Università Roma Tre

Structural theory. Isomerism and stereoisomeries. Resonance and electronic effects. Functional groups: structure, nomenclature and chemical-physical properties of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes, halides, alcohols, amines, imines, phenols, acids, esters, amides, imides and nitriles. Homo- and hetero-aromatic compounds. The main reaction mechanisms: radical halogenation of alkanes; electrophilic addition to alkenes, dienes and alkynes; polymerization; nucleophilic substitution (SN1, SN2) and elimination (E1 and E2) with carbon sp3; aromatic electrophilic substitution; nucleophilic addition to carbonyl and acyl nucleophilic substitution. Synthesis and reactivity of the various functional groups in the light of the reaction mechanisms. Enolates and their inter-, intra-molecular and crossed condensations. Bi- and polyfunctional molecules: acetacetic and malonic synthesis; hydroxyacids, enonic systems, triglycerides (soaps, surfactants and micelles), a-amino acids (structures and isoelectric point), carbohydrates (classification, hemiacetal structures, glucosides, polysaccharides).

Synthetic methods of organic compounds. Purification and separation techniques. Distillation, sublimation, crystallization, separation, extraction, centrifugation. Chromatographic techniques: stationary phase and mobile phase, adsorption chromatography, breakdown, ion exchange, on column, on paper and on thin layer, HPLC, gas-chromatography. Spectroscopy in organic chemistry: fundamental principles of spectroscopy in VIS and IR; NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry. Practical experiences in the laboratory on the topics covered.