Università Roma Tre

The course intends to reflect on Welfare Systems in the light of a threefold historical, legal and sociological perspective.
Firstly, we will devote ourselves to reconstructing historically and conceptually the birth and development of social rights. It is thus intended to show how these rights occupy a peculiar place in the history of thought, capable of prompting both modern law and sociology on their disciplinary foundations. The emergence and development of social rights has in some ways suggested the need to focus on the relations between law and sociology in light of their mutual engagement in qualifying a new legal-political reality capable of profoundly transforming theories and systems of modern law and equally defining some of the main analytical and critical objectives of sociological knowledge.
Secondly, we will interrogate the social reflexivity component of modern law, understanding it as one of the places through which legal reflection on rights has developed. We will reflect on the ambivalent ways through which modern law thought of society as consisting of individuals separate from each other, but also allowed for the extension of the concept of the liberal individual to that of the socialized legal person. From this perspective, the emergence and development of social rights and the political and legal centrality of labor in law between the 19th and 20th centuries will be conceived in light of the aspirations and limitations of modern law in coping with the issue of social change and the redefinition of demands for equality immanent to modern society.
Thirdly, we will ask how sociology, from its birth and in the light of its open dialogue with law, has picked up the limits and aspirations of modern law by conceiving its role as a reflexive and critical supplement to the "science of law,". If in a significant part of the critical languages of the 20th century law had been thought of as subordinate to the power of states, classes or economics, thus assuming an irremediable alternative between the formalism of law and the materiality of social relations, sociology has to a large extent rejected this alternative. In this regard, the development of welfare systems will be interpreted as a privileged perspective for understanding the peculiar forms through which sociology has interpreted the emergence, affirmation and crisis of social rights.

The course will consist of an anthology selection of the following texts:

T. H. Marshall, Cittadinanza e classe sociale, Roma-Bari, Einaudi, 2002
R. Castel, Le metamorfosi della questione sociale. Una cronaca del salariato, Milano, Mimesis, 2019K.
K. Polanyi, La grande trasformazione. Le origini economiche e politiche della nostra epoca, Roma-Bari, Einaudi, 1974M.
M. Foucault, Nascita della bio-politica, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2004
D. Garland, La cultura del controllo. Crimine e ordine sociale nel mondo contemporaneo, Milano, il Saggiatore, 2004- Dardot e Laval, Il comune, Seconda parte, Capitoli 6-7-8-9-10,
---
G. Radbruch, Lo spirito del diritto inglese, Milano, Giuffrè, 1962
S. Rodotà, Il diritto di avere diritti, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2012
A. Supiot, Homo juridicus. Saggio sulla funzione antropologica del diritto, Milano, Bruno Mondadori, 2006
H. Berman, Diritto e Rivoluzione, Volume II, Bologna, il Mulino, 2010
P. Glenn, Tradizioni giuridiche nel mondo, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2011
---
E. Durkheim, Lezioni di sociologia, Napoli-Salerno, Orthotes, 2016
M. Mauss, Una categoria dello spirito umano: la persona, Brescia, Morcelliana, 2016
G. Gurvitch, La dichiarazione dei diritti sociali, Catanzaro, Rubettino, 2004
P. Bourdieu, La forza del diritto, Roma, Armando, 2017
N. Luhmann, Teoria politica nello stato del benessere, Milano, Franco Angeli, 1987
P. Dardot e C. Laval, Del Comune o della rivoluzione del XXI secolo, Roma, Deriveapprodi, 2015