Week I - Introduction and course description. The origins of U.S. foreign policy. The American exceptionalism. Isolationism or non-isolationism?
Week II - The Civil War as an international conflict. The end of the XIX century and the early Imperial phase.
Week III - The American Century: from the Spanish-American War to the end of the Cold War. The rise of the United States to global power. Wilsonianism or anti-Wilsonianism?
Week IV - The Global Empire. The Cold War between containment, détente, and consensus.
Week V - The post-Cold War debate over the new global role of the U.S. From Bush Sr.'s new world order to Clinton's Democratic enlargment.
Week VI - American Foreign Policy after 9/11. New challenges, new approaches, and new interpretations of the U.S. role in the world.

Mario Del Pero, Libertà e impero. Gli Stati Uniti e il mondo, 1776-2016, Laterza, 2017


One additional book of your choice from the following:

Chalmers Johnson, Le lacrime dell'impero. L'apparato militare industriale, i servizi segreti e la fine del sogno americano, Garzanti, 2005

Elisabetta Vezzosi, Raffaella Baritono, Oltre il secolo americano? Gli Stati Uniti prima e dopo l'11 settembre, Carocci, 2011

Francis Fukuyama, La fine della storia e l'ultimo uomo, UTET, 2020

Joseph Nye, Fine del secolo americano? Il Mulino, 2016

Mario Del Pero, Henry Kissinger e l'ascesa dei neoconservatori alle origini della politica estera americana, Laterza, 2006

The first part of he course focuses on the historical question of African history and the history sources for this continent. Particular reference is made to oral sources and methodology. The course will then move on to the fundamental aspects.
The course aims to provide basic background knowledge of the history of the continent and its modern day problems, this in the light of a historical understanding of different cultures.
Subjects covered:
Aspects of African culture (Clans and ancestry, totemism, theism, social structures)
The impact of colonialism
The Africanisation of the colonialistic western culture

- Bernardo Bernardi, Africa. Tradizione e Modernità, Carocci, 2001

- Catherine Coquery Vidrovitch, Breve storia dell'Africa, Il Mulino, 2012 (French original edition)

CONTENT:

PART I – Introduction and description of the course

1) Introduction : East Asia as a regional entity (geopolitics and culture)
2) Historical overview : The pre-war order in East Asia (the Sino-centric order and the Japanese particularism) – Part I
3) Japan and China facing the first great challenge (Modernity)
4) Japan and China facing the second great challenge (Globalization)
5) Seminar : the construction of the Chinese political identity through the CCP rhetoric in the post-Maoist era
6) Revision
7) Mid-term.

PART II

1) Security, identity and stability in East Asia
2) China and the Japan-U.S. alliance - The security dilemma in East Asia
3) Ambiguous Japan: Japan’s national identity at century’s end
4) Power and purpose in Pacific East Asia
5) Revision
6) Final Exam

Students are expected to write a 2.500 words, theoretically informed, research paper on a topic of their choice which has been previously discussed with the instructor.

This course is taught in English.

REQUIRED READINGS:

1) John Welfield, An Empire in Eclipse. Japan in the Postwar American Alliance System, Bloomsbury.
Chi-Kwan Mark, China and the World Since 1945. An International History, Routledge.
2) Rémy Davison, “Asia’s ‘Great Game’”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
3) M.K. Connors, “Between a doctrine and a hard place. Japan’s emerging role”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
4) Rémy Davison, “The Chinese century?”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.

The acquisition of tools for understanding the women’s conditions and the gender relations will be carried out through a programme divided in two parts.
In the first one the analysis of the steps that marked the development of the European women’s identity and the struggle to achieve the objectives of freedom and democracy will be carried out. In the second part the same topics will be analysed in relation to men and to some historical junctions, like the economic and cultural crisis and the wars.

Gisela Bock, The Women in the European History. From Middle Age to the Contemporary Time, Laterza editore
Sandro Bellassai, The Invention of Virility. Politics and male imagery in Contemporary Italy, Carocci editore

The course is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the most important events and issues concerning the history of Europe since 1945 up to the present. The second part is devoted to a specialized theme: history of terrorism in Europe from the Sixties to the present.

FIRST HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
History of Europe since 1945
Contents: 1. From War to Cold War 2. Democracy Embattled: France, Italy, and West Germany 3. Stalinism beyond the Iron Curtain 4. The Economic Boom and the Welfare State 5. Political Transformations in Western Europe in the Fifities and the Sixties 6. The Years of Chruščëv 7. The End of the European Empires 8. Gaullism in France and the Center-Left in Italy 9. Europe in Crisis: the Old Continent during the Seventies 10. Eastern Europe after 1968 11. The Transition to Democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece 12. The Thatcher Era 13. The Fall of the Wall and the End of the Cold War 14. The Yugoslavian crisis 15. The new Europe between integration and immigration


SECOND HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
Terrorism in Europe since the Sixties
Contents: 1. What is Terrorism? 2. The Main Waves of Modern Terrorism 3. Nationalist and Separatist Terrorism in Europe: ETA and IRA 4. Main Features of Ideological Terrorism in Europe 5. Ideological Terrorism in France, Italy, and West Germany 6. The Origins of Left-Wing Terrorism in Western Europe: 1968, Violence, and Terrorism 7. Terrorists’ Memoirs 8. Interpretations of European Ideological Terrorism 9. Religious Terrorism in Europe since the 1970s up to the Present 10. European Democracies Dealing with Terrorism


The first part of the course will consist of lectures, during which also photographs and footage will be employed.
The second part of the course will be structured as a specialized seminar. After a series of lectures during which the instructor will introduce the main topics of the seminar, attending students will be required to do one presentation in class about a book, which will be chosen from a selection provided by the instructor at the beginning of the course. Class discussion will follow each presentation. At the end of the course, attending students will be required to write a 4000 word paper, analyzing the book chosen in the light of the analyses and discussions from the seminar.

Only for students attending the course, the assessment related to the first part of the course may take the form of a mid-term exam, to be taken during the course (esonero).
With regard to the seminar, the grade for this part of the course (which will average with the grade obtained for the first part) will be attributed on the basis of the student’s performance in the following activities: PRESENTATION: 30%; FINAL PAPER: 70%.

Books for students attending the course:
- Federico Romero, Storia della guerra fredda. L’ultimo conflitto per l’Europa, Torino, Einaudi, 2009
- Readings assigned by instructor


Books for students not attending the course:
1. William I. Hitchcock, Il continente diviso. Storia dell’Europa del 1945 a oggi, Roma, Carocci, 2003
2. Federico Romero, Storia della guerra fredda. L’ultimo conflitto per l’Europa, Torino, Einaudi, 2009

The course introduces students to the anthropological concepts and methods in understanding cultural diversity ( culture/s, fieldwork, ethnicity, gender, migrations, transnationalism and globalization) . The course examines globalisation's social and cultural dynamics in a second part, drawing on anthropological theory and ethnographic case studies.

11. Didier Fassin, Ragione umanitaria. Una storia morale del presente, Derive Approdi2018 (la sola introduzione, nei materiali Teams in Francese o in Inglese)
2. Michela Fusaschi, Quando il corpo è delle Altre. Retoriche della pietà e umanitarismo spettacolo, Bollati Boringhieri, 2011.

One or two books:

1. Giovanna Cavatorta, 2018, Tornare è tuo dovere. Etnografie, genere e capitali in Senegal, Cisu, Roma

2. Sally Engle Merry, The Seductions of Quantification, Measuring Human Rights Gender Violence and Sex Trafficking. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2016 (in PDF nei materiali Teams ).

3. Dominique Memmi, 2021, La rivincita della carne. Saggio sui nuovi supporti dell’identità, RomaTre-press, Roma (in PDF nei materiali Teams )

4. Arjun Appadurai, Alexander Neta, Fallimento, Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano, 2020.

5. Jean-Loup Amselle, 2001, Connessioni. Antropologia dell'universalità delle culture, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino.

6. Francesca Casafina, La memoria vivida. Corpi, genere e violenza in Colombia (1990-2020) , Nova Delphi Libri, Roma 2021 .

7. Michela Fusaschi, Corpo non si nasce, si diventa. Antropologiche di genere nella globalizzazione nell'edizione 2018 (NO 2013), Cisu Roma.

The evoltuion of economic theories on international economic relatuions will be followed since the 18th century until now, underlining the relationship of evolving theories with major facts and policies.

A specific programme in english will be agreed with english-speaking students.

The key concepts of programme and policy evaluation. The relationships between input, output and outcome. The indicators and statistical techniques at the various stages of evaluation: ex-ante, on-going and ex-post. Evaluation of the effects: experimental and non-experimental methods. the counterfactual approach and models used in the non-experimental methods. Case studies and examples. The ex-ante evaluation: Swot Analysis. Cost-benefit analysis. Multicriteria analysis. Example methods and cases. The evaluation of public services.

Gary Koop “Logica statistica dei dati economici”, Utet, 2001.
A. Martini, M. Sisti, "A ciascuno il suo. Cinque modi di intendere la valutazione in ambito pubblico", Informaires, n.33, Dicembre 2007, pp. 1-9.
https://dokodoc.com/queue/a-ciascuno-il-suo-cinque-modi-di-intendere-la-valutazione-in.html

European Commission (2013) EVALSED GUIDE: The resource for the evaluation of Socio-Economic Development. cap. 4 Choosing methods and techniques par. Acquiring and using data in evaluation; Creating Indicators and indicator systems pp. 81-88. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf

A. Martini, M. Sisti (2009), Valutare il successo delle politiche pubbliche, Il Mulino, capp. VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII.
Formez (2006) Valutare gli effetti delle politiche pubbliche. Metodi e applicazioni al caso italiano. Collana Materiali, Roma. Parte prima. (http://costopa.formez.it/sites/all/files/Valutare%20gli%20effetti%20dellle%20politiche%20pubbliche.pdf)
Commissione Europea (2003) Guida all’analisi costi-benefici dei progetti di investimento, Bruxelles. capp. 1, 2. (http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/cost/guide02_it.pdf).
European Commission (2013) Evalsed Sourcebook: Method and Techniques cap.11 Multi-criteria Analysis 129-136; cap. 15 Swot Analysis pp.161-164. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf
Dispense didattiche a cura del docente.

The Course aims to provide a profile of the Chinese Legal System also in a historical and comparative perspective.
The commercial and investment laws and the legal system of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan will be also part of the program.
Contents:
The Chinese imperial law system (2 h)
The process of modernization of Chinese Law (4h)
The Chinese constitutional system (2 h)
Chinese civil law (3 h)
Chinese criminal law (1 h)
Chinese Commercial and investment law (4h)
Chinese IPR (2h)
Hong Kong and Macao Legal System (2h)
Taiwan legal system (2h)
Litigation and Arbitration in China (4h)
Case study of Italian litigations in China (2h)
China and International Law (2h)
Legal implication of the Belt and Road initiative (2h)
Human Rights in China (2h)
More recent developments of Chinese legal system (2H)

Notes provided by the professor. For non-attending students, please write an email to the professor.

CONTENT:
PART I – Introduction and description of the Course; the UN framework: past vs. future international development cooperation
Topic: Preliminary basics of the International development cooperation
Conceptual framework of the International development cooperation
Operational mechanisms and procedures
The right to development and international cooperation
Topic: Key-elements of the right to development
Economic, sustainable and social factors at the core of the human development concept: theoretical and practical approach
International actors: donors and partners; IOs; the role of the United Nations within the international cooperative framework
From MDGs to SDGs (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Approaching to the 2015 time limit and beyond: the new era of the post-2015/2030 Development Agenda
PART II – The financial/trade development cooperation
Topic: The International financial and trade development cooperation
The role and action of the World Bank Group and related development cooperation mechanisms and models
The financial cooperation of the International Monetary Fund
Topic: Trade Law and development cooperation principles
The basics of WTO: principles and rules to create and perform International development cooperation practices
Comprehensive overview about international financial and trade development cooperation actors and models
PART III – The regional dimension, the non-institutional approach of the international development cooperation
Topic: The regional dimension of the development cooperation (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Historical, legal and practical features of the development partnership between EEC/EU and the African and Mediterranean Countries
The European development model cycle: analysis and implementation in a comparative perspective
Topic: The non-state actors of the international development cooperation
NGOs: private profile, global action
The business and the International development cooperation: rethinking the way for best actions
Corporate Social Responsibility and human rights protection in the view of development cooperation
The environmental/climate issues in the international negotiations and multi-level cooperation strategies; focus on the right to water
PART IV – Case studies: Italy
Topic: The Italian development cooperation framework; case studies (environment/climate; humanitarian/emergency cooperation)
Lessons from the past for a new legal and institutional framework of the Italian development cooperation

REQUIRED READINGS:
1) UNDP, Human Development Report 2010/2011/2013/2014/2015/Global Sustainable Development Report 2016/2019 (free choice of one UNDP Report: http://hdr.undp.org/en; https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport) / 2020 and following annual editions
2) Books:
2010, Rumu Sarkar, International Development Law. Rule of Law, Human Rights, and Global Finance, Oxford University Press, chapters 2 and 4, http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398281.001.0001/acprof-9780195398281
3) Articles listed by Journal/Review (one choice) free access to Journals/Reviews on www. sba.uniroma3.it, please refer to the Syllabus: as per the academic path, the choice should be focus on environmental/humanitarian proposals in the list.

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMME -

PART I – Historical background, methodological approaches, perspectives and major issues

- Introduction and course description; theory of human rights and its historical background; ontology and epistemology in the theory of human rights
- Freedom, justice as fairness and the ethics of discourse. Rawls, Habermas and the challenges of the anti-foundational critique
- Identity, authenticity, recognition and otherness

PART II – The theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth

- Situating Honneth; Hegelian roots; the fabric of justice
- The struggle for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflicts
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathologies respectively
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice and the market: the sphere of consumption, the labour market and environmental sustainability
- The ‘We’ of democratic will-formation; Organized self-realization: paradoxes of individualization
- The work of negativity; the ‘I’ in ‘We’: recognition as driving force of group formation; recognition and ideology

This course is taught in Italian.

