Università Roma Tre

Unit 1: Introduction to metamaterials.
Negative-index metamaterials. Classification and terminology. Engheta’s resonator. Pendry’s lens. Transmission-line metamaterials. Miniaturization of electromagnetic components. Miniaturized antennas. Two-dimensional metamaterials: metasurfaces. Design of inclusions for microwave metamaterials. Design of transmission-line metamaterials and design of miniaturized microwave components (elementary cells, phase shifters, rat-race, etc.). Computed-based exercises.

Unit 2: Electromagnetic invisibility and metasurfaces.
Reduction of radar observability. Basic concepts on electromagnetic invisibility. Radar and scattering cross section. Figure of merit for EM cloaks. Basic principles of the transformation of transformation-electromagnetism. Invisibility cloaks based on transformation-electromagnetism. Other approaches to achieve electromagnetic invisibility. Basiuc principles on scattering cancellation. Scattering cancellation by volumetric metamaterials. Scattering cancellation by metasurfaces (mantle cloaking). Mie theory for spherical and cylindrical objects covered by volumetric layers and surface impedances. Implementation of invisibility devices based on the scattering cancellation at microwaves: volumetric materials and metasurfaces. Applications of electromagnetic invisibility to microwaves: invisibility of passive objects, invisibility of receiving antennas and sensors, mutual invisibility of transmitting antennas. Non-linear and waveform-selective electromagnetic invisibility devices and related applications. Computed-based exercises.

Unit 3: Optical metasurfaces.
Optical metasurfaces based on array of nanoparticles. Electromagnetic characterization of metals at optical frequencies. Drude model. Effect of shape and size on the optical response of materials. Surface dispersion effect. Volumetric homogenization techniques of nanoparticle arrays: Maxwell Garnett and Clausius-Mosotti formulas. Two-dimensional homogenization techniques. Applications of optical metasurfaces: electromagnetic invisibility, optical absorbers, anti-reflection coatings and transparent screens. Extension of the two-dimensional model to dielectric metasurfaces. Applications of dielectric metasurfaces. Computed-based exercises.
Module 4: Space-time modulated metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Introduction to EM non-reciprocity based on natural and artificial materials. Introduction to space-time modulated metamaterials. Analysis of a resonator loaded with a space-time modulated metamaterial: coupled mode theory, resonant modes and frequency response. Applications. Free-space and slab propagation in space-time modulated materials. Time-domain propagation in a dielectric slab. Space-time modulated metasurfaces.

Unit 5: Metamaterials for structured fields.
Topological properties of structured fields. Introduction to the concept of orbital angular momentum, phase singularity and topological charge. Generation of EM fields with phase singularities at optical and microwave frequencies. Generation of composite vortices and related topological properties (robustness with respect to the interaction with opaque objects and vortex-less fields). Application examples: patch antenna with Moebius polarization, shaping of the direction pattern, sectorial and saddle radiation patterns. Full-wave and analytical simulations.
Module 6: Measurements of electromagnetic properties of materials.
Techniques for measuring the electromagnetic parameters of materials. Capacitive and inductive method, resonant and non-resonant techniques. Guidelines to choose the appropriate measurement technique. Measuring instruments. Algorithms for parameters retrieval. Nicholson-Ross algorithm.

Learning materials provided by the teacher.