The course is divided into three parts.
The first one is dedicated to Kantian reflection on the relationship between republic and peace, in particular on the role that constitutionalism can play inside and outside the State to guarantee (universal) protection of rights.
From the contextualization of the Kantian project will be evaluated its ability to provide analytic tools also for contemporary democracy.
The second part wil show some problematic issues of current democracy, also in its impact on the international system.
The third part is dedicated to some contemporary authors who have reworked the Kantian paradigm or have tried to find alternative reading keys to the democracy-peace binomial.

1. A paper to choose from:
F. Silvestrini, Crisi della democrazia e del sistema internazionale alla prova del realismo (cosmo)politico kantiano, in «Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali», LXXXIII, 331, luglio-settembre 2016, pp. 395-412.
F. Silvestrini, Kant e la politica come scienza della Respublica. Dalla filosofia alla storia, in «Filosofia politica», XXXII, 2, agosto 2018, pp. 233-250.

2. L. Bonanate (a cura di), Teoria politica e democrazia. Dal passato al futuro, Franco Angeli, Milano 2011 (escluse parti III e V)
Parte I. Dimensioni della teoria politica; Parte II. I grandi temi della teoria democratica; Parte IV. La democrazia al di là dei confini

3. A monograph to choose from:
J. Derrida (1994), Politiche dell’amicizia, Raffaello Cortina, Milano 1995
R. Dworkin (2006), La democrazia possibile. Principi per un nuovo dibattito politico, Feltrinelli, Milano 2007
J. Galtung (1996), Pace con mezzi pacifici, Esperia, Milano 2000
J. Habermas (1996), L’inclusione dell’altro. Studi di teoria politica, Feltrinelli, Milano 2013
H. Kelsen (1944), La pace attraverso il diritto, Giappichelli, Torino 2010
J. Maritain, Elogio della democrazia, La Scuola, Brescia 2012
M.C. Nussbaum (2006), Le nuove frontiere della giustizia, il Mulino, Bologna 2007
J. Rawls (1993), Il diritto dei popoli, Edizioni di Comunità, Torino 2001
M.N. Rothbard (1973), Per una nuova libertà. Il manifesto libertario, Liberilibri, Macerata 2004
D. Zolo, I signori della pace, Carocci, Roma 2001

1. Introduction to international law
2. Peculiarities of international adjudication.
3. International adjudication in disputes between states.
4. International adjudication in disputes concerning human rights.
5. International criminal justice.
6. International arbitration in foreign investments.
7. International Courts and tribunals operating within autonomous legal systems
8. Analysis of ten cases decided by international courts and tribunals

Cases:

1. Koraou (2008), § 73
2. Ben-Khemais (2009), § 9
3. El-Sayed (2010), § 22
4. Lautsi (2011), § 63
5. Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (2012), §§ 49, 50 e 93
6. Al-Jedda (2011), § 87
7. Hirsi (2012), § 69
8. Giuliani and Gaggio (2011), § 64
9. Cestaro (2015), app. 6884/11, available at: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{"itemid":["001-153473"]}
10. Nasr and Ghali (Abu Omar) (2016), app. 44883/09, available at: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{"itemid":["001-113123"]}

Textbooks, with further references therein (in several languages):

1. Carlo Focarelli, Giurisdizioni internazionali (Padova: Cedam, 2017).
2. Carlo Focarelli, Diritto internazionale – II. Prassi (2008-2012), Padova, Cedam, 2012), cases listed below.
3. For students who have passed an exam in international law the following textbook is also required in part: Carlo Focarelli, Diritto internazionale (Padova: Cedam, 2017, 4° ed.), only paras §§ 80, 82, 108-117, 140-166.

The course presupposes an adequate knowledge of international law.

Students who have passed an exam in international law are required to provide a certificate thereof.

Cases discussed in class and to be studied for the exam:

1. Koraou (2008), § 73
2. Ben-Khemais (2009), § 9
3. El-Sayed (2010), § 22
4. Lautsi (2011), § 63
5. Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (2012), §§ 49, 50 e 93
6. Al-Jedda (2011), § 87
7. Hirsi (2012), § 69
8. Giuliani and Gaggio (2011), § 64
9. Cestaro (2015), app. 6884/11, available at: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{"itemid":["001-153473"]}
10. Nasr e Ghali (Abu Omar) (2016), app. 44883/09, available at: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{"itemid":["001-113123"]}

The number following the symbol “§” stands for the case number in the book above sub 2.

The program is as follows:
1. Introduction of the course and macroeconomics in the short run: chapters from 1 to 6 of the textbook, appendices are excluded;
2. Macroeconomics in the medium run: chapters 7-8-9 of the textbook, appendices are excluded;
3. Macroeconomics in the long run: chapters from 10 to 13 of the textbook, appendices are excluded;
4. The open economy: chapters from 17 to 20 of the textbook, appendices are excluded;
5. Back to policy: chapters 21-22 and 23 of the textbook, appendices are excluded.

TEXTBOOK: OLIVIER BLANCHARD, ALESSIA AMIGHINI, FRANCESCO GIAVAZZI, Macroeconomia. Una prospettiva europea, Il Mulino, collana Strumenti, 2016

The course is articulated in two parts.The topic issue is focused on the nature and the classification of war referring to the major international theories (Clausewitz; Schmitt; Aron). The course analyzes the evolution of war in terms of power and legal limits to the use of violence from Westphalia to the present day. In the second part the course discusses the Samuel Huntington theory of «The Clash of Civilization» to develop a new theoretical framework understanding the world politics after the cold war.

A. Colombo, La guerra ineguale. Pace e violenza nel tramonto della società internazionale, Il Mulino, Bologna 2006.
S.P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, New York 1996.

The program is different for students attending and non-attending classes.

The course analyzes the history of International Relations from the mid 1980s till the first year of the Obama Administration.

The main topics of the course are:
- End of the Cold War
- German reunification
- Iraq-Kuwait 1990-1991 war and the international reaction
- collapse of Jugoslavia
- the crisi in Somalia
- Rwanda genocide
-the crisis in Kosovo
- 9/11 attacks and War on Terror

The focus of the course will be on the kind of itnernational reactions in each crisis, the behavior of the main players of the international system (national states, organizations and alliances) and on the evolution of the threats to the security during the period analyzed (mid 1980s; 1990s, and the first decade of the XXI century).

Textbooks compulsory for ALL (attending and non-attending students)

1) New Book: Antonio Varsori, Le relazioni internazionali dopo la guerra fredda, 1989-2017 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2018)
2) Giuseppe Mammarella, Europa e Stati Uniti dopo la guerra fredda (Bologna: Il Mulino)

3) two short readings, available at the Cartoleria "4 Appunti", via G.Chiabrera (excerpt from the book: Ennio Di Nolfo, Storia delle relazioni internazionali // and excerpt from the book: Odd Arne Westad, La guerra fredda globale)

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ATTENDING students (Frequentanti)

In addition to these books (Varsori; Mammarella; and the two short readings), compulsory for all, students attending classes have to study readings (articles and books) assigned by the professor during the course.

