Università Roma Tre

Plant cytology. Plant cells; endosymbiotic theories. Main intracellular structures. Vacuoles, Cell wall, Plastids. Cell differentiation.
Plant anatomy. Meristems and plant cell totipotency; vegetative apexes. Specialized tissues; parenchyma; integumental, mechanical, conducting, secretory tissues. The corm; anatomy and organography of root, stems, leaves; specializations and transformations. The flower, its structure, nature and formation; pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis; seeds and fruits. Vegetative reproduction. Corm development: primary and secondary growth. Primary and secondary structures of roots and stems; leaf development and organization. Sexual reproduction and ontogenetic cycle evolution.
Biodiversity, systematics and plant phylogeny. Concept of plant organisms; methods of phylogenetic investigation; classifications. Photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria. Phyletic lineages from photosynthetic unicellular cells. Reproductive modes and biological cycles. Fungi and Lichens. Main algal taxa. Bryophytes. Vascular plants: pteridophytes; gymnosperms; angiosperms, with examples of families. Global importance of vegetation and plant biodiversity.