Contact the teacher
valentina.benigni@uniroma3.it

Contact the teacher
valentina.benigni@uniroma3.it

Week 1
Introduction and description of the course.
Methodology.

- Joan Scott, Gender: a Useful Category of Historical Analysis, in , 1, V, 1986, pp. 1053 – 1075
- Wendy Brown, Where is the Sex in Political Theory? In , 7, no. 1 1987
- Karen Offen, Defining Feminism: a Comparative Historical Approach, in , vol. 14, n. 11, 1988, pp. 119-157

Ancient Greece: Plato and Aristotle.

- Susan Moller Okin, Plato and the Greek Tradition of Misogyny, in Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, Princeton University Press, 1992,
- Susan Moller Okin, Philosopher Queens and Private Wives, in Women in Western Political Thought
- Susan Moller Okin, Female Nature and Social Structure, in Women in Western Political Thought
- Susan Moller Okin, Woman’s Place and Nature in a Functionalist World, in Women in Western Political Thought





Week 2
Women in medieval thought and early modern European thought
The Church Fathers: St. Augustine
St. Thomas Aquinas: Women’s place in nature
Deconstructing gender in Machiavelli


- Diana Coole, Women in Medieval Thought: Transitions from Antiquity to the Renaissance, in Women in Political Theory, Lynne Rienner Publisher, 1993
- Zillah Eisenstein, The Historical Continuity of Patriarchy, from The Radical
Future of Liberal Feminism, Northeastern University Press, 1993, Chapter 2
- Hanna Pitkin, Fortune is a Woman. Gender and Politics in the Thought of Niccolò Machiavelli, University of California Press, 1984, chapters 2,3,4,5,6
- Joan Kelly, Did Women Have a Renaissance?, from Joan Kelly, Women, History and Theory, University of Chicago Press, 1984, ch. 7


Week 3
- Protofeminism in Venice(XVI -XVII centuries)
- Natural rights against natural authority
- Thomas Hobbes against the Aristotelian model
- John Locke against patriarchy
- Margaret Cavendish
- Diana Coole, Women in Political Theory, chapter 4
- Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract, Stanford University Press, 1988, chapters 1, 4, 6



Week 4
The State of Nature and Reconstructing a Masculinized Republic: Rousseau
Vindicating the Rights of Women: Mary Wollstonecraft
Liberal Feminism: John Stuart Mill
- Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, chapters 5, 6, 7
- Penny Weiss and Ann Harper, Rousseau Political Defense of Sex-Roled Family, from Feminist interpretations of Jean Jacques Rousseau, edited by Linda Lange, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002
- Mary Wollstonecraft, excerpt from A Vindication of the Rights of Women, in The Feminist Papers, edited by Alice Rossi, pp. 40-85
- John Stuart Mill, excerpt from The Subjection of Women, in The Feminist Papers, edited by Alice Rossi, pp.196-238
- Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, chapter



Week 5
Constructing Liberal Feminism in the US: The 19th Century Women’s Rights Movement
Contemporary feminist perspectives on patriarchy: sexual difference feminism and egalitarian feminism.
Movie: “Suffragette”.


- Alice Rossi, Introduction: Social Roots of the Woman’s Movement in America, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 241- 281
- From Abolition to Sex Equality: Sarah Grimké (1792-1837) and Angelina Grimké (1805-1879), in The Feminist Papers, pp. 306-322
- Excerpt from the History of Woman Suffrage, in The Feminist Papers, Seneca Falls Convention, pp. 413-421
- Virginia Woolf, excerpt from A Room of One’s Own, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 627-652
- Simone de Beauvoir, excerpt from The Second Sex, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 674-70



Week 6
- Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?, edited by Susan Moller Okin, Princeton University Press, 1999
In class debate

Week 1
Introduction and description of the course.
Methodology.

- Joan Scott, Gender: a Useful Category of Historical Analysis, in , 1, V, 1986, pp. 1053 – 1075
- Wendy Brown, Where is the Sex in Political Theory? In , 7, no. 1 1987
- Karen Offen, Defining Feminism: a Comparative Historical Approach, in , vol. 14, n. 11, 1988, pp. 119-157
Ancient Greece: Plato and Aristotle.

