Università Roma Tre

The teaching of the first half of the course is structured by alternating theoretical contributions in the form of lectures with meta-design exercises in the following order:

Architecture and structure: stability and shape.
Wall lattices, trilithons and frames.
Hierarchy, distribution and tectonics of the walls and the frame. From Ledoux to Le Corbusier.

Archetypes of space.
The verticalism as aspiration: the central space.
The path, simultaneity, sequence and succession: the linear space.
The externality as internality : fence and courtyard.
geometric form and space / structural module: fabrics and grids.

conformative space techniques
1-leveling, puncture, steal, hack, plow, dig;
2-add, repeat, juxtapose, superimpose, accumulate, pile up, trap, build;
3-pull, splice, tie;
4-stretch, bend, twist, bend.

The place: the topography, exposure, orientation and scale of perception. From understanding the representation: graphics and three-dimensional models.

BIBLIOGRAFIA
La cultura dell’abitare: gli scritti dei grandi maestri del xx secolo
A.AALTO, Il razionalismo e l’uomo (1935), Per un’architettura più umana (1940), in M. DE
É-L. BOULLÉE, Architettura Saggio sull’Arte, Marsilio, Padova 1981.
M. A. LAUGIER, Saggio sull’architettura, a cura di V. UGO, Aesthetica edizioi, Palermo 1987
LE CORBUSIER, Verso una architettura, Longanesi, Milano 1973.
IL GRUPPO 7 (U.Castiglioni, L.Figini, G.Frette, S.Larco, G.Pollini, C.E. Rava, G.Terragni), Architettura
(1926), Una nuova epoca arcaica (1927), in M. DE BENEDETTI, A. PRACCHI, Antologia dell’architettura
moderna. Testi, manifesti, utopie, Zanichelli, Bologna 1988.
A. LOOS, Architettura e civilizzazione, Mondatori Electa, Milano 2008.
A. LOOS, Parole nel vuoto, Adelphi, Milano 1992, 6° ed.
A. LOOS, Adolf Loos e il suo Angelo. «Das andere» e altri scritti, a cura di M. CACCIARI, Mondatori
Electa, Milano 2002.
L. I. KAHN, Idea e immagine, a cura di C. NORBERG-SCHULZ, Officina, Roma 1987.
L. I. Khan, Architettura è, gli scritti., a cura di M. BONAIUTI, Electa, Milano 2002.
D. PIKIONIS , A sentimental topography,a cura di A. Ferlenga, Electa, Milano 2002
G. PAGANO, Architettura nazionale (1935), L’ordine contro il disordine (1938), in M. DE BENEDETTI,
A. PRACCHI, Antologia dell’architettura moderna.
G. PONTI, Amate l'architettura, Società editrice Vitali e Ghianda, Genova 1957.
Testi, manifesti, utopie, Zanichelli, Bologna 1988.
A. SIZA Scritti di architettura, Electa, Milano 1997.
E. TESSENOW, Considerazioni elementari sul costruire, Franco Angeli ed., 1974.
E. TESSENOW, Il tetto (1927), in M. DE BENEDETTI, A. PRACCHI, Antologia dell’architettura moderna.
Testi, manifesti, utopie, Zanichelli, Bologna 1988.
J. UTZON, Platforms and plateau: ideas of a Danish architecture, in Zodiac, n. 10, 1962.
L. M. VAN DER RHOE, Costruire (1923), Architettura e volontà dell’epoca (1924), in M. DE
T. VAN DOESBURG, Verso un’architettura plastica (1924), in M. DE BENEDETTI, A. PRACCHI, Antologia
dell’architettura moderna. Testi, manifesti, utopie, Zanichelli, Bologna 1988
E. VIOLLET-LE-DUC, L'architettura ragionata, Jaca Book, Milano 1981.
F. L. WRIGHT,Una autobiografia, Jaca Book, Milano 1985
P. ZUMTHOR, Pensare architettura, Electa, Firenze 2003.
P. ZUMTHOR, Atmosfere. Ambienti architettonici. Le cose che ci circondano, Electa, Milano, 2007.
Testi consigliati
STORIA E CRITICA DELL’ARCHITETTURA
L. BENEVOLO, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1960.
L. BENEVOLO, La casa dell’uomo, Editori Laterza, Bari 1976.
K. FRAMPTON, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Zanichelli, Bologna 1993.
