Università Roma Tre

The course aims to make the student aware of the problem of architectural space, gradually building up the typological, structural and aesthetic connections that define its peculiar characteristics.
This process will be pursued through targeted lessons, readings of canonical examples and individual composition exercises that help to build a solid aesthetic awareness, and finally with exercises of reading of exemplary single-family houses.

B. Zevi, Saper vedere l'architettura. Saggio sull'interpretazione spaziale dell'architettura, Torino, Einaudi, 1953.

L. Quaroni, Progettare un edificio. Otto lezioni di Architettura, Milano, Mazzotta, 1977.
P.O. Rossi, La costruzione del progetto architettonico, Bari, Editori Laterza, 1996.
H.Hertzberger, Lezioni di architettura, Bari, Editori Laterza, 1996.
L. Altarelli et al., Forme della composizione, Roma, Kappa, 1997.
G. Ponti, Amate l’architettura, Genova, Vitali e Ghianda, 1957, (ristampa in commercio: Milano, CUSL, 2004).

M. Bonaiti, Architettura è. Louis I. Kahn, gli scritti, Electa, Milano, 2002
R. Moneo, Inquietudine teorica e strategia progettuale nell’opera di otto architetti contemporanei, Electa,2005.
B. Munari, Fantasia, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1977.
B. Munari, Da cosa nasce cosa, Laterza, Bari-Roma, 1981.

This is the first part of an annual architectural design laboratory, in this first semester with 6 credits, 4 of architectural and urban composition and design and 2 of structures.

In the first half of the year, the commitment is 50 hours, dedicated to lectures, architectural visits and practical exercises of model building, drawing and design.
The course contents are proposed and verified through lectures, exercises, educational visits, individual and collective reviews. The final exam mark takes into account all the activities carried out by the student during the course, the quality of the exercises is obviously crucial in assigning the mark itself. All processing of the work is done by hand, the use of the C.A.d.

Exercises

1-Topography (Individual)
Exercise with level curves to be played by model, is assigned a building volume of date size that must be housed on the ground by creating a digging, or a podium by land reconditioning and making an access path. Scale 1: 250
Area of ​​intervention 75m x 50m, altitude 10m, making curves with cardboard from 1mm (4 curves per 1 meter of altitude) serve 40 curves to absorb the difference in height.
The volume to be inserted is a generic residential volume of 5 m for 10 m, which can be inserted as shown in the examples shown, inserting it into the ground, creating a podium, lifting it on a pilot,
or by adopting hybrid solutions.

2-Redesign and reconstruction of an architecture (group 3 people)
Analysis, technical drawing and realization of a scale model 1: 100 or 1:50 of the following residences:

Le Corbusier, Maison Guiette, Anversa, Belgio, 1927

Le Corbusier, Ville Savoye, Poissy, Francia, 1928 - 1931

Alvar Aalto Casa sperimentale a Muuratsalo, Finlandia, 1952-1954

Alberto Campo Baeza, Casa Turegano, Madrid, Spagna, 1988

Louis Kahn, Fisher House, Hatboro, Pennsylvania, USA, 1960-1967

3-Building System (Individual)
Project of a small hut, up to 20 sqm, everywhere students want, in a place well known to the designer, using a single constructive system between:
reinforced concrete, brick, stone, wood, steel. Scale model 1:50, plants and sections in scale 1:50

4-Sketches and relief from true anthropometric (individual during visits)
Draw on a drawing book A5 sketches of travel, prospects, plants, sections, portraits, and assonometries, paying particular attention to the proportions of the spaces and architectural elements represented. Booklet to be delivered.

Books:

LE CORBUSIER, Verso un architettura, Milano 1973

F. VENEZIA, Che cos’è l’architettura, Milano 2011

J. UTZON, Idee di architettura. Scritti e conversazioni, Milano 2011

Handbooks:

A. Desplazes, Constructing architecture, materials processes structures, a handbook, Basel, 2005

F. Cellini, Manualetto, Norme tecniche, costruttive e grafiche per lo svolgimento di una esercitazione progettuale sul tema della casa unifamiliare, Palermo, 1991

In the introductory part of the workshop, the founding themes of making architecture will be addressed through the analysis of a simple architectural organism: the detached house. The subject of the first lessons will be: compositional principles in architecture in relation to space; architecture and site; construction systems and architectural typologies; light; space, measurements and proportions. The lessons will illustrate these themes starting from the critical analysis of some exemplary works coming from the history of architecture in modernity.
Particular attention will be dedicated to the formation of a figurative culture necessary to make the design choices clearer and more aware, in order to develop in the student the ability to approach the architectural project according to a conscious aesthetic intentionality. The exercises proposed during the first semester will stimulate the student to practically apply the theoretical notions acquired during the lessons.

_Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’architettura. Saggio sull’interpretazione spaziale dell’architettura, Einaudi, Torino 1948
_Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture, (a cura di P. Cerri e P. Nicolin), Milano, Longanesi 1984
_Ludovico Quaroni, Progettare un edificio. Otto lezioni di architettura, Kappa, Roma 2001 [1° ed. 1977]
_Franco Purini, L’architettura didattica, Gangemi, Reggio Calabria 1980
_Gaston Bachelard, La poetica dello spazio, Dedalo, Bari 1975
_Christian Norberg-Schulz, Il significato nell'architettura occidentale, Electa, Milano 1994
_Franco Purini, Comporre l’architettura, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2000
_Iñaki Ábalos, Il buon abitare. Pensare le case della modernità, Cristian Marinotti Edizioni, Milano, 2009
_Francesco Venezia, Che cos’è l’architettura. Lezioni, conferenze e un intervento, Electa, Milano 2011
_Francesco Cellini, Manualetto. Norme tecniche, costruttive e grafiche per lo svolgimento di una esercitazione progettuale sul tema della casa unifamiliare, Città Studi, Milano 1991
_Bruno Messina, Spazi domestici del XX secolo. Lettera Ventidue, Siracusa 2008

The module intends to illustrate in a simple way, but without giving up the rigor of a university course, what are the objectives of the design of structures as part of a more complete path of the design of a civil work.
Design is always a multi-faceted activity. In the case of the structural aspects, it intends to fulfill the task, within the more general objectives of a project, of guaranteeing the transfer of actions: such as own weights, actions due to external natural events such as wind, earthquakes to others, up to the foundations, seen as the link between the works to be carried out and the ground.
The course aims to clarify to the students the difference between the real problem to be solved, that of creating the structure, and the tools with which we face and solve the design process. In the case of structural design it is essential to guarantee two fundamental issues: the safety and functionality of the work, however this must be done in compliance with other constraints imposed on the project by needs of a social, functional, aesthetic, economic nature and many others that contribute to determine the judgment on the sustainability of the work itself.
Some existing works are illustrated. The structure of the same is identified. It illustrates how it works. First indications are given on possible models of interpretation of the physical behavior, on how the loads can be transferred up to the foundation soil. This takes the opportunity to identify possible alternative choices. We provide first definitions of the main structural elements into which it is possible to break down the structure to simplify the design concept. It is therefore the structure as a whole, the individual elements such as beams, pillars, stairways and others.
Finally, the concept of size is illustrated, which represents a fundamental aspect of the project and the choice of building materials, and finally the representativeness of scale models of the works to be built is clarified.

The course refers to the teaching material distributed in the course by the teacher.

The subject of this course is to show in a simple and intuitive manner, without loosing the rigor of a university course, which are the goals of structural design within the framework of the design of civil realizations.
Design is a multifold activity. In the case of structural design the fundamental task is to transfer loads to the foundations. Loads can be due to gravity but also to other natural actions in many cases external ones. This is the case of seismic action, wind and others.
The course intends to clarify the difference between the real problem to be solved: build the structure, and the instruments with whom we tackle and solve the design procedure.
Structural design is intended essentially as the solution to two main aspects: safety and functionality of the construction. However these former should be attained while respecting many other conditions imposed to the structures due to social functional aesthetic economic and others which contribute to the sustainability evaluation of the realization.
With reference to existing constructions taken as examples, the structure and its behavior is discussed. The physical interpretation of the behavior from the mechanical point of view is illustrated with reference to simple models. Alternative solutions are therefore discussed. First simple indications are given concerning definitions of structural elements in which a structure can usually be decomposed to simplify their structural conception. The whole structure as well as beams columns shear walls and stairs are therefore dealt with as well as of the different construction materials..
Finally the concept of the scale is discussed to present the representativeness of scaled models.