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Students non-attending classes (STUDENTI NON FREQUENTANTI):
In addition to these books (Di Nolfo and Mammarella, compulsory for all), students non attending classes have to CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE OPTIONS:

1) ASIA (2 books)

- Bill Emmott, Asia contro Asia. Cina, India Giappone e la nuova geografia del potere (Milano: Rizzoli, 2008)

and one between the following two:

- Barbara Onnis, La Cina nelle relazioni internazionali. Dalle guerre dell' Oppio a oggi (Roma: Carocci, 2011)

- or: Sumit Ganguly, Storia dell'India e del Pakistan. Due paesi in conflitto (Milano: Bruno Mondadori, 2004), pp. 1-16 -and from 94 to the end

2) STATI UNITI (BOTH books)

- Pierre Hassner e Justin Vaisse, Washington e il mondo. I dilemmi di una superpotenza (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004)
- New Book: Chollet & Goldgeier, America between the wars. The misunderstood years between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Start of the War on Terror. From 11/9 to 9/11 (2008)

3) ONU

- Paul Kennedy, Il Parlamento dell'Uomo. Le Nazioni Unite e la ricerca di un governo mondiale (Milano: Garzanti, 2007)

The first part of he course focuses on the historical question of African history and the history sources for this continent. Particular reference is made to oral sources and methodology. The course will then move on to the fundamental aspects.
The course aims to provide basic background knowledge of the history of the continent and its modern day problems, this in the light of a historical understanding of different cultures.
Subjects covered:
Aspects of African culture (Clans and ancestry, totemism, theism, social structures)
The impact of colonialism
The Africanisation of the colonialistic western culture

- Bernardo Bernardi, Africa. Tradizione e Modernità, Carocci, 2001
- Joseph Ki-Zerbo, A quando l'Africa? Conversazioni con René Holenstein. EMI, 2005 (French original edition)
- Catherine Coquery Vidrovitch, Breve storia dell'Africa, Il Mulino, 2012 (French original edition)

The course is divided into two parts. The first provides a theorical framework of the transition process and analyzes the conceptual debate about democratic foundation and the challenges of democratic consolidation. The second part moves from the theory to practice and explores the specific democratization trajectories in Southern and Eastern Europe during the Second and the Third Wave emphasizing the legacies of the former non democratic regimes.

P. Grilli di Cortona, Come gli stati diventano democratici, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2009.
P. Grilli di Cortona e O. Lanza (a cura di), Tra vecchio e nuovo regime. Il peso del passato nella costruzione della democrazia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2011.

Introduction:
- Angeli A., Salvini S., “Introduzione” e “Note Tecniche” in Popolazione e sviluppo nelle regioni del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2007.

The demographic transition:
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.3, La transizione demografica, pp. 57-64.
- Nobile A., Modernizzazione e transizione demografica. Il cammino della popolazione europea nel XIX secolo, in T. Bonazzi, D. Fiorentino, A. Nobile (a cura di), Nazionalizzazione e modernità, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2014, pp. 151-167.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. IV, La demografia contemporanea verso l’ordine e l’efficienza, pp. 147-198

The second demographic transition:
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.4, La seconda transizione demografica: un’interpretazione demo-sociale dell’attuale comportamento riproduttivo dei paesi europei, pp. 67-75.
- De Santis G., Demografia ed economia, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997, cap. 3, La teoria della produzione familiare e la razionalità dei comportamenti demografici, pp. 109-156.

Population ageing:
- Reynaud C., L’invecchiamento demografico: situazione, determinanti, conseguenze e soluzioni, Dispense, 2017, 23 pp.
- Sistema sanitario e conseguenze dell’invecchiamento, Dispense, 2017, 14 pp.

Developing countries' population:
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. V, La popolazione dei paesi poveri, pp. 199-262

Population policies and migration
- Bussini O., Politiche di popolazione e migrazioni, Morlacchi Editore, Perugia, nuova edizione 2010, cap. secondo, Le politiche di popolazione, pp.15-36; capitolo terzo, L’attuazione delle politiche di popolazione, pp. 59-86.

China' s demographic policy:
- Farina P., La via cinese alla transizione demografica: dal controllo alla libera scelta, relazione presentata alle VIII Giornate di Studio sulla Popolazione, 2-4 febbraio 2009, 20 pp.
- Wang F., Baochang G., Yong C., The End of China’s One-Child Policy, Studies in Family Planning, 47, 1, 2016, pp- 83-86.

International migrations and Italy:
- Guarneri, A. Le migrazioni internazionali , Dispense, 2010, 23 pp.
- Bonifazi C., Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, in C. Bonifazi (a cura di), Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, Roma, IRPS-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ePublishing, 2017, pp. 7-41.

The future of population:
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. VI, Il futuro , pp. 263-328.

- Angeli A., Salvini S., “Introduzione” e “Note Tecniche” in Popolazione e sviluppo nelle regioni del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2007.
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.3, La transizione demografica, pp. 57-64.
- Nobile A., Modernizzazione e transizione demografica. Il cammino della popolazione europea nel XIX secolo, in T. Bonazzi, D. Fiorentino, A. Nobile (a cura di), Nazionalizzazione e modernità, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2014, pp. 151-167.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. IV, La demografia contemporanea verso l’ordine e l’efficienza, pp. 147-198.
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.4, La seconda transizione demografica: un’interpretazione demo-sociale dell’attuale comportamento riproduttivo dei paesi europei, pp. 67-75.
- De Santis G., Demografia ed economia, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997, cap. 3, La teoria della produzione familiare e la razionalità dei comportamenti demografici, pp. 109-156.
- Reynaud C., L’invecchiamento demografico: situazione, determinanti, conseguenze e soluzioni, Dispense, 2017, 23 pp.
- Sistema sanitario e conseguenze dell’invecchiamento, Dispense, 2017, 14 pp.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. V, La popolazione dei paesi poveri, pp. 199-262.
- Bussini O., Politiche di popolazione e migrazioni, Morlacchi Editore, Perugia, nuova edizione 2010, cap. secondo, Le politiche di popolazione, pp.15-36; capitolo terzo, L’attuazione delle politiche di popolazione, pp. 59-86.
- Farina P., La via cinese alla transizione demografica: dal controllo alla libera scelta, relazione presentata alle VIII Giornate di Studio sulla Popolazione, 2-4 febbraio 2009, 20 pp.
- Wang F., Baochang G., Yong C., The End of China’s One-Child Policy, Studies in Family Planning, 47, 1, 2016, pp- 83-86.
- Guarneri, A. Le migrazioni internazionali , Dispense, 2010, 23 pp.
- Bonifazi C., Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, in C. Bonifazi (a cura di), Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, Roma, IRPS-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ePublishing, 2017, pp. 7-41.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. VI, Il futuro , pp. 263-328.

Introduction:
- Angeli A., Salvini S., “Introduzione” e “Note Tecniche” in Popolazione e sviluppo nelle regioni del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2007.

The demographic transition:
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.3, La transizione demografica, pp. 57-64.
- Nobile A., Modernizzazione e transizione demografica. Il cammino della popolazione europea nel XIX secolo, in T. Bonazzi, D. Fiorentino, A. Nobile (a cura di), Nazionalizzazione e modernità, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2014, pp. 151-167.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. IV, La demografia contemporanea verso l’ordine e l’efficienza, pp. 147-198

The second demographic transition:
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.4, La seconda transizione demografica: un’interpretazione demo-sociale dell’attuale comportamento riproduttivo dei paesi europei, pp. 67-75.
- De Santis G., Demografia ed economia, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997, cap. 3, La teoria della produzione familiare e la razionalità dei comportamenti demografici, pp. 109-156.

Population ageing:
- Reynaud C., L’invecchiamento demografico: situazione, determinanti, conseguenze e soluzioni, Dispense, 2017, 23 pp.
- Sistema sanitario e conseguenze dell’invecchiamento, Dispense, 2017, 14 pp.

Developing countries' population:
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. V, La popolazione dei paesi poveri, pp. 199-262

Population policies and migration
- Bussini O., Politiche di popolazione e migrazioni, Morlacchi Editore, Perugia, nuova edizione 2010, cap. secondo, Le politiche di popolazione, pp.15-36; capitolo terzo, L’attuazione delle politiche di popolazione, pp. 59-86.

China' s demographic policy:
- Farina P., La via cinese alla transizione demografica: dal controllo alla libera scelta, relazione presentata alle VIII Giornate di Studio sulla Popolazione, 2-4 febbraio 2009, 20 pp.
- Wang F., Baochang G., Yong C., The End of China’s One-Child Policy, Studies in Family Planning, 47, 1, 2016, pp- 83-86.