K. FREMPTON, Tettonica e architettura. Poetica della forma architettonica nel XIX e XX secolo, Skira,
Milano 1999.
S. GIEDION, Spazio tempo e architettura, lo sviluppo di una nuova tradizione, Hoepli, Milano 1954.
S. GIEDION, L'eterno presente: uno studio sulla costanza e il mutamento. Le origini dell'arte, 2 voll.,
Feltrinelli, Milano 1969.
A. MUNTONI, Lineamenti di Storia dell’architettura contemporanea, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1997.
N. PEVSNER, I pionieri dell'architettura moderna. Architettura, pittura, design: storia del Movimento
moderno da William Morris a Walter Gropius, Garzanti, Milano 1983.
M. TAFURI, F. Dal Co, Architettura Contemporanea, Electa, Milano 1976.
R. VENTURI, Complessità e contraddizioni nell’architettura, Dedalo, Bari 1980 (New York 1966).
B. ZEVI, Storia dell’architettura moderna, Einaudi, Torino, 1994-1996.
STORIA E CRITICA DELL’ARCHITETTURA ITALIANA
G. CIUCCI, F. DAL CO, Atlante dell’architettura italiana del Novecento, Electa, Milano 1991.
F. DAL CO (a cura di), Storia dell’architettura italiana. Il secondo Novecento, Electa, Milano 1997.
S. POLANO, M. MULAZZANI, Guida all’architettura italiana del Novecento, Electa, Milano 1992.
P. O. ROSSI, Roma, guida all’architettura moderna, Laterza, Roma-Bari 1984-2000.
M. TAFURI, Storia dell’architettura italiana 1944-1981, Einaudi, Torino 1985.
G. MURATORE, G. CIUCCI (a cura di), Storia dell’architettura italiana. Il primo Novecento, Electa,
Milano 2004.
LA DIMENSIONE TECNICA E COSTRUTTIVA: LA MANUALISTICA
L. B. ALBERTI, De re aedificatoria, Firenze, 1485.
M. P. VITRUVIO, I dieci libri dell'architettura (rist. anast. 1957), Bardi, Roma 1999.
A. PALLADIO, I quattro libri dell'architettura, Hoepli, Milano 1935.
AA.VV, Manuale dell’Architetto, C.N.R. 1963.
F. CELLINI, Manualetto, Cittàstudi 1991.
S. DI PASQUALE, L’arte del costruire, Marsilio, Venezia 1996.
E. NEUFERT, Enciclopedia pratica per progettare e costruire, Hoepli, Milano 1996.
M. RIDOLFI, Manuale dell’architetto, C.N.R. 1946.
W. BELZ, K. GÖSELE, K. HOFFMANN, R. JENISCH, R. POHL, H. REICHERT, Atlante della muratura, UTET,
Torino 1998.
M. DI MICHELE, Atlante della pietra, UTET, Torino 2004.
B. F. KIND, B. BARKAUSKAS, S. POLÒNYI, J. BRANDT, Atlante del cemento, UTET, Torino 1998.
J. NATTER, T. HERZOG, M. VOLZ, Atlante del legno, UTET, Torino 1998.
H. C. SCHULITS, W. SOBEK, K. J. HABERMANN, Atlante dell’Acciaio, UTET, Torino 1999.
C. SCHITTICH, G. STAIB, D. BALKOW, M. SCHULER, W. SOBEK, Atlante del vetro, UTET, Torino 1999.
B I B L I O G R A F I A
B I B L I O G R A F I A
LE RIVISTE DI ARCHITETTURA
AREA
CASABELLA
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
DETAIL
DOMUS
EL CROQUIS
LOTUS INTERNATIONAL
TECTÓNICA
2G
TESTI DI CARATTERE GENERALE
G. C. ARGAN, L’arte moderna 1770/1970, Sansoni, Firenze 1970.
R. ARNHEIM, Arte e percezione visiva, Feltrinelli, Milano 1885.
R. ASSUNTO, Il paesaggio e l'estetica, ed. Novecento, Palermo 1994.
G. BACHELARD, La poetica dello spazio, Dedalo, Bari 1975.
G. FERRERO, Il libro dei luoghi, a cura di G. CAUDO, Jaca Book, Milano 2001.
C. MARTÌ ARIS, Le variazioni dell’identità, Clup, Milano 1990.
C. NORBERG-SCHULZ, Genius loci. Paesaggio ambiente architettura, Mondatori Electa, Milano 1979.
C. NORBERG-SCHULZ, Esistenza Spazio e Architettura, Officina, Roma 1975.
L. PAREYSON, Estetica. Teoria della formatività, Bompiani, Milano 1988.
F. PURINI,Comporre l’architettura, Roma-Bari, 2000.
V. UGO, I luoghi di dedalo. Elementi teorici dell'architettura, Dedalo, Bari 1991.
A. ROSSI, L'architettura della città, Marsilio, Padova 1966.
G. CANIGGIA , G. L. Maffei, Lettura dell’edilizia di base, Marsilio, Venezia 1979.

