Università Roma Tre

This course deals with the disciplinary horizon of landscape architecture: the art and technique to shape open spaces, with materials, methods and approaches proper of landscaping. It focuses on relationships rather than artifacts, processes rather than outcomes; because it prefers the use of natural and living materials, in evolutionary and cyclical time dimensions; Because it proceeds through strategies and programs rather than forms; Because it requires the contamination of various professional skills (botany, geology, natural science engineering, environmental sciences, economics and sociology ...); Because it crosses scale and does not proceed mechanically from general to detail; Because it requires the study and interpretation of behavioral and social topics.
The main objective of the course is to understand this complexity within the framework of the urban open space design, to provide the students with the ability to govern and value this complexity on a cultural, ethical, figurative and environmental level through a receptive and attentive sensitivity (listening and viewing skills) and a specific technical skill (ability to intervene and transform).
The project of open space can be declined in a multitude of species of spaces: gardens, parks, shores, residual areas, gardens, squares, streets, streets, parks, and so on, subject to further specific articulations Than reciprocal hybridisations. Some of these categories are the legacy of a long and valuable historical legacy, others talk about contemporaryity and the continuous transformation of urban spaces. On the last we stress our attention.

E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi Editore 2005.
M. Corrado e A. Lambertini, Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, 2011.
G. Cullen, Il paesaggio urbano, Calderini 1976.
K. Lynch, L’immagine della città, Marsilio 1964.
C. W. Moore, W. J. Mitchel, W. Turnbull, The poetics of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge-London 1988, trad. it. La poetica dei giardini, Muzzio Editore 1991.
D. Pandakovic, Dal Sasso A., Saper vedere il paesaggio, Ed. CittàStudi, 2009.
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura – Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli 2005.
F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio – 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore 2006.
F. Zagari, Sul paesaggio. Lettera aperta, Libria 2013.

Aim of the course: provide students basic knowledge of Botany and Vegetal Ecology related to patterns, processes and paradigms in Landscape Ecology and Urban Ecology.

CONTENTS

Elements of Botany: Structure and Function of Vascular Plants - Photosynthesis process– C3 and C4 plants - Life forms and Chorotypes.
Systematic Botany - Flora and Vegetation - Native and aliens plants, archeophytes and neophytes, spontaneous and cultivated plants in urban and peri-urban areas. Anthropocene and Wilderness management.
Vegetation structure – Plants Community - Vegetation dynamics – Phytosociology - Biomes and Ecoregions.
Phytogeography - Mediterranean biogeographical region– World mediterranean ecozones.
Ecosystem - Biocenosis – Biotope – Landscape.
Latium Green Landscape: mediterranean, submontan and riparian vegetation, Roman Campagna (Countryside) as anthropic steppe.
Nature’s gradients in the Landscape: naturals, semi-naturals, rurals, artificial (parks and gardens, urban and industrials settlements) ecosystems.
Matter cycles and energy flows in natural and urban ecosystems. The city as a dissipative system
Habitat, definition and classification scheme based on Habitats Directive; list of threatened regional endemic habitats objects of conservation and protection measures: SIC, ZSC e ZPS; Hot-spots and Vegetation Red Lists of endagered species.
Landscape Ecology: patch - matrix - corridor model, buffer zone, ecological network.
Habitat fragmentation and connettivity, Genetic drift, Biodiversity in natural and urban areas.
Flora and vegetation in urban environment and natural habitat, arboreal composition and dynamics of periurban and urban green, taxonomy of forest, wood, countryside and streetscape, trees morphology, physiology and ecosystem services.

Ecologia:
E. ODUM, 1987 – Ecologia. Zanichelli

Vegetazione:

PIGNATTI S. et al., 1995 - Ecologia vegetale. UTET
POLUNIN O. e WALTERS M., 1987 – Guida alle vegetazioni d'Europa. Zanichelli

Ecologia del paesaggio:
RICHARD T T FORMAN, 1995 - Land Mosaics The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press
Ecologia urbana
RICHARD T T FORMAN, 2014 - Urban Ecology Science of Cities
Cambridge University Press
DUNCAN GOODWIN 2017 The Urban Tree
Routledge

The Landscape Representation lessons will be aimed at providing the basics
knowledge and practices for the analogical and digital management of the landscape project. In particular
attention will be drawn to the representation of the landscape through drawings in the various techniques.
In this regard, students must keep an A5 format notebook on which to write down
information, ideas, and sketches of the project area. Other lessons will be dedicated to
digital representation of the landscape, with lessons focused on photographic techniques, on the
image management, on post production and composition of project renderings through
photo editing software. Students will be presented with new trends in representation
of the landscape, so that they can reproduce the techniques also in the projects of the theme of the year.
Other lessons will be dedicated to the laboratory that will allow a direct and continuous comparison with
the students for a complete project management under different aspects.

- M. G. Cianci, Metafore. Rappresentazione e interpretazioni di paesaggi, Alinea, 2008.
- M. G. Cianci, Rappresentazione del paesaggio. Metodi, strumenti e procedure per l'analisi e la
rappresentazione, Alinea, 2008.
- A. Pittaluga, Il Paesaggio nel territorio, Hoepli, 1987.
- L. De Luca, La Fotomodellazione Architettonica, Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2011.
- M. Folin, Rappresentare la città. Topografie urbane nell’Italia di antico regime, Diabasis, 2010.
- A. Metta, Paesaggi d'autore. Il Novecento in 120 progetti, Alinea, 2008.
- D. Stroffolino, La città misurata. Tecniche e strumenti di rilevamento nei trattati a stampa del Cinquecento,
Salerno Editore, 1999.