Università Roma Tre

This course deals with the disciplinary horizon of landscape architecture: the art and technique to shape open spaces, with materials, methods and approaches proper of landscaping. It focuses on relationships rather than artifacts, processes rather than outcomes; because it prefers the use of natural and living materials, in evolutionary and cyclical time dimensions; Because it proceeds through strategies and programs rather than forms; Because it requires the contamination of various professional skills (botany, geology, natural science engineering, environmental sciences, economics and sociology ...); Because it crosses scale and does not proceed mechanically from general to detail; Because it requires the study and interpretation of behavioral and social topics.
The main objective of the course is to understand this complexity within the framework of the urban open space design, to provide the students with the ability to govern and value this complexity on a cultural, ethical, figurative and environmental level through a receptive and attentive sensitivity (listening and viewing skills) and a specific technical skill (ability to intervene and transform).
The project of open space can be declined in a multitude of species of spaces: gardens, parks, shores, residual areas, gardens, squares, streets, streets, parks, and so on, subject to further specific articulations Than reciprocal hybridisations. Some of these categories are the legacy of a long and valuable historical legacy, others talk about contemporaryity and the continuous transformation of urban spaces. On the last we focus our attention.

The course has a theoretical and design character and is divided into three modules - module 1, "Plants Ecology"; module 2, "Landscape Representation"; module 3, "Landscape Architecture" - which work in a synergic way to offer a framework of methodological, theoretical and operational knowledge aimed at designing open spaces in urban areas.

E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi Editore 2005.
M. Corrado e A. Lambertini, Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, 2011.
G. Cullen, Il paesaggio urbano, Calderini 1976.
K. Lynch, L’immagine della città, Marsilio 1964.
C. W. Moore, W. J. Mitchel, W. Turnbull, The poetics of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge-London 1988, trad. it. La poetica dei giardini, Muzzio Editore 1991.
D. Pandakovic, Dal Sasso A., Saper vedere il paesaggio, Ed. CittàStudi, 2009.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura – Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli 2005.
F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio – 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore 2006.
F. Zagari, Sul paesaggio. Lettera aperta, Libria 2013.

• Elements of Biology, Botany and Ecology: Definition of living system, plant and vegetal organism. - Structure and Function of Vascular Plants - Photosynthesis process – Life-forms and Chorotypes.
• Biocenosis – Biotope–Habitat-Ecosystem –Landscape. Anthropocene and Symbiocene.
• Matter cycles and energy flows in natural and urban ecosystems. The city as a dissipative system.
• Nature’s gradients in the Landscape: naturals, semi-naturals, rurals, artificial ecosystems (parks and gardens, urban and peri-urban areas).
• Systematic Botany - Flora and Vegetation - Native and aliens plants, archeophytes and neophytes, spontaneous, apophytes and cultivated plants.
• Flora and vegetation in urban environment and in natural habitat.
• Vegetation structure – Plants Community - Vegetation dynamics – Phytosociology - Biomes and Ecoregions.
• Phytogeography - Mediterranean biogeographical region– World mediterranean ecozones.
• Latium green Landscape: mediterranean, submontan and riparian vegetation, Roman Campagna (Countryside) as anthropic steppe.
• Habitat, definition and classification scheme based on EU Habitats Directive; list of threatened regional endemic habitats objects of conservation and protection measures: SIC, ZSC e ZPS; Hot-spots and Vegetation Red Lists of endagered species.
• Landscape Ecology: patch - matrix - corridor model, buffer zone, ecological network.
• Habitat fragmentation and connettivity, Genetic drift, Biodiversity in natural and urban areas. Third Landscape.
• Trees and the process of vegetal succession in urban areas.
• Taxonomy of forest, wood, countryside and streetscape trees, arboreal composition and dynamics of periurban and urban green, performance, physiology, and morphology of urban trees as well their ecosystem services.
• Urban forestry between wilderness, planning and ecosystemic approach.

The basic reference text is the Richard T. T. Forman’s volume: Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions
The PowerPoint slides of the lessons will be downloaded on the Teams platform
On Teams will be downloaded too PDFs, tables and links to scientific and institutional sites relating to the topics covered or requests for further information.

The Landscape Representation course is aimed at providing the basic skills of representation aimed at the analysis, knowledge, communication and design of open spaces and landscape.
In the first part, students will be encouraged to carry out a process that is not merely technical in representation, but rather to analyse, identify and adequately represent the components of the landscape: hydrographic, geo-morphological, vegetal, infrastructural, building. Recognizing existing traces (natural and anthropic) and rendering them in graphic signs appropriate for communication is an essential element of representation. it is essential to establish an act of reading reality that is expressed with the multifaceted set of processes and cognitive means specific to Drawing.
A part of the teaching will be reserved for the presentation of national and international cases of contemporary representations of urban spaces and landscape, in order to grasp the trends of the current panorama.
Some software dedicated to the contemporary representation of the landscape will be presented, in order to favor the integration between analogue and digital representation.
The application lessons in the classroom will focus on the graphic elaborations of the year's theme, aimed at the analysis and communication of the project by combining analytical and descriptive representations with synthetic and ideogrammatic representations.
The objective of the module is to enable students to acquire the ability to read environmental contexts, the ability to identify existing traces and know how to represent them in the most appropriate graphic form for the purposes of an analysis process and for the purposes of a design process, as well as to acquire one's own graphic language through theoretical contents and graphic applications.
The interdisciplinary approach will be favored for the purposes of an exhaustive development of the topics addressed and, above all, for a more informed representation.

Calzolari Vittoria (a cura di), 1999. Storia e natura come sistema. Un progetto per il territorio libero dell’area romana. Roma: Argos, 1999.

Cianci Maria Grazia, 2008. Metafore. Rappresentazioni e interpretazioni di paesaggi. Firenze: Alinea Editrice, 2008.

Cianci Maria Grazia, 2008. La Rappresentazione del Paesaggio. Metodi, strumenti e procedure per l'analisi e la rappresentazione del paesaggio. Firenze: Alinea Editrice, 2008.

Casabella. Il disegno del paesaggio italiano, 575-576, 1991, pp. 2-4.

Colaceci Sara, 2022. La rappresentazione del paesaggio per la documentazione, la conoscenza e la valorizzazione. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2022.

Pittaluga Alessandro, 1995. Il paesaggio nel territorio. Milano: Hoepli, 1995.

Pierluisi Gabriele, 2012. Immagini di città. Nuove prospettive per il paesaggio urbano contemporaneo. DisegnareCON, 9, pp. 217-226.