Course goal is to initiate students into a first complete design experience focusing on individual dwelling in an isolated context. The theme of the house, next to the direct experience of each individual, is considered the most suitable to enable the student of the first year to get closer to the world as an actor, managing to capture the essence and deeper meanings that substantiate the 'act of building a space of life and interpersonal relationships. A theme apparently simple, if only for the size and the articulation of the spaces, in which, however, manifests itself, without any type of reduction, the entire conceptual complexity, typical technical and methodological of any architectural project. Familiarity with the theme will help the development of a proper sensitivity to the central and foundational issues of the discipline: the size of the rooms in relation to man and his needs, the relationship that develops between the parts and the whole, the relationship between form and structure of form and material, space and light, the dialectic between inside and outside and the body's dialogue with the natural and cultural environment in which it is dropped.

PREREQUISITES

The placement in the first year requires no special requirements.

CONTENTS

The Laboratory of Architectural Design I is the first step of a long and complex training needs of the times and the right gradually righteous; this is ensured by the annual development of the course and its distinction in two distinct parts. The first half, through targeted exercises and theoretical lessons, will be aimed, on the one hand, the acquisition by the student part of the critical tools to understand the complexity of the product architecture and articulation of the thought behind any artifact, from ' other, the development of operational methodologies needed to address the theme of the year and to translate the architectural idea into a completed product and communicable. The second semester will be devoted to the conduct of the project and, of course, to the enrichment of the reference cultural background on the issues consistent with the exercise required.

TEACHING METHOD

In the belief that there is no single path towards the architectural project, it will attempt to provide more points of view, urging the students to experiment with different approaches. The teaching method is "Socratic", pointing through doing and thinking, to bring out the student's own identity as an architect.

VERIFICATION OF LEARNING

The course includes a constant verification of the activities carried out by the student during the entire development of the course. In particular, at the end of the first half, it will be an evaluation of the performed exercises, fitness assessment which will form the continuation of the Laboratory (any deficiencies will be reported to be corrected in the second half). The final exam will consist in the presentation, discussion and evaluation of the project developed in the second half of the exercises carried out in the first part of the course and theoretical content covered during the year.

The aim of the course is to provide a comprehensive understanding of architecture fundamentals addressing: two-dimensional and three-dimensional essential elements of composition (venustas), basic structure and static (firmitas), sizing of livable spaces (utilitas).
The course develops a simple, yet detailed and comprehensive, design experience based on
multi disciplinary experimentations towards a deep understanding of the existing relationships between art and architecture, form and structure, and exterior spaces and between artificial and natural.

The course is divided into two parts. An introductory semester and a more applicative second one.
The two parts are structured around theoretical lectures, design exercises and verification seminars
The lessons provide a basic knowledge and are intended to stimulate students develop a personal approach to architecture.
lessons deal with the evolution of the archetypes of the architecture and will focus in the analysis of some works from the history of art and architecture, in which to read the relationships between art and landscape architecture.

The studio work is intended to stimulate students’ creativity and provides formal, material and conceptual awareness in conceiving the project.
These class exercises have different timing and organization.
From the day ex-tempore, the one-week workshop, and the 2 semesters long project.

Key issues address by the studio;

Figures and objects composition through the use of geometry, color and matter,
Two-dimensional composition (drawings and collages)
Three-dimensional form (sculptures, models) and their assembly compositions according to the central and linear;
Artificial object insertion of an in a abstract natural landscape
Final project: small-scale single-family dwelling

By the end of the first semester students have a midterm test based on the project development evaluation.
By the end of the second semester the final exam verifies the work done during the entire course and the evaluations of the exam requirements; a lab work folder; a complete sketch book with the evolution of the project, five A1 boards (59.4 × 84.1 cm) with diagrams, site plans, 1: 100 floor plans, elevations, sections, texts, one or more project’s three-dimensional images; all the study models produced during the semester and a final 1:100 for the exam.

- Vasilij Kandinskij, Punto, linea, superficie. Contributo all'analisi degli elementi pittorici, Adelphi, 1968
- Kenneth Frampton, Storia dell'architettura moderna, Zanichelli, 2008

This part of the course is aimed at helping the student to understand the main features of the structural systems that determine the material shape of the architecture. They are presented as tools required by the physical laws and instruments useful to communicate the architectural language.

The lessons will be held by four teachers (G. Formica, S. Gabriele, G. Salerno, V. Varano). Each one of them will give a contribution based on the personal teaching experience and research activity.