• Honneth, A., Freedom’s Right. The Social Foundations of Democratic Life (2011), trans. J. Ganahl, Polity Press, Cambridge 2014 (ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-6943-4). In addition one article made available during the course.

N.B. with a view to the final exam students may skip the section (in the Italian edition ONLY) from page 358 to page 481.

Strategic Studies

Instructor: Niccolò Petrelli
A.A. 2021/22
C.F.U. 9

What is Strategy? What are its constituent elements? How does it work in practice? How do international actors coordinate national interests and available resources? How is power developed in the international system? The course aims at introducing students to the topics of strategy, power in its various forms, and competiton and conflict in the international system. By familiarizing students with the theory of strategy, the course provides them theoretical tools appropriate for analyzing international relations in a competitive perspective.
AT the end of the course the students will be in possess of:

1. Analytical instruments appropriate for analyzing and assessing the dynamics of conflict and competition in international relations.
2. Knowledge of a certain number of empirical cases of national strategy in various areas of the world in the last 30 years.

Program

Week 1 – The Theory of Stratey: Fundamental Concepts
1. Introduction: The academic discipline of Strategic Studies, Objectives and structure of the course, assessment, teaching approach, materials.

2. The Strategic Approach to international Relations: Strategy as a Science and its fundamental assumptions.
Bernard Brodie, ‘Strategy as a Science’ World Politics, Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 1949), pp. 467-488.
Michael Howard, ‘The Strategic Approach to International Relations’, British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 67-75.
MLR Smith – Strategic Theory Assumptions.

3. The concept of Strategy: General overview and analytical framework
Bob De Wit, Strategy: An International Perspective, 6th Edition (Andover: Cengage, 2017).
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina (Lugano: StartInsight/Europa Atlantica, 2021), 27-29.
Edward Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), levels
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 53-55.

Week 2 – The "environment" and content of Grand Strategy

4. Grand Strategy and the “environment”
Edward Luttwak, Strategy, scope.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 30.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Anarchy in International Relations.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance.

5. The elements of Grand Strategy: Diagnosis, Objectives.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 31-40.

6. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Means
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 40-47.

Week 3 – The Content of Grand Strategy (II)

7. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Time
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Andrew Carr, ‘It’s about time: Strategy and temporal phenomena’, Journal of Strategic Studies (2018).

8. The Elements of Grand Strategy: The competitive logic
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Michael Porter, ‘What is Strategy?’, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996).

9. The Execution of Grand Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 59-74.*
Lawrence Freedman, Strategy, A History (Oxford: Oxford UP: 2013).
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

Week 4 – The Process of Grand Strategy

10. Strategy and Contingency
Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy and contingency’, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 1281-1296.

11. Change in Grand Strategy
Rebecca Lissner, ‘Rethinking Grand-Strategic Change: Overhauls Versus Adjustments in Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

12. Analys and Evaluation of Grand Strategy
William C. Wohlforth, ‘The Challenge of Evaluating Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).
John Lewis Gaddis, ‘Containment and the Logic of Strategy’, The National Interest, No. 10 (WINTER 1987/8), pp. 27-38.

Week 5 – Analysis and Evaluation of Grand Strategy

13. Success in Grand Strategy

Hal Brands and Peter Feaver, ‘Getting Grand Strategy Right’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

14. Grand Strategy in Small States

Anders Wivel, ‘The Grand Strategies of Small States’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

Week 6 – Grand Strategy in Practice: Case Studies

15. the Grand Strategy of Brazil
Carlos R. S. Milani and Tiago Nery, ‘Brazil’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Matias Spektor, ‘Brazil: Shadows of the Past and Contested Ambitions’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

16. the Grand Strategy of the EU
Daniel Fiott and Luis Simón, ‘The European Union’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Sven Biscop, ‘No peace from corona: defining EU strategy for the 2020s’, Journal of European Integration, 42/8 (2020), 1009-1023.

17. Russia's Grand Strategy
Celine Marangé, ‘Russia’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Fyodor Lukyanov, ‘Russia: Geopolitics and Identity’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016),

Week 7 Grand Straegy in Practice: Case Studies (II)

18. Israel's Grand Strategy
Eitan Shamir, ‘Israel’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Ariel Levite, ‘Israel: Strategic Vision Adrift’ in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

19. Iran's Grand Strategy
Thierry Balzacq and Wendy Ramadan-Alban, ‘Iran’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Kevjn Lim, ‘Iran’s Grand Strategic Logic’, Survival, 62/5 (2020), 157-172

20. China's Grand Strategy
Andrew S. Erickson, ‘China’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Oriana Skylar Mastro, ‘Chinese Grand Strategy’, In John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, Jeannie L. Johnson (eds), Strategy in the Contemporary World, 7th edition, (Oxford UP, forthcoming Dec 2021).

Week 8 – Presentations
21. US Grand Strategy
Hal Brands, Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump (Washington DC: Brookings, 2018), cap. 3.
22. Students' Presentations
23. Students' Presentations

Week 9 – Presentations

24. Students' Presentations
25. Students' Presentations
26. Students' Presentations

Week 10 – Conclusions

27. Conclusions and Exam Review

In addition to the readings listed above students that attend the course (at least 2/3 of classe) will have to submit a paper (maximum 5000 words) before December 12 and present on two of the following:

Richard Rumelt, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters (New York: Crown, 2011).
Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Bites Back (London: Prentice Hall, 2008).
Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (New York: The Free Press, 1990), 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11.

Email the instructor for teaching materials.

The course is offered to all students.

It will focus on: “The absurd and history”.

The course will tackle these topics through the analysis of two novels: Albert Camus, “L’Étranger” (1942) and Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête” (2013).

1) Albert Camus, “L’Étranger”, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1942 (or any other paperback French edition)

2) Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête”, Arles, Actes Sud, 2014 (paperback edition)

3) “Les Constitutions de la France depuis 1789”, présentation par Jacques Godechot, édition corrigée et mise à jour par Hervé Faupin, Paris, Flammarion, coll. GF, 2006, chapters XIII, XIV, XV (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

4) Maurice Blanchot, "Le mythe de Sisyphe", "Le roman de l'étranger", in "Faux pas", Paris, Gallimard, 1943 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

5) Jean-Paul Sartre, "Explication de 'L'Étranger'", in "Situations I", Paris, Gallimard, 1947 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

6) Edward W. Said, “Camus et l’expérience impériale française”, in Culture et impérialisme, Paris, Fayard, 2000, pp. 248-268 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

7) Frantz Fanon, "Les damnés de la terre", Paris, La Découverte, 2002 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

Course contents
Module I: Specialty Languages
1. Las lenguas de especialidad
Denominaciones, definiciones y características generales
The horizontal dimension: el léxico y la terminología
The vertical dimension: textos, functions and niveles de especialización

2.El lenguaje jurídico-administrativo:
Origen y características generales
El léxico jurídico
Rasgos morfosintácticos
El estilo formulario
Nivel textual
Géneros textuales

4.El lenguaje de los medios de comunicación
Definición, características, funciones tendencias, géneros

5.El leguaje deportivo
Definición, características, tendencias, géneros

6.El leguaje turístico
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

7.El leguaje advertising
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

Reference text (Required):
Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

Module II: The political language.
1.El Lenguaje político
1.1. Origen y características
1.2. El léxico político
1.3. The political phraseology
1.4. Emisor y recipient
1.5. El contexto histórico
1.6. The retórica
1.7. Estrategias discursivas
1.8. Political persuasion
1.9. La descalificación y el insult
1.10 Tipologías de discursos: totalitarios, de crisis, de investidura

Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

MESSINA FAJARDO L. A. (2020). El discurso político as art of persuasion and social acción. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Note *: For the 2020-2021 academic year, the topics of the political speeches to be analyzed in the term papers must be agreed with the teacher.

The course, divided in two modules (Module 1: Multicultural American Literature; Module 2: Asian American Writers) focuses on the discussion, from a multiethnic and multicultural perspective, of historical, social, political, and economic issues that arise from the reading of the literary selection. Special attention will be given to the analysis of literary texts in order to understand the relationship between American literature and the national identity of the United States of America.

Alvarez, Julia. “Snow”, in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. New York: Bloomsbury, 2004 (1991), 86-87.
Bui, Thi. The Best We Could Do. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2017 (excerpts).
Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street, London: Vintage, 1991 (1984) (excerpts).
Danticat, Edwidge. “Children of the Sea” and “Caroline’s Wedding,” in Krik? Krak! New York: Soho Press, 1995, 3-25, 135-188.
Gillan, Maria Mazziotti. “Shame and Silence in My Work,” in Mary Ann Vigilante Mannino and Justin Vitiello (eds.) Breaking Open: Reflections on Italian American Women’s Writing. West Lafayette (IN): Purdue University Press, 2003, 153-175.
Lahiri, Jhumpa. “Interpreter of Maladies,” in Interpreter of Maladies. London: Harper UK, 2000, 43-69.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif”, in Martin, Wendy (Ed.) The Art of the Short Story. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006, 1167-1181.
Santos, Bienvenido. “Quicker with Arrows”, in Wong, Shawn (ed.) Asian American Literature. A Brief Introduction and Anthology. New York: HarperCollins, 1996, 80-102.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “Yellow Woman”, in Charters, Ann (Ed.) The Story and Its Writer (9th Ed.) Boston and New York: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2015, 1208-15.
Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. Harmondsworth (UK): Penguin, 2003 (1996) (excerpts).
Tusiani, Joseph. Gente Mia (excerpts), in Ethnicity. Selected Poems, New York: Bordighera Press, 2000, 1-6, 8-9.
Yamamoto, Hisaye. “Yoneko’s Earthquake,” in Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 2001, 46-56.

German political Theatre against nuclear war.
The course aims to deepen, through reading and discussion of famous texts of political theatre and documents on the German nuclear debate, the topic of the atomic bomb, the nuclear war and the relationship between science, ethics and politics in cultural political world in Germany of the sixties.

DEUTSCH:
Deutschsprachiges Theater gegen den Nuklearkrieg
Die Vorlesung führt die Studierenden in wichtige Themenbereiche der deutschen Kultur und Geschichte ein. Sie vermittelt einen Einblick in das Atomdrama der sechziger Jahre und in den Motivkomplex Wissenschaft, Ethik und Politik in der deutschen Debatte um die Kernenergie.

F. Dürrenmatt, Die Physiker, Dyogenes Verlag
H. Kipphardt, In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer, Rororo (Rowohlt Verlag)

Il corso ha l’obiettivo di fornire agli studenti e alle studentesse gli strumenti per la comprensione della storia contemporanea dell’America Latina e delle dinamiche attualmente in atto.
Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata ai seguenti temi:

Processi di State-Building e Nation Building
Relazioni internazionali dell’America Latina
Nazionalismi
Populismi e neopopulismi
Guerra fredda latinoamericana
Rivoluzione cubana e ciclo rivoluzionario
Teologia della liberazione
Controrivoluzione, Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional, Plan Condor
Stato Neoliberista
Dittature militari e conflitti armati interni
Processi di costruzione del “nemico” interno
Desaparición forzada
Movimenti per i diritti umani e resistenza culturale negli anni Settanta/Ottanta
Migrazioni ed esilio
Transizioni democratiche e processi di pace
Justicia transicional e politiche della memoria
Questione femminile
Violenza, criminalità, narcotraffico
Questione indigena e questione ambientale
Processi di integrazione regionale
L’America Latina nello scenario globale

Gli studenti frequentanti prepareranno l'esame sui testi concordati con la docente durante il corso.


Gli studenti non frequentanti dovranno studiare i seguenti testi:


1) Loris Zanatta, Storia dell’America Latina Contemporanea, Laterza, 2017

2) Massimo De Giuseppe, Gianni La Bella, Storia dell'America Latina Contemporanea, il Mulino, 2019

4) Raffale Nocera, Paolo Wulzer, L' America Latina nella politica internazionale. Dalla fine del sistema bipolare alla crisi dell'ordine liberale, Carocci, Roma 2020

The course examines the historical and political trajectory of the Middle East and North Africa from the Colonial Era until today. The students will be introduced to the debate on Orientalism, its role in the colonial era, and its relevance until today. A particular focus will be on the post-colonial era. Among the topics covered there will be: State formation, the role of ideologies (both secular and religious) in the shaping of the region, the intra-regional and international relations of the Region and the so-called ‘Arab Spring’. Students are expected to actively participate to the course.
All the available teaching materials, the announcements and all that is related to this course will be posted on the lecturer’s departmental teaching webpage (bit.ly/dsu-gervasio).

REQUIRED READINGS:


R. Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, Routledge: London & New York: 2004.
J. Chalcraft, “The Arab Uprisings of 2011 in Historical Perspective” in The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History, 2016 (available as a pdf file on the course website).
G. Achcar, “The Seasons after the Arab Spring”, Le Monde Diplomatique, June 2019 (available as a pdf file on the course website).

One of the following:


G. Achcar, The People Want. A Radical Exploration of the Arab Uprising, London: Saqi, 2013.
G. Achcar, Morbid Symptoms. Relapse in the Arab Uprisings, London: Saqi, 2016.
L. Anceschi, G. Gervasio & A. Teti (eds), Informal Power in the Greater Middle East. Hidden Geographies, London: Routledge, 2014 & 2016.
M. Aouragh & H. Hamouchene (eds), The Arab Uprisings. A Decade of Struggles, TNI & RLS, 2021, available online at: https://longreads.tni.org/arab-uprisings
A. Bayat, Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring, Stanford: Stanford UP, 2017.
A. Bayat, Revolutionary Life. The Everyday of the Arab Spring, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2021
F. Cavatorta & L. Storm (eds), Political Parties in the Arab World: Continuity and Change, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2018.
S. Cook, False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the New Middle East, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017.
F. A. Gerges, ISIS: A History, Princeton: Princeton UP, 2017.
A. Khalil (ed), Gender, Women and the Arab Spring, London & NY: Routledge, 2015.
H. Kraetzschmar & P. Rivetti (eds), Islamists and the Politics of the Arab Uprisings: Governance, Pluralisation and Contention, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2018.
R. Owen, The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2014.
J. Saab (ed.), A region in revolt: Mapping the recent uprisings in North Africa and West Asia, Ottawa: Daraja Press, 2020.
R. Stephan and Mounira M. Charrad (eds), Women Rising: In and Beyond the Arab Spring: New York, New York University Press, 2020.
I. Szmolka (ed.), Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa: After the Arab Spring, Edinburgh, Edinburgh UP, 2017.
Ch. Tripp, The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2013.


