Università Roma Tre

-Introduction to metrology: physical quantities, measurement, measure, measurand, intrinsic uncertainty, direct/indirect measurement methods, units of measurement.
-Systems of units of measurement (International System of Units, CGS systems, Gaussian system): definitions, writing rules, and conversion methods.
-Overview of descriptive and inferential statistics: histograms, position parameters, dispersion parameters, shape parameters, empirical law of frequency, law of large numbers, central limit theorem.
- Evaluation of uncertainty in direct measurements: definition of type A and type B uncertainty, sample mean and variance, distribution of the sample mean, distribution of the sample variance, notable distributions (Gaussian, uniform), error function, use of tables of the standard normal distribution integral, expanded uncertainty, coverage factor, probability level, random errors, systematic errors, accuracy, precision, trueness, writing rules, significant digits, combined uncertainty.
- Evaluation of uncertainty in indirect measurements: uncertainty propagation rule in indirect measurements (JCM 100:2008), deterministic model of uncertainty and propagation rule in indirect measurements (maximum error).
-Analog instruments for measuring electrical quantities: static metrological characteristics, dynamic metrological characteristics (response to canonical inputs - step - of first and second-order systems), D'Arsonval ammeter, electrostatic voltmeter, electrodynamometer, analog DC wattmeter.
-Methods for the measurements of electrical quantities: measurement of voltage differences, errors in the insertion of the voltmeter in DC, measurement of electric currents, errors in the insertion of the ammeter in DC, voltamperometric method for measuring electrical resistance, 2/4-point methods, DC measuring bridges - the Wheatstone bridge.
-Digital instruments for the measurement of electrical quantities: overview of AD converters (flash, SAR), AD conversion errors, single-slope, dual-slope, multiramp digital voltmeters, simple integration digital voltmeters.
-The oscilloscope: analog oscilloscope, digital oscilloscope, real-time sampling, equivalent-time sequential, equivalent-time random, characteristics of oscilloscope probes, oscilloscope and probe usage.

International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM – 3rd ed.)
Evaluation of measurement data — Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
The International System of Units – 9th edition – brochure