Università Roma Tre

Week 1 – Baisc Concepts
1. Introduction: The academic discipline of Strategic Studies
2. The Concept of Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 17-32.*
3. Changes in the Concept of Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 33-47.
Peter Layton, ‘The Idea of Grand Strategy’, RUSI Journal 157/4 (August 2012), 56-61.

Week 2 - From Strategy to “Grand Strategy”
4. The development of Strategy: Construction
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 58-74
5. The development of Strategy: Execution
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 74-91.
6. How Strategy Works
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

Week 3 - Strategy and National Security in Italy: Architecture, Organization and Process.
7. How Strategy Works: Planning
P. H. Liotta and Richmond M. Lloyd, ‘From Here to There: The Strategy and Force Planning Framework’, Naval War College Review, 58/2 (Spring 2005).
8. National Strategy and Defense: The Case of Italy
Federica Di Camillo e Lucia Marta, ‘Una Strategia di Sicurezza Nazionale Per l’Italia: Elementi di Analisi’ Quaderni Istituto Affari Internazionali, 34 (2009), 7-23.
9. Organization (I): The Functioning of the Consiglio Supremo di Difesa
Riccardo Bellandi, Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa (Bologna: Dipartimento di Diritto Pubblico, 2012), 279-327.

Week 4 – Strategy and National Security in Italy: Architecture, Organization and Process (II)
10. Organization (II): Intelligence, Strategy and National Security.
Alfonso Montagnese & Claudio Neri, L’evoluzione della sicurezza nazionale italiana (Roma: Sistema per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza della Repubblica, 2016), 1-9, 10, 16-17.
11. National Strategy and Defense in Italy: Conclusions
Federica Di Camillo e Lucia Marta, ‘Una Strategia di Sicurezza Nazionale Per l’Italia: Elementi di Analisi’ Quaderni Istituto Affari Internazionali, 34 (2009), 41-54.
12. From National Security to National Defense: The White Paper on Defense.
Libro Bianco della Difesa 2015, chapters 1 and 2.

Week 5 –Technology and Defense Transformation: The RMA Theory
13. National Defense: The White Paper's implications for the Armed Forces.
Libro Bianco della Difesa 2015, chapters 3 and 4.
14. The Origins and Technologies of the RMA IT
Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War (Washington DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, 2004), 1-42
15. RMA-IT: The Future as Prologue?
Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War, 42-68

Week 6 – The Next RMA? Precision-guided Munitions, Battle Networks and Automation.
16. The Robotic Era: General Overview
Robert O. Work and Shawn Brimley, 20YY Preparing for War in the Robotic Age (Washington DC: CNAS, 2014).
17. The Digital Revolution: Power and Conflict in Cyberspace.
Joseph S. Nye, Cyber Power (Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School).
Jacquelyn Schneider, Digitally-Enabled Warfare: The Capability-Vulnerability Paradox (Washington DC: CNAS, 2016).
18. Autonomous Weapons: technologies and implications for future conflicts
Paul Scharre and Michael C. Horowitz, An Introduction to Autonomy in Weapons Systems (Washington DC: CNAS, 2015).

Week 7 – The Transformation of the Italian Armed Forces: The FORZA NEC program
19. The FORZA NEC program: NATO Framework and General Overview
‘Le nuove esigenze militari e la Network Centric Warfare (NCW)’ in Michele Nones e Alessandro Marrone, La trasformazione delle Forze Armate: il programma Forza NEC (Roma: IAI, 2011), 31-42.
Tommaso de Zan, ‘L’Italia e il programma Forza NEC’, in Alessandro Marrone, Michele Nones e Alessandro R. Ungaro, Innovazione Tecnologica e Difesa: Forza NEC Nel Quadro Euro-Atlantico (Roma: IAI, 2015), 119-134.
20. The Transformation of the Army
‘Il Caso Italiano’, in Michele Nones e Alessandro Marrone, La trasformazione delle Forze Armate: il programma Forza NEC (Roma: IAI, 2011), 58-76.
21. The Transformation of the Air Force and the Navy
AAVV, Il ruolo dei velivoli da combattimento italiani nelle missioni internazionali: trend e necessità (Roma: IAI, 2014), 61-65, 83-110
AAVV, La Sicurezza nel Mediterraneo e l'Italia (Roma: IAI, 2014), 140-147.