International migrations and Italy:
- Guarneri, A. Le migrazioni internazionali , Dispense, 2010, 23 pp.
- Bonifazi C., Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, in C. Bonifazi (a cura di), Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, Roma, IRPS-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ePublishing, 2017, pp. 7-41.

The future of population:
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. VI, Il futuro , pp. 263-328.

The program is available, in the form of Educational Material, at Cartoleria 4 Appunti, Via Chiabrera, 174.

Students who are not attending, in addition to taking the entire examination program, must take two in-depth examinations. In particular, they must choose a theme for developed countries and a theme for developing countries, to be dealt with using at least 3 of the bibliographical references recommended below.
The in-depth examinations should be written in the form of a written essay (about ten pages in total) and should be sent by email to the teacher one week before the date of the exam appeal.

Choose one of the following topics for developed countries, using at least 3 of the articles indicated.


1. La seconda Transizione demografica

• Coleman D., “ Why we don’t have to believe without doubting in the “Second Demographic Transition”—some agnostic comments”, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 2004.
http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500d_0x00062019.pdf

• Coleman D., “Facing the 21st century: new developments continuing problems”, in Macura M., MacDonald A.L., Haug W., The new demographic regime. Population challenges and policy responses, UN, New York, Geneva, 2005.
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/pau/_docs/pau/PAU_2005_Publ_NDRCh02.pdf

• Lesthaeghe R., “The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition”, Population and Development Review, 36(2):2010
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25699059.pdf

• Lesthaeghe R. and Surkyn J., When History moves on: The Foundations and Diffusion of a Second Demographic Transition, Seminar on Ideational Perspectives on International Family Change, Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research (ISR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, June 2004.
http://sdt.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/online/WhenHistoryMovesOn_final.pdf

• Lesthaeghe R. and Neidert L., “The Second Demographic Transition in the United States: exception or textbook example?”, Population and Development Review, 32(4):2006.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20058923.pdf

• Lesthaeghe R. and Nells K., “From the First to the Second Demographic Transition: an interpretation of the spatial continuity of demographic innovation in France, Belgium and Switzerland”, European Journal of Population, 18, 2002, pp. 325-360.
https://search.proquest.com/docview/222574268?accountid=13585

• Sobotka T. , “The diverse faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe”, Demographic Research, vol. 19, article 8, pp. 171-224.
https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol19/8/19-8.pdf

• Van de Kaa D.J., The Idea of a Second Demographic Transition in Industrialized Countries, Paper presented at the Sixth Welfare Policy Seminar of the National Institute of Population and Social Security, Tokyo, Japan, 29 January 2002
http://sociales.cchs.csic.es/jperez/pags/Teorias/Textos/VanDeKaa2002.pdf

• Surkyn J. and Lesthaeghe R., Values Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) in northern, western and southern Europe: An update, Demographic Research, Special Collection 3, Article 3, 17 April 2004, pp. 45-86
https://www.demographic-research.org/special/3/3/s3-3.pdf


2. Il declino della fecondità nei paesi sviluppati

1. Kertzer D.I., White M.J., Bernardi L., Gabrielli G., “Italy’s Path to Very Low Fertility: The Adequacy of Economic and Second Demographic Transition Theories”, European Journal of Population, vol. 25, 1, 2008.
https://search.proquest.com/docview/222573797?accountid=13585

2. Livi Bacci M., Il sentiero stretto delle politiche, Relazione presentata al Convegno internazionale “La bassa fecondità tra costrizioni economiche e cambio di valori” , Roma 15-16 maggio 2003
http://local.disia.unifi.it/livi/pubblicazioni/sentiero-stretto-politiche.pdf

3. Kohler H.P., Billari F.C., Ortega J.A., Low fertility in Europe, causes, implications and policy options, in F.R. Harris (ed.), The baby bust: who will do the work? Who will pay the taxis?, Lahnam, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006, p. 48-109.
http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~hpkohler/papers/Low-fertility-in-Europe-final.pdf

4. Sacerdote B., Feyer J., Will the stork return to Europe and Japan? Understanding fertility within developed nations, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 14114, June 2008
http://www.nber.org/papers/w14114.pdf?new_window=1

5. Goldstein J.R., Sobotka T. and Jasilioniene A., The End of "Lowest-Low" Fertility?, Population and Development Review, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Dec., 2009), pp. 663-699
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25593682?origin=JSTOR-pdf

6. Lant Pritchett L., Viarengo M., Why Demographic Suicide? The Puzzles of European Fertility, Population and Development Review, vol. 38, Supplement, February 2013, pp. 55-71
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00551.x/epdf

7. Francesco C. Billari F.C. and Kohler H.P., Patterns of Low and Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe, Population Studies, Vol. 58, No. 2 (Jul., 2004), pp. 161-176
http://www.jstor.org/stable/4148227?origin=JSTOR-pdf

8. Sardon J.P., Fertility in the Developed English-Speaking Countries outside Europe: Canada, United States,Australia and New Zealand, Population (English Edition), Vol. 61, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2006), pp. 267-291
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30042123.pdf

9. Hoorens S. et al., Low fertility in Europe. Is there still reason to worry?, Santa Monica, Rand Corporation, 2011.
http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011/RAND_MG1080.pdf

10. Sobotka T., Skirbekk V. and Philipov D., “Economic recession and fertility in the developed world”, Population and Development Review, vol. 37, n.2,, June 2011, pp. 267-306.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23043283.pdf

11. Bongaarts J. and Sobotka T., “A demographic explanation for the recent rise in European fertility”, Population and Development Review, vol. 38, n.1, March 2012, pp. 83-120.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41857358.pdf

3. L’invecchiamento della popolazione

1. Commissione delle Comunità Europee, Libro verde: “Una nuova solidarietà tra le generazioni di fronte ai cambiamenti demografici”, Bruxelles, 16.3.2005, COM (2005) 94, 25 p.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2005:0094:FIN:IT:PDF

2. Commissione Europea, Libro verde: Verso sistemi pensionistici adeguati, sostenibili e sicuri in Europa, Bruxelles, 7.7.2010, COM(2010)365, 38 pp.
http://www.parlamento.it/web/docuorc2004.nsf/a4f26d6d511195f0c12576900058cac9/cb9090bf6cbd2046c125775b0053bda7/$FILE/COM2010_0365_IT.pdf

3. Bongaarts J., Population Aging and the Rising Cost of Public Pensions, Population and Development Review, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 2004), pp. 1-23
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3401496.pdf

4. Carnes B.A. and Olshansky S.J., “A Realist View of Aging, Mortality, and Future Longevity”, Population and Development Review, Vol. 33, No. 2 (Jun., 2007), pp. 367-381
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25434610.pdf

5. Sanderson W. C. and Scherbov S., “A near Electoral Majority of Pensioners: Prospects and Policies”, Population and Development Review, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Sep., 2007), pp. 543-554
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25434634

6. Aysan M.F. and Beaujot R., Welfare Regimes for Aging Populations: No Single Path for Reform, Population and Development Review, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Dec., 2009), pp. 701-720
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25593683

7. McDonald P. and Kippen R., Labor Supply Prospects in 16 Developed Countries, 2000-2050, Population and Development Review, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp. 1-32
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2695153

8. UNFPA, Ageing in the twenty-first century: a celebration and a challenge, New York, 2012 (utilizzare almeno pp. 12-33)
http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2012/Ageing-Report_full.pdf

9. United Nations, Political Declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, Second World Assembly, Madrid, Spain, 8-12 April 2002
http://social.un.org/index/Portals/0/ageing/documents/Fulltext-E.pdf

10. Bengtsson T. and Scott K., “Population aging and the future of the welfare state: the example of Sweden”, Population and Development Review, Vol. 37, Supplement, 2011, pp. 158-170.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41762403.pdf

11. Bloom D. E., Canning D. and Fink G., Implications of population aging for economic growth, Harvard University, Working Paper Series, January 2011.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16705.pdf

12. The European Commission on Pension Reform, Population and Development Review, Documents, Vol. 38, n. 3, September 2012, pp. 565-571.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/41857415

13. Walker A., Maltby T., Active ageing: A strategic policy solution to demographic ageing in the European Union, International Journal of Social Welfare, 21, 1, 2012, pp. 117-130.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2012.00871.x

14. Rechel B., Grundy E., Robine J, Cylus J., Mackenbach J.P., Knai C., McKeeM., Ageing in the European Union, The Lancet, 381, 9874, 2013, pp. 1312,1322..
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067361262087X?via%3Dihub


Scegliere uno dei seguenti temi per i paesi in via di sviluppo, utilizzando almeno 3 degli articoli indicati.