- Susan Moller Okin, Plato and the Greek Tradition of Misogyny, in Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, Princeton University Press, 1992,
- Susan Moller Okin, Philosopher Queens and Private Wives, in Women in Western Political Thought
- Susan Moller Okin, Female Nature and Social Structure, in Women in Western Political Thought
- Susan Moller Okin, Woman’s Place and Nature in a Functionalist World, in Women in Western Political Thought



Week 2
Women in medieval thought.
The Church Fathers: St. Augustine
St. Thomas Aquinas: Women’s place in nature

- Diana Coole, Women in Medieval Thought: Transitions from Antiquity to the Renaissance, in Women in Political Theory, Lynne Rienner Publisher, 1993
- Zillah Eisenstein, The Historical Continuity of Patriarchy, from The Radical
Future of Liberal Feminism, Northeastern University Press, 1993, Chapter 2
Femininity and masculinity in early modern European thought. Deconstructing gender in Machiavelli


- Joan Kelly, Did Women Have a Renaissance?, from Joan Kelly, Women, History and Theory, University of Chicago Press, 1984, ch. 7
- Ian Maclean, The Renaissance Notion of Women, in , vol. 34, n. 2, Summer 1981, pp. 211-213
- Hanna Pitkin, Fortune is a Woman. Gender and Politics in the Thought of Niccolò Machiavelli, University of California Press, 1984, chapters 2,3,4,5,6


Week 3
Protofeminism in Venice
Natural rights against natural authority
Thomas Hobbes against the Aristotelian model
John Locke against patriarchy
Margaret Cavendish

- Diana Coole, Women in Political Theory, chapter 4
- Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract, Stanford University Press, 1988, chapters 1, 4, 6

Week 4
The State of Nature and Reconstructing a Masculinized Republic: Rousseau

- Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, chapters 5, 6, 7
- Else Wiestad, Empowerment Inside Patriarchy: Rousseau and the Masculine Construction of Femininity, from Feminist interpretations of Jean Jacques Rousseau, edited by Linda Lange, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002
- Penny Weiss and Ann Harper, Rousseau Political Defense of Sex-Roled Family, from Feminist interpretations of Jean Jacques Rousseau, edited by Linda Lange, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002
Vindicating the Rights of Women: Mary Wollstonecraft
Liberal Feminism: John Stuart Mill

- Mary Wollstonecraft, excerpt from A Vindication of the Rights of Women, in The Feminist Papers, edited by Alice Rossi, pp. 40-85
- John Stuart Mill, excerpt from The Sujection of Women, in The Feminist Papers, edited by Alice Rossi, pp.196-238
- Susan Moller Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, chapter 9







Week 5
Constructing Liberal Feminism in the US: The 19th Century Women’s Rights Movement


- Alice Rossi, Introduction: Social Roots of the Woman’s Movement in America, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 241- 281
- From Abolition to Sex Equality: Sarah Grimké (1792-1837) and Angelina Grimké (1805-1879), in The Feminist Papers, pp. 306-322
- Alice Rossi, Along the Suffrage Trail, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 407-412
- Excerpt from the History of Woman Suffrage, in The Feminist Papers, Seneca Falls Convention, pp. 413-421
- Akron Convention and Sojourner Truth, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 426-29
Contemporary feminist perspectives on patriarchy.

- Virginia Woolf, excerpt from A Room of One’s Own, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 627-652
- Simone de Beauvoir, excerpt from The Second Sex, in The Feminist Papers, pp. 674-705

Week 6

Is Multiculturalism Bad For Women?, edited by Susan Moller Okin, Princeton University Press, 1999

CONTENT:

PART I – Introduction and description of the course

1) Introduction : East Asia as a regional entity (geopolitics and culture)
2) Historical overview : The pre-war order in East Asia (the Sino-centric order and the Japanese particularism) – Part I
3) Japan and China facing the first great challenge (Modernity)
4) Japan and China facing the second great challenge (Globalization)
5) Seminar : the construction of the Chinese political identity through the CCP rhetoric in the post-Maoist era
6) Revision
7) Mid-term.

PART II

1) Security, identity and stability in East Asia
2) China and the Japan-U.S. alliance - The security dilemma in East Asia
3) Ambiguous Japan: Japan’s national identity at century’s end
4) Power and purpose in Pacific East Asia
5) Revision
6) Final Exam

Students are expected to write a 2.500 words, theoretically informed, research paper on a topic of their choice which has been previously discussed with the instructor.

