Università Roma Tre

Unit 1: Maxwell’s Equations.
Maxwell's Equations in integral and differential forms. Importance of the Maxwell term. Boundary conditions. Complex vectors and polarization. Constitutive equations.

Unit 2: Propagation of electromagnetic field.
Free-space propagation of electromagnetic fields. Wave equation. Plane wave solution. Propagation of plane waves in lossless dielectrics. Propagation of plane waves in conducting media. Phase velocity and group velocity. Snell-Descartes Laws. Fresnel equations. Electromagnetic properties of sea water. Reflection at the air / sea interface.

Unit 3: Antenna fundamentals.
Electrodynamic potentials. Green's function. Elementary sources of the electromagnetic field: Hertzian dipole. Types of antennas. Electrical and radiative characteristics of antennas. Friis equation for point-to-point connections.

Module 4: Electromagnetic scattering and RADAR.
Electromagnetic scattering. RADAR cross section. RADAR equation. RADAR equation for distributed surfaces. Scattering from statistically rough surfaces. Determination of the RADAR cross section of the sea surface. Scatterometers and wind measurements. Altimeter radar and ocean height. Imaging radars. Real-aperture radar and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). SAR and ocean.

Unit 5: Electromagnetic emission and radiometers.
Emission from the sea surface. Radiometers. Use of radiometers to measure ocean temperature, surface wind speed, salinity and some atmosphere properties.
Module 6: Remote sensing with acoustic waves.
Duality between electromagnetic and acoustic waves. SONAR.

Learning materials provided by the teacher.