Week 8 – Technology Industry and Defense in Italy: Past, Present and Future
22. Understanding the Nexus between Research Innovation and Defense
Judith Reppy, The Place of the Defense Industry in National Systems of Innovation (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000), 1-47.
23. The Italian Defense Industry: General overview
Claudio Catalano, La politica industriale nel settore della Difesa (Roma: CeMiSS, 2016), pp. 20-26
24. The Italian Defense Industry: Peculiarities
Claudio Catalano, La politica industriale nel settore della Difesa (Roma: CeMiSS, 2016), pp. 72-101.

Week 9 – The EU Dimension
25. The EU: Strategy and Military Power
Shared Vision, Common Action: A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy (2016)

AAVV, Protecting Europe: Meeting the EU’s Military Level of Ambition in the Context of Brexit (London: IISS, 2018).

26. The EU and the Development of Military Power (I)

Andrea Gilli and Mauro Gilli, ‘Emerging Technologies: Unamanned Aerial Vehicles’, in Hugo Meijer & Marco Wyss, The Oxford Handbook of European Defence and Armed Forces (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2018), 743-760.

27. The EU and the Development of Military Power (II)

Vincent Boulanin, ‘Cyber Capabilities’, in Hugo Meijer & Marco Wyss, The Oxford Handbook of European Defence and Armed Forces (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2018), 760-779.

Week 10 – European Defense (II)
28. The EU and the foundations of military power: The Development of a EU DTIB (I)

AAVV, The Development of A European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (Bruxelles: EU Parliament, 2013), 12-51.

29. The EU and the foundations of military power: The Development of a EU DTIB (II)

AAVV, The Development of A European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (Bruxelles: EU Parliament, 2013),52-70.

30. Conclusions

Week 11
Students' Presentations

Week 12
Students' Presentations (II)

All students are required to participate in group presentations (the number of members will vary depending on the number of students enrolled in the course) on the topic "The USA, the Third Offset Strategy and the Transatlantic Gap: What Future for European Defense? ".
Through an assessment of the trajectory of European Defense policy, and focusing in particular on issues of technological innovation, research & development, and capacity building, the presentations should answer the following questions:
1. How much can the trajectory of EU defense policy be considered similar to the 3OS program? In which areas and capabilities do US and EU defense policies resemble each other? In which do they differ?
2. Given the current trajectory of EU defense policy, is the technological-military gap between the US and the EU member states of NATO likely to increase or decrease?
3. Does the trajectory of EU defense policy, the capacities and technologies identified as priorities respond adequately to the main threats that the EU could face?
The instructor will provide the students with the teaching material necessary to structure the questions to which the presentations will have to answer, however the groups will have to carry out an autonomous research of the sources on which to base their analysis, drawing exclusively on documentation and studies of the European institutions, studies and publications of the European Defense Agency and RAND Europe.
https://eda.europa.eu/info-hub/publications
https://www.rand.org/randeurope/publications.html
Presentations will be discussed with the class during the last two weeks of the course. Finally, all the students will have to take an oral exam. Students are required to attend at least 2/3 of the total number of classes.

Program for Students not attending classes

Students not attending classes will have to study the same material as students attending classes as well as submitting 3 interim papers summarizing the most important topics discussed during classes in the time period of reference. These should be comprised between 1000 and 1500 words and must be submitted electronically by:

October 31: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4.
November 22: weeks 5, 6, 7.
December 13: weeks 8, 9, 10.

By December 20 Students not attending classes will have also to submit a 3500 words paper on the topic of the policy presentations.

Il materiale didattico verrà fornito direttamente dal docente.