This course is taught in English.

Letture richieste:

1) John Welfield, An Empire in Eclipse. Japan in the Postwar American Alliance System, Bloomsbury.
2) Chi-Kwan Mark, China and the World Since 1945. An International History, Routledge.
Rémy Davison, “Asia’s ‘Great Game’”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
3) M.K. Connors, “Between a doctrine and a hard place. Japan’s emerging role”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
4) Rémy Davison, “The Chinese century?”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.

Part I - General introduction. Theory of the European Constitution and constitutional principles of the Union
- The idea of a European Constitution and European constitutional law. The European constituent process
- The thesis of the European democratic deficit and the question of the "European Demos"
- The stages of European integration: from "Ventotene" to Lisbon
- The Lisbon Treaty in the light of multilevel constitutionalism. The strengthening of the European constitutional heritage and the constitutional traditions common to the Member States
- European citizenship, European representative democracy and the European political party system.

Part II - The institutional system of the Union and the sources of European law
- The European form of government: general principles
- The European Parliament and the role of national parliaments
- The reform of the Council system
- The European Commission, the President of the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
- Principles relating to European sources
- European legislative procedures
- European law and national laws

Part III - European protection of fundamental rights
- The judicial system of the European Union (structure and principles)
- The Union's jurisdictions
- The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights
- European fundamental rights and domestic law

- Robert Schütze, European Constitutional law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, latest edition
or
- Allan Rosas, Lorna Armati, EU Constitutional Law. An Introduction, Hart Publishing, Oxford 2018.

- Relevant European legal Texts (TEU, TFEU, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, ECHR, etc.)

Chinese writing system (meaning and identification of radicals), phonological system and pinyin transcription; nominal and verbal phrase; usage and features of the main adverbs, prepositions, conjuctions and particles; auxiliary verbs; Chinese sentence constituents (features and order); types of questions; classifiers; locative particles.

F. Masini, C. Romagnoli, T. Zhang, Y. Chang, Comunicare in cinese, 2021, Milano, Hoepli.

This course will provide students with an analytical framework for the study of international trade. It is divided into two main parts. The first considers both the predictions of the Neoclassical trade theory (i.e., the Ricardian Model and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model) and the new trade models with imperfect competition, including the most recent developments related to firm-level evidence. The second one discusses the effects and the political economy determinants of trade policy. International agreements multilateral trade liberalization and on regional trade liberalization will also be discussed. The course considers both the theories and recent empirical works, as well as a discussion of the relevant methodological issues in measurement and estimation.

Outline

Section 1: International trade: stylized facts
- Facts, changes and history of globalization
- International migration flows

Section 2: Trade theories
- The Ricardian Model
- The Specific-Factors Model
- Factor endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- Movement of labor and Capital
- The New Trade Theories
- Offshoring and Global Value Chain
- Firm Heterogeneity

Section 3: Trade policy
- Import Tariffs and Quotas
- Export subsidies and taxes
- Measuring trade protection
- Non-tariff barriers
- Multilateral trade integration: the World Trade Organization
- Trade policy and the environment

Section 4: Empirical lab sessions
- Trade and trade policies data sources
- Working with trade and trade policies data: the gravity model

R. C. Feenstra and A.M Taylor (2017), International Trade, Forth Edition, Worth Publishers.
Students attended the MA program (Laurea Magistrale) in International Studies:
The course offers 6 CFU for students admitted to the MA program in International Studies in the academic year 2022-2023. Therefore, a shorter study program is provided for these students: chapters 3 and 9 are excluded from the program.

The course will focus on: “The absurd and history”.

It will tackle these topics through the analysis of two novels: Albert Camus, “L’Étranger” (1942) and Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête” (2013).