1. L’urbanizzazione nei Paesi meno sviluppati

1. Chen A.., Urbanization in China and the Case of Fujian Province, Modern China, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Jan., 2006), pp. 99-130
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0097700405283503

2. Cohen B., Urban Growth in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Trends and a Caution Regarding Existing Forecasts, World Development, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 23–51, 2004
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0305750X03001967/1-s2.0-S0305750X03001967-main.pdf?_tid=159262f6-bdb9-4149-9069-b5796b3b0cc7&acdnat=1523881699_a7cfa716cf0d39315bd21260d7e96d5e

3. Cohen B., Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability, Technology in Society 28 (2006) 63–80
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/169f/9002af6975465ca37c42849cfc1bb1f0c373.pdf

4. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. The 2014 Revision, United Nations, New York, 2014, pp. 32.
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf

5. Graeme H., Urbanization in Asia: An Overview, Paper prepared for Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4-7 June, 2003, 34 pp.
http://www.china-up.com:8080/international/case/case/1141.pdf

6. Henderson V., Urbanization in developing countries, The World Bank Research Observer, vol. 17, n. 1, 2002, pp 89-112.
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/04/17/000356161_20130417153656/Rendered/PDF/766680JRN0WBRO00Box374385B00PUBLIC0.pdf

7. Kadi, A.S., Halingali, B.I and Ravishankar, P., Problems of urbanization in developing countries. A case study in India, International Journal of Science and Nature, vol. 3(1), 2012: pp. 93-104.
http://www.scienceandnature.org/IJSN_Vol3(1)M2012/IJSN-VOL3(1)-17.pdf

8. Ravallion M., Chen S., Sangraula P., New evidence on the urbanization of global poverty, Population and Development Review, vol.33, n. 4, 2007, pp. 667-701.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25487618

9. UN Habitat, The State of African Cities 2014. Re-imagining sustainable urban trsnsition, Nairobi 2014. Cap. I, pp. 14-59.
http://unhabitat.org/books/state-of-african-cities-2014-re-imagining-sustainable-urban-transitions/

10. Voigtländer S. et al., Urbanization in developing countries, Journal of Health and Development, vol. 4, n. 1-4, 2008, pp. 135-163.
http://iph-partnership.org/images/f/fc/9_sven---135-163.pdf

11. White M.J. et al., Urbanization and environmental quality: insights from Ghana on sustainable policies, in de Scherbiniin et al. (eds.), Urban population-environment dynamics in developing world: case studies and lessons learned, CICRED, Paris, 2009, pp. 153-180.
http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/repository/pern/papers/urban_pde_white_etal.pdf

12. Fox S., Urbanization as a global historical process: theory and evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, Population and Development Review, vol.38, n. 2, 2012, pp. 285-310. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41857380.pdf?_=1460554777685

13. UN-Habitat, Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities Report 2016, Nairobi 2016.
http://wcr.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2016/05/WCR-%20Full-Report-2016.pdf


2. Il problema delle “missing women” in Asia

1. Attané I., The demographic impact of a female deficit in China, 2000-2050, Population and Development Review, 32(4), pp. 755-770, December 2006, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20058926

2. Bandyopadhyay M., Missing girls and son preference in rural India: looking beyond popular myth , Health Care for Women International, vol. 24, n. 10, 2003, pp,910 – 926
[chiedere il file alla docente]

3. Banister, J. ‘Shortage of girls in China today.’ Journal of Population Research 21(1), 2004, pp. 19-45.
[chiedere il file alla docente]
4. Coale, A.J., J. Banister, ‘Five decades of missing females.’ Demography 31(3), 1994, pp. 459-479.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2061752

5. Das Gupta M., Chung W. and SHUZHUO L., Evidence for an Incipient Decline in Numbers of Missing Girls in China and India, Population and Development Review, 35(2), Dec. 2009, pp. 410-416
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25487672

6. Ebenstein, A. (2010). ‘The ‘missing girls’ of China and the unintended consequences of the one child policy.’ Journal of Human Resources 45(1):87-115.
https://scholars.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/avrahamebenstein/files/ebenstein_onechildpolicy_2010.pdf

7. Googking D., On substituting sex preference strategies in East Asia: does prenatal selection reduce postnatal discrimination?, Population and Development Review, 22(1), March. 1996, pp. 111-125.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2137689

8. Guilmoto C.G., The sex ratio transition in Asia, Population and Development Review, Vol. 35, No. 3, (Sept., 2009), pp. 519-549.
http://www.demographie.net/guilmoto/pdf/PDR%202009%2035%203%20Guilmoto.pdf

9. Johansson S., Nygren O., The Missing Girls of China: A New Demographic Account, Population and Development Review, Vol. 17, No. 1, (Mar., 1991), pp. 35-51
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1972351.pdf

10. Li, S. (2007). ‘Imbalanced sex ratio at birth and comprehensive intervention in China.’ Paper presented at the Fourth Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights, 29–31 October, in Hyderabad, India.
http://www.unfpa.org/gender/docs/studies/china.pdf

11. Nobile A., Zannella M., Gender bias in China and India: an evaluation of “missing girls”, Paper presented at the 4th Annual International Conference of Sociology, 10-13 May 2010, Athens, Greece
[chiedere il file alla docente]

12. UNFPA, Sex imbalances at birth: current trends, consequences and policy implications, UNFPA, 2012, cap. 3, 4 e 5, pp. 33-68.
http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Sex%20Imbalances%20at%20Birth.%20PDF%20UNFPA%20APRO%20publication%202012.pdf

13. Chung W., Das Gupta M., “The declie of son preference in South Korea: the roles of development and public policy”, Population and Development Review, Vol. 33, No. 4, (Dec, 2007), pp. 757.783
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25487621

14. Bongaarts J., “The implementation of preference for male offspring”, Population and Development Review, 39(2), 2013 ,pp. 185-208
http://iussp.org/sites/default/files/event_call_for_papers/PDR392.Bongaarts-COLOR.pdf

 
3. La transizione della fecondità nei Paesi meno sviluppati

1. Agadjanian V., Prata N., War and Reproduction: Angola’s Fertility in Comparative Perspective, Journal of Southern African Studies, Volume 27, Number 2, June 2001, pp. 329-347.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/823332.pdf

2. Askew Maggwa N., Onyango F., Fertility transitions in Kenya and Ghana: trends, determinants and implications for policy and programs, National Research Council Committee on Population Workshop on Recent trends in fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington June 15-16 2015
http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2015STEPUP_FertilityTransKenyaGhana_wp.pdf

3. Bongaarts J., Fertility transition in developing countries: progress or stagnation? Population Council, Working Paper n. 7, 2008, 19 pp.
http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/wp/pgy/007.pdf

4. Bongaarts J., Completing the Fertility Transition in the Developing World: The Role of Educational Differences and Fertility Preferences, Population Studies, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Nov., 2003), pp. 321-335
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3595729.pdf?acceptTC=true

5. Bongaarts J., The Causes of Stalling Fertility Transitions, Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Mar., 2006), pp. 1-16.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20058399