Teachers notes

The subject of this course is to show in a simple and intuitive manner, without loosing the rigor of a university course, which are the goals of structural design within the framework of the design of civil realizations.
Design is a multifold activity. In the case of structural design the fundamental task is to transfer loads to the foundations. Loads can be due to gravity but also to other natural actions in many cases external ones. This is the case of seismic action, wind and others.
The course intends to clarify the difference between the real problem to be solved: build the structure, and the instruments with whom we tackle and solve the design procedure.
Structural design is intended essentially as the solution to two main aspects: safety and functionality of the construction. However these former should be attained while respecting many other conditions imposed to the structures due to social functional aesthetic economic and others which contribute to the sustainability evaluation of the realization.
With reference to existing constructions taken as examples, the structure and its behavior is discussed. The physical interpretation of the behavior from the mechanical point of view is illustrated with reference to simple models. Alternative solutions are therefore discussed. First simple indications are given concerning definitions of structural elements in which a structure can usually be decomposed to simplify their structural conception. The whole structure as well as beams columns shear walls and stairs are therefore dealt with as well as of the different construction materials..
Finally the concept of the scale is discussed to present the representativeness of scaled models.

Reference texts and tutorial materials are given by the teacher during lessons.

The law of lever according to Archimedes
The balance - Hero of Alexandria
Bending stress: Galileo, Leibniz, Parent
Flexional deformation, extensional deformation
Stevin: composition and resolution of forces; cables & ropes
Virtual work and pulley system
geometrical structural proportioning
plasticity
structural hierarchy
villard de honnecourt: timber slab
Structural regularity
External loads
restraints
space truss
grid
plate & shell
membrane
tensile structure

E. Benvenuto, La scienza delle costruzioni e il suo sviluppo storico, Firenze, 1981, Sansoni.
A. Giuffrè, La meccanica nell’architettura, Roma, 1986, NIS.
S. Di Pasquale, L’arte del costruire, Venezia, 1996, Marsilio.
R. Sparacio, La scienza e i tempi del costruire, UTET, 1999.
M. Clagett, La scienza della meccanica nel medioevo, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1972.
M. Salvadori, R. Heller, Le strutture in architettura, Milano, Etas Kompass, 1967.
G. Galilei, Le mecaniche, in Opere di Galileo Galilei, Torino, UTET, 1980.

This part of the course is aimed at helping the student to understand the main features of the structural systems that determine the material shape of the architecture. They are presented as tools required by the physical laws and instruments useful to communicate the architectural language.

The lessons will be held by four teachers (G. Formica, S. Gabriele, G. Salerno, V. Varano). Each one of them will give a contribution based on the personal teaching experience and research activity.

Teachers notes

The subject of this course is to show in a simple and intuitive manner, without loosing the rigor of a university course, which are the goals of structural design within the framework of the design of civil realizations.
Design is a multifold activity. In the case of structural design the fundamental task is to transfer loads to the foundations. Loads can be due to gravity but also to other natural actions in many cases external ones. This is the case of seismic action, wind and others.
The course intends to clarify the difference between the real problem to be solved: build the structure, and the instruments with whom we tackle and solve the design procedure.
Structural design is intended essentially as the solution to two main aspects: safety and functionality of the construction. However these former should be attained while respecting many other conditions imposed to the structures due to social functional aesthetic economic and others which contribute to the sustainability evaluation of the realization.
With reference to existing constructions taken as examples, the structure and its behavior is discussed. The physical interpretation of the behavior from the mechanical point of view is illustrated with reference to simple models. Alternative solutions are therefore discussed. First simple indications are given concerning definitions of structural elements in which a structure can usually be decomposed to simplify their structural conception. The whole structure as well as beams columns shear walls and stairs are therefore dealt with as well as of the different construction materials..
Finally the concept of the scale is discussed to present the representativeness of scaled models.

Reference texts and tutorial materials are given by the teacher during lessons.

The law of lever according to Archimedes
The balance - Hero of Alexandria
Bending stress: Galileo, Leibniz, Parent
Flexional deformation, extensional deformation
Stevin: composition and resolution of forces; cables & ropes
Virtual work and pulley system
geometrical structural proportioning
plasticity
structural hierarchy
villard de honnecourt: timber slab
Structural regularity
External loads
restraints
space truss
grid
plate & shell
membrane
tensile structure

E. Benvenuto, La scienza delle costruzioni e il suo sviluppo storico, Firenze, 1981, Sansoni.
A. Giuffrè, La meccanica nell’architettura, Roma, 1986, NIS.
S. Di Pasquale, L’arte del costruire, Venezia, 1996, Marsilio.
R. Sparacio, La scienza e i tempi del costruire, UTET, 1999.
M. Clagett, La scienza della meccanica nel medioevo, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1972.
M. Salvadori, R. Heller, Le strutture in architettura, Milano, Etas Kompass, 1967.
G. Galilei, Le mecaniche, in Opere di Galileo Galilei, Torino, UTET, 1980.