IMPORTANT! Students without any prior knowledge of the History of the MENA, must read one of the following textbooks:

W. Cleveland & M. Bunton, A History of the Modern Middle East, Boulder: Westview Press, 2016,
Betty Anderson, A History of the Modern Middle East, Stanford: Stanford UP, 2016.

The course is divided into an introductory part, aimed at facilitating understanding of the basics of the functioning of the essential processes in this technological field, to which is added a much more detailed historical reconstruction. It ranges from the discovery of the knowledge necessary for the exploitation of atomic energy for military purposes to the political and politico-military aspects that even today make the aspiration to develop a nuclear arsenal one of the most important issues and debates in the international arena.
Class attendance is strongly recommended, since part of the students' evaluation will depend on the in-person activities that will be carried out during class hours.

Please, see the list in the box in Italian

The course aims to analyze the modalities of formation of the European States pluralistic system born in the Modern Age from the disintegration of the imperial and pontifical universalisms of the Middle Ages, following the metamorphoses of three key concepts (universal monarchy, balance of power, supranational bodies) in the context of the political-diplomatic and war events of the Four-Eighteenth Century. Particular attention will be devoted to the transformations of the concept of monarchia universalis in the context of territorial and imperial States between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Spain, Holland and England), to the international practice of balance of power before and after the Thirty Years War, to development of the idea of peace and to the first proposals of supranational organizations for the resolution of conflicts between States.

A. Aubert, L’Europa degli imperi e degli stati. Monarchie universali, equilibrio di potenza e pacifismi dal XV al XVII secolo, Bari, Cacucci, 2008.

A second text on a specific topic, to be chosen with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Introduction: from Kievan Rus' to Ivan IV the Terrible; The First Modernization of Russia: Peter the Great and the Birth of a Great Power; The Long Russian Nineteenth Century from the Napoleonic Wars to the Reforms of Alexander II; The Russia of Nicholas II: The contradictions of an impetuous and haphazard development; World War I and the end of a world; The Bolshevik Revolution, its origins and affirmation; Russian civil wars and the origins of the Soviet state; The NEP, the rise of Stalin, Collectivization, industrialization and the birth of Stalin's USSR; The Great Terror; Comintern, Communist parties and traditional foreign policy; World War II; Victory and the birth of a superpower; The Cold War: The USSR and the West; Khrushchev and the 20th Congress of the PCUS; The Brezhnev years: consolidation and stagnation; The impossible reform of the system: Gorbachev between perestroika and glasnost'; The end of the USSR and the birth of the Russian Federation; Yeltsin and the age of turbidity; A new strong man? Putin and the new Russia: ambitions and contradictions of a regime.

1) A. Graziosi, L'Unione Sovietica 1914-1991, Bologna, Il Mulino

2) M. Morini, La Russia di Putin, Bologna, Il Mulino;

3) F. Benvenuti, Russia oggi, dalla caduta dell'Unione sovietica ai nostri giorni, Roma, Carocci.

for non-attending students P. Paul Bushkovitch, Breve storia della Russia. dalle origini a Putin, Torino, Einaudi.

The acquisition of the tools necessary to understand the development and weight of the mass media of the contemporary age will be carried out on the basis of a programme divided into two parts. In the first one we will analyze the stages that have characterized the development of the press, cinema, radio, television and Internet, these media changed the face of the twentieth century, the forms of political communication and, in the end, the daily life of individuals. In the second part the focus will be on the analysis of the history of advertising, its economic and social role aimed at promoting consumption.

Lyn Gorman, David McLean, Media and Society into the 21st Century. A Historical Introduction, Oxford Wiley Blackwell, 2009

Introduction to International Monetary System
Interest Rates, Financial Instruments and the Role of Risk
The market for Foreign Exchange
International Banking System and Financial Markets
International Finance and Monetary Policy

This course is taught in English.

McGraw Hill Custom Book ISBN 9781308923505 based on
International Finance, 7th Global Edition by Eun, Resnick, 2014
Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, Fourth Edition by Cecchetti, Schoenholtz, 2015

PART 1: ECONOMY OF THE MONETARY UNION

Costs of a common currency
The theory of Optimal Currency Areas (AVO) and its criticisms
Benefits of a common currency
Costs and benefits compared
The fragility of incomplete monetary unions
How to complete a monetary union
The transition to a monetary union
The European Central Bank (ECB)
Monetary policy in the Eurozone
Budgetary policies in monetary unions
The euro and the financial markets

PART 2: INSIGHTS

De Grauwe P., Economia dell’unione monetaria, il Mulino, 2019

A book chosen from the following list:
• Alesina A., Favero C., Giavazzi F., Austerità, Rizzoli, 2019
• Acocella N., L’unione economica e monetaria europea, Carocci, 2019
• Bini Smaghi L., Morire di austerità, il Mulino, 2013
• Bini Smaghi L., 33 false verità sull’Europa, il Mulino, 2014
• Cesaratto S., Chi non rispetta le regole?, Imprimatur, 2018
• De Romanis V., L’austerità fa crescere, Marsilio, 2017
• Piga G., L’interregno, Hoepli, 2020
• Pittaluga G.B., Cama G., Banche centrali e democrazia, Hoepli, 2004
• Stagnaro C. (a cura di), Cosa succede se usciamo dall’euro?, IBL Libri, 2018

The following topics will be covered during the course

1 - Legal comparison in administrative law
2 - Common features and differences between the main administrative systems
3 - Common law systems and administrative law systems
4 - The influence of European law on national systems
5 - Convergence and integration of national administrative systems
6 - Comparative administrative law and global law
7 - Transnational administrative law
8 - Legal models and administrative organisation
9 - Forms of administrative action
10 - Administrative procedures, transparency and participation
11 - Protection of rights

Recommended text: G. Napolitano, Introduzione al diritto amministrativo comparato, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2020.

During the course of the lectures, further supplementary materials will be indicated.

The supplementary readings will be available on the Moodle page of the course or through the University Library System (SBA).

The course is divided into two parts. The first provides a theorical framework of the transition process and analyzes the conceptual debate about democratic foundation and the challenges of democratic consolidation. The second part moves from the theory to practice and explores the specific democratization trajectories in Southern and Eastern Europe during the Second and the Third Wave emphasizing the legacies of the former non democratic regimes.

P. Grilli di Cortona, Come gli stati diventano democratici, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2009.
P. Grilli di Cortona e O. Lanza (a cura di), Tra vecchio e nuovo regime. Il peso del passato nella costruzione della democrazia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2011.

The 6 credits program for non-attending students excludes chapters VII, VIII, IX and X of the book P. Grilli di Cortona e O. Lanza (a cura di), Tra vecchio e nuovo regime. Il peso del passato nella costruzione della democrazia, Il Mulino, Bologna 2011.
Attending students who discuss a paper in the classroom will agree the 6 credits program with the teacher.

Violence and political violence: movements, socialisation and individualisation - Defining terrorism, defining radicalisation - Factors of radicalisation - Communication and radicalisation - Theory and models on terrorism and radicalisation - Gender and radicalisation - De-radicalisation and counter-radicalisation: introductory notes - Sources, methodologies and tools in terrorism and radicalisation studies: a case-study about young people facing to radicalisation.

Attending students:
- Antonelli F., Radicalizzazione, Milano, Mondadori 2021.
- Papers selected by the professor.

---

Non-attending students:
- Antonelli F., Radicalizzazione, Milano, Mondadori 2021.
- Marinone L. et al., Far-right, far-left, separatism and religious extremism. A comparative desk research on drivers (Report of the Horizon2020 Project "PARTICIPATION" available on the Moodle platform).

The course focuses on the history of relations between Europe and East Asia in the contemporary period. Particular attention will be paid to the historico-political interactions between China and Japan with Europe from the second half of the twentieth century to current times. The analysis of the factors and of the distinctive elements that were generated during the years of the Cold War between the three actors will facilitate the identification of lines of continuity and discontinuity in the current and broader context of globalization. The main objective of the course will be to suggest the appropriate interpretative categories for understanding the dynamics that characterize the evolution of the interactions between the European space and the new geo-political and geo-economic pivot of the global order.

Hong Zhou, "China-EU Relations. Reassessing the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership", Springer 2017;
Oliviero Frattolillo, "Japan-EU Relations. From the Cold War to the Post-bipolar Years", Routledge 2013.

The course introduces students to the anthropological concepts and methods in understanding cultural diversity ( culture/s, fieldwork, ethnicity, gender, migrations, transnationalism and globalization) . The course examines globalisation's social and cultural dynamics in a second part, drawing on anthropological theory and ethnographic case studies.

11. Didier Fassin, Ragione umanitaria. Una storia morale del presente, Derive Approdi2018 (la sola introduzione, nei materiali Teams in Francese o in Inglese)
2. Michela Fusaschi, Quando il corpo è delle Altre. Retoriche della pietà e umanitarismo spettacolo, Bollati Boringhieri, 2011.

One or two books:

1. Giovanna Cavatorta, 2018, Tornare è tuo dovere. Etnografie, genere e capitali in Senegal, Cisu, Roma

2. Sally Engle Merry, The Seductions of Quantification, Measuring Human Rights Gender Violence and Sex Trafficking. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2016 (in PDF nei materiali Teams ).

3. Dominique Memmi, 2021, La rivincita della carne. Saggio sui nuovi supporti dell’identità, RomaTre-press, Roma (in PDF nei materiali Teams )

4. Arjun Appadurai, Alexander Neta, Fallimento, Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano, 2020.

5. Jean-Loup Amselle, 2001, Connessioni. Antropologia dell'universalità delle culture, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino.

6. Francesca Casafina, La memoria vivida. Corpi, genere e violenza in Colombia (1990-2020) , Nova Delphi Libri, Roma 2021 .

7. Michela Fusaschi, Corpo non si nasce, si diventa. Antropologiche di genere nella globalizzazione nell'edizione 2018 (NO 2013), Cisu Roma.

PART 1: ECONOMY OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The extended economy
Environment and ethics
Economic growth, population growth and the environment
Sustainable development
The functioning of the markets and the causes of their failure
The failure of public intervention
Cost-benefit analysis
The evaluation of the interest for nature
Addressing uncertainty
Recourse to the market to protect the environment
The establishment of taxes for the use of the environment
Ecological taxes
Trade in environmental permits
Setting environmental standards
Renewable resources
Non-renewable resources

PART 2: INSIGHTS

Textbooks (not mandatory):
Turner R.K., Pearce D.W., Bateman I., Economia ambientale, il Mulino, 2003
Aprile M.C, Chiarini B., Economia dell’ambiente, Mondadori, 2019
Franzini M., Mercato e politiche per l’ambiente, Carocci, 2007
Panella G., Economia e politiche dell’ambiente, Carocci, 2010

Further texts (one book of your choice):
Beverina L., Futuro materiale, il Mulino, 2020
Bompan E., Brambilla I.N., Che cosa è l’economia circolare, Edizioni Ambiente, 2021
Butera F.M., Affrontare la complessità, Edizioni Ambiente, 2021
Carli B., L’uomo e il clima, il Mulino, 2017
Carraro C., Mazzai A., Il clima che cambia, il Mulino, 2015
Clô A., Energia e clima, il Mulino, 2017
Clô A., Il rebus energetico, il Mulino, 2008
De Paoli L., L’energia nucleare, il Mulino, 2011
Fazioli R., Lenza D., Appunti di Economia dell’Energia, Volta la carta, 2021
Lorenzoni A., Il risparmio energetico, il Mulino, 2012
Massarutto A., Un mondo senza rifiuti?, il Mulino, 2019
Menna P., Pauli F., L’energia solare, il Mulino, 2010
Ranci P. (a cura di), Economia dell’energia, il Mulino, 2011
Ranci P., Leonardi M., Susani L., Poveri d’energia, il Mulino, 2016
Raworth K., L’economia della ciambella, Edizioni Ambiente, 2017
Stahel W.R., Economia circolare per tutti, Edizioni Ambiente, 2019
Tagliapietra S., L’energia del mondo, il Mulino, 2020
Testa C., Elogio della crescita felice, Marsilio, 2020
Tinacci Mossello M., Politica dell’ambiente, il Mulino, 2008

The stages and the intellectual debates/influences on European economic governance will be reconstructed in sequential terms, with particular emphasis on the documents that emerged in the most recent debate and future evolution

For English-speaking students, didactic materials will be distributed in class.

The key concepts of programme and policy evaluation. The relationships between input, output and outcome. The indicators and statistical techniques at the various stages of evaluation: ex-ante, on-going and ex-post. Evaluation of the effects: experimental and non-experimental methods. the counterfactual approach and models used in the non-experimental methods. Case studies and examples. The ex-ante evaluation: Swot Analysis. Cost-benefit analysis. Multicriteria analysis. Example methods and cases. The evaluation of public services.