6. Bongaarts J., Africa’s Unique Fertility Transistion, in Casterline J.B., Bongaarts J., Fertility Transition in sub-Saharan Africa, Population and Development Review, supplement to vol. 43, 2017.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2016.00164.x

7. Bongaarts J., Casterline J., Fertility Transition:Is sub-Saharan Africa Different?, Population and Development review, 38 (Supplement): 153–168 (2012).
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23655292.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:f1435545c43ed15fbfed9ea4da2b5967

8. Casterline J. B.. “The pace of fertility transition: National patterns in the second half of the twentieth century,” in Global Fertility Transition, (eds.) Rodolfo A. Bulatao and John B. Casterline. Population and Development Review, Supplement to Vol. 27. New York: Population Council, 2001, pp. 17-52.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3115248

9. Casterline J.B. , Prospects for Fertility Decline in Africa, in Casterline J.B., Bongaarts J., Fertility Transition in sub-Saharan Africa, Population and Development Review , supplement to vol. 43, 2017.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/padr.12055

10. Courbage Y., Following in the footsteps of southern Europe: fertility in the Maghreb, Population Bulletin of the United Nations, Completing the fertility transition,Special Issue n. 48-49, 2002, pp. 429-441
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/completingfertility/bulletin-english.pdf

11. Garenne M., Situations of fertility stall in sub-Saharan Africa, African Population Studies Vol. 23 N°2/Etude de la Population Africaine, 16 pp.
http://aps.journals.ac.za/pub/article/viewFile/319/285

12. Jordan Smith D., Contradictions in Nigeria’s Fertility Transition: the burdens and benefits of having people, Population and Development Review, vol. 30, n. 2, June 2004, pp. 221-238.
http://www.Jstor.org/stable/3401384

13. Lesthaeghe R., The Fertility Transition in sub-Saharan Africa into the 21st Century, PSC Research Report, 14-823, July 2014.
https://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr14-823.pdf

14. Ortega J.A., The fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa: Early transition rise and (slow) decline, Paper presented at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Chicago, 2009.
http://paa2009.princeton.edu/papers/90423

15. Shapiro D., Gebreselassie T., Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Falling and Stalling, African Population Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2/Vol. 23, No. 1, 2008, 30 pp.
http://paa2007.princeton.edu/papers/7122

16. Swartz L., Fertility transition in South Africa and its implications on the four major population, Population Bulletin of the United Nations, Completing the fertility transition,Special Issue n. 48-49, 2002, pp. 487-500
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/completingfertility/bulletin-english.pdf

17. Ouadah-Bedidi Z., Vallin J., Toward replacement level: unexpected recent changes in Maghrebian fertility, XXXVII Iussp International Conference, Session S410, 2013.
http://iussp.org/sites/default/files/event_call_for_papers/Recent-fecondity-changes-Maghreb-Busan-2013-long-summary-English.pdf


4. Il fenomeno dello Youth Bulge

1. Aning K,& Atta-Asamoah A., Demography, environment and conflict in West Africa, KAIPTC Occasional Paper No. 34, April 2011, 26 pp.
https://www.africaportal.org/publications/demography-environment-and-conflict-in-west-africa/

2. Assaad R. and Roudi-Fahimi F, Youth in the Middle East and North Africa: demographic opportunity or challenge?, Population Reference Bureau, 2007, 8 pp.
https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/YouthinMENA.pdf

3. Cincotta R.P., Half a Chance: Youth Bulges and Transitions to Liberal Democracy, ECSP Report , Issue 13, 2008–2009, pp. 10-17.
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ECSPReport13_Cincotta.pdf

4. Cummins, M., Ortis, I., When the Global Crisis and Youth Bulge Collide, Double the Jobs Trouble for Youth, UNICEF, Social and Economic Policy Working Paper, 2012. 47 pp.
http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Global_Crisis_and_Youth_Bulge_-_FINAL.pdf

5. Fuller G.E., The youth crisis in Middle Eastern Society, Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, 2004, 13 pp.
http://www.youthmetro.org/uploads/4/7/6/5/47654969/youth_crisis_in_middle_east.pdf

6. Fuller G.E., The youth factor. The new demographics of the Middle East and the implications for U.S. policy , The Saban Centrer for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, Analysis Paper, N. 3, June 2003, pp 1-36
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/fuller20030601.pdf

7. Moller H., Youth as a Force in the Modern World, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 10, N. 3 (Apr., 1968), pp. 237-260
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/177801.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A189cec22c0181adf0ef1e945d6aa7c4f

8. Urdal H, Demograpy and Armed Conflict: Assessing the Role of Population Growth and Youth Bulges, CRPD Working Paper No. 2, September 2011, pp. 14
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228533815_Demography_and_Armed_Conflict_Assessing_the_Role_of_Population_Growth_and_Youth_Bulges

9. Urdal H, The Demographics of Political Violence: Youth Bulges, Insecurity and Conflict, in Too Poor for Peace? Global Poverty, Conflict and Security in the 21st Cent ury, eds. L. Brainard and D. Chollet, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 2007, pp. 90-100
[chiedere il file alla docente]

10. Urdal H, A clash of generations? Youth Bulges and political violence, UN/POP/EGM-AYD/2011/10, July 2011, pp. 14
http://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/egm-adolescents/p10_urdal.pdf

11. USAID, Youth and conflict: , A Toolkit for Intervention, Usaid, Washington, 2005, 31 pp.
http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1037/Youth_and_Conflict_A_Toolkit_for_Intervention.pdf

12. Lam D., “Youth bulges and youth unemployment”, IZA World of Labor 2014:26
http://wol.iza.org/articles/youth-bulges-and-youth-unemployment.pdf

13. Hoffman M., Jamal A., The Youth and the Arab Spring: Cohort Differences and Similarities, Middle East Law and Governance 4 (2012) 168–188.
http://mthoffman.com/Hoffman_Jamal_MELG.pdf

14. Sommers M., Governance, Security and Culture: Assessing Africa’s Youth Bulge, International Journal of Conflict and Violence, n. 5, 2, 2011.
http://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/view/145/pdf_27

- Angeli A., Salvini S., “Introduzione” e “Note Tecniche” in Popolazione e sviluppo nelle regioni del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2007.
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.3, La transizione demografica, pp. 57-64.
- Nobile A., Modernizzazione e transizione demografica. Il cammino della popolazione europea nel XIX secolo, in T. Bonazzi, D. Fiorentino, A. Nobile (a cura di), Nazionalizzazione e modernità, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2014, pp. 151-167.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. IV, La demografia contemporanea verso l’ordine e l’efficienza, pp. 147-198.
- Natale M. (a cura di), Economia e popolazione, F. Angeli, Milano, 2002, cap. 2, § 2.4, La seconda transizione demografica: un’interpretazione demo-sociale dell’attuale comportamento riproduttivo dei paesi europei, pp. 67-75.
- De Santis G., Demografia ed economia, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997, cap. 3, La teoria della produzione familiare e la razionalità dei comportamenti demografici, pp. 109-156.
- Reynaud C., L’invecchiamento demografico: situazione, determinanti, conseguenze e soluzioni, Dispense, 2017, 23 pp.
- Sistema sanitario e conseguenze dell’invecchiamento, Dispense, 2017, 14 pp.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. V, La popolazione dei paesi poveri, pp. 199-262.
- Bussini O., Politiche di popolazione e migrazioni, Morlacchi Editore, Perugia, nuova edizione 2010, cap. secondo, Le politiche di popolazione, pp.15-36; capitolo terzo, L’attuazione delle politiche di popolazione, pp. 59-86.
- Farina P., La via cinese alla transizione demografica: dal controllo alla libera scelta, relazione presentata alle VIII Giornate di Studio sulla Popolazione, 2-4 febbraio 2009, 20 pp.
- Wang F., Baochang G., Yong C., The End of China’s One-Child Policy, Studies in Family Planning, 47, 1, 2016, pp- 83-86.
- Guarneri, A. Le migrazioni internazionali , Dispense, 2010, 23 pp.
- Bonifazi C., Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, in C. Bonifazi (a cura di), Migrazioni e integrazioni nell’Italia di oggi: realtà e prospettive, Roma, IRPS-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ePublishing, 2017, pp. 7-41.
- Livi Bacci M., Storia minima della popolazione del mondo, Il Mulino, Bologna, nuova edizione 2018, cap. VI, Il futuro , pp. 263-328.

