Università Roma Tre

The concept of illness: the disease as an alteration of the normal state; the disease as a modification of the homeostasis of the organism; the disease as a loss of health. Morbid state. Syndrome. Aetiology: the concept of "cause" in pathology. Pathogenesis.

General Aetiology. Hereditary diseases and congenital malformations. Causes of embryopathies and fetopathies. Teratogenicity. Causes of chemical nature (environmental pollutants). Physical causes (high and low temperatures, atmospheric pressure variations). Nutrition as a cause of disease.

Cellular response to damage. Reversibility and irreversibility of cellular lesions. Cellular adaptive responses to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia) as well as to tissue hypoxia.

Cell Death. Necrosis, apoptosis, and other types of cell death: morphological aspects, molecular mechanisms. Cellular damage assessment with serum-enzymatic techniques.

Inflammation and Repair. Innate immunity and acute inflammatory reaction: tissue, vascular, cellular and molecular aspects, systemic manifestations (leukocytosis, acute response, fever). Chronic inflammation: role of macrophages and lymphocytes, granulomas.

General Oncology. The concept of neoplasia. Clinical and genetic classification of benign and malignant tumors. Tumor markers. Natural tumor history: silent status (cancer dormancy), angiogenesis, infiltrative growth, metastasis. Metastatic pathways, organotropism of metastases. Chemical causes of tumors, experimental carcinogenesis, multiphasic carcinogenesis, concept of tumor progression. Physical causes of tumors: ionizing and exciting radiations, DNA and RNA oncogenic virus. Cell proto-oncogenes, oncosuppressor genes. Regulation of normal and neoplastic proliferation. Genes that control the progression in cell cycle and senescence. Genome instability. Neoplastic cachexia. Epigenetic mechanisms in tumors. TNM Classification.

Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Volume Unico di Patologie Generale. Edito da Elsevier, 8° Edizione 2010; ISBN:9788821431746
Pontieri, Russo, Frati i - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale V ediz. -Solo Volume Primo-Edito da Picccin, 2012; ISBN: 978-88-299-2726-5
Moncharmont e coll. - Patologia Generale. Edito da Idelson-Gnocchi, 2012; ISBN:978-88-7947-542-6
Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman – Le basi dell’immunologia – Fisiopatologia del sistema immunitario – terza edizione 2013 , Edito da Elsevier ISBN:978-88-214-3465-5