Gary Koop “Logica statistica dei dati economici”, Utet, 2001.
A. Martini, M. Sisti, "A ciascuno il suo. Cinque modi di intendere la valutazione in ambito pubblico", Informaires, n.33, Dicembre 2007, pp. 1-9.
https://dokodoc.com/queue/a-ciascuno-il-suo-cinque-modi-di-intendere-la-valutazione-in.html

European Commission (2013) EVALSED GUIDE: The resource for the evaluation of Socio-Economic Development. cap. 4 Choosing methods and techniques par. Acquiring and using data in evaluation; Creating Indicators and indicator systems pp. 81-88. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf

A. Martini, M. Sisti (2009), Valutare il successo delle politiche pubbliche, Il Mulino, capp. VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII.
Formez (2006) Valutare gli effetti delle politiche pubbliche. Metodi e applicazioni al caso italiano. Collana Materiali, Roma. Parte prima. (http://costopa.formez.it/sites/all/files/Valutare%20gli%20effetti%20dellle%20politiche%20pubbliche.pdf)
Commissione Europea (2003) Guida all’analisi costi-benefici dei progetti di investimento, Bruxelles. capp. 1, 2. (http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/cost/guide02_it.pdf).
European Commission (2013) Evalsed Sourcebook: Method and Techniques cap.11 Multi-criteria Analysis 129-136; cap. 15 Swot Analysis pp.161-164. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf
Dispense didattiche a cura del docente.

Part I. Introduction to European environmental law
- The legal concept of “environment”
- Environment and plurality of legal systems
- Environmental law and European constitutional law
- The institutional framework of the European Union (brief outline)
- The sources of European environmental law

Part II. The fundamental principles of European environmental law
- Environmental law and European integration
- Environmental protection in the European Treaties in force. The Treaty of Lisbon
- The principle of sustainable development
- Environmental protection in the light of subsidiarity and solidarity
- Principle of integration, fundamental principles and criteria of the Union's environmental policies
- European decision-making processes concerning environmental law

Part III. The relationship between European environmental law and national law
- Environmental protection and division of powers between the European Union and the Member States
- Environmental protection under the Italian Constitutional System
- The transposition of EU environmental legislation into domestic law

In addition to the materials provided by the lecturer, students are required to attend to the relevant parts of the recommended textbooks.
Students should also be in full possession of the fundamental texts of European law, such as, for example, P. Scarlatti (ed.), Codice essenziale di diritto costituzionale dell'Unione europea, Roma, Aracne, 2011

CONTENT:
PART I – Introduction and description of the Course; the UN framework: past vs. future international development cooperation
Topic: Preliminary basics of the International development cooperation
Conceptual framework of the International development cooperation
Operational mechanisms and procedures
The right to development and international cooperation
Topic: Key-elements of the right to development
Economic, sustainable and social factors at the core of the human development concept: theoretical and practical approach
International actors: donors and partners; IOs; the role of the United Nations within the international cooperative framework
From MDGs to SDGs (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Approaching to the 2015 time limit and beyond: the new era of the post-2015/2030 Development Agenda
PART II – The financial/trade development cooperation
Topic: The International financial and trade development cooperation
The role and action of the World Bank Group and related development cooperation mechanisms and models
The financial cooperation of the International Monetary Fund
Topic: Trade Law and development cooperation principles
The basics of WTO: principles and rules to create and perform International development cooperation practices
Comprehensive overview about international financial and trade development cooperation actors and models
PART III – The regional dimension, the non-institutional approach of the international development cooperation
Topic: The regional dimension of the development cooperation (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Historical, legal and practical features of the development partnership between EEC/EU and the African and Mediterranean Countries
The European development model cycle: analysis and implementation in a comparative perspective
Topic: The non-state actors of the international development cooperation
NGOs: private profile, global action
The business and the International development cooperation: rethinking the way for best actions
Corporate Social Responsibility and human rights protection in the view of development cooperation
The environmental/climate issues in the international negotiations and multi-level cooperation strategies; focus on the right to water
PART IV – Case studies: Italy
Topic: The Italian development cooperation framework; case studies (environment/climate; humanitarian/emergency cooperation)
Lessons from the past for a new legal and institutional framework of the Italian development cooperation

REQUIRED READINGS:
1) UNDP, Human Development Report 2010/2011/2013/2014/2015/Global Sustainable Development Report 2016/2019 (free choice of one UNDP Report: http://hdr.undp.org/en; https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport) / 2020 and following annual editions
2) Books:
2010, Rumu Sarkar, International Development Law. Rule of Law, Human Rights, and Global Finance, Oxford University Press, chapters 2 and 4, http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398281.001.0001/acprof-9780195398281
3) Articles listed by Journal/Review (one choice) free access to Journals/Reviews on www. sba.uniroma3.it, please refer to the Syllabus: as per the academic path, the choice should be focus on environmental/humanitarian proposals in the list.

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMME -

PART I – Historical background, methodological approaches, perspectives and major issues

- Introduction and course description; theory of human rights and its historical background; ontology and epistemology in the theory of human rights
- Freedom, justice as fairness and the ethics of discourse. Rawls, Habermas and the challenges of the anti-foundational critique
- Identity, authenticity, recognition and otherness

PART II – The theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth

- Situating Honneth; Hegelian roots; the fabric of justice
- The struggle for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflicts
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathologies respectively
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice and the market: the sphere of consumption, the labour market and environmental sustainability
- The ‘We’ of democratic will-formation; Organized self-realization: paradoxes of individualization
- The work of negativity; the ‘I’ in ‘We’: recognition as driving force of group formation; recognition and ideology

This course is taught in Italian.

• Honneth, A., Freedom’s Right. The Social Foundations of Democratic Life (2011), trans. J. Ganahl, Polity Press, Cambridge 2014 (ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-6943-4). In addition one article made available during the course.

N.B. with a view to the final exam students may skip the section (in the Italian edition ONLY) from page 358 to page 481.

The course is offered to all students.

It will focus on: “The absurd and history”.

The course will tackle these topics through the analysis of two novels: Albert Camus, “L’Étranger” (1942) and Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête” (2013).

1) Albert Camus, “L’Étranger”, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1942 (or any other paperback French edition)

2) Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête”, Arles, Actes Sud, 2014 (paperback edition)

3) “Les Constitutions de la France depuis 1789”, présentation par Jacques Godechot, édition corrigée et mise à jour par Hervé Faupin, Paris, Flammarion, coll. GF, 2006, chapters XIII, XIV, XV (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

4) Maurice Blanchot, "Le mythe de Sisyphe", "Le roman de l'étranger", in "Faux pas", Paris, Gallimard, 1943 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

5) Jean-Paul Sartre, "Explication de 'L'Étranger'", in "Situations I", Paris, Gallimard, 1947 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

6) Edward W. Said, “Camus et l’expérience impériale française”, in Culture et impérialisme, Paris, Fayard, 2000, pp. 248-268 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

7) Frantz Fanon, "Les damnés de la terre", Paris, La Découverte, 2002 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

Course contents
Module I: Specialty Languages
1. Las lenguas de especialidad
Denominaciones, definiciones y características generales
The horizontal dimension: el léxico y la terminología
The vertical dimension: textos, functions and niveles de especialización

2.El lenguaje jurídico-administrativo:
Origen y características generales
El léxico jurídico
Rasgos morfosintácticos
El estilo formulario
Nivel textual
Géneros textuales

4.El lenguaje de los medios de comunicación
Definición, características, funciones tendencias, géneros

5.El leguaje deportivo
Definición, características, tendencias, géneros

6.El leguaje turístico
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

7.El leguaje advertising
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

Reference text (Required):
Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

Module II: The political language.
1.El Lenguaje político
1.1. Origen y características
1.2. El léxico político
1.3. The political phraseology
1.4. Emisor y recipient
1.5. El contexto histórico
1.6. The retórica
1.7. Estrategias discursivas
1.8. Political persuasion
1.9. La descalificación y el insult
1.10 Tipologías de discursos: totalitarios, de crisis, de investidura

Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

MESSINA FAJARDO L. A. (2020). El discurso político as art of persuasion and social acción. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Note *: For the 2020-2021 academic year, the topics of the political speeches to be analyzed in the term papers must be agreed with the teacher.

The course, divided in two modules (Module 1: Multicultural American Literature; Module 2: Asian American Writers) focuses on the discussion, from a multiethnic and multicultural perspective, of historical, social, political, and economic issues that arise from the reading of the literary selection. Special attention will be given to the analysis of literary texts in order to understand the relationship between American literature and the national identity of the United States of America.

Alvarez, Julia. “Snow”, in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. New York: Bloomsbury, 2004 (1991), 86-87.
Bui, Thi. The Best We Could Do. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2017 (excerpts).
Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street, London: Vintage, 1991 (1984) (excerpts).
Danticat, Edwidge. “Children of the Sea” and “Caroline’s Wedding,” in Krik? Krak! New York: Soho Press, 1995, 3-25, 135-188.
Gillan, Maria Mazziotti. “Shame and Silence in My Work,” in Mary Ann Vigilante Mannino and Justin Vitiello (eds.) Breaking Open: Reflections on Italian American Women’s Writing. West Lafayette (IN): Purdue University Press, 2003, 153-175.
Lahiri, Jhumpa. “Interpreter of Maladies,” in Interpreter of Maladies. London: Harper UK, 2000, 43-69.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif”, in Martin, Wendy (Ed.) The Art of the Short Story. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006, 1167-1181.
Santos, Bienvenido. “Quicker with Arrows”, in Wong, Shawn (ed.) Asian American Literature. A Brief Introduction and Anthology. New York: HarperCollins, 1996, 80-102.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “Yellow Woman”, in Charters, Ann (Ed.) The Story and Its Writer (9th Ed.) Boston and New York: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2015, 1208-15.
Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. Harmondsworth (UK): Penguin, 2003 (1996) (excerpts).
Tusiani, Joseph. Gente Mia (excerpts), in Ethnicity. Selected Poems, New York: Bordighera Press, 2000, 1-6, 8-9.
Yamamoto, Hisaye. “Yoneko’s Earthquake,” in Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 2001, 46-56.

German political Theatre against nuclear war.
The course aims to deepen, through reading and discussion of famous texts of political theatre and documents on the German nuclear debate, the topic of the atomic bomb, the nuclear war and the relationship between science, ethics and politics in cultural political world in Germany of the sixties.

DEUTSCH:
Deutschsprachiges Theater gegen den Nuklearkrieg
Die Vorlesung führt die Studierenden in wichtige Themenbereiche der deutschen Kultur und Geschichte ein. Sie vermittelt einen Einblick in das Atomdrama der sechziger Jahre und in den Motivkomplex Wissenschaft, Ethik und Politik in der deutschen Debatte um die Kernenergie.

F. Dürrenmatt, Die Physiker, Dyogenes Verlag
H. Kipphardt, In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer, Rororo (Rowohlt Verlag)

The course deals with the History of the Relations between Europe and the US in the 20th century through the study of US foreign policy and the relations with the European powers, with particular reference to the first half of the 1900s and the Cold War. At the end of the course students will be able to critically read some essential aspects of the Transatlantic Relations in what goes by the name of "American century". Starting from an analysis of the establishment of the United States as an great power, the Spanish-American war of 1898, Wilson's politics in the first world war, and the experience of the USA with Europe during the rise of the Nazi-fascist regimes the Second World War, the course arrives then to face the crucial point of the Cold War. The course will, therefore, deals with both the confrontation with the Soviet Union and the politics of the blocs, as well as the construction of the EU and the transformation of the American attitude towards a geopolitical entity initially viewed favorably. Particular attention will also be given to the issue of political and cultural interaction during the Cold War: some lessons will therefore be devoted to the history of protest movements in the United States and Europe between the 1950s and the 1980s. Finally, the question of the "Americanization" of Europe and the historiographical debate on the role of the United States on the continent in the aftermath of the end of the Cold War will be addressed.

Generale:



Mario Del Pero, Libertà e Impero: Gli Stati Uniti e il mondo 1776-2006, Bari, Laterza, 2008, parte seconda e terza.



or



Nolan, Mary. The Transatlantic Century Europe and America, 1890-2010. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012.

The course aims to analyze the modalities of formation of the European States pluralistic system born in the Modern Age from the disintegration of the imperial and pontifical universalisms of the Middle Ages, following the metamorphoses of three key concepts (universal monarchy, balance of power, supranational bodies) in the context of the political-diplomatic and war events of the Four-Eighteenth Century. Particular attention will be devoted to the transformations of the concept of monarchia universalis in the context of territorial and imperial States between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Spain, Holland and England), to the international practice of balance of power before and after the Thirty Years War, to development of the idea of peace and to the first proposals of supranational organizations for the resolution of conflicts between States.

A. Aubert, L’Europa degli imperi e degli stati. Monarchie universali, equilibrio di potenza e pacifismi dal XV al XVII secolo, Bari, Cacucci, 2008.

A second text on a specific topic, to be chosen with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

The course aims to provide students with an understanding of the mechanisms that fueled religious conflict in the global world in the early modern age. In particular, it will focus on the religious clash that took place in early modern Europe and on the conflicts that opposed the three great monotheistic religions, starting from the expulsion of the Muslims and the expulsion of the Jews in Catholic Spain at the end of the 15th century. At the same time, it will develop students' knowledge of the historical factors that marked the transition from a culture of conflict to an attempt at peaceful coexistence based on the principle of religious tolerance.

B. Lewis, Culture in conflitto. Cristiani, ebrei e musulmani alle origini del mondo moderno, Roma, Donzelli, 2007
C. Vivanti, Le guerre di religione nel Cinquecento, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2007
B.J. Kaplan, Divided by Faith. Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge Ma., Harvard University Press, 2007

After a brief outline of the establishment of nation-states in the Balkans, the most important themes in the history of the area in the 20th century will be illustrated, and some more specific topics will be examined with the students, through the use of specialised readings and extensive oral and written discussion. This should enable students to exercise their critical faculties.

For students not attending:

Alberto Basciani, L'illusione della modernità. Il Sud-est dell'Europa tra le due guerre mondiali, Rubbettino, 2016
Oliver Jens Schmitt, I Balcani nel Novecento. Una storia postimperiale, Il Mulino, 2021

The course addresses the main issues of modern macroeconomic theory with the aim of providing tools to understand the current economic situation and the current political-economic debate. The course adopts a basic macroeconomic model that is applied to the problems of the global economy and economic policy with particular attention to the prospects for the European economy.