The course is divided into four sections:
1. Introduction, framework on the theme of development and historical analysis of the formation of the economic gap between States (4 lessons)
2. Development economics: explanatory models and reference thinkers, traditional approaches and additional or alternative contributions (15 lessons)
3. The "Mainstream" and the main current frameworks of economics and development policy (4 lessons)
4. Development policy themes and tools (12 lessons)

1. Blanchard, "Macroeconomia", vol. 1, chapters 10 e 11 e 12 (edition 2009), or chapters 11, 12 e 13 (edition 2011)
2. A text chosen from the following (only one of the three, preferably one of the two in English):
a. S. Deneulin and Lila Shahani (editors), An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach, Earthscan, 2009 (available free on the web at https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/introduction-human-development-and-capability-approach-freedom-and-agency)
b. J. McKay, D. Kingsbury and others, International development: Issues and Challenges, Palgrave MacMillan (first edition 2008, second edition 2012, third editione 2016: all three editions can be used for the preparation of the exam)
c. N. Boccella, V. Feliziani, A. Rinaldi, Economia e sviluppo diseguale. Fatti, teorie, politiche", Pearson 2013
3. A reading chosen by the candidate among the followings authors:
a. Amartya Sen
b. Dani Rodrik
c. Joseph Stiglitz
d. Raj Patel
The candidate may propose some alternative authors or texts, provided that they pertain with the issues of the course, by agreeing it in advance with the teacher.

Strategic Studies

Instructor: Niccolò Petrelli
C.F.U. 8

Presentation and Course Aims
What is national strategy? What is the link between foreign policy objectives and defense choices? How is military power developed? What is the connection between technological innovation, industry and national defense? The course aims to introduce the topics of strategy, defense policy and development of military power focusing in particular on the Italian case. The aim of the course is therefore to lead students to familiarize with the concept of national strategy and with the actors and dynamics of defense policy, to inform them about some of the fundamental issues concerning the development of the Armed Forces, and to present a framework reference theorist for the analysis of national defense policies.
At the end of the course students will be in possession of:

1. Basic knowledge of strategic theory, Italian defense and military policies within the framework of NATO and the EU.
2. Analytical tools necessary for an informed discussion of the themes of strategy and defense in the context of the post-Cold War international political system.

The course starts with an analysis of the concept of strategy in its various forms, providing a general overview of strategic theory. Subsequently, it introduces a series of analytical tools aimed at understanding the dynamics of formation of the strategy at the national level, the problems linked to it and the actors involved. Particular attention will be devoted to the Italian case through the study of the mechanisms and methods of development of the national security strategy (SSN), of the national security architecture and of the defense policy on the basis of primary sources, first of all the White Book of Defense of 2015.
In the second part the course moves to analyze military affairs. The main theories developed in the defense field from the mid-90s and the main enabling technologies are examined in detail. This is followed by an analysis of the main challenges related to the transformation, development and modernization of the armed forces. It focuses on the Italian armed forces in the Euro-Atlantic framework, with particular reference to the potential and risks posed by the application of ideas related to the theories of the Revolution in Military Affairs, the Network-Centric Warfare. Last but not least the course tackles the topic of the industrial aspects of Italian defense policy.
The course closes with an analysis of the future trajectory of EU defense policies based on analysis of technological-industrial-military trends of the last twenty years.

Teaching Approach and Evaluation Criteria
The course is divided into lectures. Their format however, is similar to that of a seminar , ie it involves continuous interaction between teacher and students. Before each class, students are required to take the readings assigned by the teacher in order to conduct an informed discussion on the topics covered in the classroom. The course teaching material is half in Italian and half in English, whose knowledge is therefore essential.

Assessment:
25% participatione to class discussions
25% presentations
50% final exam

Week 1 – Basic Concepts

1. Introduction: the Study of Strategy

2. The Concept of Strategy

Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 17-32.*

3. Strategy: A Multifaceted and Multilevel Concept

Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 33-47.
Peter Layton, ‘The Idea of Grand Strategy’, RUSI Journal 157/4 (August 2012), 56-61.

Week 2 – From Strategy to “Grand Strategy”

4. Strategys Development

Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 58-74

5. Strategy's execution

Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice, 74-91.

6. How Strategy Works

Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

Week 3 – Strategy and National Security in Italy: Architecture, Organization and Process

7. How Strategy works: Planning

P. H. Liotta and Richmond M. Lloyd, ‘From Here to There: The Strategy and Force Planning Framework’, Naval War College Review, 58/2 (Spring 2005).

8. Strategy and National Defense: The Italian case

Federica Di Camillo e Lucia Marta, ‘Una Strategia di Sicurezza Nazionale Per l’Italia: Elementi di Analisi’ Quaderni Istituto Affari Internazionali, 34 (2009), 7-23.

9. Organization (I): The Supreme Defense Council

Riccardo Bellandi, Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa (Bologna: Dipartimento di Diritto Pubblico, 2012), 279-327.

Week 4 – Strategy and National Security in Italy: Architecture, Organization and Process (II)

10. Organization (II): Intelligence, Strategy and National Security

Alfonso Montagnese & Claudio Neri, L’evoluzione della sicurezza nazionale italiana (Roma: Sistema per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza della Repubblica, 2016), 1-9, 10, 16-17.

11. National Strategy and Defense in Italy

Federica Di Camillo e Lucia Marta, ‘Una Strategia di Sicurezza Nazionale Per l’Italia: Elementi di Analisi’ Quaderni Istituto Affari Internazionali, 34 (2009), 41-54.

12. From National Security to National Defense

Libro Bianco della Difesa 2015, capitoli 1 e 2.

Week 5 –Technology and Defense Transformation

13. National Defense: Implications for the Armed Forces

Libro Bianco della Difesa 2015, capitoli 3 e 4.

14. The Origins of the RMA-IT

Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War (Washington DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, 2004), 1-24

15. RMA's Technologies

Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War, 24-42.

Week 6 – The Next RMA? (I)

16. The Future of the It-RMA
Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War, 42-68

17. The Robotics Era

Robert O. Work and Shawn Brimley, 20YY Preparing for War in the Robotic Age (Washington DC: CNAS, 2014).

18. Artificial Intelligence

Michael C. Horowitz, Gregory C. Allen, Edoardo Saravalle, Anthony Cho, Kara Frederick, and Paul Scharre, Artificial Intelligence and International Security (Washington DC: CNAS, 2018).

Week 7 – The Nexy RMA? (II)

19. The Cyber Revolution

Joseph S. Nye, Cyber Power (Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School).

Jacquelyn Schneider, Digitally-Enabled Warfare: The Capability-Vulnerability Paradox (Washington DC: CNAS, 2016).

20. Autonomous Weapons Systems

Paul Scharre and Michael C. Horowitz, An Introduction to Autonomy in Weapons Systems (Washington DC: CNAS, 2015).

21. FORZA NEC: General Features

‘Le nuove esigenze militari e la Network Centric Warfare (NCW)’ in Michele Nones e Alessandro Marrone, La trasformazione delle Forze Armate: il programma Forza NEC (Roma: IAI, 2011), 31-42.

Tommaso de Zan, ‘L’Italia e il programma Forza NEC’, in Alessandro Marrone, Michele Nones e Alessandro R. Ungaro, Innovazione Tecnologica e Difesa: Forza NEC Nel Quadro Euro-Atlantico (Roma: IAI, 2015), 119-134.

