Università Roma Tre

Large, highly integrated companies are generally seen as the economic institutions that best represent the capitalist system: for this reason the main focus of the course will be to analyse the structure of these companies in different time periods. It is, nonetheless, worth remembering that the numerous economic structures and competitive conditions that have arisen over time in the West have led to the appearance of a variety of different types of enterprises. With this in mind, the first part of the course will look at various general themes within economic history, from the first industrial revolution to the end of the last century, in order to provide a general frame of reference within which to place the evolutionary process of modern industrial companies.
Later, we will analyse the Italian case, a country that has been seen as representing the different ways of understanding and doing business within the context of economic development in the 20th century. This will allow us to reflect upon the current theories regarding Italy’s ‘decline’, and upon the country’s future prospects. The second part of the course will include a detailed investigation of 20th century companies, with the aim of tracing a comparative profile of the forms of economic development that characterised Western capitalism in different time periods. Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the American model, with a focus on some particularly emblematic figures of entrepreneurs and managers, from Henry Ford to Alfred Sloan and Lee Iacocca, from Steve Jobs to Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk.
The course, divided into two modules, covers the following topics:

First module:
- Modern economic development and the paradigm of the ‘industrial revolutions’;
- Business structures;
- Industrial concentration and corporate groups in 20th century Italy;
- The role of big business and small and medium enterprises in the Italian economy;
- Corporate finance;
- Industrial policy.

Second module:
- Business and the evolution of the socio-cultural environment: contexts and institutions;
- The evolution in scale and structure of businesses: family companies, managerial companies and company groups;
- The “fourth capitalism”;
- Business management and governance: organization, work and advances in techniques;
- Rise and fall of state-owned enterprise;
- American capitalism: entrepreneurial profiles and company destinies.

A.D. Chandler Jr., F. Amatori, T. Hikino (editors), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, Massachussets, 1997;
G. Jones, J. Zeitlin (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Business History, New York, Oxford U.P., 2008.