OLIVIER BLANCHARD, ALESSIA AMIGHINI, FRANCESCO GIAVAZZI, Macroeconomics. An European perspective 2020

Course description (corresponding to Administrative law of economics)

Regulation, between economics and law; quality of regulation and effectiveness of rules and administrations. Corruption as regulatory and administrative ineffectiveness.
Public administration and regulatory delivery.
The State and the market: constitutional and European framework.
Independent regulatory agencies.
Competition (cartels, abuse of dominant position, mergers).
Public services (in general and sectors: electronic communications, energy and gas, transports, etc.)

S. Cassese, La nuova costituzione economica, Bari, Laterza, 2021 (ch. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10)


M. De Benedetto, M. Martelli, N. Rangone, La qualità delle regole, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2011

G. Corso, M. De Benedetto, N. Rangone, Diritto amministrativo effettivo. Una introduzione, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2022 (ch. 1, 2, 3)

Part I - General introduction. Theory of the European Constitution and constitutional principles of the Union
- The idea of a European Constitution and European constitutional law. The European constituent process
- The thesis of the European democratic deficit and the question of the "European Demos"
- The stages of European integration: from "Ventotene" to Lisbon
- The Lisbon Treaty in the light of multilevel constitutionalism. The strengthening of the European constitutional heritage and the constitutional traditions common to the Member States
- European citizenship, European representative democracy and the European political party system.

Part II - The institutional system of the Union and the sources of European law
- The European form of government: general principles
- The European Parliament and the role of national parliaments
- The reform of the Council system
- The European Commission, the President of the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
- Principles relating to European sources
- European legislative procedures
- European law and national laws

Part III - European protection of fundamental rights
- The judicial system of the European Union (structure and principles)
- The Union's jurisdictions
- The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights
- European fundamental rights and domestic law

- P. Costanzo, L. Mezzetti, A. Ruggeri, Lineamenti di diritto costituzionale dell'Unione Europea, Torino, Giappichelli, 2019
- Consultation of european fundamental legal texts (TEU, TFEU, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, European Convention on Human Rights, etc.) is required. A collection of these texts is available in P. Scarlatti (a cura di), Codice essenziale di diritto dell'Unione europea, Roma, Aracne, 2011.

The following topics will be covered during the course

1 - Legal comparison in administrative law
2 - Common features and differences between the main administrative systems
3 - Common law systems and administrative law systems
4 - The influence of European law on national systems
5 - Convergence and integration of national administrative systems
6 - Comparative administrative law and global law
7 - Transnational administrative law
8 - Legal models and administrative organisation
9 - Forms of administrative action
10 - Administrative procedures, transparency and participation
11 - Protection of rights

Recommended text: G. Napolitano, Introduzione al diritto amministrativo comparato, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2020.

During the course of the lectures, further supplementary materials will be indicated.

The supplementary readings will be available on the Moodle page of the course or through the University Library System (SBA).

The course aims to provide useful tools to understand the phenomenon of deviance, crime and punishment in Western societies through the most important theories of international and Italian legal-criminal sociology.
In the first module, we will work on the Liberal School of Criminal law, on the ideology of social defence, on psychoanalytic theories of crime, on deviance and regulatory voids, on the "labelling approach", on the sociology of conflicts in reference to the criminal phenomena, the political corruption and the crime of the "white collars", on the prison and the social marginality, on the prospect of the school of Critical criminology.

Testi di riferimento obbligatorio
● A. Baratta, (a cura di Anna Simone), Criminologia critica e critica del diritto penale. Introduzione alla Sociologia giuridico-penale, Mimesis, 2019.

Testi di riferimento obbligatori
● A. Baratta, (a cura di Anna Simone), Criminologia critica e critica del diritto penale. Introduzione alla Sociologia giuridico-penale, Mimesis, 2019. (obbligatorio per tutti)
● A. Simone, La devianza femminile nell’ordine discorsivo criminologico e nella sociologia giuridico-penale. Un approccio critico, in C. Rinaldi, P. Saitta (a cura di), Criminologie critiche contemporanee, Giuffrè, Milano 2018. (In aggiunta solo per chi fa l'esame da 7 o 8 CFU, la dispensa si trova nella Biblioteca del Dipartimento oppure online)

The course analyzes the History of International Relations from the mid 1980s till the Obama Administration (with some hints to the more recent years).

The main topics of the course are:
- End of the Cold War
- German reunification
- Iraq-Kuwait 1990-1991 war and the international reaction
- collapse of Jugoslavia
- the crisis in Somalia
- Rwanda genocide
-the crisis in Kosovo
- 9/11 attacks and War on Terror
- evolution of arms control and challenges related to nuclear weapons

The focus of the course will be on the kind of international reactions in each crisis, the behavior of the main players of the international system (national states, organizations and alliances, coalitions, non-state actors) and on the evolution of the threats to the security during the period analyzed (mid 1980s; 1990s, and the first decade of the XXI century).

Textbooks compulsory for ALL (attending and non-attending students)

1) Antonio Varsori, Le relazioni internazionali dopo la guerra fredda, 1989-2017 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2018)
2) Giuseppe Mammarella, Europa e Stati Uniti dopo la guerra fredda (Bologna: Il Mulino)

3) two short readings, available at the Cartoleria "4 Appunti", via G.Chiabrera (excerpt from the book: Ennio Di Nolfo, Storia delle relazioni internazionali // and excerpt from the book: Odd Arne Westad, La guerra fredda globale)

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ATTENDING students (Frequentanti)

In addition to these books (Varsori; Mammarella; and the two short readings), compulsory for all, students attending classes have to study readings (articles and books) assigned by the professor during the course.

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Students non-attending classes (STUDENTI NON FREQUENTANTI):
In addition to these books (Di Nolfo and Mammarella, compulsory for all), students non attending classes have to CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE OPTIONS:

1) ASIA (2 books)

- Bill Emmott, Asia contro Asia. Cina, India Giappone e la nuova geografia del potere (Milano: Rizzoli, 2008)

and one between the following two:

- Barbara Onnis, La Cina nelle relazioni internazionali. Dalle guerre dell' Oppio a oggi (Roma: Carocci, 2011)

- or: Sumit Ganguly, Storia dell'India e del Pakistan. Due paesi in conflitto (Milano: Bruno Mondadori, 2004), pp. 1-16 -and from 94 to the end

2) STATI UNITI (BOTH books)

- Pierre Hassner e Justin Vaisse, Washington e il mondo. I dilemmi di una superpotenza (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004)
- New Book: Chollet & Goldgeier, America between the wars. The misunderstood years between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Start of the War on Terror. From 11/9 to 9/11 (2008)

3) ONU

- Paul Kennedy, Il Parlamento dell'Uomo. Le Nazioni Unite e la ricerca di un governo mondiale (Milano: Garzanti, 2007)

-The key actors and processes in the contemporary international system.
-The international system after the end of the cold war: the debate between the end of history and the clash of civilizations.
- Regionalism and integration processes.
- The War on Terrorism and its international impact.
- G-20, BRICS, South-South cooperation and the rise of the rest.
-The economic crisis of 2008 and its impact on Latin America.
- The crisis of multilateralism and the return of nationalism

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The syllabus varies with the credits, as will be clarified at the beginning of the course.

1. Introduction to international law
2. Legal constructivism and international law.
3. Justice and methodology in international law.
4. Singularities of international adjudication.
5. International adjudication in disputes between states.
6. International adjudication in disputes concerning human rights.
7. International criminal justice.
8. International arbitration in foreign investments.
9. International courts and tribunals operating within autonomous legal systems.
10. Global neoliberalism and the human person.
11. Analysis of a number cases decided by international courts and tribunals.

The syllabus varies with the credits, as will be clarified at the beginning of the course.

Textbooks and materials, with further references therein (in several languages):

1. Carlo Focarelli, Costruttivismo giuridico e giurisdizioni internazionali (Milan: Kluwer/Cedam, 2019).
2. Carlo Focarelli, Diritto internazionale – II. Prassi (2012-2019) (Milan: Kluwer/Cedam, 2019), in particular a number of cases will be extensively discussed in class and are included in the syllabus for exam purposes.
3. For students who have not passed an exam in international law the following textbook is also required in part: Carlo Focarelli, Diritto internazionale (Milano: Kluwer/Cedam, 2021, 6th edn), only paras §§ §§ 5-10, 15-17, 24-25, 30-36, 41-42, 76, 81, 106-118, 142-168.

The syllabus is the same for attending and non-attending studends.

The course presupposes an adequate knowledge of international law. Students who have already passed an exam in international law are required to provide a certificate thereof.

The course is divided into three parts.
The first one is dedicated to Kantian reflection on the relationship between republic and peace, in particular on the role that constitutionalism can play inside and outside the State to guarantee (universal) protection of rights.
Beyond the contextualization of the Kantian project will be evaluated its ability to provide analytic tools also for contemporary democracy.
The second part will show some problematic issues of current democracy, also in its impact on the international system.
The third part is dedicated to some contemporary authors who have reworked the Kantian paradigm or have tried to find alternative reading keys to the democracy-peace binomial.

1. F. Silvestrini, Kant e la politica come scienza della Respublica. Dalla filosofia alla storia, in «Filosofia politica», XXXII, 2, agosto 2018, pp. 233-250

2. L. Bonanate (a cura di), Teoria politica e democrazia. Dal passato al futuro, Franco Angeli, Milano 2011 (excluding parts III and V)
Parte I. Dimensioni della teoria politica; Parte II. I grandi temi della teoria democratica; Parte IV. La democrazia al di là dei confini

3. A monograph to choose from:
R. Dworkin (2006), La democrazia possibile. Principi per un nuovo dibattito politico, Feltrinelli, Milano 2007
J. Habermas (1996), L’inclusione dell’altro. Studi di teoria politica, Feltrinelli, Milano 2013
H. Kelsen (1944), La pace attraverso il diritto, Giappichelli, Torino 2010
J. Maritain, Elogio della democrazia, La Scuola, Brescia 2012
M.C. Nussbaum (2006), Le nuove frontiere della giustizia, il Mulino, Bologna 2007
J. Rawls (1993), Il diritto dei popoli, Edizioni di Comunità, Torino 2001
M.N. Rothbard (1973), Per una nuova libertà. Il manifesto libertario, Liberilibri, Macerata 2004
D. Zolo, I signori della pace, Carocci, Roma 2001

Week I - Introduction and course description. The origins of U.S. foreign policy. The American exceptionalism. Isolationism or non-isolationism?
Week II - The Civil War as an international conflict. The end of the XIX century and the early Imperial phase.
Week III - The American Century: from the Spanish-American War to the end of the Cold War. The rise of the United States to global power. Wilsonianism or anti-Wilsonianism?
Week IV - The Global Empire. The Cold War between containment, détente, and consensus.
Week V - The post-Cold War debate over the new global role of the U.S. From Bush Sr.'s new world order to Clinton's Democratic enlargment.
Week VI - American Foreign Policy after 9/11. New challenges, new approaches, and new interpretations of the U.S. role in the world.

Mario Del Pero, Libertà e impero. Gli Stati Uniti e il mondo, 1776-2016, Laterza, 2017


One additional book of your choice from the following:

Chalmers Johnson, Le lacrime dell'impero. L'apparato militare industriale, i servizi segreti e la fine del sogno americano, Garzanti, 2005

Elisabetta Vezzosi, Raffaella Baritono, Oltre il secolo americano? Gli Stati Uniti prima e dopo l'11 settembre, Carocci, 2011

Francis Fukuyama, La fine della storia e l'ultimo uomo, UTET, 2020

Joseph Nye, Fine del secolo americano? Il Mulino, 2016

Mario Del Pero, Henry Kissinger e l'ascesa dei neoconservatori alle origini della politica estera americana, Laterza, 2006

The first part of he course focuses on the historical question of African history and the history sources for this continent. Particular reference is made to oral sources and methodology. The course will then move on to the fundamental aspects.
The course aims to provide basic background knowledge of the history of the continent and its modern day problems, this in the light of a historical understanding of different cultures.
Subjects covered:
Aspects of African culture (Clans and ancestry, totemism, theism, social structures)
The impact of colonialism
The Africanisation of the colonialistic western culture

- Bernardo Bernardi, Africa. Tradizione e Modernità, Carocci, 2001

- Catherine Coquery Vidrovitch, Breve storia dell'Africa, Il Mulino, 2012 (French original edition)

CONTENT:

PART I – Introduction and description of the course

1) Introduction : East Asia as a regional entity (geopolitics and culture)
2) Historical overview : The pre-war order in East Asia (the Sino-centric order and the Japanese particularism) – Part I
3) Japan and China facing the first great challenge (Modernity)
4) Japan and China facing the second great challenge (Globalization)
5) Seminar : the construction of the Chinese political identity through the CCP rhetoric in the post-Maoist era
6) Revision
7) Mid-term.

PART II

1) Security, identity and stability in East Asia
2) China and the Japan-U.S. alliance - The security dilemma in East Asia
3) Ambiguous Japan: Japan’s national identity at century’s end
4) Power and purpose in Pacific East Asia
5) Revision
6) Final Exam

Students are expected to write a 2.500 words, theoretically informed, research paper on a topic of their choice which has been previously discussed with the instructor.

This course is taught in English.

REQUIRED READINGS:

1) John Welfield, An Empire in Eclipse. Japan in the Postwar American Alliance System, Bloomsbury.
Chi-Kwan Mark, China and the World Since 1945. An International History, Routledge.
2) Rémy Davison, “Asia’s ‘Great Game’”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
3) M.K. Connors, “Between a doctrine and a hard place. Japan’s emerging role”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.
4) Rémy Davison, “The Chinese century?”, in M. Connors, R. Davison & J. Dosch, The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific. Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, Routledge.