1) Albert Camus, “L’Étranger”, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1942 (or any other paperback French edition)

2) Maurice Blanchot, “Le mythe de Sisyphe”, “Le roman de l’étranger”, in “Faux pas”, Paris, Gallimard, 1943, pp. 65-71 and 248-253 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

3) Jean-Paul Sartre, “Explication de ‘L’Étranger’”, in “Situations I”, Paris, Gallimard, 1947, 14 p. (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

4) Edward W. Said, “Camus et l’expérience impériale française”, in “Culture et impérialisme”, Paris, Fayard, 2000, pp. 11-33 and 248-268 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

5) Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête”, Arles, Actes Sud, 2014 (paperback edition)

6) Veronic Algeri, “Le vertige intertextuel. Une lecture de Kamel Daoud, ‘Meursault, contre-enquête’”, «Revue italienne d’études françaises» (on-line), n° 9, 2019, 12 p. (available also from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

7) Sandra Travers de Faultrier, “D’un procès à l’autre. À propos de ‘Meursault, contre-enquête’ (Kamel Daoud)”, « Les Cahiers de la Justice » (on-line), n° 4, 2015, pp. 657-660 (available also from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

Camus’s and Daoud’s novels are available from: Feltrinelli Bookstore, Via V. E. Orlando, 78/81 Roma.

Course contents
Module I: Specialty Languages
1. Las lenguas de especialidad
Denominaciones, definiciones y características generales
The horizontal dimension: el léxico y la terminología
The vertical dimension: textos, functions and niveles de especialización

2.El lenguaje jurídico-administrativo:
Origen y características generales
El léxico jurídico
Rasgos morfosintácticos
El estilo formulario
Nivel textual
Géneros textuales

4.El lenguaje de los medios de comunicación
Definición, características, funciones tendencias, géneros

5.El leguaje deportivo
Definición, características, tendencias, géneros

6.El leguaje turístico
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

7.El leguaje advertising
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

Reference text (Required):
Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

Module II: The political language.
1.El Lenguaje político
1.1. Origen y características
1.2. El léxico político
1.3. The political phraseology
1.4. Emisor y recipient
1.5. El contexto histórico
1.6. The retórica
1.7. Estrategias discursivas
1.8. Political persuasion
1.9. La descalificación y el insult
1.10 Tipologías de discursos: totalitarios, de crisis, de investidura

Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

MESSINA FAJARDO L. A. (2020). El discurso político as art of persuasion and social acción. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Note *: For the 2020-2021 academic year, the topics of the political speeches to be analyzed in the term papers must be agreed with the teacher.

This course is designed to introduce students to the methods, theories, and critiques of reconstructing early modern global and world history. It seeks to familiarize students with the major historiographical debates and definitions surrounding the first phase of intensifying global connections that began in the fifteenth century. The course traces the different ways in which various scholars have analyzed the dramatic expansion of cross-cultural interactions and economic exchange in the centuries leading up to the formalization of the modern nation-state.
By the early seventeenth century, European merchants had established maritime trade networks across the Atlantic Ocean and eastward to India and China. These networks allowed them to purchase furs, tea, sugar, spices, and other luxury goods that were in high demand throughout Europe. In the Americas, European colonists began using large numbers of enslaved Africans to grow labor-intensive crops such as sugar cane and tobacco for export to Europe. Portuguese, and later Dutch, merchants acquired many of these slaves from trading posts on the West African coast. Once the slaves had been sold in the Americas, merchants used the proceeds to purchase local goods to sell in Europe. This circular trade pattern dominated the Atlantic economy until the 1800s. European nations carefully controlled their trade networks to protect them from rival states. The Dutch East India Company, for example, owned its own private army and navy, which was used to defend its trade links with India and Southeast Asia.
Global trade changed patterns of production and consumption around the world and led to the rapid growth and development of England and the Netherlands at the expense of the old colonial powers such as Spain and Portugal. In this course we will examine the growth of global trade networks in the 1600s and assess the political, social, and cultural impact of these networks on the peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Particular attention will be paid to the global circulation of objects and books in the early modern world.

A syllabus with assigned weekly readings will be distributed at the beginning of the course

CONTENT

PART I – TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Definition of sustainability: link between transport, environment and development
Preserving resilient transport to climate change
Wide reforms on a low-carbon path
Financing issues for mitigation and adaptation

PART II – URBAN FREIGHT AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
Relevance of sustainable urban freight transport
Stakeholders involved and their role
Types of intervention measures, innovative solutions and best practices
Behavioural analysis and planning

This course is taught in English.

Required readings:

Block, R., Kopp, A., Limi, A. (2013). Turning the right corner : ensuring development through a low-carbon transport sector. Directions in development: environment and sustainable development. Washington DC; World Bank.

Curtis C. (2020). Handbook of Sustainable Transport. Research Handbooks in Transport Studies series. Edward Elgar, USA.