Week 8 – The Transformation of the Italian Armed Forces: FORZA NEC

22. The Transformation of the Italian Army

‘Il Caso Italiano’, in Michele Nones e Alessandro Marrone, La trasformazione delle Forze Armate: il programma Forza NEC (Roma: IAI, 2011), 58-76.

23. The Transformation of the Italian Air Force

AAVV, Il ruolo dei velivoli da combattimento italiani nelle missioni internazionali: trend e necessità (Roma: IAI, 2014), 61-65, 83-110

24. The Transformation of the Italian Navy

AAVV, La Sicurezza nel Mediterraneo e l'Italia (Roma: IAI, 2014), 140-147.

Luca Peruzzi, “Italy seeks naval power to match strategic need”, Janes Defense International (2017).

Week 9 – Technology, Industry and Defense in Italy

25. Research, Technological Innovation and Defense in Italy

Luisa Riccardi, ‘Difesa, ricerca ed innovazione tecnologica’, Tecnica, Professione & Società (2016).

26. The Italian Defense Industry (I)

Claudio Catalano, La politica industriale nel settore della Difesa (Roma: CeMiSS, 2016), pp. 20-26

27. The Italian Defense Industry (II)

Claudio Catalano, La politica industriale nel settore della Difesa (Roma: CeMiSS, 2016), pp. 72-101.

Week 10 – The European and Transatlantic Dimension of National Defense

28. The EU Level: l’Italia e la European Defense Agency (EDA)

Antonio Calcara, ‘Italy’s defence policy in the European context: the case of the European Defence Agency’, Contemporary Italian Politics, 9/3 (2017), 277-301.

29. The NATO Dimension

Silvano Frigerio, ‘Lo Strumento Militare Nazionale nell’ottica delle Iniziative NATO Smart Defence e EU Pooling e Sharing’, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche dell’Università del Sacro Cuore vol.7 (2014).

30. Conclusions

Week 11
Students' Presentations

Week 12
Students' Presentations (II)


Students will have to submit group presentations on the topic “The US, the Third Offset Strategy e the Transtlantic Gap: Which Future for EU Defense?”.
The instructor will provide students with teaching material, the groups can autonomously draw on sources ONLY from these two internet sites:
https://eda.europa.eu/info-hub/publications
https://www.rand.org/randeurope/publications.html
Presentations will be discussed in class during the last two weeks of the course.

Students not atteding classes will have to submit 3 papers during the course. Comprised between 1000-1500 words, they will have to be submitted directly to the instructor according to this timetable:

29 October: weeks 1, 2, 3, 4.
19 November: weeks 5, 6, 7.
10 December: weeks 8, 9, 10.

By December 21, students not attending the course will have to submit a 3000/3500 words paper on the policy presentations' topic.

Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012).
Peter Layton, ‘The Idea of Grand Strategy’, RUSI Journal 157/4 (August 2012), 56-61.
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.
I. H. Liotta and Richmond M. Lloyd, ‘From Here to There: The Strategy and Force Planning Framework’, Naval War College Review, 58/2 (Spring 2005).
Federica Di Camillo e Lucia Marta, ‘Una Strategia di Sicurezza Nazionale Per l’Italia: Elementi di Analisi’ Quaderni Istituto Affari Internazionali, 34 (2009).
Riccardo Bellandi, Il Consiglio Supremo di Difesa (Bologna: Dipartimento di Diritto Pubblico, 2012).
Alfonso Montagnese & Claudio Neri, L’evoluzione della sicurezza nazionale italiana (Roma: Sistema per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza della Repubblica, 2016).
Libro Bianco della Difesa 2015 (Roma: MInistero della Difesa, 2015).
Michael G. Vickers & Robert C. Martinage, The Revolution in War (Washington DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, 2004).
Robert O. Work and Shawn Brimley, 20YY Preparing for War in the Robotic Age (Washington DC: CNAS, 2014).
Michael C. Horowitz, Gregory C. Allen, Edoardo Saravalle, Anthony Cho, Kara Frederick, and Paul Scharre, Artificial Intelligence and International Security (Washington DC: CNAS, 2018).
Joseph S. Nye, Cyber Power (Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School).
Jacquelyn Schneider, Digitally-Enabled Warfare: The Capability-Vulnerability Paradox (Washington DC: CNAS, 2016).
Paul Scharre and Michael C. Horowitz, An Introduction to Autonomy in Weapons Systems (Washington DC: CNAS, 2015).
Michele Nones e Alessandro Marrone, La trasformazione delle Forze Armate: il programma Forza NEC (Roma: IAI, 2011).
Alessandro Marrone, Michele Nones e Alessandro R. Ungaro, Innovazione Tecnologica e Difesa: Forza NEC Nel Quadro Euro-Atlantico (Roma: IAI, 2015), 119-134.
AAVV, Il ruolo dei velivoli da combattimento italiani nelle missioni internazionali: trend e necessità (Roma: IAI, 2014).
AAVV, La Sicurezza nel Mediterraneo e l'Italia (Roma: IAI, 2014).
Luca Peruzzi, “Italy seeks naval power to match strategic need”, Janes Defense International (2017).
Luisa Riccardi, ‘Difesa, ricerca ed innovazione tecnologica’, Tecnica, Professione & Società (2016).
Claudio Catalano, La politica industriale nel settore della Difesa (Roma: CeMiSS, 2016).
Antonio Calcara, ‘Italy’s defence policy in the European context: the case of the European Defence Agency’, Contemporary Italian Politics, 9/3 (2017), 277-301.
Silvano Frigerio, ‘Lo Strumento Militare Nazionale nell’ottica delle Iniziative NATO Smart Defence e EU Pooling e Sharing’, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche dell’Università del Sacro Cuore vol.7 (2014).

The course consists of a first part - almost two thirds - of class lectures and a second part dedicated to a series of seminars. The lectures are aimed to offer students the necessary tools to understand the transformations that the availability of nuclear arsenals has produced in the international system since the beginning of the atomic age. The change in the concept of power, the change in diplomatic relations and international politics and the consequences for the stability/instability of the system as a whole will be highlighted. In the seminar part, the students, divided into small groups, will instead be called upon to study in depth some topics and to present the work they have done in front of their colleagues, so that the whole class can discuss the topic presented by each group of students.

T. C. REED AND D. B. STILLMAN, THE NUCLEAR EXPRESS. A POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE BOMB AND ITS PROLIFERATION, ZENITH PRESS, 2009

L. FREEDMAN, THE EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR STRATEGY, THIRD EDITION, PALGRAVE, 2003. ONLY THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28

Students not attending classes should add to the above mentioned list also:

1) JACK CARAVELLI, "BEYOND SAND AND OIL. THE NUCLEAR MIDDLE EAST", PRAEGER, 2011

2) BOOKLET ON ARMS CONTROL AVAILABLE ON THE FACULTY WEBSITE

Texts in Italian for non-attending students - combined texts (alternative program):

– Giampaolo Valdevit, La guerra nucleare. Da Hiroshima alla difesa antimissile, Mursia, 2010

– Marilena Gala, Il paradosso nucleare. Il Limited Test Ban Treaty come primo passo verso la distensione, Polistampa, 2002 (if not available in bookshops or on the Internet, students can find this volume in the faculty library)

– Excerpts from: L’atomica. Scienza, cultura, politica, (a cura di) Emilia Fiandra e Leopoldo Nuti, Franco Angeli, 2014, the following groups of chapters as an alternative to each other (or one or the other group): Group I: p. 37 to p. 80 + pp. 95-141; Group II: p. 143 to p. 239.