Main theories of International Relations after the end of the Cold War,
-Analysis of decision-making processes and problem-solving techniques in an international context.
Implications of the globalization process and of its crisis.
-The role of democracy and Human Rights in the international Agenda
- Environmental protection. The emergence of security communities. Aspects of a global society.
- Determination of potential international conflicts based on current debates on the international agenda.
-Identify the debates that occupy the center of attention of the international agenda in order to propose strategies for linking or alliances between countries.
-Cooperation strategies to face up to issues affecting a specific region

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

Main theories of International Relations after the end of the Cold War,
-Analysis of decision-making processes and problem-solving techniques in an international context.
Implications of the globalization process and of its crisis.
-The role of democracy and Human Rights in the international Agenda
- Environmental protection. The emergence of security communities. Aspects of a global society.
- Determination of potential international conflicts based on current debates on the international agenda.
-Identify the debates that occupy the center of attention of the international agenda in order to propose strategies for linking or alliances between countries.
-Cooperation strategies to face up to issues affecting a specific region

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The acquisition of tools for understanding the women’s conditions and the gender relations will be carried out through a programme divided in two parts.
In the first one the analysis of the steps that marked the development of the European women’s identity and the struggle to achieve the objectives of freedom and democracy will be carried out. In the second part the same topics will be analysed in relation to men and to some historical junctions, like the economic and cultural crisis and the wars.

Gisela Bock, The Women in the European History. From Middle Age to the Contemporary Time, Laterza editore
Sandro Bellassai, The Invention of Virility. Politics and male imagery in Contemporary Italy, Carocci editore

The course is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the most important events and issues concerning the history of Europe since 1945 up to the present. The second part is devoted to a specialized theme: history of terrorism in Europe from the Sixties to the present.

FIRST HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
History of Europe since 1945
Contents: 1. From War to Cold War 2. Democracy Embattled: France, Italy, and West Germany 3. Stalinism beyond the Iron Curtain 4. The Economic Boom and the Welfare State 5. Political Transformations in Western Europe in the Fifities and the Sixties 6. The Years of Chruščëv 7. The End of the European Empires 8. Gaullism in France and the Center-Left in Italy 9. Europe in Crisis: the Old Continent during the Seventies 10. Eastern Europe after 1968 11. The Transition to Democracy in Spain, Portugal, and Greece 12. The Thatcher Era 13. The Fall of the Wall and the End of the Cold War 14. The Yugoslavian crisis 15. The new Europe between integration and immigration


SECOND HALF OF THE COURSE (3 CFU)
Terrorism in Europe since the Sixties
Contents: 1. What is Terrorism? 2. The Main Waves of Modern Terrorism 3. Nationalist and Separatist Terrorism in Europe: ETA and IRA 4. Main Features of Ideological Terrorism in Europe 5. Ideological Terrorism in France, Italy, and West Germany 6. The Origins of Left-Wing Terrorism in Western Europe: 1968, Violence, and Terrorism 7. Terrorists’ Memoirs 8. Interpretations of European Ideological Terrorism 9. Religious Terrorism in Europe since the 1970s up to the Present 10. European Democracies Dealing with Terrorism


The first part of the course will consist of lectures, during which also photographs and footage will be employed.
The second part of the course will be structured as a specialized seminar. After a series of lectures during which the instructor will introduce the main topics of the seminar, attending students will be required to do one presentation in class about a book, which will be chosen from a selection provided by the instructor at the beginning of the course. Class discussion will follow each presentation. At the end of the course, attending students will be required to write a 4000 word paper, analyzing the book chosen in the light of the analyses and discussions from the seminar.

Only for students attending the course, the assessment related to the first part of the course may take the form of a mid-term exam, to be taken during the course (esonero).
With regard to the seminar, the grade for this part of the course (which will average with the grade obtained for the first part) will be attributed on the basis of the student’s performance in the following activities: PRESENTATION: 30%; FINAL PAPER: 70%.

Books for students attending the course:
- Federico Romero, Storia della guerra fredda. L’ultimo conflitto per l’Europa, Torino, Einaudi, 2009
- Readings assigned by instructor


Books for students not attending the course:
1. William I. Hitchcock, Il continente diviso. Storia dell’Europa del 1945 a oggi, Roma, Carocci, 2003
2. Federico Romero, Storia della guerra fredda. L’ultimo conflitto per l’Europa, Torino, Einaudi, 2009

The course introduces students to the anthropological concepts and methods in understanding cultural diversity ( culture/s, fieldwork, ethnicity, gender, migrations, transnationalism and globalization) . The course examines globalisation's social and cultural dynamics in a second part, drawing on anthropological theory and ethnographic case studies.

11. Didier Fassin, Ragione umanitaria. Una storia morale del presente, Derive Approdi2018 (la sola introduzione, nei materiali Teams in Francese o in Inglese)
2. Michela Fusaschi, Quando il corpo è delle Altre. Retoriche della pietà e umanitarismo spettacolo, Bollati Boringhieri, 2011.

One or two books:

1. Giovanna Cavatorta, 2018, Tornare è tuo dovere. Etnografie, genere e capitali in Senegal, Cisu, Roma

2. Sally Engle Merry, The Seductions of Quantification, Measuring Human Rights Gender Violence and Sex Trafficking. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2016 (in PDF nei materiali Teams ).

3. Dominique Memmi, 2021, La rivincita della carne. Saggio sui nuovi supporti dell’identità, RomaTre-press, Roma (in PDF nei materiali Teams )

4. Arjun Appadurai, Alexander Neta, Fallimento, Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano, 2020.

5. Jean-Loup Amselle, 2001, Connessioni. Antropologia dell'universalità delle culture, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino.

6. Francesca Casafina, La memoria vivida. Corpi, genere e violenza in Colombia (1990-2020) , Nova Delphi Libri, Roma 2021 .

7. Michela Fusaschi, Corpo non si nasce, si diventa. Antropologiche di genere nella globalizzazione nell'edizione 2018 (NO 2013), Cisu Roma.

The locution "human rights" denotes a field of action as well as a broad, inter-disciplinary, field of studies. In the first perspective, human rights are generally meant to express a set of minimum standards of conduct a State ought to meet in the treatment of individuals over whom it exercises its jurisdiction. Since the end of World War II international charters, conventions, covenants and declarations have been promulgated stating what basic rights individuals have. Notable efforts have been made to enforce adherence to those rights resulting in the creation of a system of multi-level jurisdiction through a number of international courts. Even though many see human rights as a Western, culturally biased, construction based upon an abstract and atomistic conception of the individual, the notion that for a State to promote and perform cruel and degrading acts is unjust, albeit for different reasons, has become increasingly popular globally. In the second perspective, descriptively human rights are said to be powers or properties belonging to all human beings in virtue of being human. Normatively that all human beings must be able to enjoy certain fundamental rights is a matter of global justice. Today not only theories of human rights, concerned with guiding action, but also theories about human rights, concerned with foundational questions, compete with one another. The course concentreates on the theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth. There is general agreement about the fact that liberal-democratic societies are based on normative principles, which require legal provisions to ensure that governments do not violate anyone’s fundamental rights. Yet, partially on account of the complexity of the ongoing overlapping global processes of integration, deregulation, reform, and partially on account of the influence of anti-foundational critique (deconstruction; postmodernism; relativism), these widely accepted principles seem to have lost much of their original explanatory and prescriptive force. Contrary to those claiming that this problem consists of a mere temporal delay between philosophical investigation and practical application Honneth argues that more is needed than time, hope and persistence to transform theoretically developed principles of freedom and justice into guidelines for political action. In his view the normative principles at the heart of the human rights discourse are formulated in a manner that prevents us from deriving guidelines for political action. In particular, the course will examine the model of normative reconstruction that Honneth developed in neo-Hegelian fashion for the purpose of situating his own theory of justice as recognition in the analysis of the variety of historically determined institutional instances and practices that embody existentially significant claims to realization.

CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMME -

PART I – Historical background, methodological approaches, perspectives and major issues

- Introduction and course description; theory of human rights and its historical background; ontology and epistemology in the theory of human rights
- Freedom, justice as fairness and the ethics of discourse. Rawls, Habermas and the challenges of the anti-foundational critique
- Identity, authenticity, recognition and otherness

PART II – The theory of autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice by Axel Honneth

- Situating Honneth; Hegelian roots; the fabric of justice
- The struggle for recognition and the moral grammar of social conflicts
- The right to freedom and the social foundation of democratic ethical life
- The reasons for the existence of legal and moral freedom and their pathologies respectively
- Social freedom and the three registers of the ‘We’ of personal relationships
- Autonomy, vulnerability, recognition and justice and the market: the sphere of consumption, the labour market and environmental sustainability
- The ‘We’ of democratic will-formation; Organized self-realization: paradoxes of individualization
- The work of negativity; the ‘I’ in ‘We’: recognition as driving force of group formation; recognition and ideology

This course is taught in Italian.

• Honneth, A., Freedom’s Right. The Social Foundations of Democratic Life (2011), trans. J. Ganahl, Polity Press, Cambridge 2014 (ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-6943-4). In addition one article made available during the course.

N.B. with a view to the final exam students may skip the section (in the Italian edition ONLY) from page 358 to page 481.

Strategic Studies

Instructor: Niccolò Petrelli
A.A. 2021/22
C.F.U. 9

What is Strategy? What are its constituent elements? How does it work in practice? How do international actors coordinate national interests and available resources? How is power developed in the international system? The course aims at introducing students to the topics of strategy, power in its various forms, and competiton and conflict in the international system. By familiarizing students with the theory of strategy, the course provides them theoretical tools appropriate for analyzing international relations in a competitive perspective.
AT the end of the course the students will be in possess of:

1. Analytical instruments appropriate for analyzing and assessing the dynamics of conflict and competition in international relations.
2. Knowledge of a certain number of empirical cases of national strategy in various areas of the world in the last 30 years.

Program

Week 1 – The Theory of Stratey: Fundamental Concepts
1. Introduction: The academic discipline of Strategic Studies, Objectives and structure of the course, assessment, teaching approach, materials.

2. The Strategic Approach to international Relations: Strategy as a Science and its fundamental assumptions.
Bernard Brodie, ‘Strategy as a Science’ World Politics, Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 1949), pp. 467-488.
Michael Howard, ‘The Strategic Approach to International Relations’, British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1976), pp. 67-75.
MLR Smith – Strategic Theory Assumptions.

3. The concept of Strategy: General overview and analytical framework
Bob De Wit, Strategy: An International Perspective, 6th Edition (Andover: Cengage, 2017).
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina (Lugano: StartInsight/Europa Atlantica, 2021), 27-29.
Edward Luttwak, Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2002), levels
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 53-55.

Week 2 – The "environment" and content of Grand Strategy

4. Grand Strategy and the “environment”
Edward Luttwak, Strategy, scope.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 30.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Anarchy in International Relations.
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies - Interdependence in International Organization and Global Governance.

5. The elements of Grand Strategy: Diagnosis, Objectives.
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 31-40.

6. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Means
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 40-47.

Week 3 – The Content of Grand Strategy (II)

7. The Elements of Grand Strategy: Time
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Andrew Carr, ‘It’s about time: Strategy and temporal phenomena’, Journal of Strategic Studies (2018).

8. The Elements of Grand Strategy: The competitive logic
Niccolò Petrelli, La Grande Strategia e il Futuro della Competizione USA-Cina, 47-51.
Michael Porter, ‘What is Strategy?’, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996).

9. The Execution of Grand Strategy
Colin Gray, The Strategy Bridge: Theory for Practice (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012), 59-74.*
Lawrence Freedman, Strategy, A History (Oxford: Oxford UP: 2013).
Richard K. Betts, ‘The Trouble with Strategy: Bridging Policy and Operations’, Joint Force Quarterly (Autumn/Winter 2001–02), 23-30.

Week 4 – The Process of Grand Strategy

10. Strategy and Contingency
Hew Strachan, ‘Strategy and contingency’, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 6 (November 2011), pp. 1281-1296.

11. Change in Grand Strategy
Rebecca Lissner, ‘Rethinking Grand-Strategic Change: Overhauls Versus Adjustments in Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

12. Analys and Evaluation of Grand Strategy
William C. Wohlforth, ‘The Challenge of Evaluating Grand Strategy’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).
John Lewis Gaddis, ‘Containment and the Logic of Strategy’, The National Interest, No. 10 (WINTER 1987/8), pp. 27-38.

Week 5 – Analysis and Evaluation of Grand Strategy

13. Success in Grand Strategy

Hal Brands and Peter Feaver, ‘Getting Grand Strategy Right’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

14. Grand Strategy in Small States

Anders Wivel, ‘The Grand Strategies of Small States’, in Thierry Balzacq and Ronald R. Krebs (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2021).

Week 6 – Grand Strategy in Practice: Case Studies

15. the Grand Strategy of Brazil
Carlos R. S. Milani and Tiago Nery, ‘Brazil’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Matias Spektor, ‘Brazil: Shadows of the Past and Contested Ambitions’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

16. the Grand Strategy of the EU
Daniel Fiott and Luis Simón, ‘The European Union’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Sven Biscop, ‘No peace from corona: defining EU strategy for the 2020s’, Journal of European Integration, 42/8 (2020), 1009-1023.

17. Russia's Grand Strategy
Celine Marangé, ‘Russia’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Fyodor Lukyanov, ‘Russia: Geopolitics and Identity’, in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016),

Week 7 Grand Straegy in Practice: Case Studies (II)

18. Israel's Grand Strategy
Eitan Shamir, ‘Israel’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Ariel Levite, ‘Israel: Strategic Vision Adrift’ in William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler, Jeffrey W. Legro (eds.), Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2016).

