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Teacher
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BERNARDI CLAUDIA
(syllabus)
DESCRIPTION:
This course surveys the main processes and events that have characterized the transformations of Latin America in the Twentieth century, focusing on topics in politics, economy, and social issues. Lectures will explore and analyze the many -ism that characterized the history of Latin America and their new and neo version that are still stimulating historiographical and political debate, such as nationalism, socialism, imperialism, populism, and liberalism.
In the last part of the course, the class will pay particular attention to the enduring legacies and challenges of some specific historical issues, such as race, migration, and the particular entrance of Latin America into global capitalism throughout the 20th century. Special emphasize will be placed on the most recent historiographical stances, providing insights into the transnational and global history approach to the study of the region.
NUMBER OF CREDITS: 8
INSTRUCTOR: Claudia Bernardi
CLASS HOURS AND LOCATION:
Monday, Thursday, Friday
from 10.45 a.m. to 12.15 p.m.
Room B on Monday; and Room 1D on Thursday and Friday
Class begin on Friday, 6 October 2017; and end on Thursday, 21 December, 2017
CONTACT:
Email: claudia.bernardi@uniroma3.it
Office hours: Thursday 09.30-10.30 a.m. Room 4.8 bis - “Professors room” 4th floor
Office hours begin on Thursday, 12 October, 2017; and end on Thursday, 21 December, 2017.
METHOD OF PRESENTATION:
Class will meet three times a week (64 hours course).
Lectures will be given with the support of slides and power point presentations to facilitate the first approach to issues and historiographical knots. The course favors a multi-disciplinary method, and therefore the class will use a different array of materials that are relevant as much as readings, including films, photographs, pictures, documentaries, and primary sources.
During lectures, students should feel free, in fact are encouraged, to raise hands and ask questions. Students are also expected to come prepared for discussion with questions, comments, and critiques to foster class debates and collective understanding.
Detailed and continuous guidance will be given during the whole course so to help students in navigating primary and secondary sources, in preparing oral presentation, and in discussing potential statements for short papers.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• Enable students to develop a working knowledge of the key social, political, and economic transformations occurred in Latin America during the 20th century.
• Acquire fundamental knowledge of historical process and political formations developed in Latin America that affected the whole American continent and the global space.
• Develop students’ critical thinking skills through evaluating historians’ arguments, through connecting analytic frameworks and concepts with scholarly studies of historical processes.
• Improve written and oral expressive skills by presenting, discussing, and (substantial) writing.
CONTENTS OF THE COURSE
week 1: October 6
1. INTRODUCTION: The structure of the course: method, assignments, forms of assessment and presentation of materials.
week 2: October 9, 12, 13
PART I. The TRANSFORMATION of LATIN AMERICA in the FIRST DECADES
2. The nation-state formation after the independence
3. The new age of imperialism: the beginning of the “American century”
4. Revolution: the Mexican case at the edge of Latin America
week 3: October 16, 19, 20
5. Liberalism and socialism
6. Populism
7. Economic expansion and industrialization (1880-1930)
week 4: October 23, 26, 27
8. Labor and immigration
PART II. From the SECOND WORLD WAR to the COLD WAR
9. World War II and “The Great Transformation”
10. The struggle for sovereignty and democracy
week 5: October 30, November 2, 3
11. The communist threat: Bolivia and Guatemala
12. Revolution: the troublesome experience of Cuba
13. Populism: the Brazilian and Argentinian cases
week 6: November 6, 9, 10
14. Wrap-up discussion about PART I and PART II
15. Mid-term examination [November 9, 2017]
PART III. DICTATORSHIPS, DEPENDENCY, and DEMOCRACY
16. The haunting presence of US: the Alliance for Progress
week 7: November 13, 16, 17
17. Military regimes and dictatorship: the case of Chile
18. Economic growth, desarrollismo and dependency (1930-1973)
19. The transition to democracy
week 8: November 20, 23, 24
20. Presidentialism and political systems
In-class presentations - option 3
21. Images of subalternity and race
In-class presentations - option 2
22. Populism: the Mexican case
In-class presentations - option 5
week 9: November 27, 30, December 1
23. Labor and nationality
In-class presentations - option 1
24. Wrap-up discussion about PART III
PART IV. GLOBALIZATION, LABOR and MIGRATION
25. Neoliberalism and the politics of debt
week 10: December 4, 7
26. The New Economic Model
[Short paper abstract and bibliography due: December 4, 2017]
27. Latin America goes north
week 11: December 11, 14, 15
28. The tortilla curtain and the militarized edge of the south
In-class presentations - option 4
29. The transnational turn
30. A global approach to the history of Latin America
week 12: December 18, 21
31. Wrap-up discussion about PART IV
32. Final examination [December 21, 2017]
Short papers due on Monday, 15 January, 2018: papers will not be accepted after this deadline.