Macharis C., Melo S. (2011). City Distribution and Urban Freight Transport. Multiple Perspectives. Edward Elgar, UK.

Articles published in High-Quality Scientific Journals will be provided during the course.

Introduction to International Monetary System
Interest Rates, Financial Instruments and the Role of Risk
The market for Foreign Exchange
International Banking System and Financial Markets
International Finance and Monetary Policy

This course is taught in English.

McGraw Hill Custom Book ISBN 9781308923505 based on
International Finance, 7th Global Edition by Eun, Resnick, 2014
Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, Fourth Edition by Cecchetti, Schoenholtz, 2015

Kickoff Lecture (topic to be decided)

Section one – Digital Rights
• Right to privacy and data protection
• E-commerce and consumer protection
• Online services and the algorithmic society

Workshop 1 (topic to be decided)

Section two – Online Protection of Fundamental Rights
• Freedom of expression and hate speech
• Protecting children online
• Countering terrorism in the digital space

Workshop 2 (topic to be decided)

Section Three – Digital Political Participation
• Digital democracy
• Digital platforms and citizenship
• Digital parties and political participation

Final conference (topic to be decided)

Readings and studying materials will be provided during the Modules

The course, divided in two modules (Module 1: Multicultural American Literature; Module 2: Asian American Writers) focuses on the discussion, from a multiethnic and multicultural perspective, of historical, social, political, and economic issues that arise from the reading of the literary selection. Special attention will be given to the analysis of literary texts in order to understand the relationship between American literature and the national identity of the United States of America.

Alvarez, Julia. “Snow”, in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. New York: Bloomsbury, 2004 (1991), 86-87.
Bui, Thi. The Best We Could Do. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2017 (excerpts).
Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street, London: Vintage, 1991 (1984) (excerpts).
Danticat, Edwidge. “Children of the Sea” and “Caroline’s Wedding,” in Krik? Krak! New York: Soho Press, 1995, 3-25, 135-188.
Gillan, Maria Mazziotti. “Shame and Silence in My Work,” in Mary Ann Vigilante Mannino and Justin Vitiello (eds.) Breaking Open: Reflections on Italian American Women’s Writing. West Lafayette (IN): Purdue University Press, 2003, 153-175.
Lahiri, Jhumpa. “Interpreter of Maladies,” in Interpreter of Maladies. London: Harper UK, 2000, 43-69.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif”, in Martin, Wendy (Ed.) The Art of the Short Story. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006, 1167-1181.
Santos, Bienvenido. “Quicker with Arrows”, in Wong, Shawn (ed.) Asian American Literature. A Brief Introduction and Anthology. New York: HarperCollins, 1996, 80-102.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “Yellow Woman”, in Charters, Ann (Ed.) The Story and Its Writer (9th Ed.) Boston and New York: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2015, 1208-15.
Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. Harmondsworth (UK): Penguin, 2003 (1996) (excerpts).
Tusiani, Joseph. Gente Mia (excerpts), in Ethnicity. Selected Poems, New York: Bordighera Press, 2000, 1-6, 8-9.
Yamamoto, Hisaye. “Yoneko’s Earthquake,” in Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 2001, 46-56.

The module examines the history of human migration, focusing mostly on the early modern and modern periods. Students will learn about structural aspects of migration, different types of migration and migratory dynamics linked to globalisation processes. Departing from case studies students will critically engage with broader issues such as: the difference between forced and free migration, the relationship between migration and (de)colonisation processes and the changes in the acceptance policies of some European countries during the 20th century. Part of the module will focus on migration across the Mediterranean in a diachronic perspective, addressing the political and economic causes of the phenomenon. Finally, during the seminars, students will be encouraged to analyse the current debate on migration from an historical perspective.

A reading list will be provided in week 1.

I. The Premise: Representative institutions in Europe before the State
Political representation in late middle ages: the monarch, the assembly and the function of political consent: Kingdom of Leon and the realms of Crown of Aragon; English representative government. The Italian communes and their representative institutions: the recognition of political will in a citizens' assembly. Representative experiences during the early modern period.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
Marsilius (1324), The defender of the peace
An. (1340 ca.), Manner of Holding Parliament in England,
H.G. Koenigsberger, Monarchies and Parliaments in Early Modern Europe.

