Università Roma Tre

This course deals with the disciplinary horizon of landscape architecture: the art and technique to shape open spaces, with materials, methods and approaches proper of landscaping. It focuses on relationships rather than artifacts, processes rather than outcomes; because it prefers the use of natural and living materials, in evolutionary and cyclical time dimensions; Because it proceeds through strategies and programs rather than forms; Because it requires the contamination of various professional skills (botany, geology, natural science engineering, environmental sciences, economics and sociology ...); Because it crosses scale and does not proceed mechanically from general to detail; Because it requires the study and interpretation of behavioral and social topics.
The main objective of the course is to understand this complexity within the framework of the urban open space design, to provide the students with the ability to govern and value this complexity on a cultural, ethical, figurative and environmental level through a receptive and attentive sensitivity (listening and viewing skills) and a specific technical skill (ability to intervene and transform).
The project of open space can be declined in a multitude of species of spaces: gardens, parks, shores, residual areas, gardens, squares, streets, streets, parks, and so on, subject to further specific articulations Than reciprocal hybridisations. Some of these categories are the legacy of a long and valuable historical legacy, others talk about contemporaryity and the continuous transformation of urban spaces. On the last we focus our attention.

The course has a theoretical and design character and is divided into three modules - module 1, "Plants Ecology"; module 2, "Landscape Representation"; module 3, "Landscape Architecture" - which work in a synergic way to offer a framework of methodological, theoretical and operational knowledge aimed at designing open spaces in urban areas.

E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi Editore 2005.
M. Corrado e A. Lambertini, Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, 2011.
G. Cullen, Il paesaggio urbano, Calderini 1976.
K. Lynch, L’immagine della città, Marsilio 1964.
C. W. Moore, W. J. Mitchel, W. Turnbull, The poetics of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge-London 1988, trad. it. La poetica dei giardini, Muzzio Editore 1991.
D. Pandakovic, Dal Sasso A., Saper vedere il paesaggio, Ed. CittàStudi, 2009.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura – Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli 2005.
F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio – 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore 2006.
F. Zagari, Sul paesaggio. Lettera aperta, Libria 2013.

Learning Goals and Objectives: provide students basic knowledge of Botany and Vegetal Ecology related to patterns, processes and paradigms in Landscape Ecology and Urban Ecology.

Contents
•Elements of Biology, Botany and Ecology: Definition of living system, plant and vegetal organism. - Structure and Function of Vascular Plants - Photosynthesis process – Life-forms and Chorotypes.
•Biocenosis – Biotope–Habitat-Ecosystem –Landscape. Anthropocene and Symbiocene.
•Matter cycles and energy flows in natural and urban ecosystems. The city as a dissipative system.
•Nature’s gradients in the Landscape: naturals, semi-naturals, rurals, artificial ecosystems (parks and gardens, urban and peri-urban areas).
•Systematic Botany - Flora and Vegetation - Native and aliens plants, archeophytes and neophytes, spontaneous, apophytes and cultivated plants.
•Flora and vegetation in urban environment and in natural habitat.
•Vegetation structure – Plants Community - Vegetation dynamics – Phytosociology - Biomes and Ecoregions.
•Phytogeography - Mediterranean biogeographical region– World mediterranean ecozones.
•Latium green Landscape: mediterranean, submontan and riparian vegetation, Roman Campagna (Countryside) as anthropic steppe.
•Habitat, definition and classification scheme based on EU Habitats Directive; list of threatened regional endemic habitats objects of conservation and protection measures: SIC, ZSC e ZPS; Hot-spots and Vegetation Red Lists of endagered species.
•Landscape Ecology: patch - matrix - corridor model, buffer zone, ecological network.
•Habitat fragmentation and connettivity, Genetic drift, Biodiversity in natural and urban areas. Third Landscape.
•Trees and the process of vegetal succession in urban areas.
•Taxonomy of forest, wood, countryside and streetscape trees, arboreal composition and dynamics of periurban and urban green, performance, physiology, and morphology of urban trees as well their ecosystem services.
•Urban forestry between wilderness, planning and ecosystemic approach.

Ecologia:
E. ODUM, 1987 – Ecologia. Zanichelli

Vegetazione:
PIGNATTI S. et al., 1995 - Ecologia vegetale. UTET
POLUNIN O. e WALTERS M., 1987 – Guida alle vegetazioni d'Europa. Zanichelli

Ecologia del paesaggio:
RICHARD T T FORMAN, 1995 - Land Mosaics The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press
Ecologia urbana
RICHARD T T FORMAN, 2014 - Urban Ecology Science of Cities
Cambridge University Press
DUNCAN GOODWIN 2017 The Urban Tree
Routledge

Gilles Clément Manifesto del Terzo paesaggio 2005 Quodlibet o pdf libero online.

The Landscape Representation lessons will be aimed at providing the cognitive and practical bases for the analogical and digital management of the landscape project. In particular, attention will be paid to the representation of the landscape through drawings in the various techniques. In this regard, students must keep an A5 format notebook on which to write down information, ideas, and sketches of the project area. Other lessons will be dedicated to the digital representation of the landscape, with targeted lessons on photographic techniques, image management, post production and project render composition through photo editing software. Students will be presented with the new trends in landscape representation, so that they can re-propose the techniques also in the projects of the year theme.
Other lessons will be dedicated to the laboratory which will allow a direct and continuous comparison with the students for a complete project management in different aspects.

Maria Grazia Cianci, 2008. Metafore. Rappresentazione e interpretazioni di paesaggi. Ediz. Illustrata. Editore Alinea, 196 pp., ill. EAN: 9788860552181
Maria Grazia Cianci, 2008. Rappresentazione del paesaggio. metodi, strumenti e procedure per l'analisi e la rappresentazione. Editore Alinea, 151 pp. ISBN 8860553083, 9788860553089
Alessandro Pittaluga, 1987. IL Paesaggio nel territorio. Hoepli, Trento. 232pp
De Luca, L. 2011. La Fotomodellazione Architettonica. Palermo, Italy. Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2011. ISBN:978-88-579-0070-4
Folin M., Rappresentare la città. Topografie urbane nell’Italia di antico regime. Diabasis, 2010, Reggio Emilia. Pp. 106-107.
Stroffolino D., La città misurata. Tecniche e strumenti di rilevamento nei trattati a stampa del Cinquecento, Salerno, Roma 1999, pp. 128 – 132.