Università Roma Tre

In relation to the third semester of the LM in Architectural Design, the educational offer is divided into four integrated laboratories, two per channel, respectively of Structural Design 2M (SSD: ICAR09) and Architectural Design 2M (SSD: ICAR14). The integration of the two laboratories consists in sharing a project which in the definitions of the National Technical Regulations on public works is divided into: Feasibility Study, Preliminary, Definitive and Executive Project, and which here, for simplicity, is defined as first and second phase . The first phase is the one associated with: Feasibility Study - Preliminary Project - Definitive Project, in a not very developed phase, and Second Phase: Definitive Project, in a more advanced version, and Executive, in a less advanced version than described in the National Technical Regulations, for example without arriving at formulating the specifications and the estimated metric calculations, but also defining in some detail the elements that make up the project, as well as providing the supporting technical report, both of the choices and of the evaluation of the solicitations and relative security check.
The aspects that lead to a sustainable work also from the structural point of view will be discussed jointly between the two disciplines, in order to arrive at a solution that, in addition to vertical loads, also allows adequate behavior against seismic action. Possibly a significant portion of the project will be identified which, fully developed in the 2M architectural design laboratory, can also be developed in the 2m structural design laboratory up to the more advanced stages envisaged in the latter course. The implications of possible alternative choices will be assessed together, both by adopting typical more traditional structural solutions and of a more advanced and innovative type, such as for example the seismic isolation at the base.
The main choices relating to the structural types are then identified, in relation to possible materials to be used in the structure. The alternatives in the choices of horizontals will be discussed, in the resistant system both in relation to the intended use and the architectural configuration, taking into account the design actions to be considered, which also depend on the location of the work. The models to be used for the verification of the project will be identified, even with the knowledge of structural softwares. The verification of the representative model will allow, during the development of the project, to compare possible local solutions, checking the implications that the choices involve also at the level of architectural construction details.
The structural tables will be developed up to a rather advanced level of executive detail, to understand the construction and site difficulties that inevitably condition the choices also at an architectural level. It will be possible to carry out sustainability assessments, albeit limited to structural choices, in particular with regard to the aspects of consumption of raw materials and CO2 emissions.

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1. SEISMIC RESPONSE STRUCTURES

1.1. Elastic response of the structures

1.1.1. The simple oscillator (one degree of freedom)

- Free and forced oscillations with and without damping
- Seismic response of a simple oscillator: Duhamel Integral (equation and base parameters)
- Elastic Response Spectrum (acceleration, speed, displacement).

1.1.2. Elastic Structural Systems (Multi degrees of freedom, lamped masses)

- Free Oscillations
- Dynamic analysis of complex structures
- Simplified approaches
- Elements of Modal Analysis

1.2. NON-LINEAR SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES

- Ductility of an RC (reinforced concrete) section (monotonic and cyclic loads)
- Plastic Hinge
- Simple oscillator with elastic-plastic behavior under seismic action.
- Nonlinear response spectra (design spectrum)
- Reduction factor for different types of structures: definition and methods of evaluation.

2. SEISMIC DESIGN CONSIDERING THE DUCTILITY OF RC STRUCTURES

- Structural modeling to evaluate the seismic response
- Italian and international code prescriptions (NTC and Eurocode n. 2 and n. 8).
- Ductility of Structural Systems in RC (frames, walls, mixed frame walls, and torsional deformable)
- Design criteria for RC structures in seismic areas
- Examples of Seismic Design of RC Structures
- The project of shallow foundations

3. ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

- Mechanical characterization of materials (steel and concrete) and simplified approaches (NTC and Eurocode 2 and 8)
- ULS (ultimate limit states) design and verification (Axial-bending, torsion, and shear forces)
- SLS (serviceability limit states) design and verification (flexion)
- ULS Design and verification (axial force and biaxial flexure)
- ULS Design and verification of shallow foundations

4. RC STRUCTURE DESIGN IN SEISMIC AREAS ACCORDING TO ITALIAN AND EUROCODE CODES (EC2, EC8)

4.1. RC SLAB DESIGN

- Types of slabs
- Code Standards
- Definition of the Slab Structural System, floor texture, floor Geometry definition (section, etc)
- Analysis and combinations of elementary loads
- Floor model to determine the stresses (moment and shear)
- Floor numerical modeling (sap2000 or other FEM software)
- Design of floors (steel rebars configuration, concrete geometries)
- Construction details
- Preparation of project drawings (Structural)

4.2. RC STRUCTURES DESIGN

- Description of the Seismic Action (seismic hazard) and design Response Spectrum
- Analysis and combinations of the Elementary loads
- Structural System Definition
- Technical Standards for Construction (Italian and Eurocodes n.2 and n.8 codes)
- Structures resistant to seismic action: 3D structural model, numerical modeling structures (sap 2000 or other FEM software)
- Stress on Structures - seismic design and static analysis according to the Italian and Eurocode n.2 and n.8 codes
- Definition of structural typologies and Behaviors
- Capacity design criteria
- Design of beams, slabs, plates, columns, stairs, walls, and joint (steel rebars configuration, concrete geometries)
- Definition of the bearing capacity of the soil
- Design of shallow foundations
- Constructive Details
- Preparation of design drawings (Structural)
- Elements of Seismic upgrading of different Structural types
- Elements of Advanced Techniques of Seismic Protection.

The course lecture notes are distributed by TEAMS.

Books:

Quaderno aicap N.2
PROGETTO DI UN EDIFICIO IN C.A. CON E SENZA ISOLAMENTO SISMICO ALLA BASE
aicap - Associazione Italiana Calcestruzzo Armato e Precompresso

DETTAGLI COSTRUTTIVI di STRUTTURE in CALCESTRUZZO ARMATO
aicap - Associazione Italiana Calcestruzzo Armato e Precompresso

PROGETTAZIONE DI STRUTTURE IN CALCESTRUZZO ARMATO
GUIDA ALL’USO dell’EUROCODICE 2 con riferimento alle Norme Tecniche D.M. 14.1.2008
aicap - Associazione Italiana Calcestruzzo Armato e Precompresso

PROGETTAZIONE SISMICA DI EDIFICI IN CALCESTRUZZO ARMATO
GUIDA ALL’USO dell’EUROCODICE 2 con riferimento alle Norme Tecniche D.M. 14.1.2008
aicap - Associazione Italiana Calcestruzzo Armato e Precompresso