II. The Westminster model in England and beyond
Parliamentarism during the Civil War: the confrontation between sovereignity and representation.The powerful parliament: legislative supremacy, controlling the Government. English influence on American experience: the fusion with presidentialism? Parliament's reform during Victorian Age. Enriching political representation: responsibility and publicity.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
H. Parker (1643), The oath of pacification, or, A forme of religious accomodation humbly proposed both to King and Parliament,
Th. Hobbes (1679), Behemoth or The Long Parliament.
E. Burke (1770), Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontent.
Ch.J. Fox (1775), The Speeches of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox, in the House of Commons.
A. Hamilton, J. Jay, J. Madison (1788), The Federalist Papers.
J.S. Mill (1859), Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform.
W. Bagehot (1867), The English Constitution.

III. The French instance
Parlamentarism (and antiparlamentarism) during the Revolution. National sovereignity or popular sovereignity: the debate after the Revolution. Bourbon restoration and the question of deliberation. The Second Republic and the invention of national representation.The long apprenticeship of parliamentary democracy: the Third Republic.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
J.J. Rousseau (1762), The Social Contract.
M.-J,-A.-N. de Condorcet, Political Writings.
B. Constant (1815) Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments.
F. Guizot (1851), The History of the Origins of Representative Government in Europe.
A. de Tocqueville (1835-1840), Democracy in America.

IV. The Italian path towards Parliamentarism

Nation building and/or Revolution countering: political representation before 1861. The liberal age and the introduction of parliamentarism. The democratic debate after World War II.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
Civilization and Democracy: The Salvemini Anthology of Cattaneo's Writings.
G. Giolitti (1919), Speech at Dronero.
G. Mosca (1933), The Ruling Class.

V. Parliamentarism in the Austrian-German area
Constitutional experiences during the XIX century. “The (quick) rise and fall of Weimar” parliamentarism. (Re)constructing parliamentary democracy after Nazism.

Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
G.W.F. Hegel (1820), The Philosophy of Right.
M. Weber (1917), Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order.
H. Kelsen (1929), The essence and value of democracy. .
J.A. Schumpeter (1942), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
H. Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy.

VI. Cultures of antiparliamentarism in the XXth century
the transversal culture of anti-parliamentarism in the crisis of the liberal State. Socialist theories of political representation: soviet or parliament? Liberal parliaments under attack. Political representation and totalitarism.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
V.I. Lenin (1919), Should We Participate in Bourgeois Parliaments?.
C. Schmitt (1923), The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy.
G. Gentile (1934), Origins and Doctrines of Fascism.
A. Gramsci (1935), Notes 74 and 76 of Notebook 14, in The Prison Notebooks.

Cultures of European Parliamentarism
Two directions of historical analysis: the relation with other EU institutions; the relation with
national parliaments. Representation of European governments and parliaments (1952-1976). Representation of Europeans (1976-1992). Representation of European citizens (1992-2009). The European Parliament after Lisbon (2009-). Representation, citizenship and democracy beyond borders in Europe.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
A. Spinelli (1983), Towards the European Union.
J. Habermas 2012), The crisis of European Union. A response.
G. Morgan (2005), The Idea of a European Superstate: Public Justification and European Integration.
P. Dann (2003), European Parliament and Executive Federalism.
A. Follesdal, S. Hix, 2006. Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU.

1. Teaching resources provided by the teacher during the class
2. Selected readings for in-class discussion

The course is structured in 4 parts (9 CFU):

1) An overview of the European Union’s history, politics and institutional developments: from the European Community of the 1970s to the EU of the 2000s.

2) Environmental challenges and politics in an international history perspective, from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 to the Paris Agreement of 2015: conservation; global threats; multilateral negotiations; and the rise of climate change in international politics.

3) The roots and development of the EU environmental policy within the context of its energy policy, external relations and foreign policy.

4) Students’ short papers and presentations (see list of recommended readings/bibliography).

Attendance is mandatory.

1. Afionis Stavros, The European Union in International Climate Change Negotiations, London, Routledge, 2017;
2. Jordan Andrew, Gravey Viviane(eds), Environmental policy in the EU: actors, institutions and processes, (fourth edition), London, Routledge, 2021, pp. 1-276;
3. Kaiser Wolfram, Meyer Jan-Henrik (eds), International Organizations and Environmental Protection. Conservation and Globalization in the Twentieth Century, New York, Berghahn Books, 2016, pp. 1-102; 153-267; 293-333.