N.B. The schedule of in-class presentations is tentative and will be changed according to the number of presentations due and to the availability of students. Presentations can take place also during
the “wrap-up discussions” at the end of PART I-II (November, 6), PART III (November, 30), or PART IV (December, 18).
(reference books)
MANDATORY READINGS
• Thomas E. Skidmore, Peter H. Smith, James N. Green, Modern Latin America, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 2014.
Part II and part III
• Teresa A. Mead, A History of Modern Latin America. 1800 to the Present, Second Edition, WILEY Blackwell, Oxford, 2016 [From chapter 4 “Fragmented nationalism”, till chapter 13].
Ch. 4-13, pp. 84-317.
• John H. Coatsworth, Roberto Cortés Conde, Victor Bulmer-Thomas (eds), The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Volume II The Long Twentieth Century, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
Ch. 4 - Victor Bulmer-Thomas, “Globalization and the New Economic Model in Latin America”, pp. 135-166.
Ch. 10 - Blanca Sánchez-Alonso, “Labor and Immigration”, pp. 377-426.
• Matthew Brown, “The Global History of Latin America”, in Journal of Global History, vol. 10, Issue 3, November 2015, pp. 377-386.
• Selected readings will be assigned in class and provided by the instructor.
READINGS FOR IN-CLASS PRESENTATIONS (FIVE OPTIONS):
1. Leon Fink (ed), Workers across the Americas. The Transnational Turn in Labor History, Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, 2011 [chapter 10, 14, and 17; pp. 136-162, 245-266, 329-354].
Ch. 10 - Catherine Nolan Ferrell, “De facto Mexicans”. Coffee Workers and Nationality on the Guatemalan-Mexican Border, 1931-1941, pp. 136-162.
Ch. 14 - Michael Snodgrass, “Patronage and Progress. The Bracero Program from the perspective of Mexico”, pp. 245-266.
Ch. 17 - John H. Flores, “A Migrating Revolution. Mexican political Organizers and their Rejection of American Assimilation, 1920-40”, pp. 329-354.
2. Richard Graham (ed), The Idea of Race in Latin America (1870-1940), University of Texas Press, Austin, 1990.
Ch. 4 - Alan Knight, “Racism, Revolution, and Indigenismo: Mexico, 1910-1940”, pp. 71-114.
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Laura Gotkowitz, Histories of Race and Racism. The Andes and Mesoamerica from Colonial Times to the Present, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2011 [Part III, pp. 159-217].
Seemin Qayum “Indian Ruins, National Origins: Tiwanaku and Indigenismo in La Paz, 1897–1933”, pp. 159-168.
Deborah Poole, “Mestizaje, Distinction, and Cultural Presence: The View from Oaxaca”, pp. 179-203.
Claudio Lomnitz, On the Origin of the “Mexican Race”, pp. 204-220.
3. Scott Mainwaring, Arturo Valenzuela (eds), Politics, Society, and Democracy. Latin America, WestView Press, Boulder Co., 1998 [chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8; pp. 101-202].
Ch. 5 - Jonathan Hartlyn, “Political continuities, missed opportunities, and institutional rigidities: another look at democratic transitions in Latin America”.
Ch. 6 - Arturo Valenzuela, “The crisis of presidentialism in Latin America”.
Ch. 7 - Juan Linz, “Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal”.
Ch. 8 - Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, “The Evolution of Latin American Party Systems”.
4. Timothy J. Dunne, The Militarization of the U.S.-Mexican Border (1978-1992) Low Intensity Conflict Doctrine Comes Home, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1996.
Ch. 1 - Introduction, pp. 1-34.
Ch. 4 - The war on drugs in the U.S. Mexico Border Region, 1981- 1992, pp.103-146.
Ch. 5 - Conclusion, pp. 147-172.
5. Amelia M. Kiddle, María L.O. Muñoz (eds), Populism in twentieth century Mexico: the presidencies of Lázaro Cárdenas and Luis Echeverría, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2010.
Alan Knight - Cárdenas and Echeverría: Two “Populist” Presidents Compared, pp. 15-37.
Diane E. Davis - Policing and Populism in the Cárdenas and Echeverría Administrations, pp. 135-158.
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Carlos de la Torre, Populist Seduction in Latin America, Ohio University Press, Columbus, 2010.
chapter 1, The Ambiguity of Latin American “Classical” Populism, pp. 1-27.
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Michael Conniff, Populism in Latin America, Second Edition, The University of Alabama press, Tuscaloosa, 2012.
Chapter 4 - From Cárdenas to López Obrador Jorge Basurto, pp. 86-109
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Università Roma Tre