Reference texts and tutorial materials are given by the teacher during lessons.

Mario Salvadori (1998). Perchè gli edifici stanno in piedi. Strumenti Bompiani, collana diretta da Umberto Eco.

Basics of statics of rigid bodies: body, force, moment of a force, static balance.
Basics of mechanics of building materials: glossary.
Introduction to structural mechanics: bending and normal stresses in linear elements, shear force in walls or septa.
Structural elements and their behavior: joists, beams, pillars, frames, walls, reinforced concrete septa.
A focus on: overhangs, stairs, bracing.
Organization of buildings: frame, wall box, reinforced concrete septa, mixed structure.
Structural reading of some important houses in the history of architecture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

The reference text is being written. The class notes are sufficient, given that attendance at the course is compulsory.
The power point files of the lessons will be provided to the students.

The module intends to illustrate in a simple way, but without giving up the rigor of a university course, what are the objectives of the design of structures as part of a more complete path of the design of a civil work.
Design is always a multi-faceted activity. In the case of the structural aspects, it intends to fulfill the task, within the more general objectives of a project, of guaranteeing the transfer of actions: such as own weights, actions due to external natural events such as wind, earthquakes to others, up to the foundations, seen as the link between the works to be carried out and the ground.
The course aims to clarify to the students the difference between the real problem to be solved, that of creating the structure, and the tools with which we face and solve the design process. In the case of structural design it is essential to guarantee two fundamental issues: the safety and functionality of the work, however this must be done in compliance with other constraints imposed on the project by needs of a social, functional, aesthetic, economic nature and many others that contribute to determine the judgment on the sustainability of the work itself.
Some existing works are illustrated. The structure of the same is identified. It illustrates how it works. First indications are given on possible models of interpretation of the physical behavior, on how the loads can be transferred up to the foundation soil. This takes the opportunity to identify possible alternative choices. We provide first definitions of the main structural elements into which it is possible to break down the structure to simplify the design concept. It is therefore the structure as a whole, the individual elements such as beams, pillars, stairways and others.
Finally, the concept of size is illustrated, which represents a fundamental aspect of the project and the choice of building materials, and finally the representativeness of scale models of the works to be built is clarified.

The course refers to the teaching material distributed in the course by the teacher.

The subject of this course is to show in a simple and intuitive manner, without loosing the rigor of a university course, which are the goals of structural design within the framework of the design of civil realizations.
Design is a multifold activity. In the case of structural design the fundamental task is to transfer loads to the foundations. Loads can be due to gravity but also to other natural actions in many cases external ones. This is the case of seismic action, wind and others.
The course intends to clarify the difference between the real problem to be solved: build the structure, and the instruments with whom we tackle and solve the design procedure.
Structural design is intended essentially as the solution to two main aspects: safety and functionality of the construction. However these former should be attained while respecting many other conditions imposed to the structures due to social functional aesthetic economic and others which contribute to the sustainability evaluation of the realization.
With reference to existing constructions taken as examples, the structure and its behavior is discussed. The physical interpretation of the behavior from the mechanical point of view is illustrated with reference to simple models. Alternative solutions are therefore discussed. First simple indications are given concerning definitions of structural elements in which a structure can usually be decomposed to simplify their structural conception. The whole structure as well as beams columns shear walls and stairs are therefore dealt with as well as of the different construction materials..
Finally the concept of the scale is discussed to present the representativeness of scaled models.

Giuffré, A. Letture sulla meccanica delle murature storiche, Ed. Kappa, Roma, 1991.
Mastrodicasa, S., Dissesti statici delle strutture edilizie, Hoepli, Milano, 1993.
Pisani, M.A., Consolidamento delle Strutture, Hoepli, Milano, 2008.

Basics of statics of rigid bodies: body, force, moment of a force, static balance.
Basics of mechanics of building materials: glossary.
Introduction to structural mechanics: bending and normal stresses in linear elements, shear force in walls or septa.
Structural elements and their behavior: joists, beams, pillars, frames, walls, reinforced concrete septa.
A focus on: overhangs, stairs, bracing.
Organization of buildings: frame, wall box, reinforced concrete septa, mixed structure.
Structural reading of some important houses in the history of architecture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

The reference text is being written. The class notes are sufficient, given that attendance at the course is compulsory.
The power point files of the lessons will be provided to the students.