– booklet available at the copyshop “Appunti” in via Chiabrera, 174, tel/fax: 0659605579

The programme is composed of 4 sections:

1. Analysis of the different characteristics of conflicts, their sources, the dynamics of escalation/descalation and the different types of actors involved. Theories and models in comparison.

2. Comparison of strategies and methods for the resolution/transformation of conflicts, between bottom-up and top-down approaches; study of mediation and negotiation techniques and non-violent approaches.

3. In-depth analysis of issues related to peace-building and peacekeeping; diversity of approach between peacebuilding and nation-building; international interventions in top/down and bottom/up perspectives; in-depth analysis of unexpected consequences and 'perverse effects' emerging in peace processes; analysis of security problems in post-conflict situations.

4. Deepening the reconstruction of the social fabric: deconstruction of the enemy, justice and reconciliation.

In addition, the course has critically analyzed the main concepts and theories on conflict, peace and security by presenting the debates currently taking place in this field of study and has socialized the students in the literature and languages on the subject.

The course has the following educational objectives

a) learning and understanding of the conflicts of the contemporary world in all their complexity and in their respective differences, of the main actors and of the internal and external dynamics;

b) learning and understanding of the institutional, political, social and cultural processes and transformations typical of the so-called war-torn societies, of the characteristics and dynamics of peacebuilding and nationbuilding, of their successes and failures, also considered in the light of the sociological theories of 'perverse effects' and 'unintentional consequences';

c) familiarisation with the main theories and methods of conflict transformation and peace promotion in both the different macro/meso/micro dimensions and in the different top-down (state and intergovernmental organisation level) and bottom-up (civil society level and transnational mobilisations) approaches;

d) identification of the main issues, such as containment/blocking of violence, human security, human rights, post-traumatic rehabilitation of communities and social systems, non-violent methods of dispute and conflict management.

EXAM PROGRAMME FOR STUDENTS ATTENDING THE COURSE:


1) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, SOCIOLOGIA E CONFLITTI. DAI CLASSICI ALLA PEACE RESEARCH, MATERA, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, 2010. (EXCEPT FOR CHAPTER I AND II)
2) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, LA PACE IN RIVOLTA, ROMA-MILANO, FRANCO ANGELI, 2008
3) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, EUROPA, NAZIONALI,GUERRA. SOCIOLOGIE A CONFRONTO TRA OTTO E NOVECENTO. ARMANDO EDITORE, 2013.
4) GROUP WORK (INFORMATION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY WILL BE GIVEN DURING THE COURSE)



EXAM PROGRAMME FOR STUDENTS NOT ATTENDING THE COURSE:

1) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, SOCIOLOGIA E CONFLITTI. DAI CLASSICI ALLA PEACE RESEARCH, MATERA, ALTRIMEDIA EDIZIONI, 2010. (EXCEPT FOR CHAPTER I AND II)
2) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, LA PACE IN RIVOLTA, ROMA-MILANO, FRANCO ANGELI, 2008
3) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO, EUROPA, NAZIONALI,GUERRA. SOCIOLOGIE A CONFRONTO TRA OTTO E NOVECENTO. ARMANDO EDITORE, 2013.
4) MARIA LUISA MANISCALCO (Ed.), SAHEL IN MOVIMENTO. NUOVE SOGGETTIVITÀ SOCIOPOLITICHE TRA GLOBALE E LOCALE. L''HARMATTAN ITALIA EDITORE, 2015.


RECOMMENDED OPTIONAL READINGS:

1) VALERIA ROSATO, CONFLITTI ‘CAMALEONTICI’. IL CONFLITTO COLOMBIANO TRA XX E XXI SECOLO, FRANCO ANGELI, MILANO, 2010 (E-BOOK AVAILABLE FROM THE PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE);
2) VALERIA ROSATO, “Hybrid orders’ between terrorism and organized crime. The case of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb”, African Security, Taylor&Francis, vol. 9. Issue 2;
3) PACELLI (Ed.), LE GUERRE E I SOCIOLOGI, FRANCO ANGELI, 2015;
4) MANISCALCO, PELLIZZARI (EDs), DELIRI CULTURALI, L'HARMATTAN, 2016;
5) ORSINI A., ISIS, RIZZOLI, 2016.

The course is divided into two parts. The first provides a theorical framework of the transition process and analyzes the conceptual debate about democratic foundation and the challenges of democratic consolidation. The second part moves from the theory to practice and explores the specific democratization trajectories in Southern and Eastern Europe during the Second and the Third Wave emphasizing the legacies of the former non democratic regimes.

P. Grilli di Cortona, Come gli stati diventano democratici, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2009.
P. Grilli di Cortona e O. Lanza (a cura di), Tra vecchio e nuovo regime. Il peso del passato nella costruzione della democrazia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2011.

The course is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the most important features of European contemporary history since 1945 up to the present. The second part is devoted to a specialized theme: history of terrorism in Europe from the Sixties to the present.

FIRST HALF OF THE COURSE (4 CFU)
History of Europe since 1945
Contents: 1. From War to Cold War 2. Democracy Embattled: France, Italy, and West Germany 3. Stalinism beyond the Iron Curtain 4. The Economic Boom and the Welfare State 5. Political Transformations in Western Europe in the Fifities and the Sixties 6. The Years of Chruščëv 7. The End of the European Empires 8. Gaullism in France and the Center-Left in Italy 9. Europe in Crisis: the Old Continent during the Seventies 10. Eastern Europe after 1968 11. The Transition to Democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece 12. The Thatcher Era 13. The Fall of the Wall and the End of the Cold War 14. The Yugoslavian crisis 15. The new Europe between integration and immigration


SECOND HALF OF THE COURSE (4 CFU)
Terrorism in Europe since the Sixties
Contents: 1. What is Terrorism? 2. The Main Waves of Modern Terrorism 3. Nationalist and Separatist Terrorism in Europe: ETA and IRA 4. Main Features of Ideological Terrorism in Europe 5. Ideological Terrorism in France, Italy, and West Germany 6. The Origins of Left-Wing Terrorism in Western Europe: 1968, Violence, and Terrorism 7. Terrorists’ Memoirs 8. Interpretations of European Ideological Terrorism 9. Religious Terrorism in Europe since the 1970s up to the Present 10. European Democracies Dealing with Terrorism


The first part of the course will consist of lectures, during which also photographs and footage will be employed.
The second part of the course will be structured as a specialized seminar. After a series of lectures during which the instructor will introduce the main topics of the seminar, attending students will be required to do one presentation in class about a book, which will be chosen from a selection provided by the instructor at the beginning of the course. Class discussion will follow each presentation. At the end of the course, attending students will be required to write a 4000 word paper, analyzing the book chosen in the light of the analyses and discussions from the seminar.

Books for students attending the course:
- William I. Hitchcock, Il continente diviso. Storia dell’Europa del 1945 a oggi, Roma, Carocci, 2003
- Readings assigned by instructor


Books for students not attending the course:
1. William I. Hitchcock, Il continente diviso. Storia dell’Europa del 1945 a oggi, Roma, Carocci, 2003
2. Isabelle Sommier, La violenza rivoluzionaria: le esperienze di lotta armata in Francia, Germania, Giappone, Italia e Stati Uniti, Roma, Deriveapprodi, 2009

3. One book chosen among the following:
• P. Acanfora, Miti e ideologia nella politica estera DC: nazione, Europa e comunità atlantica (1943-1954), Bologna, Il Mulino, 2013
• R. Brizzi e M. Marchi, Charles De Gaulle, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2008
• G.M. Ceci, Il terrorismo italiano. Storia di un dibattito, Roma, Carocci, 2013
• M. Di Donato, I comunisti italiani e la sinistra europea: il PCI e i rapporti con le socialdemocrazie (1964-1984), Roma, Carocci, 2015
• V. Lomellini, Les Relations Dangereuses: French Socialists, Communists and the Human Rights Issue in the Soviet Bloc, Bruxelles, Peter Lang, 2012