Università Roma Tre

Tools and materials for drawing, graphic symbols and conventions. Basic geometric elements. Issues of parallelism, perpendicularity, distance, belonging. Main improper elements. Operations of projection and section, perspectives and homological relations.
Methods of architectural representation: Orthographic projections,Axonometric projection,Central Projection – Perspective,Quoted projections,Theory of the shadows.
For each topic, the spatial genesis, the elements of reference and the representation of basic geometric elements will be discussed. We will then talk about belonging conditions, parallelism, squareness, true size and shape of plane figures, measurement and intersections.

M. DOCCI, M. GAIANI, D. MAESTRI, SCIENZA DEL DISEGNO, CITTÀ STUDI EDIZIONI,TORINO, 2011, 2A ED.
R. MIGLIARI, GEOMETRIA DESCRITTIVA, CITTÀ STUDI EDIZIONI, NOVARA, 2009, VOLL. I E 2.
M. CANCIANI, I DISEGNI DI PROGETTO, CITTÀ STUDI EDIZIONI, NOVARA, 2009.
M. CANCIANI, IL DISEGNO IN PROSPETTIVA, KAPPA, ROMA, 2005.
U. SACCARDI, ELEMENTI DI PROIETTIVA E APPLICAZIONI DELLA GEOMETRIA DESCRITTIVA, LEF LIBRERIA EDITRICE FIORENTINA, FIRENZE, 2004.
A. SGROSSO, LA RAPPRESENTAZIONE GEOMETRICA DELL’ARCHITETTURA, TORINO, 1996.
M. BERARDI, D. MAESTRI, ASSONOMETRIA, ROMA, 1980.

Contents
WE WILL USE THE PRINCIPLES OF DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY TO ILLUSTRATE THE GEOMETRIC MODEL OF AN OBJECT BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY IS REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE, TO ANALYSE AND RECREATE AN OBJECT WHETHER IT BE A DETAIL, A BUILDING OR AN URBAN SPACE. THE MAIN AIM OF THE COURSE WILL BE TO TEACH STUDENTS HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE SPACE, DIMENSIONS AND PROPORTIONS OF THE OBJECTS STUDIED USING THE VARIOUS METHODS IN A COMPLEMENTARY MANNER.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE. THE COURSE WILL BE DIVIDED INTO TWO CLOSELY-RELATED PARTS: A THEORETICAL PART WHERE STUDENTS WILL BE PROVIDED WITH INFORMATION AND TAUGHT THE PRINCIPLES AND RULES GOVERNING ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION AND DESIGN, AND A PRACTICAL PART WHERE THEY WILL CARRY OUT AD HOC AND EXTEMPORE EXERCISES AND EXAMINE THE GEOMETRIC AND PROJECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL DRAWINGS. USING REPRESENTATION METHODS, ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS, AXOMETRIC PROJECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVE WE WILL DESCRIBE GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES, PARALLELISM, INTERSECTION AND DETERMINE THE REAL DIMENSION AND FORM OF PLANE FIGURES. SPECIAL ATTENTION WILL BE GIVEN TO SECTIONS AND THEIR GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION AS WELL AS THE PLANE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES SO THAT THEY CAN BE MANUALLY RECREATED. A BRIEF HISTORY OF REPRESENTATION METHODS WILL BE PROVIDED AND THE DRAWINGS OF SEVERAL AUTHORS WILL BE ANALYSED. IN PARTICULAR THE FOLLOWING WILL BE STUDIED: DOUBLE ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION METHOD, (CONSTRUCTION OF BASIC GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS) – REPRESENTATION OF POINTS, STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES – PROJECTION AND INTERSECTION, THE MEASUREMENT OF SLOPE ANGLES AND THE TRUE FORM OF A PLANE FIGURE – PLANE DEVELOPMENT –SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION – THE SECTIONS OF VOLUMES AND SIMPLE ARCHITECTURAL BODIES AND THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN DIFFERENT VOLUMES, THE THEORY OF SHADOWS. THE REPRESENTATION OF MAJOR GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS IN AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION: POINTS, STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES, OBLIQUE, MILITARY AND CAVALIER PROJECTIONS – RELATIONSHIP OF HOMOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS, ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRUE FORM OF A FIGURE, ORTHOGONAL AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION DIRECT CONSTRUCTION – REFERENCE ELEMENTS – PROBLEMS OF INTERSECTION – AXONOMETRY OF SOLIDS – GRAPHIC CONSTRUCTION OF VAULTED CEILINGS: CROSS VAULTS AND CLOISTER VAULTS.
SPATIAL GENESIS OF REFERENCE ELEMENTS IN PERSPECTIVE – REPRESENTATION OF BASIC GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS – POINTS, STRAIGHT LINES, PLANES – GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES, PARALLELISM, PERPENDICULARITY – POINTS OF MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHT LINES, ANGLES – CONCLUSIVE PROCEDURES OF PERSPECTIVE – VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL AND OBLIQUE PLANE PERSPECTIVE – PROBLEMS OF INTERSECTION AND TRUE FORM CONSTRUCTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES PERSPECTIVE RESTITUTION.

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M. DOCCI, M. GAIANI, D. MAESTRI, SCIENZA DEL DISEGNO, CITTÀ STUDI EDIZIONI, NOVARA, 2011.
DOCCI M., MIGLIARI R., SCIENZA DELLA RAPPRESENTAZIONE, NIS, ROMA 1992.
MIGLIARI R. GEOMETRIA DEI MODELLI, KAPPA, ROMA 2003.