19. Iran's Grand Strategy
Thierry Balzacq and Wendy Ramadan-Alban, ‘Iran’ in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Kevjn Lim, ‘Iran’s Grand Strategic Logic’, Survival, 62/5 (2020), 157-172

20. China's Grand Strategy
Andrew S. Erickson, ‘China’, in Thierry Balzacq, Simon Reich, Peter Dombrowski (eds.), Comparative Grand Strategy A Framework and Cases (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2019).
Oriana Skylar Mastro, ‘Chinese Grand Strategy’, In John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, Jeannie L. Johnson (eds), Strategy in the Contemporary World, 7th edition, (Oxford UP, forthcoming Dec 2021).

Week 8 – Presentations
21. US Grand Strategy
Hal Brands, Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump (Washington DC: Brookings, 2018), cap. 3.
22. Students' Presentations
23. Students' Presentations

Week 9 – Presentations

24. Students' Presentations
25. Students' Presentations
26. Students' Presentations

Week 10 – Conclusions

27. Conclusions and Exam Review

In addition to the readings listed above students that attend the course (at least 2/3 of classe) will have to submit a paper (maximum 5000 words) before December 12 and present on two of the following:

Richard Rumelt, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why it Matters (New York: Crown, 2011).
Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Bites Back (London: Prentice Hall, 2008).
Michael Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (New York: The Free Press, 1990), 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11.

Email the instructor for teaching materials.

During the course will be analysed some social movements that have the particularity of emphasise the collective identity, values and lifestyles, rather than on previously defined ideological bodies, and are not so much aligned with or supported by organised social sectors. The incidence of various factors in the emergence, persistence and decline of these social movements will be explored: such as the modality of government intervention, the change of economic structuring and labour reorganisation, the rituals of the landless movement in Brazil, the peasant movement in Ecuador, the human rights movement in Argentina, and also the "underclass" in Argentina.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

During the course will be analysed some social movements that have the particularity of emphasise the collective identity, values and lifestyles, rather than on previously defined ideological bodies, and are not so much aligned with or supported by organised social sectors. The incidence of various factors in the emergence, persistence and decline of these social movements will be explored: such as the modality of government intervention, the change of economic structuring and labour reorganisation, the rituals of the landless movement in Brazil, the peasant movement in Ecuador, the human rights movement in Argentina, and also the "underclass" in Argentina.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

Theoretical and practical aspects of international security.
-Analysis of the main processes in the global and regional framework.
-The peace missions and the role of the United Nations in matters of international peace and security.
- NATO, its roles and process of change.
-Cooperative security and non-proliferation policies in various regional settings. New threats.
-The concept of "risk complexity" and its practical applicability: the case of Kosovo and the former Yugoslavia.
- Hemispheric security and Defense Diplomacy.
-The regional and subregional context of Argentina.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

Theoretical and practical aspects of international security.
-Analysis of the main processes in the global and regional framework.
-The peace missions and the role of the United Nations in matters of international peace and security.
- NATO, its roles and process of change.
-Cooperative security and non-proliferation policies in various regional settings. New threats.
-The concept of "risk complexity" and its practical applicability: the case of Kosovo and the former Yugoslavia.
- Hemispheric security and Defense Diplomacy.
-The regional and subregional context of Argentina.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The Course aims to provide a profile of the Chinese Legal System also in a historical and comparative perspective.
The commercial and investment laws and the legal system of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan will be also part of the program.
Contents:
The Chinese imperial law system (2 h)
The process of modernization of Chinese Law (4h)
The Chinese constitutional system (2 h)
Chinese civil law (3 h)
Chinese criminal law (1 h)
Chinese Commercial and investment law (4h)
Chinese IPR (2h)
Hong Kong and Macao Legal System (2h)
Taiwan legal system (2h)
Litigation and Arbitration in China (4h)
Case study of Italian litigations in China (2h)
China and International Law (2h)
Legal implication of the Belt and Road initiative (2h)
Human Rights in China (2h)
More recent developments of Chinese legal system (2H)

Notes provided by the professor. For non-attending students, please write an email to the professor.

Part I. Introduction to European environmental law
- The legal concept of “environment”
- Environment and plurality of legal systems
- Environmental law and European constitutional law
- The institutional framework of the European Union (brief outline)
- The sources of European environmental law

Part II. The fundamental principles of European environmental law
- Environmental law and European integration
- Environmental protection in the European Treaties in force. The Treaty of Lisbon
- The principle of sustainable development
- Environmental protection in the light of subsidiarity and solidarity
- Principle of integration, fundamental principles and criteria of the Union's environmental policies
- European decision-making processes concerning environmental law

Part III. The relationship between European environmental law and national law
- Environmental protection and division of powers between the European Union and the Member States
- Environmental protection under the Italian Constitutional System
- The transposition of EU environmental legislation into domestic law

In addition to the materials provided by the lecturer, students are required to attend to the relevant parts of the recommended textbooks.
Students should also be in full possession of the fundamental texts of European law, such as, for example, P. Scarlatti (ed.), Codice essenziale di diritto costituzionale dell'Unione europea, Roma, Aracne, 2011

CONTENT:
PART I – Introduction and description of the Course; the UN framework: past vs. future international development cooperation
Topic: Preliminary basics of the International development cooperation
Conceptual framework of the International development cooperation
Operational mechanisms and procedures
The right to development and international cooperation
Topic: Key-elements of the right to development
Economic, sustainable and social factors at the core of the human development concept: theoretical and practical approach
International actors: donors and partners; IOs; the role of the United Nations within the international cooperative framework
From MDGs to SDGs (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Approaching to the 2015 time limit and beyond: the new era of the post-2015/2030 Development Agenda
PART II – The financial/trade development cooperation
Topic: The International financial and trade development cooperation
The role and action of the World Bank Group and related development cooperation mechanisms and models
The financial cooperation of the International Monetary Fund
Topic: Trade Law and development cooperation principles
The basics of WTO: principles and rules to create and perform International development cooperation practices
Comprehensive overview about international financial and trade development cooperation actors and models
PART III – The regional dimension, the non-institutional approach of the international development cooperation
Topic: The regional dimension of the development cooperation (including environmental and emergency-humanitarian cooperation)
Historical, legal and practical features of the development partnership between EEC/EU and the African and Mediterranean Countries
The European development model cycle: analysis and implementation in a comparative perspective
Topic: The non-state actors of the international development cooperation
NGOs: private profile, global action
The business and the International development cooperation: rethinking the way for best actions
Corporate Social Responsibility and human rights protection in the view of development cooperation
The environmental/climate issues in the international negotiations and multi-level cooperation strategies; focus on the right to water
PART IV – Case studies: Italy
Topic: The Italian development cooperation framework; case studies (environment/climate; humanitarian/emergency cooperation)
Lessons from the past for a new legal and institutional framework of the Italian development cooperation

REQUIRED READINGS:
1) UNDP, Human Development Report 2010/2011/2013/2014/2015/Global Sustainable Development Report 2016/2019 (free choice of one UNDP Report: http://hdr.undp.org/en; https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport) / 2020 and following annual editions
2) Books:
2010, Rumu Sarkar, International Development Law. Rule of Law, Human Rights, and Global Finance, Oxford University Press, chapters 2 and 4, http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398281.001.0001/acprof-9780195398281
3) Articles listed by Journal/Review (one choice) free access to Journals/Reviews on www. sba.uniroma3.it, please refer to the Syllabus: as per the academic path, the choice should be focus on environmental/humanitarian proposals in the list.

The key concepts of programme and policy evaluation. The relationships between input, output and outcome. The indicators and statistical techniques at the various stages of evaluation: ex-ante, on-going and ex-post. Evaluation of the effects: experimental and non-experimental methods. the counterfactual approach and models used in the non-experimental methods. Case studies and examples. The ex-ante evaluation: Swot Analysis. Cost-benefit analysis. Multicriteria analysis. Example methods and cases. The evaluation of public services.

Gary Koop “Logica statistica dei dati economici”, Utet, 2001.
A. Martini, M. Sisti, "A ciascuno il suo. Cinque modi di intendere la valutazione in ambito pubblico", Informaires, n.33, Dicembre 2007, pp. 1-9.
https://dokodoc.com/queue/a-ciascuno-il-suo-cinque-modi-di-intendere-la-valutazione-in.html

European Commission (2013) EVALSED GUIDE: The resource for the evaluation of Socio-Economic Development. cap. 4 Choosing methods and techniques par. Acquiring and using data in evaluation; Creating Indicators and indicator systems pp. 81-88. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf

A. Martini, M. Sisti (2009), Valutare il successo delle politiche pubbliche, Il Mulino, capp. VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII.
Formez (2006) Valutare gli effetti delle politiche pubbliche. Metodi e applicazioni al caso italiano. Collana Materiali, Roma. Parte prima. (http://costopa.formez.it/sites/all/files/Valutare%20gli%20effetti%20dellle%20politiche%20pubbliche.pdf)
Commissione Europea (2003) Guida all’analisi costi-benefici dei progetti di investimento, Bruxelles. capp. 1, 2. (http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/cost/guide02_it.pdf).
European Commission (2013) Evalsed Sourcebook: Method and Techniques cap.11 Multi-criteria Analysis 129-136; cap. 15 Swot Analysis pp.161-164. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/guide/guide_evalsed.pdf
Dispense didattiche a cura del docente.

The course addresses the main issues of modern macroeconomic theory with the aim of providing tools to understand the current economic situation and the current political-economic debate. The course adopts a basic macroeconomic model that is applied to the problems of the global economy and economic policy with particular attention to the prospects for the European economy.

OLIVIER BLANCHARD, ALESSIA AMIGHINI, FRANCESCO GIAVAZZI, Macroeconomics. An European perspective 2020

-Main international Organization. Evaluation of their decision-making system and of their roles.
- How international Organizations work,
- international economic organizations and their development from a critical perspective.
- Role of economic and financial international organizations.
- International cooperation and sustainable development
- Non-governmental international organisations.
-Preparation of events, programs and projects to be carried out by an international organization.
-Identification and classification of the priorities in an agenda.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The course is articulated in two parts.The topic issue is focused on the nature and the classification of war referring to the major international theories (Clausewitz; Schmitt; Aron). The course analyzes the evolution of war in terms of power and legal limits to the use of violence from Westphalia to the present day. In the second part the course discusses the Samuel Huntington theory of «The Clash of Civilization» to develop a new theoretical framework understanding the world politics after the cold war.

A. Colombo, La guerra ineguale. Pace e violenza nel tramonto della società internazionale, Il Mulino, Bologna 2006.
S.P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, New York 1996.

The 6 credits program for non-attending students excludes chapters V, VIII XII of the book of S.P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, New York 1996. Attending students who take the written test will agree the 6 credits program with the teacher.

-Theory and practice of negotiations, construction of scenarios and negotiation process ,
- International Security, International Organizations and Global Governance.
-Development and strengthening of negotiating skills in the diplomatic and professional field. -Drafting of projects of different kinds of resolutions (political, economic, security) of an International Organization, and of speeches for their presentation and defense;
- Development of a strategic communication plan. Different forms of communication: classification of channels and tools. Communications to specific groups: relationship with the government, financial communications. Rhetorical and persuasion techniques.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The course is offered to all students.

It will focus on: “The absurd and history”.

The course will tackle these topics through the analysis of two novels: Albert Camus, “L’Étranger” (1942) and Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête” (2013).

1) Albert Camus, “L’Étranger”, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio, 1942 (or any other paperback French edition)

2) Kamel Daoud, “Meursault, contre-enquête”, Arles, Actes Sud, 2014 (paperback edition)

3) “Les Constitutions de la France depuis 1789”, présentation par Jacques Godechot, édition corrigée et mise à jour par Hervé Faupin, Paris, Flammarion, coll. GF, 2006, chapters XIII, XIV, XV (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

4) Maurice Blanchot, "Le mythe de Sisyphe", "Le roman de l'étranger", in "Faux pas", Paris, Gallimard, 1943 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

5) Jean-Paul Sartre, "Explication de 'L'Étranger'", in "Situations I", Paris, Gallimard, 1947 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

6) Edward W. Said, “Camus et l’expérience impériale française”, in Culture et impérialisme, Paris, Fayard, 2000, pp. 248-268 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

7) Frantz Fanon, "Les damnés de la terre", Paris, La Découverte, 2002 (available from Moodle platform or copy shop Appunti, via Chiabrera 174)

Course contents
Module I: Specialty Languages
1. Las lenguas de especialidad
Denominaciones, definiciones y características generales
The horizontal dimension: el léxico y la terminología
The vertical dimension: textos, functions and niveles de especialización

2.El lenguaje jurídico-administrativo:
Origen y características generales
El léxico jurídico
Rasgos morfosintácticos
El estilo formulario
Nivel textual
Géneros textuales

4.El lenguaje de los medios de comunicación
Definición, características, funciones tendencias, géneros

5.El leguaje deportivo
Definición, características, tendencias, géneros

6.El leguaje turístico
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

7.El leguaje advertising
Definición, origen, características, función, géneros

Reference text (Required):
Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

Module II: The political language.
1.El Lenguaje político
1.1. Origen y características
1.2. El léxico político
1.3. The political phraseology
1.4. Emisor y recipient
1.5. El contexto histórico
1.6. The retórica
1.7. Estrategias discursivas
1.8. Political persuasion
1.9. La descalificación y el insult
1.10 Tipologías de discursos: totalitarios, de crisis, de investidura

Maria Vittoria Calvi et al., Las lenguas de especialidad en español, Carocci editore, Rome, 2009.

MESSINA FAJARDO L. A. (2020). El discurso político as art of persuasion and social acción. Berlin: Peter Lang.
Note *: For the 2020-2021 academic year, the topics of the political speeches to be analyzed in the term papers must be agreed with the teacher.

Linguistic varieties of Spanish. The Rioplatense variety. Standard and use. Textual types and genera. Enunciation. Polyphony. Deixis. The sentence syntax in a textual framework. Time and temporality. Aspect. Voice. Mode and modality.. Coordination and subordination. Targeting, theming, impersonality procedures. Specification, explanation, definition, identification. Regulation of the Spanish language. The semantics of punctuation.

