THE ANIMAL BIOLOGY, AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE ENTOMOLOGY.

to deeply understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune response and their role in health and disease.

The aim of the course is to introduce students to the “inorganic biofactors”, starting from their biochemical role to the analysis of their impact on human health. In the second part of the course we will focus on the “omics”, which represents a broad discipline of science (from trascriptomics to metabolomics) intended for analyzing system biology and for characterizing the biochemical events associated to transcripts, proteins and metabolites variations in fluids, organs and tissues.

THE MAIN AIMS OF THE COURSE ARE:
A) ACQUISITION OF APPROPRIATE METODOLOGIES AND LANGUAGES FOR THE ISOLATION, OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS
B) ACQUISITION OF THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR THE DRAFTING AND EXECUTION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
C) UTILIZATION OF BASIC AND ADVANCED METODOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTATIONS FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS

AFTER THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1) DESCRIBE IN PHYLOGENETIC TERMS THE MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE FOCAL GROUPS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES (CF. THE FILES GIVEN BY THE PROFESSOR); 2) ASSIGN A GIVEN SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE TO ITS HIGHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS AND DISCUSS ITS PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; 3) DISCUSS TOPICS OF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF VERTEBRATES WITHIN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; 4) WORKING FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOCUSED ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL TRADE.

PERCEPTION AND SYSTEMATICS OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY WITHIN A GERARCHICAL TAXONOMY; IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS USED IN SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMMON SPECIES IN ITALY. SUPPLY OF TECHNICS FOR FLORISTIC STUDIES: HERBARIUM, IDENTIFICATION KEYS, SURVEY, ETC.

The course will address the chemical transformations shared by organic chemistry and biological systems. Indeed, although the functional group elaborations are formally the same, the followed reaction pathways result to be quite different with respect to the experimental conditions of both organic syntheses and biological processes. In such a context, the enzymatic action modes in living systems will be compared with the key role performed by temperature, pressure, pH, catalysts and solvents. Keeping this in mind, a few of the most well-known chemical reaction mechanisms will be studied, underlining, step by step, the main similarities and distinctions with the analogous biological transformations

MAJOR GOALS OF THIS COURSE ARE:
TO ACQUIRE AN APPROPRIATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN METHODOLOGIES TO VEGETATION STUDY;
TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHENOMENA IN FIELD;
TO DEVELOP THE CAPACITY TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF THE VEGETATION SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PURPOSES;
TO INTERPRET THE ECOLOGICAL DATA AND READ THE SPECIFIC PAPER IN PLANT ECOLOGY, GEOBOTANY, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND APPLIED ECOLOGY.