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

German political Theatre against nuclear war
The course aims to deepen, through reading and discussion of famous texts of political theatre and documents on the German nuclear debate, the topic of the atomic bomb, the nuclear war and the relationship between science, ethics and politics in cultural political world in Germany of the sixties.

Deutschsprachiges Theater gegen den Nuklearkrieg
Die Vorlesung führt die Studierenden in wichtige Themenbereiche der deutschen Kultur und Geschichte ein. Sie vermittelt einen Einblick in das Atomdrama der sechziger Jahre und in den Motivkomplex Wissenschaft, Ethik und Politik in der deutschen Debatte um die Kernenergie.

F. Dürrenmatt, Die Physiker, Dyogenes Verlag
H. Kipphardt, In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer, Rororo (Rowohlt Verlag)
B. Brecht: Leben des Galilei

The course, divided in two modules (Module 1: Multicultural American Literature; Module 2: Asian American Writers) focuses on the discussion, from a multiethnic and multicultural perspective, of historical, social, political, and economic issues that arise from the reading of the literary selection. Special attention will be given to the analysis of literary texts in order to understand the relationship between American literature and the national identity of the United States of America.

Alvarez, Julia. “Snow”, in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. New York: Bloomsbury, 2004 (1991), 86-87.
Bui, Thi. The Best We Could Do. New York: Abrams ComicArts, 2017 (excerpts).
Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street, London: Vintage, 1991 (1984) (excerpts).
Danticat, Edwidge. “Children of the Sea” and “Caroline’s Wedding,” in Krik? Krak! New York: Soho Press, 1995, 3-25, 135-188.
Gillan, Maria Mazziotti. “Shame and Silence in My Work,” in Mary Ann Vigilante Mannino and Justin Vitiello (eds.) Breaking Open: Reflections on Italian American Women’s Writing. West Lafayette (IN): Purdue University Press, 2003, 153-175.
Lahiri, Jhumpa. “Interpreter of Maladies,” in Interpreter of Maladies. London: Harper UK, 2000, 43-69.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif”, in Martin, Wendy (Ed.) The Art of the Short Story. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006, 1167-1181.
Santos, Bienvenido. “Quicker with Arrows”, in Wong, Shawn (ed.) Asian American Literature. A Brief Introduction and Anthology. New York: HarperCollins, 1996, 80-102.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “Yellow Woman”, in Charters, Ann (Ed.) The Story and Its Writer (9th Ed.) Boston and New York: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2015, 1208-15.
Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. Harmondsworth (UK): Penguin, 2003 (1996) (excerpts).
Tusiani, Joseph. Gente Mia (excerpts), in Ethnicity. Selected Poems, New York: Bordighera Press, 2000, 1-6, 8-9.
Yamamoto, Hisaye. “Yoneko’s Earthquake,” in Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 2001, 46-56.

For students following this course to receive 6 CFU, the course is structured in 3 parts:

1) An overview of the European Union’s history, politics and institutional developments: from the European Community of the 1970s to the EU of the 2000s.

2) Environmental challenges and politics in an international history perspective, from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 to the Paris Agreement of 2015: conservation; global threats; multilateral negotiations; and the rise of climate change in international politics.

3) The roots and development of the EU environmental policy within the context of its energy policy, external relations and foreign policy.

1. Afionis Stavros, The European Union in International Climate Change Negotiations, London, Routledge, 2017;
2. Jordan Andrew, Adelle Camilla (eds), Environmental policy in the EU: actors, institutions and processes, (third edition), London, Routledge, 2013, pp. 1-305;
3. Kaiser Wolfram, Meyer Jan-Henrik (eds), International Organizations and Environmental Protection. Conservation and Globalization in the Twentieth Century, New York, Berghahn Books, 2016, pp. 1-102; 153-267; 293-333.

The course examines the historical and political trajectory of the Middle East and North Africa from the Colonial Era until today. The students will be introduced to the debate on Orientalism, its role in the colonial era, and its relevance until today. A particular focus will be on the post-colonial era. Among the topics covered there will be: State formation, the role of ideologies (both secular and religious) in the shaping of the region, the intra-regional and international relations of the Region and the so-called ‘Arab Spring’. Students are expected to actively participate to the course.
All the available teaching materials, the announcements and all that is related to this course will be posted on the lecturer’s departmental teaching webpage (bit.ly/dsu-gervasio).

REQUIRED READINGS:


R. Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, Routledge: London & New York: 2004.
J. Chalcraft, “The Arab Uprisings of 2011 in Historical Perspective” in The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History, 2016 (available as a pdf file on the course website).
G. Achcar, “The Seasons after the Arab Spring”, Le Monde Diplomatique, June 2019 (available as a pdf file on the course website).

One of the following:


G. Achcar, The People Want. A Radical Exploration of the Arab Uprising, London: Saqi, 2013.
G. Achcar, Morbid Symptoms. Relapse in the Arab Uprisings, London: Saqi, 2016.
L. Anceschi, G. Gervasio & A. Teti (eds), Informal Power in the Greater Middle East. Hidden Geographies, London: Routledge, 2014 & 2016.
M. Aouragh & H. Hamouchene (eds), The Arab Uprisings. A Decade of Struggles, TNI & RLS, 2021, available online at: https://longreads.tni.org/arab-uprisings
A. Bayat, Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring, Stanford: Stanford UP, 2017.
A. Bayat, Revolutionary Life. The Everyday of the Arab Spring, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2021
F. Cavatorta & L. Storm (eds), Political Parties in the Arab World: Continuity and Change, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2018.
S. Cook, False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the New Middle East, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017.
F. A. Gerges, ISIS: A History, Princeton: Princeton UP, 2017.
A. Khalil (ed), Gender, Women and the Arab Spring, London & NY: Routledge, 2015.
H. Kraetzschmar & P. Rivetti (eds), Islamists and the Politics of the Arab Uprisings: Governance, Pluralisation and Contention, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2018.
R. Owen, The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2014.
J. Saab (ed.), A region in revolt: Mapping the recent uprisings in North Africa and West Asia, Ottawa: Daraja Press, 2020.
R. Stephan and Mounira M. Charrad (eds), Women Rising: In and Beyond the Arab Spring: New York, New York University Press, 2020.
I. Szmolka (ed.), Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa: After the Arab Spring, Edinburgh, Edinburgh UP, 2017.
Ch. Tripp, The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2013.


IMPORTANT! Students without any prior knowledge of the History of the MENA, must read one of the following textbooks:

W. Cleveland & M. Bunton, A History of the Modern Middle East, Boulder: Westview Press, 2016,
Betty Anderson, A History of the Modern Middle East, Stanford: Stanford UP, 2016.

- key issues in the formulation and implementation of a foreign policy.
- The Relationship between the domestic and the international context
- Critical analysis of the main historical events, of the current situation and of future perspectives in Argentinian and Latin American Foreign Policy
-Opportunities and challenges in the connections with the United States and China.
-Brazil and its foreign policy.
-Limits and opportunities of Argentinian Foreign Policy

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

- key issues in the formulation and implementation of a foreign policy.
- The Relationship between the domestic and the international context
- Critical analysis of the main historical events, of the current situation and of future perspectives in Argentinian and Latin American Foreign Policy
-Opportunities and challenges in the connections with the United States and China.
-Brazil and its foreign policy.
-Limits and opportunities of Argentinian Foreign Policy

Required readings will be provided at the beginning of the course.

The course aims to analyze the modalities of formation of the European States pluralistic system born in the Modern Age from the disintegration of the imperial and pontifical universalisms of the Middle Ages, following the metamorphoses of three key concepts (universal monarchy, balance of power, supranational bodies) in the context of the political-diplomatic and war events of the Four-Eighteenth Century. Particular attention will be devoted to the transformations of the concept of monarchia universalis in the context of territorial and imperial States between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Spain, Holland and England), to the international practice of balance of power before and after the Thirty Years War, to development of the idea of peace and to the first proposals of supranational organizations for the resolution of conflicts between States.

A. Aubert, L’Europa degli imperi e degli stati. Monarchie universali, equilibrio di potenza e pacifismi dal XV al XVII secolo, Bari, Cacucci, 2008.

A second text on a specific topic, to be chosen with the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Introduction: from Kievan Rus' to Ivan IV the Terrible; The First Modernization of Russia: Peter the Great and the Birth of a Great Power; The Long Russian Nineteenth Century from the Napoleonic Wars to the Reforms of Alexander II; The Russia of Nicholas II: The contradictions of an impetuous and haphazard development; World War I and the end of a world; The Bolshevik Revolution, its origins and affirmation; Russian civil wars and the origins of the Soviet state; The NEP, the rise of Stalin, Collectivization, industrialization and the birth of Stalin's USSR; The Great Terror; Comintern, Communist parties and traditional foreign policy; World War II; Victory and the birth of a superpower; The Cold War: The USSR and the West; Khrushchev and the 20th Congress of the PCUS; The Brezhnev years: consolidation and stagnation; The impossible reform of the system: Gorbachev between perestroika and glasnost'; The end of the USSR and the birth of the Russian Federation; Yeltsin and the age of turbidity; A new strong man? Putin and the new Russia: ambitions and contradictions of a regime.

1) A. Graziosi, L'Unione Sovietica 1914-1991, Bologna, Il Mulino

2) M. Morini, La Russia di Putin, Bologna, Il Mulino;

3) F. Benvenuti, Russia oggi, dalla caduta dell'Unione sovietica ai nostri giorni, Roma, Carocci.

for non-attending students P. Paul Bushkovitch, Breve storia della Russia. dalle origini a Putin, Torino, Einaudi.

The acquisition of the tools necessary to understand the development and weight of the mass media of the contemporary age will be carried out on the basis of a programme divided into two parts. In the first one we will analyze the stages that have characterized the development of the press, cinema, radio, television and Internet, these media changed the face of the twentieth century, the forms of political communication and, in the end, the daily life of individuals. In the second part the focus will be on the analysis of the history of advertising, its economic and social role aimed at promoting consumption.

Lyn Gorman, David McLean, Media and Society into the 21st Century. A Historical Introduction, Oxford Wiley Blackwell, 2009

I. The Premise: Representative institutions in Europe before the State
Political representation in late middle ages: the monarch, the assembly and the function of political consent: Kingdom of Leon and the realms of Crown of Aragon; English representative government. The Italian communes and their representative institutions: the recognition of political will in a citizens' assembly. Representative experiences during the early modern period.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
Marsilius (1324), The defender of the peace
An. (1340 ca.), Manner of Holding Parliament in England,
H.G. Koenigsberger, Monarchies and Parliaments in Early Modern Europe.

II. The Westminster model in England and beyond
Parliamentarism during the Civil War: the confrontation between sovereignity and representation.The powerful parliament: legislative supremacy, controlling the Government. English influence on American experience: the fusion with presidentialism? Parliament's reform during Victorian Age. Enriching political representation: responsibility and publicity.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
H. Parker (1643), The oath of pacification, or, A forme of religious accomodation humbly proposed both to King and Parliament,
Th. Hobbes (1679), Behemoth or The Long Parliament.
E. Burke (1770), Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontent.
Ch.J. Fox (1775), The Speeches of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox, in the House of Commons.
A. Hamilton, J. Jay, J. Madison (1788), The Federalist Papers.
J.S. Mill (1859), Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform.
W. Bagehot (1867), The English Constitution.

III. The French instance
Parlamentarism (and antiparlamentarism) during the Revolution. National sovereignity or popular sovereignity: the debate after the Revolution. Bourbon restoration and the question of deliberation. The Second Republic and the invention of national representation.The long apprenticeship of parliamentary democracy: the Third Republic.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
J.J. Rousseau (1762), The Social Contract.
M.-J,-A.-N. de Condorcet, Political Writings.
B. Constant (1815) Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments.
F. Guizot (1851), The History of the Origins of Representative Government in Europe.
A. de Tocqueville (1835-1840), Democracy in America.

IV. The Italian path towards Parliamentarism

Nation building and/or Revolution countering: political representation before 1861. The liberal age and the introduction of parliamentarism. The democratic debate after World War II.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
Civilization and Democracy: The Salvemini Anthology of Cattaneo's Writings.
G. Giolitti (1919), Speech at Dronero.
G. Mosca (1933), The Ruling Class.

V. Parliamentarism in the Austrian-German area
Constitutional experiences during the XIX century. “The (quick) rise and fall of Weimar” parliamentarism. (Re)constructing parliamentary democracy after Nazism.

Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
G.W.F. Hegel (1820), The Philosophy of Right.
M. Weber (1917), Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order.
H. Kelsen (1929), The essence and value of democracy. .
J.A. Schumpeter (1942), Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
H. Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy.

VI. Cultures of antiparliamentarism in the XXth century
the transversal culture of anti-parliamentarism in the crisis of the liberal State. Socialist theories of political representation: soviet or parliament? Liberal parliaments under attack. Political representation and totalitarism.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
V.I. Lenin (1919), Should We Participate in Bourgeois Parliaments?.
C. Schmitt (1923), The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy.
G. Gentile (1934), Origins and Doctrines of Fascism.
A. Gramsci (1935), Notes 74 and 76 of Notebook 14, in The Prison Notebooks.

Cultures of European Parliamentarism
Two directions of historical analysis: the relation with other EU institutions; the relation with
national parliaments. Representation of European governments and parliaments (1952-1976). Representation of Europeans (1976-1992). Representation of European citizens (1992-2009). The European Parliament after Lisbon (2009-). Representation, citizenship and democracy beyond borders in Europe.
Readings for in-class discussion, excerpts from:
A. Spinelli (1983), Towards the European Union.
J. Habermas 2012), The crisis of European Union. A response.
G. Morgan (2005), The Idea of a European Superstate: Public Justification and European Integration.
P. Dann (2003), European Parliament and Executive Federalism.
A. Follesdal, S. Hix, 2006. Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU.